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Summary 95
Introduction 96
Required Solution 96
FEM Solutions 96
General Analysis Tips 101
Input File(s) 101
Video 101
CHAPTER 4 95
3-D Loaded Pin with Friction
Summary
Title Chapter 4: 3-D Loaded Pin with Friction
Contact features • Receding contact area
• Curved contact surfaces
• Deformable-deformable contact
• Friction along the contact surface
Geometry 3-D continuum (units: mm) L1
• L1 = 200 R2
H θ
• L2 = 20 R1
• R1 = 50
t
• R2 = 100
F
• H = 100
2
L
• t = 10 F
0.6
0.5 Strip_x
0.4
0.3
0.2
Angle (degrees)
0.1
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
96 MD Demonstration Problems
CHAPTER 4
Introduction
This application example evaluates the performance of contact algorithms at curved boundaries between deformable
bodies. A cylindrical pin is located in the cylindrical hole of a strip. The diameters of the hole and the pin are identical.
Two equal point forces are applied to the center of the end surfaces of the pin. It is assumed that the tangential contact
forces can be described with a Coulomb friction model using friction coefficient 0.1. Due to the symmetry condition,
a quarter of the assembly is sufficient for the finite element analysis.
Required Solution
The displacement components and contact normal and tangential forces are of interest. In addition, the relative
tangential slips along the contact surfaces of the two bodies as functions of angle (see Figure 4-1) are also worth
investigating. One analysis is conducted with MD.Nastran SOL 400 with standard HEX elements and compared with
available advanced HEX elements. In the current version of MD Nastran SOL 400, the advanced HEX elements are
defined by a PSOLID entry pointing to an auxiliary PSLDN1 entry.
FEM Solutions
Numerical solutions have been obtained with MD Nastran solution sequence 400 for the 3-D case. First, the advanced
3-D elements are used to conduct the analysis with contact and friction. In comparison, the same analysis is also
conducted with the standard 3-D solid elements.
The contact, material/geometry, solution/convergence schemes and other parameters are explained below.
Contact Parameters
The element mesh using the 3-D solid element is shown in Figure 4-2. The contact body named as cbody1 (shown
in pink) represents the pin. The contact body named as cbody2 defines the strip. A point load (black arrow) is applied
at the center point of top end of the pin. It should be noted that the symmetry has been taken into consideration.
CHAPTER 4 97
3-D Loaded Pin with Friction
In the input data file, the contact bodies are defined as below:
BCBODY 1 3D DEFORM 1 0 .1
BSURF 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ö.
BCBODY 2 3D DEFORM 2 0 .1 -1
BSURF 2 2296 2297 2298 2299 2300 2301 2302
Ö.
The BCBODY with ID 1 defines the pin as a three-dimensional deformable body. The BCBODY with ID 2 defines the
sheet also as a three-dimensional deformable body. Furthermore, BCBODY 2 is described as an analytical body by set
value of –1 at the 8th field.
The BCTABLE bulk data entries shown below define the touch conditions between the bodies:
BCTABLE 0 1
SLAVE 1 0. 0. .1 0. 0
1 1 0
FBSH 1.+20 .99 0.
MASTERS 2
BCTABLE 1 1
SLAVE 1 0. 0. .1 0. 0
1 1 0
FBSH 1.+20 .99 0.
MASTERS 2
As shown above, BCTABLE with ID 0 is used to define the contact touching conditions at the start of the analysis. Zero
(0) identifies the case number. The BCTABLE entry is mandatory for the contact analysis with SOL 400. Also, the
options (BCONTACT with ID 0 and BCPARA with ID 0) are all applied at the start of the analysis. For the loading
analysis defined as load case 1 under the case control section, the contact touching conditions are redefined by options
of BCTABLE, BCPARA, and BCONTACT with ID 1. In this example, the BCPARA is only defined once because the
parameters specified herein are applied through the analysis from the beginning unless some of these parameters are
redefined by BCTABLE entry with ID 1. It should be mentioned is that the BIAS parameter is defined as 0.99 (the
default value is 0.9).
98 MD Demonstration Problems
CHAPTER 4
BCPARA 0
BIAS .99 FTYPE 6
Material/Geometry Parameters
The both bodies in this analysis are defined as isotropic elastic materials. The Young’s modulus and Poisson ratio are
defined as:
MAT1 1 210000. .3 1.
MAT1 2 70000. .3 1.
As shown above, the material IDs are given as 1 and 2 for the pin and the sheet, respectively.
The element type is defined by the PSOLID and PSLDN1 bulk data options as shown below where (C8 SOLI L)
defines the 3-D continuum solid element with linear integration scheme.
PSOLID 1 1 0
PSLDN1 1 1 +
+ C8 SOLI L +
+ C20 SOLI Q
CHAPTER 4 99
3-D Loaded Pin with Friction
Results
Numerical solutions have been done with current versions of MD Nastran SOL 400 and Marc. As seen in Figure 4-3,
a relatively coarse mesh is used for the strip and a fine mesh is used for the pin. The nodes on the pin surface are defined
as slave nodes and the surfaces of the strip are specified as master contact surface in this analysis. In order to describe
the contact body more accurately, the contact surface of the strip is defined analytically. Therefore, a smoother surface
(Coons Patch) is used during the analysis for the strip.
The resulting contact normal nodal forces are shown in Figure 4-4. The peak value in the contact normal force is found
to be around 1933 N. The peak contact tangential force is found to be around 193 N, which equals to F n . That is
consistent with the coefficient of friction applied during the analysis.
The displacement in x and y directions along the circular edge of the pin (slave or contacting surface) are shown as
function of the angle in Figure 4-5 and Figure 4-6, respectively.
100 MD Demonstration Problems
CHAPTER 4
Displacement X (mm)
0.8
Pin_x
0.7
0.6
0.5 Strip_x
0.4
0.3
0.2
Angle (degrees)
0.1
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Figure 4-5 Displacement (x) along the Circular Edge of the Pin and the Strip
Displacement Y (mm)
0.10
0.08
0.06 Strip_y
0.04
Pin_y
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
Angle (degrees)
-0.06
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Figure 4-6 The Displacement (y) along the Circular Edge of the Pin and the Strip
For the comparison, another solution is obtained by using the existing solid element available in SOL 400. This
element type is defined by PSOLID option only. The results are almost identical. Figure 4-7 compares of the
displacement contours obtained by MD Nastran SOL 400 with the advanced 3-D solid elements and the standard 3-D
solid elements (without PSLDN1 option). It shows that both results are extremely close.
(a) (b)
Figure 4-7 Displacement Contours Obtained by Two Different Solid Elements in SOL 400
CHAPTER 4 101
3-D Loaded Pin with Friction
Input File(s)
File Description
nug_04am.dat 3-D loaded pin with friction – advanced lower-order planar elements
nug_04an.dat 3-D loaded pin with friction – lower-order planar elements
nug_04bm.dat 3-D loaded pin with friction – advanced higher-order planar elements
nug_04bn.dat 3-D loaded pin with friction – higher-order planar elements
nug_04cm.dat 3-D loaded pin with friction – advanced higher-order hexahedral elements
nug_04cn.dat 3-D loaded pin with friction – higher-order hexahedral elements
Video
Click on the image or caption below to view a streaming video of this problem; it lasts approximately 18 minutes and
explains how the steps are performed.
L1
R2
H θ
R1
t
F
2
L