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21 bi tp ha hu c dnh cho hc sinh gii Cu1. a. C su hirocacbon kh A,B,C,D,E,F u c %C =85,71 Xc nh tn su hirocacbon b.

. Ln lt cho su hirocacbon vo Br2 trong CCl4 khng chiu sng th thy A,B,C,D tc dng rt nhanh. E tac sdng chm hn, cn F th hu nh khng phn ng. Cc sn phm thu c t kh B v C l nhng ng phn quang hc khng i quang cu nhau. Khi cho tc dng vi hiro (ni ,t) th A,B ,C u cho cng mt sn phm G. B c nhit cao hn C . Xc nh tn su hirocacbon trn. Gii thch? (p n 406) Cu2. T mtan v cc cht v c cn thit khc vit phwong trnh phn ng iu ch : O O Cu3. Cht X ( C8H16O) cho phn ng idfom nhng khng phn ng cng hiro. Khi un nng X vi H2SO4 c ngoi sn phm chinhs Y l (C8H14) cn thu c 1,2- imetyl xiclohexen. Oxi ho Y ri thc hin phn ng cacboxyl ho th thu c sn phm metyl xiclopentan. Y khng c ng phn hnh hc. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X v giI thch s hnh thnh 1,2 -imetyl xiclohexen. Cu4. Vit cng thc cu to 4 hp cht hu c cha 2 nguyn t hiro, u phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d. Vit phng trnh phn ng ( cht hu c cha C.H.O ) Cu5. Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cht A cha C,H, O bit rng t chy 1 mol A cn 1 mol Oxi thu uc 1 mol CO2 v 1 mol H2O . Thc hin s trc tip sau vi A : A X H2 . X c th l nhng cht no?Vit cc phn ng xy ra? Cu6. Bn cht hu c A, B,C ,D c cng thc C4H4O4 cha hai nhm chc u tc dng vi NaOH trong : - Cht A, B to ra mui v nc, B c ng phn hnh hc - Cht C to ra mui + ancol. - Cht D to ra mui + anehit + H2O Xc nh cng thc cu to bn cht v vit phng trnh phn ng Cu7. t chy hirocacbon A cho CO2 v nc theo t l mol 1,75 : 1 v th tch,cho bay hI hon ton gam hp cht A thu c th tch hi bng 3,52 gam O2 trong cng iu kin. Cho 20,7 gam A tc dng vi AgNO3 d thu c 68,8 kt ta B Hirocccbon A phn ng vi HCK cho cht C cha 59,66 % clo trong phn t . Cho cht C phn ng vi Br2 theo t l mol 1:1 c chi sng v un nng ch thu c 2 dn xut halogen. Vit cng thc cu to ca A v C? p n 393. Cu8.Trong cc cht sau , cht no c ng phn hnh hc - 2-brom-3-clo but-2-en - 1-brom -1- clo -2 metyl-propen - pent-3-en-1-in -CH3 CH=C=CH-CH3 - CH3CBr=C=C=CClCH3 Cu9. Hp cht hu c X c cu to khng vng c cng thc phn t C4H7Cl v c cu hnh trans tc dng vi NaOH trong iu kin un nng thu c hn hp sn phm bn B c cng thc C4H8O . Xc nh X? Cu10. Cho but-2-en vo dung dch HBr , C2H5OH ho tan trong nc thu c cht g? Trnh by c ch to thnh cc cht trn? Cu 11.

1) Hp cht hu c (A) cha 2 nguyn t, c khi lng mol 150 < M A < 170. t chy hon ton m gam A thu c m gam H 2O. A khng lm mt mu Brm, khng phn ng vi Br2 khi c bt Fe, t0; phn ng vi Br2 khi chiu sng. un nng A vi dung dch KMnO4 d, sau khi axit ha sn phm c cht hu c (X). un nng (X) c cht hu c (Y) cha 2 nguyn t. Tm CTCT ca A, X, Y. Vit phng trnh phn ng. 2) Khi cho 1 hidrocacbon (A) tc dng vi Br 2 ch thu c mt dn xut (B) cha Br2 c t khi hi i vi khng kh l 5,207. a) Tm CTPT ca (A), (B) b) C, D l 2 ng phn v tr ca B. un nng mi cht B, C, D vi dung dch c KOH/C2H5OH th B khng thay i, trong khi C v D u cho cng sn phm E c CTPT l C5H10. Oxi ha E bng dung dch KMnO4 trong mi trng axit thi c 1 axit v 1 Xeton. Tm CTCT ca B, C, D, E v vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Cu 12.
1.Cho H2SO4 m c vo C2H5OH c mt cc ht ct nh trong mt bnh cu, un nng hn hp 1800c, dn kh thu c qua bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong, v sau cho qua bnh ng dung dch thuc tm. V sao phi dng nhng ht ct trong qu trnh un ? Hn hp trong bnh cu c mu g sau phn ng ? V sao phi cho kh sinh ra qua dung dch nc vi trong ? D on hin tng xy ra bnh ng dung dich thuc tm bit dng 18,4 g C 2H5OH v 50 g thuc tm. Hiu sut ca qu trnh tch nc l 75%. 2. Ba ng phn C5H12 c nhit si ln lt l 9,50C; 280C ; 360C . Hy cho bit cu to ca mi ng phn tng ng vi nhit si trn v sp xp 3 ng phn trn theo bn nhit phng. Gii thch ? Cu 13. 1 Khi cho isobutilen vo dung dch H2SO4 60%, un nng ti 80oC thu c hn hp gi tt l iisobutilen gm hai cht ng phn A v B (A chim t l cao hn B). Hiro ho hn hp ny c hp cht C quen gi l isooctan. C l cht c dng nh gi nhin liu lng. Xc nh A,B,C v vit c ch phn ng gii thch s to thnh A, B, C.
2.

A l mt anken. Sau khi ozon phn A cho sn phm hu c duy nht l CH 3CHO. Khi cho A cng hp brom trong bnh lm bng vt liu phn cc ch to ra sn phm l mt ng phn khng quang hot. Hy cho bit cu trc ca A v cu trc ca sn phm to thnh trong sn phm cng brom ca A. t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon A ri hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng nc vi trong, nhn thy khi lng bnh tng thm 26,24 g v 20 g kt ta. Lc kt ta, un si nc lc li thu c 10 g kt ta na. Khi cho cht A ng bng lng t trn phn ng ht vi kh Clo 300oc thu c hn hp kh C gm 4 dn xut cha clo ca A, l ng phn ca nhau vi hiu sut 100%. Hn hp C c t khi hi so vi H 2 nh hn 93. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A v tnh hm lng % ca mi cht trong C .

Bit t s tc phn ng th nguyn t H CI: CII :CIII = 1 : 3,3 : 4,4. Cu 14. 1. Cho 4 hp cht: but-1-in; 3,3-dimetyl but -1-in; etyl bromua v tert butyl bromua. Dng phn ng th ca ankin u mch vi NaNH2 trong NH3 lng, hy chn nhng hp cht thch hp t cc hp cht cho trn iu ch ra 2,2-dimetyl hex-3-in. Gii thch bng phng trnh phn ng? 2. un nng neopentyl iotua trong axit fomic (l dung mi c kh nng ion ha cao), phn ng chm to thnh sn phm chnh l 2-metyl but-2-en. Hy trnh by c ch phn ng. 3. Hidro ho mt cht X (C7H10) khng quang hot thu c cht Y (C7H16) cng khng quang hot c t l tng s nguyn t H trn cacbon bc hai vi tng s nguyn t H trn cacbon bc mt l 2:3. X tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 to kt ta v tc dng vi H2 c xc tc l Pd/PbCO3 to ra Z. Andehyt oxalic l mt trong cc sn phm c to thnh khi ozon phn Z. Xc nh cng thc cu to X, Y, Z. Vit phng trnh phn ng. Cu 15. 1. Phn ng th nguyn t halogen trong dn xut halogen bng nhm OH xy ra theo nhng c ch no? Trnh by c ch tng qut? 2. Cc phn ng sau y xy ra theo c ch no? Gii thch? Phn ng no xy ra nhanh hn trong tng cp sau y? Gii thch? a. (CH3)3CI + CH3OH (CH3)3COCH3 + HI (1) (CH3)3CCl + CH3OH b. (CH3)3CBr + H2O
c.

(CH3)3COCH3 + HCl (CH3)3COH + HBr


3

(2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

(CH3)3CBr + CH3OH (CH3)3COCH3 + HBr (CH3)3CCl (1M) + CH3O (0,01M) CH OH

CH 3OH

(CH3)3COCH3 + Cl (7) (8)

(CH3)3CCl (1M) + CH3O (0,001M) (CH3)3COCH3 + Cl d. (CH3)3CCl + H2O (CH3)3COH + HCl (CH3)2 C=CHCl + H2O (CH3)2C=CHOH + HCl

Cu 16. Tin hnh oxi ho hon ton 1 th tch hi ancol A cn 9 th tch O2 cng iu kin nhit , p sut, ri cho ton b sn phn hp th vo dung dch nc vi trong d thy khi lng bnh nc vi tng 3,9g v c 6g kt ta to thnh. em A phn tch ph th kt qu khng c tn hiu ca nhm -CH2-. A b oxi ho bi CuO to sn phm khng tham gia phn ng trng gng. 1. Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ancol A. 2. X l ancol A bng dung dch H3PO4 85% c un nng thu c B. zon phn B thu c axeton l sn phm hu c duy nht. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra v c ch ca phn ng t A to ra B. Cu 17. Mt hn hp kh X, gm hai ankan A, B k nhau trong dy ng ng v mt anken C c th tch bng 5,04 lt ( o ktc ) sc qua bnh ng nc brom th phn ng va vi 12,0g brom. 1.Xc nh cng thc phn t v thnh phn phn trm cc cht A, B v C c trong hn hp kh X, bit rng 11,6g hn hp kh X lm mt mu va 16,0g brom. 2.t chy hon ton 11,6g hn hp kh X, sn phm thu c sau phn ngc dn ht vo bnh Y cha 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,3M. Hi: Khi lng bnh Y tng ln hay gim xung? Bao nhiu gam? Tnh khi lng nhng cht c trong bnh Y Cu 18. Hp hp cht hu c A n chc c cha C, H, O trong %C = 40% v %H = 6,67%. Thc hin mt s phn ng sau vi hp cht (A).

Th nghim 1: Cho (A) vo ddNaOH to ra cht (B) v cht (C). Th nghim 2: Cho axit HCl vo (B) th to ra cht (D) Th nghim 3: Oxi ho (C) th cui cng cng to ra (D) a. Vit CTTN, CTPT (A) b. ngh CTCT (A) sao cho ph hp 3 th nghim trn c. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng cc th nghim 1, 2, 3 d. c tn theo danh php IUPAC cc cht A -> D e. Trnh by c ch phn ng th nghim (1) f. Vit phng trnh phn ng ca D vi H2SO4 , nng. Cu 19. a) ot hoan toan Hidro cacbon A cho VCO2 : V H 2O = 1,75 khi hoa tan 0,45 g A trong 50 g C6H6 th nhiet o soi (dd)= 80,355 OC (tsoi C6H6 =80,1OC). Xac nh CTPT cua A biet hang so nghiem soi la 2,61. b) Cho 20,7 g A phan ng hoan toan vi AgNO 3/NH3 d c 68,85 g ket tua. Mat khac A phan ng vi HCl cho B cha 59,66 % Clo trong phan t. Cho B phan ng vi Br 2/as, tO (t le mol 1:1) ch thu c 2 dan xuat Halogen.Viet CT cau tao cua A, B. Viet cac phan ng. c) ong phan D cua A khong lam nhat mau Br 2/CCl4 nhng phan ng c vi Br2/as va Br2/Fe,tO. Xac nh CTCT cua D va viet phng trnh phan ng. Cu 20 : Cu 4: Mt cht hu c A no mch h, phn t cha mt chc ru v cha chc COOH, c cng thc nguyn: (C4H6O5)n a. Xc nh cng thc phn t v vit cng thc cc ng phn c th c ca A b. Xc nh cu to ng ca A, bit A tch nc cho hai sn phm ng phn B, C. Vit cng thc cu to ca B, C. c. So snh nhit nng chy v nhit si ca B, C. Gii thch? d. So snh tnh axt gia B v C. Gii thch? Cu 21. Cho s chuyn ho: B A E F

C D A, B, C, D, E, F l cc hp cht hu c

- Cho bit A, D l hai hp cht k tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng. - A, B, E, D cho phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta Ag, trong lng Ag sinh ra t A nhiu hn so vi cc cht cn li. - A, B, C, D, E tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 (iu kin thch hp). Hy xc nh A, B, C, D, E, F v vit cc phng trnh phn ng.

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