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GROUP PROPERTIES
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
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The Periodic Table is a list of elements arranged in order of their
increasing proton (atomic) numbers.
The Periodic Table divides the elements into periods and groups.
a) Periods
b) Groups
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c) Transition Elements
Figure 2 showing the positions of metals and non-metals in the Periodic Table.
The Periodic Table divides the elements into metals and non-
metals. The bold line in Figure 2 divides the metals from the non-
metals.
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elements have the properties of both a metal and non-metal.
Silicon and germanium are known as metalloids.
The oxides of metals are usually basic and the oxides of non-
metals are usually acidic.
The oxides of metals close to the dividing line have basic and
acidic properties, i.e. they are amphoteric. Examples of these
oxides are Beryllium oxide and Aluminium oxide.
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Electronic structure and group number:
The number of valence electrons (outer shell electrons) is the same
as the group number of the elements.
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The elements in Groups I, II and II are metals.
-their atoms lose electrons to form positive ions, e.g. Na+
- The charge of the ion is the same as the group number of the
elements.
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GROUP I ELEMENTS – ALKALI METALS
Group I elements are called alkali metals because they react with
water to form alkalis.
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The elements have low densities. Lithium, sodium and potassium
float on water.
The alkali metals are reactive metals. They are stored in oil to
prevent them from reacting with air and water.
All the alkali metals react with cold water to form hydrogen and
an alkali.
⇒ If a drop of the solution is placed on a piece of red litmus
paper after the reaction, what will be colour of the litmus
paper?
Blue
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How do the chemical properties change on going
down Group I?
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The elements in Group VII of the Periodic Table are called
halogens.
The elements in the group are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine
(Br), iodine (I) and astatine (At).
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- The valence shell of each halogen contains seven valence
electrons. This means that only one more electron is needed to
achieve a stable noble gas structure.
Displacement Reactions
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⇒ Write down the chemical reaction of chlorine displacing
iodine from an iodide solution of potassium iodide and take
note of the colour changes.
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- are monatomic elements
- are all colourless gases at room temperature.
- have low melting and boiling points that increase on going
down the group.
- are insoluble in water.
- are unreactive.
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2) coloured compounds
- solutions of their ions in water are always coloured. E.g. a blue
solution suggest that copper ions, Cu2+ , are present.
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WORKSHEET 1
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WORKSHEET 3
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WORKSHEET 3
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