Cu 1 : Cho hai nguyn t c cu hnh electron nguyn t l: + Nguyn t X : 1s22s22p63s2 + Nguyn t Y : 1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2 X v Y c thuc cng mt nhm nguyn t khng

? Gii thch Hai nguyn t ny cch nhau bao nhiu nguyn t ho hc? C cng chu k khng?.

Cu 2 :Nguyn t X chu k 3,nhm VA ca bng tun hon. a) Vit cu hnh electron ca X. b)Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nguyn t cng nhm thuc hai chu k k tip ( trn v di ) . Gii thch ti sao li vit c nh vy. Cu 3 : Cho nguyn t X c Z = 30 a)Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t X b)Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nguyn t cng chu k,thuc hai nhm lin tip (trc v sau) vi nguyn t X v hy gii thch v sao li vit c nh vy. Cu 4 : Cho hai nguyn t X v Y hai lin tip nhau trong mt chu k ca bng HTTH v c tng s proton bng 27. Hy vit cu hnh electron nguyn t v xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH. Cu 5 : Cho hai nguyn t A,B ng k tip nhau trong bng HTTH v c tng s n v in tch ht nhn l 37. a)C th khng nh A,B thuc cng mt chu k khng? Xc nh ZA ,ZB . b)Xc nh v tr ca A, B trong bng TH .Cho bit A,B l kim loi ,phi kim,hay kh him? Cu 6 : Cho 1,2 gam mt kim loi thuc nhm IIA trong bng HTTH tc dng vi HCl thu c 0,672 lt kh (ktc).Tm kim loi ,vit cu hnh electron nguyn t,nu r v tr trong bng HTTH. Cu 7 : Cho 0,78 gam mt kim loi nhm IA tc dng vi HCl thu c 0,224 lt kh thot ra (ktc).nh tn kim loi . Cu 8 : Khi cho 5,4 gam mt kim loi M tc dng vi oxi khng kh thu c 10,2 gam 1 oxit M2O3. Tm tn kim loi M. Cu 9 : A l nguyn t chu k 3.Hp cht ca A vi cacbon cha 25 % cacbon v khi lng ,v khi lng phn t ca hp cht l 144 u.nh tn nguyn t A,cng thc phn t ca hp cht . Cu 10 : Mt nguyn t B to thnh 2 loi oxit c cng thc AOx v AOy ln lt cha 50% v 60% oxi v khi lng.Xc nh nguyn t B v cng thc phn t hai oxit. Cu 11 : Cho 8,8 gam hn hp 2 kim loi thuc hai chu k lin tip nhau v thuc nhm IIIA, tc dng vi HCl d th thu c 6,72 lt kh hiro (ktc). Da vo bng tun hon cho bit tn hai kim loi . Cu 12 : Hp cht A c cng thc MXx trong M chim 46,67% khi lng (M l kim loi, X l phi kim chu k 3). Trong ht nhn M c s ntron nhiu hn s proton 4 ht, cn X c s proton bng s ntron. Tng s ht proton ca A l 58. Xc nh M,X,A.

Cu 13 : X v Y l 2 nguyn t u c hp cht kh vi H l XHa v YHa . Khi lng mol cht ny gp 2 ln khi lng mol cht kia. Khi lng phn t 2 oxit cao nht ca X v Y (X 2Ob v Y2Ob) hn km nhau 34 u. a)X,Y l kim loi hay phi kim. b)Xc nh tn X,Y v cng thc phn t cc hp cht ca X,Y. Cu 14 : Tng s ht mang in trong ion AB32 bng 82. S ht mang in trong ht nhn ca nguyn t A nhiu hn s ht mang in trong ht nhn ca nguyn t B l 8. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t A,B. Vit cu hnh electron ca 2 nguyn t A,B. Xc nh v tr nguyn t A v B trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc. Cu 15 : X,Y l 2 halogen (thuc nhm VIIA) 2 chu k lin tip . Ha tan 16,15 gam hn hp NaX v NaY vo nc sau cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu c 33,15 gam kt ta. Xc nh tn ca X,Y v phn trm khi lng mi mui trong hn hp u. Cu 16 : Hp cht M to thnh t cation X+ v anion Y3. mi ion u do 5 nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t phi kim to nn.Bit tng s proton trong X+ l 11 v trong Y3 l 47. Hai nguyn t trong Y3 thuc 2 chu k lin tip c s th t cch nhau 7 n v. Hy xc nh cng thc ha hc ca M. Cu 17 : X,Y l 2 nguyn t cng 1 nhm A thuc 2 chu k k tip nhau trong bng tun hon. Tng s ht proton, electron v ntron trong Y l 55 trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 1,75 ln. Hy xc nh s hiu nguyn t X,Y v s khi ca Y. Cu 18 : A,B,X l 3 nguyn t phi kim .Tng s ht proton, ntron,electron trong phn t AX2 l 52. S ht mang in ca AY2 nhiu hn s ht mang in ca AX2 l 28 ht. Phn t X2Y c tng s ht proton,electron v ntron l 28 trong s ht mang in bng 2,5 ln s ht khng mang in. a)Xc nh in tch ht nhn v s khi ca A,X,Y. b)Xc nh v tr ca A,B,X trong bng tun hon. Cu 19 : C hp cht MX3 trong : Tng s proton, ntron, elctron l 196. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. S khi ca M nh hn s khi ca X l 8. Tng s proton, ntron, elctron trong X nhiu hn trong ion M3+ l 16. Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng tun hon Cu 20 : X,Y,Z l 3 nguyn t phi kim ln lt nhm VA, VIA, VIIA. Oxit cao nht ca X c s ht mang in gp 2,5 ln s ht mang in ca oxit cao nht ca Y. S ht mang in ca oxit cao nht ca Z nhiu hn ln s ht mang in ca oxit cao nht ca Y l 28. S ht mang in ca 3 nguyn t X,Y,Z bng s ht mang in ca oxit cao nht ca Y. Xc nh s th t ca X,Y,Z Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t A c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 48, trong s ht mang in gp hai ln s ht khng mang in. Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nguyn t A. Xc nh v tr ca A trong bng h thng tun hon. ( thi tuyn sinh trng C Giao thng vn ti 2004)

Cho 3 nguyn t A, B, D (ZA < ZB < ZC). - A, B cng mt phn nhm chnh v 2 chu k kin tip trong bng tun hon. - B, D l 2 nguyn t k cn nhau trong 1 chu k. - Tng s proton trong 2 ht nhn A, B l 24. Xc nh A, B, D v v tr ca A, B, D trong bng h thng tun hon Mt hp cht cu to t cation M+ v anion X2-. Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht p, n, e l 140. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44 ht. S khi ca ion M+ ln hn s khi ca ion X2- l 23. Tng s ht trong ion M+ nhiu hn trong ion X2- l 31. a)Vit cu hnh electron cc ion M+ v X2-. b)Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng tun tun hon. ( thi ngh Olympic 30/4/2004 ca trng THPT Mc nh Chi TP H Ch Minh) Bi 4: Hp cht A c to thnh t cation X+ v anion Y-. Phn t A cha 9 nguyn t, gm 3 nguyn t phikim. T l s nguyn t ca mi nguyn t l 2:3:4. Tng s proton trong A l 42 v trong ion Y- cha 2 nguyn t cng chu k, thuc hai phn nhn chnh lin tip. Xc nh cng thc ho hc v gi tn A. ( thi ngh Olympic 30/4/2004 ca trng THPT chuyn Hong L Kha Ty Ninh) Bi 5: Hp cht A c cng thc phn t M2X. Tng s ht trong A l 116, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 36. Khi lng nguyn t X ln hn M l 9. Tng s 3 loi ht trong X2- nhiu hn trong M+ l 17. a) Xc nh M, X. b) Cho 2,34g hp cht A tc dng vi dd M(NO3)2 thu 2,8662g kt ta B. Xc nh nguyn t lng M. Nguyn t M c 2 ng v Y, Z. Bit tng s khi l 128, s nguyn t ca ng v Y bng 0,37 s guyn t ca ng v Z. Xc nh s khi ca Y, Z. ( thi ngh Olympic 30/4/2000 ca trng THPT Hng Vng- TP H Ch Minh) Bi 6: Mt hp cht A c cng thc MX2, trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. M l mt kim loi, X l phi kim chu k 3. Trong ht nhn M c n - p=4, trong ht nhn ca X c n=p. Tng s proton trong MX2 l 58. Hy xc nh M,X v v tr ca chng trong bng h thng tun hon. ( thi ngh Olympic 30/4/2000-lp 11-Trng THPT Hng Vng TP H Ch Minh) Bi 7: Hp cht A to thnh t cation R+ v anion Q2-. Mi ion u do 5 nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t to nn. Tng s proton trong R+ l 11, tng s electron trong Q2- l 50. Xc nh cng thc phn t v gi tn A, bit hai nguyn t trong Q2- thuc cng mt phn nhm, hai chu k lin tip. ( thi ngh Olympic 30/4/2000-lp 11-Trng THPT chuyn Trn Hng o-Bnh Thun) Bi 8: Khi lng phn t ca 3 kim loi A, B, C (u c ho tr II) lp thnh cp s cng c cng sai l 16. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca 3 ht nhn nguyn t 3 nguyn t A, B, C l 120. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ba mui cacbonat ca ba kim loi trn. Vit phng trnh cho ba mui trn tc dng vi dd HNO3 long. ( thi ngh Olympic 30/4/2000-lp 11-Trng THPT chuyn tnh Bc Liu) Bi 9: Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca hai nguyn t M v X ln lt bng 82 v 52. M v X to thnh hp cht MXa, trong phn t c tng s proton bng 77. Xc nh M, X v cng thc phn t ca MXa. ( thi Olympic Ho hc ngy 04/11/1998 Tnh Bc Giang) Bi 10: Hai nguyn t A, B to thnh hp cht X. Khi t nng n 800oC, hp cht X to ra n cht A. S electron ho tr trong nguyn t nguyn t A bng s lp electron nguyn t nguyn t B. S electron ho

tr trong nguyn t nguyn t B bng s lp electron nguyn t nguyn t A, in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca B gp 7 ln ca A. Xc nh A, B v cng thc phn t hp cht X. ( thi Olympic Ho hc ngy 04/11/1998 Tnh Bc Giang Bi 11: X, Y, R, A, B theo th t l 5 nguyn t lin tip trong bng h thng tun hon. Tng in tch ht nhn l 90 (X c s in tch ht nhn nh nht). a. Xc nh X, Y, R, A, B. b.Vit cu hnh electron X2-, Y-, R, A+, B2+. So snh bn knh ca chng v gii thch. ( thi Olympic Ho hc Thnh ph Nng) Bi 12: Ba nguyn t X, Y, Z trong cng mt chu k c tng s hiu nguyn t l 39. S hiu nguyn t ca Y bng trung bnh cng s hiu nguyn t ca X v Z. Nguyn t ca ba nguyn t trn hu nh khng phn ng vi nc nhit thng. a. Xc nh v tr ca cc nguyn t trn trong bng h thng tun hon, tnh cht c bn v gi tn tng nguyn t. b.So snh m in, bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t . ( thi Ho hc phn v c v i cng ngy 30/11/1998 i hc quc gia thnh ph H Ch Minh Trng THPT Nng khu) Bi 13: a. Tm hai nguyn t A, B hai chu k lin tip nhau c tng s in tch ht nhn nguyn t bng 23. b. Bit A, B hai phn nhm chnh lin tip, rt d tc dng vi nhau to thnh hp cht X. Xc nh nguyn t lng A, B (B c nguyn t lng ln hn A). ( thi Olympic Ho hc Tnh Sc Trng) Bi 14: A v B l 2 nguyn t nm trong 2 phn nhm chnh lin tip, c tng s ht proton l 25 A thuc nhm VI, n cht A khng tc dng c vi n cht B nhit thng. a.Vit cu hnh electron ca A, B. b.Xc nh v tr v tnh cht c bn ca A, B trong bng h thng tun hon. c.Cho bit cc hp cht c to ra t A, B; cc hp cht c to ra t A, B v hidro. Bi 15: Hp cht Z c to bi 2 nguyn t M v R c cng thc l MaRb. Trong R chim 6,67% v khi lng. Trong ht nhn nguyn t M c s ht ntron bng s ht proton cng thm 4, cn trong ht nhn nguyn t R c s proton bng s ntron. Tng s ht proton trong phn t ca Z l 84 v a + b = 4. Xc nh M, R v cng thc phn t hp cht Z. Bi 16: Phn t X cu to t cc ion u c cu hnh electron ca nguyn t kh him Ar. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong phn t l 164. Xc nh X. Bi 17: Bit tng s ht c bn ca mt nguyn t ca nguyn t ca nguyn t X trong 82 nguyn t u bng tun hon l: Z + N + E = a. Hy trnh by phng php bin lun xc nh nguyn t X. Hy xc nh nguyn t X bit: a) a = 13 b) a = 21 c) a = 34 ( Bi tp l thuyt v thc nghim Ha hc ) Bi 18:

X v Y l hai nguyn t nm k tip nhau trong mt phn nhm chnh ca bng h thng tun hon ( dng ngn ). Tng s proton trong hai ht nhn ca chng bng 58. a) Hy vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t X v Y b) T hy xc nh v tr ca X v Y trong bng tun hon. ( Bi tp l thuyt v thc nghim Ha hc Bi 19: A v B l 2 nguyn t nm trong hai phn nhm chnh k tip nhau trong bng tun hon (dng ngn ). Bit A thuc nhm VI v tng s ht proton trong hai ht nhn ca A v B l 25, n cht A tc dng c vi n cht B a) Hy vit cu hnh electron ca A v B b) Xc nh v tr ca A v B trong bng tun hon. ( Bi tp l thuyt v thc nghim Ha hc ) Bi 20: Mt hp cht ion cu to t ion M2+ v ion X-. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong phn t MX2 l 186 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 54 ht. S khi ca ion M2+ nhiu hn trong X l 21. Tng s ht proton, notron, electron trong M2+ nhiu hn trong X l 27 ht. Vit cu hnh electron ca cc ion M2+, X-. Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng tun hon. ( Bi tp l thuyt v thc nghim Ha hc ) Bi 21: Hp cht M c to nn t cation X+ v anion Y3 - , mi ion u do 5 nguyn t ca hai nguyn t phi kim to nn. Bit tng s proton trong X+ l 11 v trong Y 3 l 47. Hai nguyn t trong Y 3 thuc 2 chu k k tip nhau trong bng h thng tun hon v c s th t cch nhau 7 n v. a) Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca M. b) M t bn cht cc kin kt trong phn t M. ( Bi tp l thuyt v thc nghim Ha hc Bi 22: Mt nguyn t R c 3 ng v X, Y ,Z ; bit tng s cc ht c bn ( n, p, e ) trong 3 ng v bng 129, s ntron ng v X hn ng v Y mt ht. ng v Z c s proton bng s ntron. a) Xc nh in tch ht nhn nguyn t v khi lng ca 3 ng v X, Y, Z b) Bit 752,875 . 1020 nguyn t R c khi lng m-gam. T l nguyn t cc ng v nh sau: Z : Y= 2769 : 141 v Y : X = 611 : 390. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca R v tnh m. ( Bi tp l thuyt v thc nghim Ha hc ) Bi 23: C 3 nguyn t A, B, C vi ZA < ZB < ZC ( Z l in tch ht nhn). Bit:Tch ZA.ZB.ZC = 952 T s ( ZA + ZC ) / ZB = 3 Nguyn t C c electron cui cng ng vi b 4 s lng t: n = 3, l = 1, m = 0, mS = - a) Vit cu hnh electron ca C. Xc nh v tr ca C trong bng h thng tun hon t suy ra nguyn t C
b) Tnh ZA, ZB. Suy ra nguyn t A, B c) Xc nh trng thi vt l ca hp cht vi Hir ca A, B, C. gii thch s khc nhau gia cc trng thi ny. d) Hp cht X to bi 3 nguyn t A, B , C c cng thc ABC. Vit cng thc cu to ca X v gi tn X. e) trng thi lng, X c tnh dn in. Cho bit X c hnh thnh bng lin kt g? ( Bi tp l thuyt v thc nghim Ha hc ) Bi 24: a) Trong mt nguyn t trung ho in c 6 electron, khi lng nguyn t bng 12 vC. Tnh s proton, ntron trong nguyn t . b)Trong mt nguyn t, tng s ht mang in l 26, khi lng ht nhn l 27 vC. Tnh

s proton, ntron, v khi lng ca nguyn t . ( Bi tp nng cao ho hc ) Bi 25: Mt nguyn t khi mt bt electron bin thnh ion dng. Khi nhn thm electron bin thnh ion m. Tri tuyt i ca in tch ion bng ng s electron m nguyn t mt i hay nhn thm. Cho hai ion R4+ v R4. S ntron trong hai ion ny u bng 14. s electron trong ion R4+ bng 10. Hy vit k hiu ht nhn ca hai ion . Tnh s electron trong nguyn t trung ho in R v trong ion R4. ( Bi tp nng cao ho hc ) Bi 26: Mt nguyn t k hiu l R c tng s cc ht proton, ntron, electron bng 24. a) Vit k hiu ht nhn ca nguyn t v gi tn nguyn t , b) Vit cu hnh electrpn ca nguyn t v ca ion R2 . c) Cho bit trong nguyn t c bao nhiu obital c electron chim gi. ( Bi tp nng cao ho hc ) Bi 27: Cho hai nguyn t A v A c s khi ln lt bng 79 v 81. Hiu s gia s ntron v s electron trong nguyn t A l 9 cn trong nguyn t B l 11 a) Cho bit A v A c phi l ng v vi nhau hay khng? b) Nu trn ln hai loi nguyn t A v A theo t l l: .th tp hp cc nguyn t thu c c khi lng nguyn t trung bnh bng bao nhiu? c) Tp hp cc nguyn t c phi l mt nguyn t ho hc hay khng. Nu l mt nguyn t th guyn t chim v tr no trong bng HTTH? ( Bi tp nng cao ho hc ) Bi 28: Cho hp cht c dng MX , M l kim loi X l phi kim . Tng p , n , e trong MX l 96. Trong tng ht mang in ln hn tng s ht khng mang in l 16 . Tng s ht trong X ln hn tng s ht trong M l 18. Tng s ht trong ht nhn X ln hn tng s ht trong ht nhn M l. 1. Xc nh s th t ca X , M .Gi tn MX 2. Vit phng trnh iu ch MX. Bi 29: C 5 nguyn t A , B , C , D , E lin tip nhau trong bng tun hon nguyn t (c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca s th t bit rng tng s hiu nguyn t ca chng l 90 . Xc nh nguyn t . Bi 30: C 2 nguyn t X , Y m s th t ca X > Y s pX > pY 8 ht. Mt khc tng p , n , e ca X l 54 trong tng s ht mang in ln hn ht khng mang in 1,7 ln . Hy gi tn X , YBi 31:

Cho hp cht MX3 trong M l kim loi v X l phi kim. Phn t MX3 c tng s p, n , e l 196 trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. S ht mang in trong M nh hn s ht trong X l 8. 1. Xc nh s th t ca M v X . Gi tn MX3 2. Vit mt s phng trnh iu ch MX3 Bi 32: C 2 nguyn t A ,B nm hai nhm lin tip c tng proton trong ht nhn l 25 m trong zA < zB huc nhm VI A 1. Gi tn A v B 2. Vit cng thc cc xit cha ng thi Hydr A v B Bi 33: C 2 nguyn t A v B bit hiu s v s proton trong ht nhn bng 6. Tng s proton v s notron ca A v B l 92 . Xc nh s th t z ca A , B m zA > zB 1. Gi tn A, B 2. Nu r v tr ca A , B trn bng h thng tun hon v nu ln tnh cht ging v khc nhau v cu to v.

Bi 34: Tnh t s khi lng nguyn t c x proton, y notron v x electron vi khi lng ht nhn ca nguyn t . Rt ra kt lun . Bi 35: C 3 nguyn t A , B , C cng trong phn nhm chnh A v c 3 nguyn t ny u thuc 3 chu k lin tip. Tng ht p ca A , B , C bng 70. Gi tn cc nguyn t A , B , C. Bi 36: Cho ion m AB3 2- c tng e bng 32 trong A cng nh B c s p bng s n . Gi tn cc nguyn t A , B. Gii thch s hnh thnh ion A v B

MT S BI TP TNG HP
Bi 1:Nguyn t Y c tng s ht l 46.S ht khng mang in bng 8/15 s ht khng mang in.Z l ng v ca Y c s ntron t hn 1 n v. Z chim 4% s nguyn t trong t nhin.Xc nh s khi lng trung bnh ca nguyn t ca hai ng v trn.Vit k hiu nguyn t ca hai ng v. Bi 2:Nguyn t clo c hai ng v. Bit s lng nguyn t ca ng v th nht gp 3 ln s nguyn t ca ng v 2 v ng v th hai nhiu hn ng v th nht 2 ntron. Xc nh s khi ca hai ng v. Bi 3: Nguyn t X c hai ng v.ng v th nht c tng s ht l 18, ng v th hai c tng s ht l 20. Bit rng phn trm ca hai ng v l nh nhau v cc loi ht trong ng v th nht cng bng nhau. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X. Bi 4:Nguyn t ng c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 63,54.ng c hai ng v c tng s khi l 128. S nguyn t ca ng v th hai bng 0,37 ln s nguyn t ca ng v 2. Xc nh s khi ca hai ng v. Bi 5: Mg c hai ng v l X v Y.ng v X c s khi l 24.ng v Y hn ng v X 1 ntron.T l s nguyn t X: Y = 3:2 . Xc inh NTK TB? Bi 6:Nguyn t X c ba ng v l AX, BX, CX vi t l s phn trm nguyn t tng ng l 92,28; 4,67 v 3,05. Tng s khi ca ba ng v l l 87.S ntron ng v 3 hn ng v 1 l 2.Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t X l 28,1. Tnh s khi ca mi ng v. Bit rng s ntron trong ng v th nht bng s proton.Xc nh s ntron mi ng v. Bi 7 :Tng s ht bng 80.Xc nh A, p, n, e. V d 8: Nguyn t X trong t nhin c hai ng v vi t l s nguyn t l 27/23.Ht nhn ng v th nht cha 35 ntron v 44 proton.Ht nhn ng v th hai nhiu hn ng v th nht 2 ntron.Tnh NTKTB