TRIGONOMETRY

THE RIGHT TRIANGLE

B

Basic Properties. 1. cz = a2' + b2 (Pythagorean Theorem)

2.A+B+C=180o
3. AREA

A+B=90o

ab

l2

BASIC TRIGONOMETRIC

FU

NCTIONS

Sine

oooosite = ,---inypoienuse

Cos+;.
Q,an vvv

=-= - Sine

hvPotenuse oPPosite

uosine

=-hypot"*rr"

adiacent

Tanqent

oPPosite adtacent

"- : -C.osine '' 1 -

adjacent adjacent opposlte

Tangent

SinA=alc=Cos(90-A) CosA=b/c=Sin(90-A) TanA=alb=Cot(90-A)

CotA=ble=1/TanA SecA=clb=1/CosA CscA=cla=1/SinA

RELATIONS AMONG TP' sgNCMETRIC i:UNGTIONS

I

an A =-cos

SinA
='.'ec2,-.

Sin2A+Cos2A=1

Tan2A

*f

L)otzA+t=CsczA

FUNCTIONS OF COI,JIMC.' TRIANGLES

Sin30o=112

Sin45o=11{2

- .6/ 'Tan30o=i 'fr.

Cos 30" Sin 60o = r/-:

1Cos45o=1ti2
Tan 45o =
1

Cos600=112
Tan 600 = r/3 /
1

Angle of Elevatiolr

?r'; Angle of L*press;oi

angle between the . horizontal Angle of Deprersion - angle between tl horizontal rring Direction and Angle of Elevaiirn

\:z')

.i

anc .ne line of sight which is above the

ic'

.ntal

- j the line of sight which is below the

Direction Bearing

- t;

,:ngie of the path of a rnoving : rject referred from the standard directions

the angle of the line of sight on a st: directions

rary object referred from the standard

Sum and Difference of Two Angles

sin (c + F) = sin s cos F + cos o sin B sin (o - F) = sin q cos B _ cos o sin B cos (o + F) = cos q cos B _ sin o sin B cos (o- F) = cos q cos B + sin q sin

tan(q+B)

tan(o+F) = tans- tan F t + tanotan

R

Janq+tan F = 1-tanotan

Double Angle Formutas

sin20=2sin0cos0
cos 20 = cos20

sinz 0 = 1 _ 2 sin20 = 2 cos20 _ 1

tan 2o

,2 t?n 9 =1 - tan'9

Triple Angle Formulas

g - 4 sin30 cos30= 4cos3e-3cos0

sin 30 = 3 sin

tan3o=9ffi
tan el2_

Half Angle Formulas

sin 0/2

= ^/l-cose \--7-

1- cos0
sin 0

cos0/2= ^ll*coso \-- 2

Functions of
cos (- 0)

-g
cot(-o)= -cot
csc(-o)=
sec (- 0)

sin(-0) =-sine = cos 0 tan(-0) =-tan 0

Inverse Trigonometric Function

0 0 -csc 0

sec

lfsin0=x,

then:

0=Arcsinx=sin-l

where: 0=theangle
x = function Arc = means inverse

oblique Traingles ( one angle is more than

90o

or less than 1g0")

SINE LAW:
a .--_;SIN

coSlNE LAW: (use cosine law if 3 sides given or 2 sides and included angle is given)
a? = b2 + c2 -2bc cos A b2 = a2 + c2 -2ac cos B

c2=a2+b2-zabcosA

s--F

i
F

,'''

Radian measure/Ci rcular Measure

Radian

,/

- the measure

of an angle which, if its vertex is placed at the center of a circle, intercepts on the circumference an equal in length to the radius

Relation between radian, gradient and

degree:

1 deg = 60 min or 60' 180o= nt 1 min = 60 sec or 60' 1o = rr'l180o = 0.017453 ' 90 deg - 100 grad 1'=180Yn = 57o17'44.8" nrad = 180deg 360o = 2

Radian measure of an angle:

O(rad) =

S/r
where: 0 = central angle ( in radians)
S = arc length r = radius of the circle

Angular Velocity

(r,)=
Linear Velocity

0/t

where: u) = angular velocity (in radians per unit time) t '= time where: v = linearvelocity

v=r0)

Area of sector = T, r2 e
Area of segment = Y"

(O

sin 0)

where : 0 is in radians

Polygons
3 4 5 6 7

sides - triangle sides - Quadrangle sides - Pentagon sides - Hexagon sides - Heptagon ( Septagon

8 sides - Octagon 9 sides - Nonagon 10 sides - Decagon 12 sides - Dodecagon 15 sides - Quindecagon

Formulas:

1. Sum of interior 2. Each lnterior Angle (

Angles
e
u

$ = (n-2)

), regular

)180o polygon e - ( n-2 n

1800

3. Number of Diagonal

n( n-3 ) =--i--=z

wnere: n = no. of sides

Logarithms The logarithms of a number to a given base is the exponent of the power to which the base must be raised to yield the number. loguy=x where: a* = y Types of Logarithms:

' 1. Common Logarithms - logarithms to the base 10 LogY=x where: 10"=Y