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Science Form 1 note

SMART STUDY - GOOD LUCK

Teacher zaidi@maher2010

CHAPTER 5: AIR Why is air a mixture ? The composition of air is not fixed. It changes according to the time of the day, the conditions of environment and humans activities. 3. For example, The air in a place which is crowded with people has a higher content of a carbon dioxide than the air in a less crowded place. The air in a jungle has a higher content of oxygen than the air in an industrial area. The content of water vapour in the air is higher in the morning than in the afternoon. 4. All these examples show that the percentage the components of air is not always the same. 5. Therefore, we can say that air is a mixture. 1. 2.

THE PROPERTIES OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE. What are the properties of oxygen and carbon dioxide? 1. 2. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are two of most important gases in the air. Table below shows the properties of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen Slightly soluble. Carbon dioxide Slightly soluble.

Properties Solubility in water.

Science Form 1 note

SMART STUDY - GOOD LUCK

Teacher zaidi@maher2010

Solubility in sodium hydroxide solution. Effect on glowing wooden splinter.

Not soluble. The splinter ignites. Oxygen supports burning. Splinter burns more brightly. Oxygen supports burning. Oxygen has no effect on blue litmus paper and red litmus paper. Oxygen is a neutral gas.

Effect on burning wooden splinter.

Effect on moist blue litmus paper and red litmus paper.

Effect on lime water. Effect on bicarbonate indicator.

No change No change

Very soluble The splinter goes out. Carbon dioxide does not support burning. Splinter goes out. Carbon dioxide does not support burning. Blue litmus paper : Changes to red. Red litmus paper : No change of colour. Carbon dioxide is an acidic gas. Lime water turns cloudy. Changes the colour of bicarbonate indicator from red to yellow.

Science Form 1 note

SMART STUDY - GOOD LUCK

Teacher zaidi@maher2010

OXYGEN IS NEEDED IN RESPIRATION 1. 2. 3. 4. The process whereby our body obtains energy from food is called respirations. Respirations takes place in the cells of our body. Oxygen is needed for respiration to take place. The products of respirations are energy, carbon dioxide and water vapour.

OXYGEN IS NEEDED FOR COMBUSTION 1. Combustion is a chemical reaction which takes place when fuel combines with oxygen. 2. Fuel is a substance which can burn. For example : a. Carbon like charcoal, coal and firewood. b. Hydrocarbon like diesel, kerosene, gasoline (petrol), candle and natural gas. 3. The product of fuel combustion : a. Carbon. Carbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + light energy + heat energy. Hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbon + oxygen -------- carbon dioxide + water + light energy + heat energy.

b.

AIR POLLUTION 1. Air pollution refers to the presence of foreign particles in air which can affect the quantity of air and the health of living things. The sources and effects of air pollutants.

2.

Science Form 1 note

SMART STUDY - GOOD LUCK

Teacher zaidi@maher2010

Air pollutant Smoke particles and soot.

Dust

Sources Cigarette smoke. Smoke from motor vehicles. Burning of rubbish. Burning of fossil fuels. Forest fires Construction sites Cement plants Cigarette smoke Smoke from motor vehicles Burning of coal

Effects Cause breathing difficulties. Make the eyes feel uncomfortable. Causes lung cancer, coughing and asthma. Causes tiredness, headache, brain damage and death. Damages lung cells Forms acid rain that damages metallic structures and kills aquatic life Kills plants Form acid rain

Carbon monoxide

Sulphur dioxide

Oxides of nitrogen

Smoke from motor vehicles

3. Steps to control air pollution. (pg.74) THE IMPORTANCE OF KEEPING THE AIR CLEAN 1. 2. Air is one of the basic needs of life. We would all suffer in many ways if they we no clean air for us to breath: It is unpleasant to smell dirty air. We may have breathing difficulties. We may cough continuosly.

Science Form 1 note

SMART STUDY - GOOD LUCK

Teacher zaidi@maher2010

3.

4.

We may get lung diseases. We can help to keep the air clean by doing the following : Using public transport. Using unleaded fuel. Enforcing anti-air pollution laws. Planting trees around the house. Habits to keep the air clean : Do not smoke. Turn off the car engine while waiting for someone. Cycle or walk for short distance trips. Practice car-pooling.

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