QUN DY MY BIN AP

Mc tiu thc hin:

Hc xong bi ny, hc vin c nng lc:

Qun li my bin p theo s liu c sn, m bo hot ng tt, t cc thng s k thut,

theo tiu chun k thut in.

Tnh ton qun mi my bin p, m bo hot ng tt, t cc thng s k thut, theo tiu
chun k thut in.

Ni dung chnh:

Dng c - Thit b:
-

ngh in, c kh cm tay.

Bn qun dy.
My o VOM, Ampe km, Megom k.

Li thp my bin p cch ly 50VA; Li thp survoltuer (5 20).

Dy in t 10%; 25%; 70%.100%.140% ...

Gen cch in cc loi.
Giy cch in 2 zem;Giy du.
Ph kin lp rp Adaptuer; Survoltuer.
Vecni cch in v dung mi.

4.1.
Qun my bin p theo s liu c sn.
L dng bi ton m ngi th c trc mt li thp no . T li thp c sn ny kt hp
vi cc yu cu cn c khc (thng thng l in p U 2 v U1) s tin hnh xc nh cc thng s cn
li sao cho ph hp vi li thp c.
C th tm tt bi ton nh sau:
Bit trc: Tit din li thp At; U2; U1.
Cn tm: SBA I2 I1; n1; n2; d1; d2 ...
Cc bc tin hnh nh sau:
1. T tit din li thp c tin hnh xc nh dung lng SBA theo biu thc:

At .Bm
S2 = SBA =
1,423.k
hd

[VA]

(4.1)

2. Xc nh dng in th cp I2:

I2 =
[A]

S2
U2

(4.2)

3. V li s hon chnh MBA:

4. Tnh s vng dy qun cho mi vn:
nv =

1
4,44. f .Bm . At

(4.3)

Trong :
Tit din li thp c tnh bng m2
Nu tit din li thp c tnh bng cm2 v f = 50Hz th biu thc trn tr thnh.

nV =
45
Bm . At

(4.4)

5. Tnh s vng qun cho cun s cp v th cp:

a. S vng qun cho cun s cp:
n1 = nV . U1

(4.5)

b. S vng qun cho cun th cp:

Khi my bin p mang ti th in p trn ti s st gim mt lng so vi lc khng ti.
m bo in p cung cp cho khi my vn hnh th phi tr hao lng st p ny khi tnh ton t
(5 15)%.
n2 = nV . (U2 + 5% 15%)

(4.6)

6. Tnh dng in pha s cp:

Tra bng chn hiu sut ca MBA v tnh ra dng in pha s cp

I1 =

S2
U 1 . %

(4.7)

S2 ( VA )
3
10
25
50
100 1000
60
70
80
85
90
> 90
(% )
7. Tnh ng knh dy qun:
Chn mt dng in thch hp v tnh ng knh dy qun

Pha s cp:

d1 = 1,13

I1
J

(4.8)

Pha th cp:

d2 = 1,13

I2
J

(4.9)

Vi J l mt dng in (A / mm2); Chn ty vo ch lm vic ca MBA.

MBA lm vic lin tc J = (2,5 5) A/mm2.
MBA lm vic t J c th chn n 7A/mm2.
8. Tnh h s lp y (kl)
H s lp y cho bit b dy cun dy chim ch bao nhiu trong ca s ca li thp

Kl =

BD
= 0,6 0,7; Ti a l 0,8
C

(4.10)

Trong :
BD: B dy cun dy
C: B rng ca s c =

a
2

Tnh b dy cun dy
- Cun s cp c b dy BD1 c tnh t s vng qun n1.
- Cun th cp c b dy BD2 c tnh t s vng qun n2.
- B dy c cun dy BD = BD1 + BD2 + (1 2)mm.

S vng dy qun cho 1 lp:

nvl =

Trong :

hK
d/

(4.11)

hK: Chiu di h ca khun qun

d/ : ng knh dy k c cch in
S lp dy qun:
nL =

n
nVL

Trong :
n: S vng dy ca tng cun (s hoc th cp)
nVL: S vng dy qun cho 1 lp

(4.12)

BD1(2) = nL1(2) . d/i

B dy cun dy s hoc th

9. Tnh khi lng dy qun (W)

W = W1 + W2

(4.13)

Vi: W1; W2 l khi lng ca cun s cp v th cp.

Khi lng ca tng cun dy c tnh theo biu thc.

W1(2) = (1,2 1,3). 8,9. LTB. n.

Trong :
LTB:
n:
d:
W:

.d 2
4

(4.14)

.10-4
L chiu di trung bnh ca mt vng dy (tnh bng dm).
S vng qun ca cun s cp hoc th cp.
ng knh dy qun cun s cp hoc th cp (tnh bng mm2).
L khi lng (tnh bng Kg).

4.2.
Tnh ton qun mi my bin p.
La dang bai toan ma ngi th nhan c nhng yeu cau ky thuat can co cho
mot may bien ap cu the t khach hang nh ien ap nguon vao; ien ap ra can co;
cong suat ngo ra; muc ch s dung ... Vi dang bai toan nay chung ta phai xac nh
c tiet dien loi thep; so vong day quan s cap, th cap va ng knh day quan
s cap, th cap ...
Co the tom tat bai toan nh sau:
Biet trc: SLOI; U2; U1
Can tm: SBA I2 I1; n1; n2; d1; d2 ...

4.2.1.Phng php tnh ton my bin p cm ng:

My bin p cm ng hay cn gi l my bin p hai dy qun, l loi my bin p c dy qun
s cp v th cp cch ly nhau. K hiu my bin p hai dy qun nh hnh 4.1. Trnh t tnh ton dy
qun v chn kch thc li thp c tin hnh theo cc bc sau:

U1

N1

N2

U2

Hnh 4.1: K hiu my bin p hai dy qun

Bc 1: Xc nh cc s liu yu cu:
- in p nh mc pha s cp U1 [ V ].
- in p nh mc pha th cp U2 [ V ].
- Dng in nh mc pha th cp I2 [ V ].
Trng hp nu khng bit r gi tr I2, ta cn xc nh c cng sut biu kin pha th cp
S2 :
S2 = U2 . I2 [ VA ]
- Tn s f ngun in.
- Ch lm vic ngn hn hay di hn.

(4.15)

Bc 2: Xc nh tit din tnh ton cn dng cho li st (At ):

At =1,423.K .

S2
Bm

(4.16)

Trong :
At: l tit din tnh ton ca li thp [cm2]
S2: l cng sut biu kin cung cp ti pha th cp bin p [ VA ]
K: l h s hnh dng li thp.
Khi l thp dng EI (hnh 4.2) ta c K = 1 1,2
Khi l thp dng UI (hnh 4.3) ta c K = 0.75 0,85
Bm: l mt t thng s dng trong li thp. Ty theo hm lng silic nhiu hay t m
chn Bm cao hay thp. Cng ty theo loi l thp c ch to theo dng dn t c nh hng hoc
khng nh hng m chn Bm cao hay thp.
i vi l thp dn t khng nh hng: Bm = (0,8 1,2)T
i vi l thp c dn t nh hng: Bm = (1,2 1,6)T.

Hnh 4.2 : Li thp dng E,I

Hnh 4.3 : Li thp dng U,I

Bc 3: Chn kch thc cho li thp, khi lng li thp.

Kch thc cho li thp:
a

Hnh 4.4: Cch o ly kch thc

li thp dng E I

Hnh 4.5: Cch o ly kch thc

li thp dng U I

Gi Ag l tit din tnh t kch thc thc s ca li thp, ta c:

Ag = a.b

Trong :
a: l b rng l thp [cm]
b: l b dy li thp [cm]
Nh vy gia Ag v At chnh lch nhau do:

(4.17)

 B dy cch in trng trn l thp ( gim nh dng in Foucault chy qua cc l thp trong
li).
Ag =

At
Kf

(4.18)

ba v c trn l thp do cng ngh dp nh hnh l thp gy nn.

chnh lch ny c xc nh bng h s ghp Kf, ta c:
Trong thit k tnh ton, tham kho gi tr Kf theo bng sau:
B dy l thp
(mm)
0,35
0,5

Kf
L thp t ba v
0,92
0,95

L thp nhiu ba v
0,8
0,85

Ch :
Nu o c b dy mi l thp v bit chnh xc s l thp ta tnh c A t v c th xem At =

Ag.
Da vo gi tr Ag, ta chn c kch thc a, b ca li thp.
d dng trong thi cng qun dy, thng gia a v b c mi quan h v kch thc nh sau:
b = a n b = 1,5a
(4.19)
T , ta c quan h sau :
Ag = a.b = a2 (khi chn a = b).
Ag = a.b = a.1,5a = 1,5a2 (khi chn b = 1,5a).
Tm li: Khi bit trc gi tr Ag, ta c th xc nh dy gi tr a chn, bng cch tnh sau:
a min a a max

vi

a min =

Ag
1,5

v a max =

Ag

(4.20)

Phi hp gi tr a c sn trong thc t, chn gi tr a thch hp cho li thp, t tnh li chnh

xc gi tr b. Sau khi c kch thc l thp, ta chn khi lng li thp.

 Khi lng li thp:

Trng hp li thp dng E I: (hnh 4.6)

a/2
h+a

a/2

a/2

Hnh 4.6: Cch o kch thc li thp dng E,I tnh ton

Gi c l b rng ca s.
h l b cao ca s.
Ta c th tch li thp ( tr i khong khng gian trng ca 2 ca s) l:
V =2ab (a +c +h)

(4.21)

Gi l khi lng ring ca thp k thut in = 7,8 kg/dm .

3

Suy ra khi lng li thp l :

Wth =.V

(4.22)

Hay:
Wth = 7,8.2ab(a
= 15,6ab(a

+c +h)
+c +h)

(4.23)

Trong cng thc (4.9):

Wth: n v l [kg]
Cc kch thc a, b, c, h: n v l [dm]
Trng hp li thp E, I ng dng tiu chun, ta c quan h cc kch thc nh sau:

c=

a
3a
v h =
2
2

Do cng thc (4.23) c th vit li thnh cng thc (4.24) cho l thp ng tiu chun:
(4.24)
Wth = 46,8a 2 b

 Trng hp kt cu li thp dng UI: (hnh 4.7)

a
2a+h

a
2a+c

Hnh 4.7: Cch o kch thc li thp dng U,I tnh ton

Th tch li thp tr i ca s l:
V = 2ab(2a + c + h)

(4.25)

Suy ra khi lng li thp:

Wth =15,6ab(2a +c +h)

(4.26)

Trong :
Wth: n v l [kg]
Cc kch thc a, b, c, h: n v l [dm]
Th d 1:
Xc nh khi lng li thp bin th c th dng ch to bin th vi cc yu cu theo hnh 4.8
I2 = 5A

U1 = 110V

U2 = 15V

Hnh 4.8: Hnh th d 1

GII:
Bc 1:

Tham s ti th cp gm:U2 = 15V; I2 = 5A

Nn S2 = U2.I2 = 15.5= 75VA
Bc 2:
Chn dng li thp E, I ng tiu chun, mt t dng cho li thp chn l:
Bm = 1,2T, ta c:
At = 1,423(1 1,2)

S2
Bm

= 1,423(1 1,2)

75
= 10,269 cm2 12,32 cm2
1,2

Ta c:
At = 10,27 cm2 12,32 cm2
Bc 3:
Nu chn Kf = 0,95 (kh nng ghp st ti a), th tit din A g cn dng cho li thp so vi tit
din tnh ton At l:
Ag =

10,27 12,32cm 2
= 10,81 cm2 12,97 cm2
0,95

Xc nh amin v amax theo khong Ag = 10,81 cm2 12,97 cm2.

a min =

a max =

Ag
1,5

10,81
= 2,68 cm 2,7 cm
1,5

Ag = 12,97 = 3,6 cm

Tm li, thc hin bin th c cng sut 75VA ta chn a trong khong t 2,7cm n 3,6cm.
p dng cng thc b =

Ag
a

v Wth = 46,8a2b ta c th xc nh mt dy gi tr cho cc li thp c th

t c cng sut yu cu bi nh sau:

a (cm)
Ag (cm2)
b (cm)
Wth (kg)

2,7
10,81 12,97

2,8
10,81 12,97

3
10,81 12,97

3,2
10,81 12,97

3,4
10,81 12,97

3,5
10,81 12,97

3,6
10,81 12,97

4 4,8cm
1,36 1,64

3,86 4,63
1,42 1,7

3,6 4,32
1,52 1,82

3,37 4,05
1,62 1,94

3,18 3,81
1,72 2,06

3,09 3,77
1,77 2,12

3 3,6
1,82 2,18

Bng gi tr ny cho ta cc kch thc li thp c th to bin th ng theo yu cu trn, ta c

th chn mt trong cc kch thc ny tnh ton s b, sau nu cn ta s hiu chnh trong cc bc
tnh sau.
Gi s trong th d ny ta chn:

a = 3,2cm; b = 3,4cm; Wth = 1,63Kg

Ag = 10,88 cm2; At = 10,336 cm2 (Kf = 0,95)
Khi dng l thp E, I ng tiu chun, kch thc li thp cn dng ( to ra S 2 = 75VA) nh
hnh 4.9.
Ch :
Nu b dy mi l thp l 0,5mm v b = 34mm, tng s l thp ch E cn dng l

34mm
= 68 (l).
0,5mm
Tm li:
B l thp gm 68 l thp ch E v 68 l thp ch I.
Khi lng li thp: Wth = 1,63kg
32mm

34mm

48mm

64mm

a/2

16mm

32mm

Wth =
1,63kg
96mm

Hnh 4.9: Kch thc li thp cn dng

Bc 4:
Xc nh s vng to ra mt vn trong cun dy s cp v th cp.
nv =

1
4,44. f . At .Bm

(4.27)

Trong :
nv: n v l [vng/vn]
f: n v l [Hz]
At: n v l [m2]
Bm: n v l [T]
Trng hp At dng n v l [cm2] v cc i lng khc c n v ging nh trn, ta c:
10 4
4,44. f . At .Bm

(4.28)

45,045
At .Bm

(4.29)

nv =

Khi f = 50Hz:
nv =

gn hn, (4.29) c ghi nhn ti mi mc gi tr ca Bm cho trc:

Vi

Bm = 0,8T

Vi

Bm =1T

Vi

Bm =1,2
T

nv =

55,3
At

(4.30)

nv =

45,045
At

(4.31)

nv =

37,54
At

(4.32)

Bc 5:
Xc nh st p pha th cp lc mang ti nh mc.
Ta lun lun c U20 > U2.
Trong :
U20: l in p th cp khi khng ti.
U2: l in p th cp khi ti nh mc.
Thng ta t tham s U% vi nh ngha:

U% =

U 20 U 2
.100 = 20 1.100
U2
U2

(4.33)

Tuy nhin, d tnh ton trong thit k, ta bin i nh sau:

U 20
U 0 0
= 1+
= Ch
U2
100

(4.34)

Do :
U 20 =C h .U 2

(4.35)

 giai on xc nh s b ban u, U% hay C h c xc nh theo cc bng sau :

S2 (VA)
U%

5
20

10
17

25
15

50
12

75
10

100
9

150
8

200
7,5

300
7

Hoc tham kho bng dng cho ph ti thun tr (h s cos = 1)

S2 (VA)
U%

25
8

50
6,5

75
6,1

100
6

150
5,9

200
5,2

250
5

400
4,3

500
4

600
3,9

750
3,8

1000
3,75

Bng quan h: h s Ch theo S2

S2 (VA)
5
7,5
10
15
20
25
30
40

Ch
1,35
1,28
1,25
1,22
1,18
1,16
1,14
1,13

S2 (VA)
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
150

Ch
1,12
1.11
1,10
1,09
1,085
1,08
1,075
1,065

S2 (VA)
180
200
250
300
350
400
500
600

Ch
1,060
1,058
1,052
1,048
1,045
1,042
1,038
1,035

S2 (VA)
700
800
900
1000
1500
2000
3000

Ch
1,032
1,030
1,028
1,025
1,020
1,016
1,009

Bc 6:
Xc nh s vng dy qun ti s cp v th cp:
N1 =U1.n v

(4.36)

N 2 = U 20 .n v

(4.37)

Th d 2:
Da vo kt qu tnh c trong th d 1 tnh ton s vng dy qun cho bin th (hnh 4.8).
Gii:
Trong th d 1, tm c a = 3,2cm, b = 3,4cm,
Ag = 10,88cm2, At = 10,336cm2.
Nu li thp c mt t l Bm = 1,2T, ta c:
Bc 4:
p dng (4.13) hay (4.18) ti tn s f = 50Hz:
nv=

37,54
37,54
=
=3,6319 3,632 vng/vn.
At
10,336

Bc 5:
ng vi S2 = 75VA, tra bng chn Ch = 1,1
Nn U20 = U.Ch = 15.1,1 = 16,5V
Bc 6:

Vi U1 = 110V, U20 = 16,5V v nv = 3,632 vng/vn.

Suy ra s vng pha s v th cp nh sau:
N1 = U1.nv = 110 . 3,632 = 399,52 vng 400 vng
N2 = U20 .nv = 16,5 . 3,632 = 59,928 vng 60 vng
Bc 7:
c lng hiu sut ca my bin th, xc nh dng in pha s cp I1.
Trong thit k s b, hoc n gin ha, hiu sut c th tra bng theo S 2. C th tham kho
mt s bng sau:
Theo Robert Kuhn:
S2 (VA)
%

3
60

10
70

25
80

50
85

100
90

1000
Ln hn 90

Theo Anton Hopp:

S2 (VA)
%

30
86,4

50
87,6

100
89,6

150
90,9

200
91,3

300
93

500
93

750
95,3

1000
94

150
92

300
92

500
92,5

Theo Walter Kehse:

S2 (VA)
%

10
80

20
80

30
85

50
90

100
91

Theo AEG (bin th ngun ca b chnh lu):

S2 (VA)
%

25
76,5

50
84

100
85

200
86

300
88

400
90

500
90,5

700
91

Theo Newnes:
S2 (VA)
%

100 150 200 250 500 750 1000 1500 2000 2500
83,5 89,3 90,5 91,2 92,5 93,5 94,1 95 95,4 95,7

3500
95,9

5000
98,2

Theo Elektroteknik und Machinenbau (Vienne 16/8/1931):

S2 (VA)
%

150
88,5

250
89,6

500
91

1000
92,8

2000
94,2

3000
94,9

5000
95,7

Theo Nationnal Bureau of Atandard S.408 Westinghouse:

S2 (VA)
%

2,5
78

5
81,8

9
84,2

25
87,7

50
88,8

80
90,5

150
92,5

200
92,7

500
94,3

650
94,4

Theo Schindler:
S2 (VA)
%

100
92,5

200
93,5

300
94

500
94,5

1000
92

 Theo Transfor Matoren Fabrik Magnus

S2 (VA)
%

25
84,2

50
86,8

75
89

100
90

150
91

200
91,9

250
92

400
93,2

500
93,6

Sau khi tra bng, chn c % cho bin th, t xc nh c dng in pha s cp:
I1 =

S2
%.U 1

(4.38)

Bc 8:
Chn mt dng in J, suy ra tit din v ng knh dy dn pha s cp v th cp.
Chn J xc nh ng knh dy dn ph thuc vo cc yu t:
- Cp cch in vt liu.
- iu kin gii nhit dy qun.
- Ch lm vin (di hn hay ngn hn).
Ta c th tham kho cc bng gi tr cho php ca J nh sau:
Bng quan h gia J theo S 2, khi bin th vn hnh lin tc, iu kin gii nhit km (hoc cp
cch in thp).
S2 (VA)
J (A/mm2)

0 50
4

50 100
3,5

100 200
3

200 500
2,5

500 1000
2

Trng hp vt liu cch in cp A (nhit ti a im nng nht cho php l 105 0C), my
lm vic ngn hn, ta c th chn J cao hn gi tr bng trn t (1,2 1,5)ln. C th ta c.
S2 (VA)
0 50
50 100
100 200
200 500
2
J(A/mm )
5 6
4,5 5,5
45
3,5 4,5
Ngoi ra ta cng c th chn J theo nhit pht nng cho php:
At (cm2)
1,0
1,4
2,0
2,4
2,8
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
5,5

J (A/mm2)
vi gia
nhit 400C
4,6
4,0
3,5
3,3
3,1
3,0
2,8
2,7
2,6
2,4
2,35

J (A/mm2)
vi gia
nhit 600C
5,5
4,9
4,3
4,0
3,7
3,6
3,4
3,3
3,2
3,0
2,8

At (cm2)
6,0
6,5
7,0
7,5
8,0
9,0
10
15
20
30
40

J (A/mm2)
vi gia nhit
400C
2,3
2,25
2,2
2,15
2,1
1,9
1,8
1,6
1,4
1,25
1,15

500 1000
3 4
J (A/mm2)
vi gia nhit
600C
2,8
2,7
2,6
2,6
2,5
2,4
2,3
1,9
1,8
1,5
1,4

Cn c theo cc s liu tham kho trn, chn J v suy ra ng knh dy qun s cp v th cp.

Gi d1 v d2 l ng knh dy dn trn (khng tnh lp cch in bc bao quanh dy) ti s v

th cp. Ta c:
d1 = 1,13

I1
J

(4.39)

d 2 = 1,13

I2
J

(4.40)

Th d 3:
Tnh s liu ng knh dy qun ca bin th kho st trong cc th d 1 v th d 2.
Gii:
Trong cc thnh phn tnh ton trc ta c:
I2 = 5A;
S2 = 75VA; U1 = 110V.
Bc 7:
Chn % = 88% ng vi S2 = 75VA
Dng in pha s cp l:
I1 =

75
0,775 A
0,88.110

Bc 8:
Gi s bin th vn hnh 10 gi/ngy, cch in s dng cp A, chn J = 5,5 A/mm 2 (ng vi S2
= 75), suy ra ng knh dy qun s v th cp nh sau:
d1 = 1,13

0,775
= 0,424 mm, chn d1 = 0,45 mm.
5,5

d2 = 1,13

5
= 1,07mm, chn d2 = 1,1mm
5,5

Chn dy emay c ng knh dy k c cch in l:

d1c = 0,5mm
d2c = 1,15mm
Bc 9:
Chn b dy cch in lm khun qun dy (ec) v b cao hiu dng qun dy (Hhd)
d thi cng qun dy, thng thng ta chn:
ak = a + (1 2)mm
bk = a + (1 2)mm
Hhd = H - [2ec + (1 2)mm]
Trong :
Hhd: l b cao hiu dng qun dy
ec: l b dy ba cch in, chn theo cp cng sut ca bin p.

Hnh 4.10: Chn kch thc cch in lm khun qun dy

m bo bn c hc chn ec theo cp cng sut ca bin th nh bng sau:

S2 (VA)
ec

1 10
0,5

10 200
1

200 500
2

500 1000
3

1000 3000
4

Bc 10:
Xc nh s vng cho mt lp dy qun s v th cp.
Gi: SV1 l s vng mt lp dy qun s cp.
SV2 l s vng mt lp dy qun th cp.
Ta c:
SV1 =

H hd
.K q
d 1cd

SV2 =

H hd
.K q
d 2cd

(4.41)
(4.42)

Trong :
Kq: l h s qun dy
+ Vi dy ng bc cotton: Kq = 0,9 0,93
+ Vi dy ng trng emay: Kq = 0,9 0,93
Bc 11:
Xc nh s lp cho mi phn dy qun s v th cp.

SL1 =

N1
SV1

(4.43)

SL 2 =

N2
SV2

(4.44)

Trong (4.43) v (4.44) lm trn s, sau xc nh b dy cch in gia mi lp dy qun bn

s v th cp, sau cng xc nh cch in gia cun dy s cp v th cp.
Ta c cng thc tng qut:
B dy cch in
gia 2 lp lin tip
nhau [mm]

= 1,4

Hiu in th gia hai lp

[V]

(4.45)

1000
T cng thc tng qut (4.45) ta vit li cch tnh cho ec1 v ec2:
e cd1 = 0,0624

SV1
nV

(4.46)

e cd2 = 0,0624

SV2
nV

(4.47)

Trong :
ec1 v ec2: n v l [mm]
SV1 v SV2: n v l [vng/lp]
nv:
n v l [vng/vn]
Bc 12:
Xc nh b dy mi phn dy qun.
Khi bin p c li thp E I, cun dy s cp v th cp qun trn mt trc li (b tr ng
trc), ta xc nh b dy cun dy s v th cp nh sau:
Gi:
BD1 l b dy cun dy s cp.
BD2 l b dy cun dy th cp.
BD l b dy tng ca c b dy.
Ta c:
BD1 =SL1 (d1cd +e cd1 )
(4.48)
BD 2 =SL 2 (d 2cd + e cd2 )

(4.49)

BD = BD1 + BD 2 + e c + e cd3

(4.50)

Trong :
ec3 l cch in gia s v th.
e cd3 =1,4

U1 +U 2
1000

(4.51)

Cui cng, kim tra h s lp y k l1 theo b dy chon ch cun dy so vi b rng ca s li

thp, ta c:
BD
(4.52)
K ld1 =
C

Gi tr ti a cho php ca K l1 b lt cun dy (k c cun dy s cp v th cp) vo ca s

l Kl1 = 0,7 0,8.
Nu Kl1 tnh tha mn gi tr ni trn th ta tnh tip cc bc cn li.
Nu khng tha mn gi tr ni trn ta phi tnh li, iu chnh li kt cu b lt dy qun.
Ch :
Cng c th kim tra bng cch tnh khc (ngay sau bc 8)
Gi kld2 l h s lp y, tnh theo tit din chon ch ca dy qun so vi tit din ca s mch
t.
Tng din tch chon ch ca b

(4.53)

dy

Kl1 =

Tit din ca s li thp

Gi Sc1 v Sc2 l tit din dy qun s v th cp k c lp bc cch in, ta c:
K ld2 =

N 1 .S1cd + N 2 .S 2 cd
c.h

(4.54)

Nu Kl2 = 0,4 0,46 th b dy b lt vo ca s, khong gi tr ny tng ng khong gi tr

Kl1 = 0,7 0,75.
Bc 13 :
Xc nh chiu di trung bnh cho mt vng dy qun s cp v th cp, suy ra tng b di cho
b dy s cp v th cp.
Trong bc ny, ty theo b dy s cp v th cp lp t theo dng no (cng mt tr hay hai
tr khc nhau) m ta c cch tnh khc.
i vi bin th hai dy qun thng ta c mt s cch b tr dy qun nh sau (xem hnh 4.11)
S cp
S cp

Th
cp

Th
cp

S cp
Th
cp

S cp

S cp

Th
cp

Hnh 4.11: Mt s cch b tr dy qun i vi bin th hai dy qun

Gi s kt cu dy qun s cp b tr bn trong v th cp bao bc quanh s cp, b di trung

bnh Ltb1 v Ltb2 cho b dy s v th cp xc nh nh sau (xem hnh 4.12).

Hnh 4.12: Cch b tr dy qun s cp bn trong v th

cp bn ngoi bao bc quanh s cp

t :

a = a + 2ec
b= b + 2ec

Ta c :

Tng t, suy ra:

L tb1 = 2(a / + b / ) +.BD1

(4.55)

L tb2 = 2(a / + b / ) + .[ 2( BD1 + e cd ) + BD 2 ]

(4.56)

Gi L1 v L2 l tng b di ca b dy qun s v th cp.

Ta c:
L1 = N1 .L tb1

(4.57)

L 2 = N 2 .L tb2

(4.58)

Bc 14:
Xc nh khi lng dy qun s cp v th cp:

W1 = k dp . L1 .

.d 12
4

. 8,9.10 - 4

(4.59)

Trong :
Kdp: l h s d phng do sai s trong thi cng thc t so vi tnh ton.
+ Vi dy emay: Kdp = 1,1 1,15.
+ Vi dy bc cotton: Kdp = 1,2 1,3.
Tng t, khi dy qun th cp c tnh:

W2 = K dq . L 2 .

.d 22
4

. 8,9 . 10 -4

(4.60)

Th d 4:
Xc nh khi lng s dng cho b dy bin th tnh trong cc th d 1, 2, 3.
Gii:
T cc th d 1, 2, 3 ta c cc kt qu sau:
a = 32mm, b = 34mm, c = 16mm, h = 48mm.
S vng dy s cp:
N1 = 400 vng
d1/d1c = 0,45/0,5mm (dy trng emay)
S vng dy th cp:
N2 = 60 vng
d2/d2c = 1,1/1,15mm (dy trng emay)
Kim tra s b h s lp y Kl:
S1c =

.0,5 2
= 0,196 mm2 0,2mm2
4

S2c =

.1,15 2
= 1,038 mm2 1,04mm2
4

Din tch ca s li thp:

Scs = c.h = 16 . 48 = 768mm2
Kl =

400.0,2. + 60.1,04 142,4

=
= 0,185
768
768

Vi Kl tnh c qu thp so vi tiu chun cho php (0,7 0,8) ta c th iu chnh gim kch
thc li thp, gim khi lng dy. Tuy nhin mun duy tr cc tham s khc khng i ta phi
gi tit din li thp nh lc u tnh.
Ta th xt phng n iu chnh nh sau:
Chn Kl tng ln khong 0,36 v gi s s liu dy qun s v th cp khng i. Tng
din tch chon ch ca b dy khng i, vn bng 142,4mm2. Suy ra din tch ca s l:ca s l:
Scs =

142,4
= 395,55mm2
0,36

Cn c theo Scs tnh ra a:

a
3a
v h =
2
2

V:

c=

Nn:

Scs =

3a 2
4

Vy:

a=

4 S cs
=
3

4.395,55
= 22,96 mm
3

i chiu theo th d 1 ta c th chn a ti mc thp nht l a = 24mm

Nu duy tr s vng nh c, theo th d 2 ta cn duy tr:
Ag = 10,88cm2 c At = 10,336cm2
Mun vy:

b=

Ag
a

10,88
= 4,5cm
2,4

Tm li, ta iu chnh li kch thc li thp gim khi lng thp v khi lng dy ng,
ng thi nng cao Kl, li dng ti a khong trng ca s li thp.
Ta chn:
a = 2,4cm; b = 4,5cm; Wth = 46,8a2b = 1,21kg 1,2kg
(Xem hnh 4.13)
24mm

45mm

12mm

36mm

Hnh 4.13: Kch thc li thp cn dng sau khi iu chnh

Nh vy, kt cu mi c iu chnh li c s liu nh sau:

Ag = 10,8cm2 vi Kf = 0,95 (kh nng ghp st)
At = Ag.Kf = 10,8 . 0,95 = 10,26cm2;
Ssc = 432 cm2
Bm = 1,2T; nv = 3,66 vng/vn
N1 = 402 vng; N2 = 60 vng
d1/d1c = 0,45/0,5mm; d2/d2c = 1,1/1,15mm
H s lp y rnh (tnh theo tit din) l Kl = 0,53
Cn c vo s liu mi, tnh li cc bc t bc 9 n bc 14
Bc 9:
B dy khun qun dy: ec = 1mm
Kch thc khun giy:
ak = a + 1mm = 25mm
bk = 45 + 1mm = 46mm
B cao hiu dng:
Hhd = h - (2ec + 1mm) = 36 - (2,1 + 1) = 33mm
Bc 10:
S vng qun cho mi lp s cp v th cp:
SV1 =

H hd
33
.K q =
.0,95 = 62,7 62 vng / lp
d1cd
0,5

SV2 =

33
.0,95 = 27,26 27 vng / lp
1,15

Bc 11:
S lp ca cun dy s v th cp:
SL1 =

N 1 402
=
= 6,48 7 lp
SV1
62

SL2 =

N2
60
=
= 2,2 3 lp
SV2 27

Xc nh b dy cch in gia cc lp s cp vi nhau:

ec1 = 0,0624

SV1
62
0,25mm
= 0,0624
nv
3,66

chn ec1 = 0,25mm

Xc nh b dy cch in gia cc lp th cp vi nhau:

ec2 = 0,0624

27
0,169mm
3,66

chn ec2 = 0,2mm

Bc 12:
B dy cun dy s v th cp:
BD1 = SL1 (d1c + ec1) = 7(0,5 + 0,25) = 5,25mm
BD2 = SL2 (d2c + ec2) = 3(1,15 + 0,2) = 4,05mm
B dy cch in gia cun s cp v th cp:
ec3 = 1,4.

U1 + U 2
= 0,49mm
1000

Chn ec3 = 0,5mm. Tng b dy b dy BD = BD1 +BD2 + ec3 = 9,8mm

Kim tra li h s lp y theo b dy ca s b chon ch
Kl =

BD 9,8
=
= 0,816
c
12

Ch : Nu cch in lp chn theo tiu chun k thut nh trn ta c th gim b dy cch in

tnh theo cng thc (4.31), (4.32), (4.33), (4.37) xung 0,5 ln.
Vi th d tnh ton trn nu hiu chnh:
ecd1 = ecd2 = 0,1mm v ec3 = 0,25mm, ta c:
BD1 = 4,2mm; BD2 = 3,75mm; BD = 8,2mm nn Kl = 0,683
Bc 13:
Chn cch b tr b dy ging nh hnh 4.12, ta c:
a = a + 2ec= 24 + 2.1 = 26mm.
b = 45 + 2 = 47mm.
B di trung bnh ca mt vng dy qun s cp:
Ltb1= 2 (a+b) + .BD1 = 2.(26 + 47) + 3,14 . 4,2 = 159,19 mm
Chn Ltb1= 159,2 mm = 1,592 dm .
B di trung bnh ca mt vng dy qun th cp:
Ltb2= 2(a+b) + .[2(BD1+ec3) + BD2] = 185,74 mm
Chn Ltb2= 186 mm = 1,86 dm.
Tng b di cun dy qun s cp:
L1= N1.Ltb1= 402.1,592 = 640 dm
Tng b di cun dy qun th cp:
L2= N2.Ltb2= 60.1,86 = 111,6 dm = 112 dm.
Bc 14:
Khi lng b dy qun s cp:
W1= 1,1 . 640 .

.0,45 2 -4
10 .8,9
4

W1= 0,0996 kg 0,1 kg .

Khi lng b dy qun th cp:

W2= 1,1.112.

.1,12 -4
10 .8,9
4

W2= 0,1042 kg 0,11 kg .

Tng khi lng b dy qun:
W= W1 + W2 = 0,1 + 0,11 = 0,21 kg.

TM TT KT QU NH SAU:
Kch thc mch t:
24mm

45mm

I2 = 5A
12mm

U1 = 110V

36mm

U2 = 15V
S2 =
75VA

Hnh 4.14: Kch thc mch t

S liu:
A = 24 mm;
b = 45 mm;
Ag = 10,8 cm2;
At = 10,26 cm2
Bm = 1,2T;
nv = 3,66vng/vn;N1 = 402 vng.
d1/d1c = 0,45mm/0,5mm;
N2 = 60 vng
Wth = 1,2kg
d2/d2c = 1,1mm/1,15mm;
W2 = 0,11kg
W1 = 0,1kg
H s lp y: Ll = 0,33 (tnh theo thit din chon ch)
Ll = 0,68 (tnh theo b dy chon ch)
B dy cch in gia cc lp s cp v th cp:
ec1 = ec2 = 0,1 mm
B dy cch in khun: ec = 1 mm
B dy cch in gia s cp v th cp: ec3 = 0,25 mm
4.2.2.Phng php tnh ton my bin p t ngu:
a. Trnh t tnh ton my bin p t ngu:

i vi MBA t ngu 1 ng vo v 1 ng ra th 2 ng ny c th hon i cho nhau khi s dng,

do khi tnh ton phi m bo c 2 trng hp.

Gi SBA l dung lng ca bin p trong c 2 trng hp.

Cn c vo U1, U2 c suy ra I 1, I2. Sau cn c vo s s tnh ra c dng

in chy trong on dy chung IC.

Tip theo s dng cc biu thc phn 4.2.1 tm cc thng s cn li.

Th d:
Xc nh cc thng s ca MBA t ngu 110V / 220 V; S = 550VA.

0
I1
220

110

110
I2

IC

220

C
Hnh 4.15: My bin p t
Gii:

ngu 220V/110V

Gi Im l dng in ng vi in p thp ca my.

Khi ng ra l 110V
I2 =

Chn hiu sut = 90% th I1 c tnh

I1 =

S BA 550
=
= 5A = Im
U2
110

S BA
550
=
= 2,8A = 0,56 Im
.U 1 0,9.220

Tnh dng in trong on dy chung

IBC = IC = I2 I1 = 5 2,8 = 2,2 A = 0,44 Im

Khi ng ra l 220V:

I2 =

S BA 550
=
= 2,5A = 0,5 Im
U2
220

Chn hiu sut = 90% th I1 c tnh

I1 =

S BA
550
=
= 5,6A = 1,1
.U 1 0,9.110

Im
-

Tnh dng in trong on dy chung:

IBC = IC = I1 - I2 = 5,6 - 2,5 = 3,1 A 0,6 Im

Tm li ta c :

IBC (on 110 220)

IAB (on 0 110)
Ng ra l 110V
0,56 Im
0,44 Im
Ng ra l 220V
0,50 Im
0,60 Im
thun tin trong thi cng m vn m bo cng sut ca MBA c th chn mt loi dy
theo dng in 0,6 Im = 3A.
b. Qui trnh qun dy Adaptuer v Survoltuer:
S nguyn l:

0
3

11
0

4,
56

11
0
22
0

NGUN VO

G
2

+
C_

7,
59

22
0

G
1

1
2

22
0 S nguyn l Adaptuer
Hnh 4.16:
16
0
11
0
8
0
S
9
8
C
7

6
5
4

3
2

11
0

1
0

22
0
0 RA TI

V
Hnh 4.17: S nguyn l Survoltuer

 Tnh ton theo s

Da vo s nguyn l, tnh ton cc thng s ca adaptuer hoc survoltuer theo trnh t bi
ton ngc.
a. i vi adaptuer: Pha th cp c nhiu ng ra. Cn ch gi tr in p ca tng ng
tnh s vng qun cho chnh xc.
b. i vi survoltuer: Cc u dy gallett G 2 s iu chnh c in p ra trong khong
50V. Do c th chia u gi tr in p trong tng cp hoc thng tnh theo t l sau: T s 1 n
s 7 mi s cch nhau 5V; t s 7 n s 9 mi s cch nhau 10V.
Lm khun
Xc nh kch thc khun qun; k thut lm khun; bc cch in khun thc hin tng t
hon ton nh trng hp 4.2.1.
Qun dy
dy ai... ).
-

Bc 1: Chun b cc vt t, thit b cn thit (bn qun, dy in t, gen cch in, ko,

Bc 2: G khun v m p ln bn qun v xit cht c nh v khun.
Bc 3: Quay th v chnh b m v 0.
Bc 4: Tin hnh qun dy.

Chn mt mt a trn khun qun t u dy ra u tin.

Kha cht vng dy u tin.

X ng gen 1mm vo u dy ra.

Tin hnh qun dy ri theo tng lp.

Lt cch lp (sau khi qun xong mi lp).

Cn khon 5 n 10 vng cui cng th t vo 1 on dy ai chun b kha vng

dy cui cng.

Kha vng dy cui, x gen vo u dy cui.

Tho khun ra khi bn qun, gi c nh cun dy.

Tho cun dy ra khi khun qun, bc thm mt lp cch in bn ngoi.

 Cc im cn lu :
- Hai u dy ra phi c cch in bng gen v phi b tr mt a ca khun qun.
- Phi hn ch ti a cc mi dy b cc khi vut sa dy.
- Ch khng mt vng dy no nm ngoi giy cch in.
- Trc khi qun phi quan st v tr cc gallett G 1 v G2 trn v hp chn hng ra cc u
dy ph hp.
- Cc mi ni, nu c th cng phi a ra s l hn ni bn ngoi.
- Cc u dy ra phi di a t v tr li thp n cc gallett m khng phi ni dy.
- Cc u dy ra phi c gen cch in, c bit l phn nm trong khun qun. Nn sp xp
ng th t thun tin trong vic lp rp.
- Khi qun xong phi bc cch in bn ngoi bng giy cch in dy t 1 n 2 lp. Sau
qun cun cm ng bn ngoi thun tin cho vic chnh ng h.
- i vi adaptuer do cun s cp dng dy rt nh nn khng cn qun xp lp, nhng cng
phi ri cho tng i u b mt. cun th cp th qun tng t nh survoltuer.
Lp rp
- Tho khun qun ra khi cun dy. X l cc mi ni, cch in cn thn; sau kim tra li
cc lp bc cch in.
- Lng xen k cc l thp vo lng cun dy.
- Co sch cc u dy ra, a vo ngun cho my vn hnh th o kim li cc cp in p
ng ra.
- Hn ni cc u dy vo ng s . Kim tra li s thay i in p ng ra khi iu chnh
gallett G2 .
Ch : Khi lp rp phi m bo cch in tuyt i gia cc phn mch in v v hp.
Cn chnh:

i vi survoltuer

Chnh ng h:
t G1 v tr 220V; G2 v tr s 1 cp ngun 220V cho my.
o kim gi tr thc t ca ngun cung cp.
Chnh cho ng h ch ng gi tr in p ngun bng cch thm hoc bt s vng qun
ca cun cm ng (Nu ng h ch cao hn th gim bt s vng qun ca cun cm ng v ngc
li).
Chnh chung:
t G1 v tr 220V; iu chnh tng G2 sao cho ng h ch 240V.
Chm u dy C trong mch chung in vo cc u t s 9 v s 1 s c nhng v tr
chung reo.
Gi nguyn u dy C ti v tr chung reo. H G2 t 1 n 2 s: nu chung khng cn
reo, th hn u dy C vo im .
Cn nu khi h G2 nh trn m chung vn cn reo th phi tm im khc c in p
thp hn (di v hng c s cao hn trn gallett G2).

i vi Adaptuer:

Kim tra cch lp cc diode trong cu chnh lu.

Ch cc tnh ca t lc.
Kim tra cc tnh in p ra, ghi k hiu cn thn.
Cn ghi k hiu r rng trn cng tc chuyn i 110V/220V.
4.2.3.Phng php tnh ton my bin p dng cho b np c quy:
a. Tnh dng in v in p cn np cho c qui

Dng in np:
Inp =

Q
t

(4.61)

Trong :
Q: Dung lng ca c quy [Ah].
t: Thi gian np (7 10)h.

in p np:
Unp = ( 1,15 1,25 )Ubnh

(4.62)

b. Chn mch chnh lu, t tnh ra dng in v in p th cp MBA tng ng:

S dng chnh lu cu (4 diode):

I2 = 1,11 Inp;

U2 = 1,11 Unp

(4.63)

Dng mch chnh lu sao 1 pha (bin th i xng _ 2 diode):

I2 = 0,785 Inp;

U2 = 1,11 Unp

(4.64)

c. Tip tc tnh ton cc thng s cn li ca MBA tng t hon ton MBA cch ly.
d. Trng hp MBA np cho nhiu bnh c quy ng thi th trc tin phi chn phng
n np ri sau mi tnh cc bc t 1 n 3.

Trng hp np song song: Inp tng ln;

Trng hp np ni tip: Inp khng i; Unp tng ln.

Unp khng i.

V d: Xc nh cc thng s ca MBA dng cho b np c qui. Bit rng ph ti l mt bnh

c qui c dung lng 45Ah; Ubnh = 12V.
Gii:

Dng in np v in p np cho c qui:

Inp =

Q 45
=
= 4,5A (chn t = 10h)
t
10

Unp = (1,15 1,25) Ubnh = 1,15.12 = 13,8 V; chn Unp = 15V.

Chn mch chnh lu cu:

I2 = 1,11 Inp = 1,11. 4,5 = 4,995A 5A;
U2 = 1,11 Unp = 1,11. 15 = 16,65V 17V;
Vy dung lng bin p trong trng hp ny l SBA = U2. I2 = 17. 5 = 85VA.

Cn nu chn mch chnh lu sao 1 pha th:

I2 =0,785 Inp = 0,785. 4,5 = 3,5A;
U2 = 1,11 Unp = 1,11. 15 = 16,65V 17V;
Vy dung lng bin p trong trng hp ny l SBA = 2U2.I2 = 2.17. 3,5 = 119VA.

 Gii thiu mt s s np in cho c quy:

22
0

-6
1CD

12V DC

11
0

+
6
0

6V DC

+12

2CD

- 12

Hnh 4.18: Mch np acquy 6V/12V _ DC; Ng vo chuyn i

110V/220V

220V

6
G1

12

G2

24

+
DC
_

Hnh 4.19: Mch np acquy 6V/ 12V/ 24V _

DC;
Ng vo 220V iu chnh c

4.2.4.K thut qun dy my bin p:

a. Lm khun cch in:
Khun cch in nhm mc ch cch in gia cun dy v mch t, cn lm sn cng nh
giy cch in presspahn, php (fibre) hoc bng cht do chu nhit.
C 2 dng khun:
-Khun khng vch chn c s dng i vi my bin p ln (hnh 4.20a)
-Khun c vch chn thng s dng cc my bin p nh (hnh 4.20b)

hk = h - h

hk = h - h

ak
ak

bk = b + b

ck= c - c bk = b +
b

a).

b).
Hnh 4.20: Kch thc khun

Ch :
Kch thc ca khun so vi kch thc ca li nh sau:
Cc h s d tr b, c v h c chn sao cho khng hp qu hoc rng qu, sau ny khi
lp vo mch t khng b cn d gy s chm masse. C th:
ak = ali cc l thp p cht vo nhau.
ck < cli khong 0,5mm lp khun d lt vo ca s.
hk < hli khong 1mm khe h mch t gia I vi ch E st kht nhau
bk > bli khong 1mm d lp ch E vo khun.
Gc tip gip gia ak, v bk theo chiu cao ca hk phi vung thnh, sc cnh khng un
ln khi lp l thp th mt trong ca ak st kht vi mt l thp .
Nu c vt liu bng ba mica, baklt hoc cc tng chu nhit cng, b dy 0,5mm lm khun
qun dy rt tt.
Sau khi ly mu khun cun dy, thc hin khun nng cho kht khao vi khun cch in. Mc
ch l khi lp khun vo trc my qun dy lm sao cho tm ca khun trng vi tm trc my.
Khun nng lm bng g c kch thc nh hnh 4.21, gia mt phng akxbk khoan mt l c
ng knh bng ng knh trc my quay sut dc chiu di hk.
ng thi, gia cng thm 2 tm chn (m p) (hnh 4.22) bng g, vung, kch thc 15x15cm
(tt nht l g vn p), c b dy khong (3 5)mm p cht 2 u khun trn trc khi quay my
qun dy.

bk
ak

hk

Hnh 4.21: khun nng

Hnh 4.22: tm chn (m p)

b. K thut qun dy:

-Trc khi qun dy phi v s b tr cc dy ra v tr thc t sau ny khi ni mch
khng b vng v d phn bit (Hnh 4.23a).
-Trc khi qun dy c nh u dy khi u nh hnh v (Hnh 4.24a). Trong lc qun dy c
gng qun dy cho thng v song hng vi nhau. C ht mi lp dy phi lt giy cch in. i vi
dy qu b (d < 0,15) c th qun sut lun khng cn lt giy cch in gia cc lp. Ch lt cch
in k gia cun s cp v th cp m thi.
-Khi qun na chng mun a dy ra ngoi thc hin nh hnh (Hnh 4.24b). Dy a ra ngoi
ny phi c cch in bng ng gaine cch in. Vic ni dy gia chng cng phi a mi ni ra
ngoi cun dy (Hnh 4.24c).
-i vi loi khun khng c vch chn dy, gi cc lp dy khng b chi ra ngoi khun,
dng bng vi hoc giy chn dy li c 2 pha u cun dy (Hnh 4.24d).
-Khi sp hon tt vic qun s vng dy, phi t dai vi hoc giy (H3-3c) sau y qun dy
chng ln bng vi, giy , cui cng ln dy qua v rt cht bng vi gia cho chc.

Hnh 4.23a: cch b tr cc dy ra v tr thc t

Hnh 4.23c: Cch un cc dy ra thc t

(dng khoen kn)

Hnh 4.24a: Cch c nh u dy khi u

Hnh 4.24c: Cch c nh u dy cui cun dy

c. Cch rp li l st ca mch t:

Hnh 4.23b: cch ni cc mi ni dy

Hnh 4.23d: Cch un cc dy ra thc t

(dng khoen h)

Hnh 4.24b: Cch ra u dy gia cun dy

Hnh 4.24d: Cch gi cc lp dy

-Tu theo dng l st ghp thnh mch t l dng EI hoc cc thanh ch I m ghp theo trt t
c tnh trc.
Cch ghp mch t vi l st EI:
Lp tng l st E sut dc chiu (b) ca khun, tr u i din nhau. Cc l st cui cng
thng rt kh lp phi dng ba st lt mt ming g ng dn dn, nh nhng cho l st p cht vo
li khun.
Sau khi lp cht cc l st ch E, v cc ch E tr u nn gia 2 gng t ch E c mt
khe h lp ch I. Cc l st ch I cng lp dn vo cc khe h c 2 pha ca khun
Ch :
Cc l st cng p cht, khi vn hnh MBA khi rung v khng pht ting .
Nu cc l st lng ngoi ting ku v rung, MBA cn b nng ln do t tr ln.

Hnh 4.25: Cch ghp mch t vi l st EI

Cch ghp mch t vi l st ch I:

Hnh 4.26: Cch ghp mch t vi l st ch I

d. Hn 2 u dy vo-ra:
Cc u dy vo ra ca hai cun dy phi nm cng mt pha ca tai khun.

Vi nhng MBA dng c dy ng knh rt nh, cc u dy vo ra ngi ta khoan hai l st

nhau tai khun qun vi vng dy ca cc u ra phng dy qu nh rt d t.
Nhiu khi cc u ra ca cc loi dy qu nh, ngi ta gn mt ming tn st hoc tn ng
ri hn cc u dy ra ca cun dy v cc u dy ngun v ti. Dy ngun v ti s dng loi dy si
n, mm. Ty theo cng sut MBA m chn dy ngun, ti c tit din ph hp.
e. Th nghim:
S dng m k kim tra cch in gia 2 cun dy, gia cun dy vi li st. Nu 2 cun dy
chm nhau hoc chm li st phi tho ton b ri qun dy li.
u in ngun kim tra in p U2 c ng thit k khng.
f. Sy s b:
Thng trong iu kin mi trng m thp, lp may v ba cch in rt d ht m nn phi
sy s b cho kh hi m.
g. Tm sn cch in:
Thng cc MBA lm vic trong iu kin mi trng m thp phi tm sn cch in.
Sau khi sy s b phi tm sn cch in bng cch:
- Nhng ton b MBA vo sn cch in n lc khng thy bt kh ni ln na mi ly MBA
ra.
- sn cch in t t vo cc cun dy.
h. Sy li v xut xng:
Sau khi tm sn phi sy li cho kh sn, kim tra cch in, U 2 mt ln na ri cho xut xng.
4.2.5.Cc pan thng thng trong my bin p:
Pan chm masse:
- Trng hp ny gy hin tng in git, nu km s n cu ch, bc khi nh th do s chm
masse lm chp mch cun dy.
-C th do b chm gia cc cc ni vi v st hoc c s c ni tt gia cc cc ni cc do
din. Dng n th hoc m k kim tra cc im cn lu xc nh ni b chm, chp mch... sau
sa cha li cho ht b chm masse.
-Nu my bin p vn vn hnh bnh thng, th ni b chm ch c 1 ch, c th ng dy ra
cc ni b trc lp cch in chm vo v bc my bin p hoc cc ni b lng lo chm b bc hoc
chm masse lp dy tip cn vi mch t. Trng hp sau cng ny, nu quan st khng thy c
ch chm masse.
-Nu my bin p vn vn hnh bnh thng m gy s git nh. Trng hp ny my bin p
khng b chm masse m do my bin p b m, in tr cch in b suy gim (nu dng bt th in
thy cch in bng M-gm k sao cho trn 1 M l tt. Nu khong t, lp cch in b lo ho cn
phi qun li ton b.
My bin p ang vn hnh b n cu ch:
-Nu my bin p b pht nhit thi qu, c th l do mch tiu th qu ln. Thay li dy ch
ng c v cho my bin p vn hnh khng ti, nu vn bnh thng chng t lc trc my bin p
lm vic qu ti.

-Nu my bin p vn hnh khng ti m cu ch vn n th chc chn my bin p chp vng

trong cun dy, phi qun dy li.
-i vi my bin p c cng sut nh th s chp vng kh lm cu ch n ngay nhng c s
pht nhit rt nhanh.
-i vi my bin p np c quy, chnh lu ton k, lu diode b hng ni tt. Hoc mc nhm
2 cc (+) v cc (-) vo bnh c quy (Hnh 4.27)
-Nu my bin p b pht nhit thi qu, c th l do mch tiu th

Hnh 4.27: Cc s c i vi my bin p np c quy

My bin p vn hnh b rung ln, km s pht nhit:

-Do dng in tiu th qu ln, qu cng sut ca my nn my bin p rung ln pht ting r,
lu pht nhit nhanh, chng chy my bin p. khc phc cn gim bt ti.
-Do mc khng ng vi in p ngun, nhm vo ngun c in p cao.
-Do mch t ghp khng cht. Phi sit cht li cc bulong p gia cc l st ca mch t v
tm verni vo cun dy v vo cc khe h chn cng cc l st li, dnh cht hn.
-Do bn cht l st ca mch t km phm cht, qu r st hoc qun thiu vng dy.
My bin p khng vn hnh:
-Nu n bo khng sng hoc khng cm thy my bin p rung nh nh do c dng in vo,
th lu ng dy vo b h mch, cc ni dy vo khng tip in, hoc tip xc xu o in.
-Nu n bo sng, vn k hot ng m in p ly ra khng c, phi xem li cc ni dy ra b
tip in xu, t dy ra... Dng vn k hoc bt th in d tm xc nh ch pan khc phc.
-Nu b h mch bn trong cun dy, c th do mi ni dy cu th, khng hn ch nn tip
in xu sau mt thi gian s dng, hoc dy qun b gy t... Trng hp ny phi tho ra qun li.

-i vi np c quy, c th diode chnh lu b hng t mch. Trng hp ny d pht hin khi

dng vn k o c in p xoay chiu U 2, nhng khng c in p ra UDC ch cn thay mi diode m
thi.
My bin p lc vn hnh, lc khng:
-Nhn chung do ngun in cung cp vo my bin p lc c, lc khng hoc in p ra b t
qung, chnh l do tip xc xu. Nn kim tra li t ngun in cung cp n my bin p v t my
bin p n mch tiu th. Lu ni cu dao chnh, xit li cc c vt xit dy ch cho cht, co sch
ni tip in ht ten ng ti cu dao chnh, cc cc ni my bin p...
Mt s pan trong my bin p gia dng:
Ngoi s pan nu trn i vi my bin p gia dng c c mt s pan nh sau:
-Chung bo sm nhng in p ra vn khng cao do tc te iu khin chung b hng, nn thay
ci mi.
-Chung khng bo, mc d in p ra qu in p nh mc. Do tc te b hng lm h mch
chung, cun dy chung b chy.
-n bo khng sng nhng my bin p vn hot ng bnh thng. Do b t bng, mch n
b h mch.
-Vn k ch sai tr s in p. Hiu chnh li v i chiu vi vn k chun hoc thay vn k
mi.
-Khng tng c in p ra n in p nh mc. Do in p ngun xung qu thp ngoi
khong cho php ca my bin p hoc do qu ti (my bin p rung rn ln). Trng hp ny do s
thit k my bin p, cun s cp qun d vng nn c tr khng ln gy s st p ln bn trong cun
dy. V th khng th nng in p ln c, khi in p ngun b suy gim thi qu.

Mt s pan trong my bin p np c quy:

Ngoi s pan ni chung, cn ring i vi my bin p xc c quy c cc trng hp sau:
My bin p pht nhit thi qu, n cu ch hoc cng tc bo v qu ti
(OVERLOAD) ca my xc ct mch. Cn phi xem li bnh c quy c b chm ni tt khng. Hoc
diode chnh lu ton k b ni ngn mch.
My bin p mi vn hnh pht ting rung r v pht nhit. Cn ct
mch ngay, v do ni nhm cc cc (+) v cc (-) vo bnh c quy, gy ra dng in np ln trong my
bin p. Nu lu c th lm hng diode, chy my bin p (trng hp khng c cng tc bo v
qu ti).
My bin p np bnh yu. Do in p xc bnh thp hn in p ca c
quy. Lu 1 diode b hng t (chnh lu cu 4 diode), khng xc bnh c (chnh lu bn k).