Ans 8: Management information systems combine hardware, software and network products in an integrated solution that provides managers

with data in a format suitable for analysis, monitoring, decision-making and reporting. The system collects data, stores it in a database and makes it available to users over a secure network. Information Access Managers need rapid access to information to make decisions about strategic, financial, marketing and operational issues. Companies collect vast amounts of information, including customer records, sales data, market research, financial records, manufacturing and inventory data, and human resource records. However, much of that information is held in separate departmental databases, making it difficult for decision makers to access data quickly. A management information system simplifies and speeds up information retrieval by storing data in a central location that is accessible via a network. The result is decisions that are quicker and more accurate. Data Collection Management information systems bring together data from inside and outside the organization. By setting up a network that links a central database to retail outlets, distributors and members of a supply chain, companies can collect sales and production data daily, or more frequently, and make decisions based on the latest information. Collaboration In situations where decision-making involves groups, as well as individuals, management information systems make it easy for teams to make collaborative decisions. In a project team, for example, management information systems enable all members to access the same essential data, even if they are working in different locations. Interpretation Management information systems help decision-makers understand the implications of their decisions. The systems collate raw data into reports in a format that enables decision-makers to quickly identify patterns and trends that would not have been obvious in the raw data. Decision-makers can also use management information systems to understand the potential effect of change. A sales manager, for example, can make predictions about the effect of a price change on sales by running simulations within the system and asking a number of what if the price was questions. Presentation The reporting tools within management information systems enable decision-makers to tailor reports to the information needs of other parties. If a decision requires approval by a senior executive, the decision-maker can create a brief executive summary for review. If managers want to share the detailed findings of a report with colleagues, they can create full reports and provide different levels of supplementary data Ans : 9 Prerequisites of MIS 1. Should give valid information. 2. Should be management information system. 3. Should support the decisions taken. 4. Should be a unified system. 5. Should not be a manipulated information system. 6. Should be very accurate in nature, 7. Also should be quick in nature. 8. Should be compatible. 9. Should be beneficial. 10. Should be cost effective in nature. 11. Principle of selectivity must be brought into use. 12. Should bring into use the principle of control by exception.

13. Must involve the users. 14. User orientation should be an integral part. (i) Qualified System and Management Staff : The prerequisite of an effective MIS is that it should be managed by qualified officers. These officers should have a mutual understanding about the roles and responsibilities of each other and be understand clearly the view of their fellow officers. For this, each organization should have two categories of officers : a) System andComputer Expertswho in addition to their expertise in their subject area , they should also be capable of understanding management concepts to facilitate the understanding of problems asked by concern. They should also be clear about the process of decision making and information requirements for planning. (b) Management experts who should also understand quiteclearly the concepts and operations of a computer. This basic knowledge of computer will be useful will place them in a comfortable position, while working with systems, technicians in designing or other wise, of the information system. (ii) Futuristic Perspective : An effective MIS should be capable of meeting the future requirements of its executives as well. This capability can be achieved by regular monitoring and updating the MIS. (iii) Support of Top Management : For a management information system to be effective, it must receive the full support of top management. The Reasons for this are : (a) Subordinate managers are usually lethargic about activities which do not receive the support of their superiors. (b) The resources involved in computer based information system are larger and are growing larger and larger in view of importance gained by management information system. (iv) Common Database : It is an integrated collection of data and information which is utilized by several information subsystems of an organization. A common database may be defined as a super file which consolidates and integrates data records formerly stored in a separate data file. Such a database can be organized as an integrated collection of data records into a single super file or it can be organized as an integrated collection of several data file. (v) Control and maintenance of MIS : Control of the MIS means the operation of the system as it was designed to operate. Some times, users develop their own procedures or short cut methods to use the system which reduces its effectiveness. Ans 11:The subsystem is where work is processed on the system. A subsystem is a single, predefined operating environment through which the system coordinates the work flow and resource use. The system can contain several subsystems, all operating independently of each other. Subsystems manage resources. All jobs, with the exception of system jobs, run within subsystems. Each subsystem can run unique operations. For instance, one subsystem may be set up to handle only interactive jobs, while another subsystem handles only batch jobs. Subsystems can also be

designed to handle many types of work. The system allows you to decide the number of subsystems and what types of work each subsystem will handle. The run-time characteristics of a subsystem are defined in an object called a subsystem description. For example, if you want to permanently change the amount of work (number of jobs) coming from a job queue into a subsystem you only need to change the job queue entry in the subsystem description. The controlling subsystem The controlling subsystem is the interactive subsystem that starts automatically when the system starts, and it is the subsystem through which the system operator controls the system via the system console. It is identified in the Controlling subsystem/library (QCTLSBSD) system value. Why consider multiple subsystems As the number of users on the system increases, a single subsystem for a set of work is often insufficient. By dividing your users into multiple subsystems you gain several advantages. Subsystem description A subsystem description is a system object that contains information defining the characteristics of an operating environment controlled by the system. The systemrecognized identifier for the object type is *SBSD. A subsystem description defines how, where, and how much work enters a subsystem, and which resources the subsystem uses to perform the work. An active subsystem takes on the simple name of the subsystem description. How a subsystem starts When a subsystem starts, the system allocates several items and starts autostart and prestart jobs before the subsystem is ready for work. Ans12: Application of MIS in Banking A bank acts as a place, where the financial services are offered, which may include provision for the retail banking, investment banking, personnel banking etc. The factors which the customers consider before choosing a particular bank can be summarized as follows a. The ease of doing the business. b. The quality of the personnel and the service. c. The range of the financial services. The following points should necessarily be addressed during the designing of an MIS for a bank a. Customer database The factors which greatly influence the service expectations and the perceptions can be summarized as follows i. Customer ii. iii. Range of the iv. Class v. Working hours service which of is being or the is to Operator be provided customers

b. Service to the account holders The Management Information Systems must give the following reports to the management: i. The non moving account. ii. The account with the balance more than say Rs. 50,000/iii. The account going down below the minimum balance. iv. The routine payments not made. v. The routine credits not arrived. vi. The defaults on loan repayment. vii. The delays on crediting cheques amounts. viii. A sudden rise and fall in the account movement. c. Service for business promotions The Management Information Systems should lay a great stress on the collection of the data from the various sources, in order to analyze and conclude the future business strategy. With the help of such information, banker is able to move out to talk to the customer and as a result of this; he is also able to get some type of business for the bank. So it can be said that it is very important to have an in depth knowledge about the trend in the business industry.