HALOGEN.

HSG
(2).9.3.2012..
01.
35
Cl v 37
Nguyn t clo c 2 ng v bn 17
17 Cl . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca clo trong bng h thng
tun hon l 35,45u. Hy tnh % cc ng v trn.
02.
Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t flo, clo, brom, iot. Da vo cu hnh electron hy
gii thch ti sao flo lun c s oxi ha m cn cc nguyn t halogen khc ngoi s oxi ha m cn c
th c s oxi ha dng(+1, +3, +5, +7)?
03.
Cu hnh ngoi cng ca nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X l 5p 5 . T s ntron v in tch ht nhn
bng 1,3962 . S ntron ca X bng 3,7 ln s ntron ca nguyn t nguyn t Y . Khi cho 4,29gam Y
tc dng vi lng d X th thu c 18,26gam sn phm c cng thc l YX. Hy xc nh in tch
ht nhn Z ca X v Y vit cu hnh electron ca X v Y.
04.
Dng thuc th thch hp nhn bit cc dung dch sau y:
a) BaCl2, KBr, HCl, KI, KOH
b) KI, HCl, NaCl, H2SO4
c) HCl, HBr, NaCl, NaOH
d) NaF, CaCl2, KBr, Mgl2
05.
C 4 cht bt mu trng tng ng nhau l : NaCl, AlCl 3, MgCO3, BaCO3. Ch c dng nc cng cc
thit b cn thit (l nung, bnh in phn v.v) Hy trnh by cch nhn bit t cht trn.
06.
Khng dng ho cht no khc hy phn bit 4 dung dch cha cc ho cht sau: NaCl, NaOH, HCl,
phenoltalein.
07.
Mt loi mui n c ln tp cht CaCl 2, MgCl2, Na2SO4, MgSO4, CaSO4. Hy trnh by cch loi cc tp
cht thu c mui n tinh khit.
08.
Nguyn t R l phi kim thuc phn nhm chnh trong bng tun hon. T l gia phn trm nguyn t
R trong oxit cao nht v phn trm R trong hp cht kh vi hiro bng 0,5955. Cho 4,05g mt kim loi
M cha r ho tr tc dng ht vi n cht R th thu c 40,05g mui. Xc nh cng thc ca mui
M.
09.
in phn nng chy a gam mt mui A to bi kim loi v phi kim ho tr 1 (X) thu c 0,896 lt kh
nguyn cht ( ktc). Ho tan a gam mui A vo 100ml dung dch HCl 1M ri cho tc dng vi dung
dch AgNO3 d thu c 25,83g kt ta.
Xc nh tn phi kim cng thc tng qut ca mui A.
10.
Cho 31,84 gam hn hp NaX, NaY (X, Y l hai halogen 2 chu k lin tip) vo dung dch AgNO 3 d,
thu c 57,34 gam kt ta.
a) Tm cng thc ca NaX, NaY.
b) Tnh khi lng mi mui.
11.
Mt mui c to bi kim loi M ho tr II v phi kim ho tr I. Ho tan m gam mui ny vo nc v
chia dung dch lm hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn I: Cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 c d th c 5,74 gam kt ta trng.
- Phn II : Nhng mt thanh st vo dung dch mui, sau mt thi gian phn ng kt thc khi lng
thanh st tng ln 0,16 gam.
a) Tm cng thc phn t ca mui.
b) Xc nh tr s ca m.
12.
X, Y l hai nguyn t halogen thuc hai chu k lin tip trong h thng tun hon. Hn hp A c cha 2
mui ca X, Y vi natri.
a) kt ta hon ton 2,2 gam hn hp A, phi dng 150 ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,2M. Tnh khi lng
kt ta thu c?
b) Xc nh hai nguyn t X, Y.
13.
Ha tan mt mui kim loi halogenua cha bit ha tr vo nc c dung dch X. Nu ly 250 ml
dung dch X (cha 27 gam mui) cho vo AgNO 3 d th thu c 57,4 gam kt ta. Mt khc in
phn 125ml dung dch X trn th c 6,4 gam kim loi bm catot. Xc nh cng thc mui.
14.
Mt hn hp ba mui NaF, NaCl, NaBr nng 4,82 gam ha tan hon ton trong nc c dung dch A.
Sc kh clo d vo dung dich A ri c cn hon ton dung dch sau phn ng thu c 3,93 gam mui

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HALOGEN. HSG
(2).9.3.2012..
khan. Ly mt na lng mui khan ny ha tan vo nc ri cho phn ng vi dung dch AgNO 3 d
th thu c 4,305 gam kt ta. Vit cc phng trnh xy ra v tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng
mi mui trong hn hp ba u.
15.
Hn hp A gm 3 mui NaCl, NaBr v NaI:
* 5,76g A tc dng vi lng d dung dch brm, c cn thu c 5,29g mui khan.
* Ho tan 5,76g A vo nc ri cho mt lng kh clo sc qua dung dch. Sau mt thi gian, c cn th
thu c 4,955g mui khan, trong c 0,05 mol ion clorua.
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
b) Tnh thnh phm phn trm khi lng mi mui trong A.
16.
C hn hp gm hai mui NaCl v NaBr. Khi cho dung dch AgNO 3 va vo hn hp trn ngi ta
thu c lng kt ta bng khi lng AgNO 3 tham gia phn ng. Tm % khi lng mi mui trong
hn hp ban u.
17.
Hai bnh cu cha amoniac v hiroclorua kh. Cho t t nc vo y mi bnh kh, th thy kh cha
trong hai bnh tan ht. Sau trn dung dch trong hai bnh li vi nhau. Hy xc nh nng
mol/l ca cc cht trong dung dch sau khi trn ln, bit rng bnh cha hiroclorua c th tch gp 3
ln th tch cha amoniac, cc kh o ktc.
18.
Hn hp A gm KClO3, Ca(ClO3)2, Ca(ClO)2, CaCl2 v KCl nng 83,68 gam. Nhit phn hon ton A ta
thu c cht rn B gm CaCl 2, KCl v 17,472lt O2 . Cho cht rn B tc dng vi 360ml dung dch
K2CO3 0,5M (va ) thu c kt ta C v dung dch D. Lng KCl trong dung dch D nhiu gp 22/3
ln lng KCl c trong A.
a) Tnh khi lng kt ta A.
b) Tnh % khi lng ca KClO3 trong A.
19.
T mt tn mui n c cha 10,5% tp cht, ngi ta iu ch c 1250 lt dung dch HCl 37% (D =
1,19 g/ml) bng cch cho lng mui n trn tc dng vi axit sunfuric m c v un nng. Tnh
hiu sut ca qu trnh iu ch trn.
20.
Khi un nng mui kali clorat, khng c xc tc, th mui ny b phn hu ng thi theo hai phng
trnh sau:
a)
2KCIO3 2KCl + 3O2
b)
4KClO3 3KClO4 + KCl
Tnh :
- Bao nhiu % khi lng b phn hu theo (a)
- Bao nhiu % khi lng b phn hu theo (b)
Bit rng khi phn hu hon ton 73,5g kaliclorat th thu c 33,5g kaliclorua.
21.
Ha tan 1,74g MnO2 trong 200ml axit clohiric 2M. Tnh nng (mol/l) ca HCl v MnCl 2 trong dung
dch sau khi phn ng kt thc. Gi thit kh clo thot hon ton khi dung dch v th tch ca dung
dch khng bin i.
22.
iu ch mt dung dch axit clohiric bng cch ho tan 2 mol hiro clorua vo nc. Sau un axit
thu c vi mangan ioxit c d. Kh clo thu c bng phn ng c tc dng vi 28g st
hay khng?
23.
Cho lng axit clohiric, thu c khi ch ha 200g mui n cng nghip (cn cha mt lng ng k
tp cht), tc dng vi MnO2 d c mt lng kh clo phn ng vi 22,4g st kim loi. Xc nh
hm lng % ca NaCl trong mui n cng nghip.
24.
Nung mA gam hn hp A gm KMnO 4 v KClO3 ta thu c cht rn A1 v kh O2. Bit KClO3 b phn hu
hon ton theo phn ng :
to
2KClO3
2KCl + 3O2

cn KMnO4 b phn hu mt phn theo phn ng :

to
2KMnO4
K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

Trong A1 c 0,894 gam KCl chim 8,132% khi lng. Trn lng O 2 thu c trn vi khng kh theo
t l th tch VO2 : VKK = 1: 3 trong mt bnh kn ta c hn hp kh A2.

Cho vo bnh 0,528 gam cacbon ri t chy ht cacbon thu c hn hp kh A 3 gm 3 kh, trong
CO2 chim 22,92% th tch.
a) Tnh khi lng mA.
b) Tnh % khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp A.

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HALOGEN. HSG
(2).9.3.2012..
Cho bit: Khng kh cha 80% N2 v 20% O2 v th tch.

B.
01.
Nu hin tng v vit phng trnh phn ng nu c khi cho HCl c tc dng vi cc cht sau:
KMnO4, KClO3 .
02.
Nu cch tinh ch :
a) Mui n c ln MgCl2 v NaBr
b) Axit clohiric c ln axit H2SO4.
03.
Cn bao nhiu gam KMnO4 v bao nhiu mililit dung dch axit clohiric 1M c kh clo tc dng
vi st to nn 16,25g FeCl3 ?
04.
Hon thnh chui cc phn ng sau, ghi r iu kin nu c:
a) HCl Cl2 FeCl3 NaCl HCl CuCl2 AgCl Ag
b) KMnO4 Cl2 HCl FeCl2 AgCl Cl2 Br2 I2 ZnI2
c) Cl2 KClO3 KCl Cl2 Ca(OCl)2 CaCl2 Cl2 O2
d) F2 CaF2 HF SiF4
e) K2Cr2O7 Cl2 Br2 I2 S SO2 HCl NaCl Cl2 H2SO4 HCl H2 Fe FeCl2 .
05.
Hon thnh s bin ho sau :
0

t
KClO3
A+B

A + MnO2 + H 2SO4 C + D + E + F
pnc
A

G+C
0

t
G + H 2O L + M vC + L
KClO3 + A + F

06.
in phn nng chy mt mui clorua kim loi ho tr 1 thu c catot 6,24 gam kim loi v anot
1,792 lt kh (ktc).
a) Xc nh cng thc phn t mui.
b) Cho cht kh sinh ra tc dng vi H 2 trong iu kin nh sng c sn phm X. Ho tan X vo nc
c dung dch 1. t chy kim loi trn, cho sn phm sinh ra ho tan vo nc c dung dch 2.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Cho 1 mu qu tm vo dung dch 1, k thm vo t t dung dch
2. Quan st hin tng v gii thch.
07.
Ho tan 5,37 gam hn hp gm 0,02 mol AlCl 3 v mt mui halogenua ca kim loi M ho tr 2 vo
nc, thu c dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng va vi 200ml dung dch AgNO 3, thu c
14,35 gam kt ta. Lc ly dung dch cho tc dng vi NaOH d, thu c kt ta B. Nung B n khi
lng khng i c 1,6 gam cht rn.
Xc nh cng thc phn t mui halogenua kim loi M.
08.
C hn hp NaI v NaBr. Ha tan hn hp trong nc. Cho brom d vo dung dch. Sau khi phn ng
thc hin xong, lm bay hi dung dch, lm kh sn phm th thy khi lng sn phm nh hn khi
lng hn hp 2 mui ban u l m gam.
Ha tan sn phm trong nc v cho kh clo i qua cho n d. Lm bay hi dung dch v lm kh
cht cn li, ngi ta thy khi lng cht thu c nh hn khi lng mui phn ng l m gam.Xc
nh % v khi lng ca NaBr trong hn hp u.
09.
em in phn 200ml dung dch NaCl 2M (D = 1,1g/ml) vi in cc bng than c mng ngn xp v
dung dch lun lun c khuy u. Sau mt thi gian catot thot ra 22,4 lt kh o iu kin
200C, 1atm. Hp cht cha trong dung dch sau khi kt thc in phn l cht g? Xc nh C% ca n.
10.
in phn nng chy a gam mui A to bi kim loi M v halogen X ta thu c 0,96 gam kim loi M
catt v 0,896 lt kh ( ktc) ant. Mt khc ha tan a gam mui a vo nc, sau cho tc dng
vi AgNO3 d th thu c 11,48 gam kt ta.
Hi X l halogen no ?
11.
in phn 200 ml dung dch KCl 1M (d=1,15g/ml) trong bnh in phn c mng ngn xp vi cng
dng in I=20A, sau thi gian t kh thot ra catt l 1,12 lt. Tnh nng % ca cc cht trong
dung dch sau in phn.

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HALOGEN. HSG
(2).9.3.2012..
(Coi th tch dung dch khng thay i v nc cha b in phn)
12.
Hn hp A gm: NaOH, Na2CO3 v Na2SO4. Ly 1g A ho tan vo nc ri thm dung dch BaCl 2 cho
n d, thu c kt ta B v dung dch C. Thm dn dn dung dch HCl vo dung dch C cho n khi
c dung dch trung tnh, cn dng 24ml dung dch HCl 0,25M. Mt khc, 2g A tc dng vi dung
dch HCl d, sinh ra c 0,224 lt kh (ktc).
a) Xc nh thnh phn phn trm tng cht trong hn hp A.
b) Tnh th tch dun dch HCl 0,5M phn ng va vi 0,5gA.
c) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,5M tc dng vi kt ta B.
13.
Dung dch X c to thnh bng cch ha tan 3 mui KCl, FeCl 3, BaCl2. Nu cho 200ml dung dch X
phn ng va vi 100ml dung dch Na 2SO4 1M , hoc vi 150ml dung dch NaOH 2M; hoc vi
300ml dung dch AgNO3 2M . Trong mi trng hp u thu c kt ta ln nht.
a) Tnh nng ca mi mui trong dung dch X.
b) Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c khi c cn 200ml dung dch X.
14.
Ha tan m gam hn hp gm NaBr v NaI vo nc c dung dch A. Cho A phn ng vi brom d
sau c cn dung dch thu c duy nht mt mui khan B c khi lng (m-47)gam. Ha tan B vo
nc v cho tc dng vi clo d sau c cn dung dch thu c duy nht mt mui khan C c khi
lng (m-89)gam. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ha hc v tnh % khi lng ca mi mui trong
hn hp ban u.
15.
Mt khong vt c cng thc tng qut l: aKCl.bMgCl 2.cH2O. Nung 27,75gam khong vt trn n
khi lng khng i thy khi lng cht rn gim 10,8gam. Ha tan cht rn vo trong nc ri
cho tc dng vi AgNO3 d th thu c 43,05gam kt ta. Lp cng thc ca khong vt trn.
16.
Mt dung dch l hn hp cc mui NaCl, NaBr, NaI. Sau khi lm kh 20ml dung dch ny thu c
1,732 gam cht rn. Ly 20ml dung dch mui phn ng vi brom ri lm bay hi thu c 1,685 gam
cht rn kh. Sau cho clo tc dng vi 120ml dung dch trn, sau khi bay hi thu c 1,4625 gam
kt ta kh.
a) Tnh nng M ca tng mui trong dung dch.
b) Tnh khi lng brom v iot c th iu ch c t 1m3 dung dch.
17.
Chia 8,84 gam hn hp MCl v BaCl 2 thnh hai phn bng nhau. Ho tan phn 1 vo nc ri cho phn
ng vi AgNO3 d thu c 8,61 gam kt ta. em in phn nng chy phn 2 n hon ton thu
c V ml kh X 27,3oC v 0,88 atm. Nu s mol MCl chim 80% s mol trong hn hp, xc nh kim
loi M v tnh thnh phn % khi lng hn hp u. Tnh V
18.
Khi b nung nng, kali clorat ng thi phn hu theo hai cch :
a) To ra oxi v kali clorua ;
b) To ra kali peclorat v kali clorua.
* Vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
* Tnh xem c bao nhiu phn trm v khi lng kali clorat phn hu theo phn ng (a) v phn
ng (b) bit rng khi phn hu 122,5 gam KClO3, thu c 52,15gam KCl.
19.
Ha tan 1,74g MnO2 trong 200ml axit clohiric 2M. Tnh nng (mol/l) ca HCl v MnCl 2 trong dung
dch sau khi phn ng kt thc. Gi thit kh clo thot hon ton khi dung dch v th tch ca dung
dch khng bin i.
20.
T mt tn mui n c cha 5% tp cht, ngi ta iu ch c 1250 lt dung dch HCl 37% (D = 1,19
g/ml) bng cch cho lng mui n trn tc dng vi axit sunfuric m c v un nng. Tnh hiu
sut ca qu trnh iu ch trn.

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HALOGEN. HSG
(2).9.3.2012..
Hng dn gii
01.

p dng cng thc:

A=

aA + bB
100

Trong A l nguyn t khi trung bnh

a, b l % ng v
A, B l nguyn t khi ca ng v
Theo u bi ta c h phng trnh sau:

a.35 + b.37

35,45 =

100

100 = a + b
Gii h phng trnh ta c :
a = 77,5%
b = 22,5%
02.
Nguyn t
F
Cl
Br
I

Cu hnh electron
2s22p5
3s23p5
4s24p5
5s25p5

Flo lun c s oxi ha m bi v: Lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t flo khng c obital d, cn mc

2p v mc 3s chnh lch nng lng qu cao nn flo khng c trng thi kch thch hnh thnh s
oxi ha dng. Mt khc flo c m in ln nht nn ngay c s oxi ha +1 cng khng xut hin.
Cc nguyn t halogen khc ngoi s oxi ha m cn c th c s oxi ha dng(+1, +3, +5,
+7) bi v: Cc electron ns v np c kh nng b kch thch sang nd

03.

+1

+3

+5

+7

Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X l:

1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p5
T rt ra ZX = 53 = pX (s proton)
Theo u bi ta c:

nX
= 1,3962 n X = 74
pX

(s ntron)

AX = pX + nX = 53 + 74 = 127
mt khc :

nX
= 3,7 n Y = 20
nY

phn ng ca X v Y:
Y +
4,29
AY

X YX
18,26
MYX

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HALOGEN. HSG
(2).9.3.2012..

AY
AY
4,29
4,29
=

=
A Y = 39
M YX 18,26
A Y + 127 18,26
A Y = p Y + n Y 39 = p Y + 20 p Y = 19 = Z Y
Vy cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Y l:
1s22s22p63s23p64s1
Vy X l it v Y l kali.
04.
a) Dng qu tm nhn bit HCl, KOH.
Dng dung dch H2SO4 nhn bit BaCl2 cn li KI, KBr.
Dung kh Cl2 phn bit cc dung dch KI v KBr.
b) Dng qu tm nhn bit HCl, H2SO4.
Dng dung dch BaCl2 phn bit HCl v H2SO4.
Dng dung dch AgNO3 phn bit dung dch KI v NaCl. (AgI mu vng ti; AgCl mu trng).
Hoc t : KI ngn la mu tm; NaCl ngn la mu vng.
c) Dng qu tm nhn bit dung dch cc dung dch NaOH, HCl, HBr.
Dng Cl2 phn bit HCl v HBr hoc dng AgNO 3 cng phn bit c AgBr (vng) v AgCl (mu
trng).
d) Cho 4 mu th tc dng vi dung dch Na 2CO3 c hai mu th c phn ng to kt ta l
CaCl2 v MgI2.
Phn bit hai mu th CaCl2 v MgI2 bng Cl2.
Cn li phn bit NaF v KBr cng bng Cl2.
05.
Ly tng lng mui nh lm th nghim:
- Ho tan vo H2O, to thnh 2 nhm:
+ Nhm I : Tan trong H2O l NaCl v AlCl3
+ Nhm II : Khng tan l MgCO3 v BaCO3
- in phn dung dch cc mui nhmI (c mng ngn) :
P cmngngn
2NaCl + 2H2O

2NaOH + Cl2 + H2
P cmngngn
2AlCl3 +6H2O
2Al(OH)3 + 3Cl2 + 3H2
Khi kt thc in phn, vng catot ca bnh in phn no c kt ta keo xut hin, l bnh cha
mui AlCl3 bnh kia l NaCl.
- Thu kh H2 v Cl2 thc hin phn ng :
H2 + Cl2 2HCl
Ho tan mui nhm II vo dung dch HCl :
MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O
BaCO3 + 2HCl BaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
in phn dung dch NaCl (c mng ngn) thu dung dch NaOH.
Dng dung dch NaOH phn bit mui MgCl 2 v BaCl2. T tm c MgCO3 v BaCO3 :
MgCl2 + 2NaOH Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
BaCl2 + 2NaOH Ba(OH)2 + 2NaCl

06.

- Ta nh ln lt mt mu th vo ba mu th cn li n khi no thy 2 mu th nh vo nhau

bin thnh mu hng th cp l dung dch NaOH v phenoltalein. Cn li l dung dch NaCl v dung
dch HCl. Chia ng nghim c mu hng thnh hai phn. Ly hai mu th ng dung dch NaCl v
dung dch HCl, mi mu th vo mt ng nghim mu hng, mu no lm mu hng mt i l
dung dch HCl (v axit trung ho ht NaOH, nn mi trng trung tnh, phenoltalein khng i mu). Ta
phn bit c dung dch HCl v dung dch NaCl.
- ng nghim t mu hng chuyn sang khng mu, lc ny ch cha NaCl v phenoltalein. Ta
dng n nhn bit dung dch NaOH bng cch nh vo mt trong hai ng nghim cha bit, ng
nghim no bin thnh mu hng l NaOH, ng cn li l phenoltalein.
07.
- Ho tan mui n vo nc ct.
- Thm BaCl2 d loi ion SO42- dng BaSO4 kt ta trng.
Phng trnh phn ng:
BaCl2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4 + 2NaCl
BaCl2 + MgSO4 BaSO4 + MgCl2
BaCl2 + CaSO4 BaSO4 + CaCl2

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HALOGEN. HSG
(2).9.3.2012..
- Lc b kt ta BaSO4.
- Thm Na2CO3 d loi ion Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+d
MgCl2 + Na2CO3 2NaCl + MgCO3
CaCl2 + Na2CO3 2NaCl + CaCO3
BaCl2 + Na2CO3 2NaCl + BaCO3
- Lc b kt ta MgCO3, CaCO3, BaCO3.
- Thm dung dch HCl loi b Na2CO3 d
Na2CO3 + 2HCl = 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
- C cn dung dch ta thu c mui n tinh khit.
08.
t ho tr ca R l x v nguyn t lng l R
Hp cht vi oxi c cng thc R2Ox
Hp cht vi hiro c cng thc RH8-x

2R
2R + 16x = 0,5955
R

Theo u bi :

--->
--->
x
R
nghi
m

R + 8 x
2.( R + 8 x)
= 0,5955
2R + 16x

R=

11,528.x - 16
0,809

1
-5,53

2
8,72

3
22,97

4
37,22

5
51,47

loi

loi

loi

loi

loi

6
65,72
loi

7
79,97
nhn

vy R l Brm, vit phng trnh M tc dng vi Br2, lp phng trnh tm cng thc mui

y
Br2 MBry
2

M +

theo ptp:
M gam
(M + y.80) gam
theo u bi: 4,05 gam
40,05 gam
--->
40,05.M = 4,05.(M + y.80)
--->
M = 9y
y
M
nghi
m

1
9

2
18

3
27

loi

loi

nhn

vy M l nhm
---> Cng thc ca mui l AlBr3
09.
loi.

K hiu M, X ln lt l khi lng nguyn t ca kim loi M v phi kim X, n l ho tr ca kim

MX

PNC

M +

x mol

x mol

X
2 2
xn
mol
2

MXn + nAgNO3 M(NO3)n + nAgX

x mol
nx mol
HCl + AgNO3
AgCl +
HNO3
0,11 = 0,1 mol
0,1 mol
Khi lng kt ta AgX l : 25,83 (0,1 143,5) = 11,48g

nX 2 c trong mui A :

(1)

(2)

0,896
= 0,04mol
22,4

nAgX thu c (phng trnh 2) = 0,08mol

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HALOGEN. HSG
(2).9.3.2012..

M AgX =

11,48
= 143,5
0,08

X = 143,5 108 = 35,5 ; X l Cl

Vy mui A c cng thc tng qut MCl.
10.
a) Phng trnh phn ng ca NaX v NaY vi AgNO3.
NaX + AgNO3 AgX + NaNO3
a
a
NaY + AgNO3 AgY + NaNO3
b
b
- Lp h phng trnh (gi s mol NaX: amol;
s mol NaY: bmol)

(
(

(23+ X)a + (23+ Y)b = 31,84

( a + b). 23 + X = 31,84

(108+ X)a + (108+ Y)b = 57,34
( a + b). 108+ X = 57,34

X = 83,13

X < X < Y X < 83,13< Y

X = 80 < 80,13 nn X l brom v Y = 127 > 83,13 nn Y l iot.

Cng thc ca 2 mui l: NaBr v NaI.
mNaBr = 0,28 103 = 28,84 gam
mNaI = 0,02 150 = 3 gam
b) Nu c mt mui l NaF AgF tan, kt ta ch c AgCl
NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3
mNaCl =

58,5 57,34
= 23,375
gam
143,5

mNaF = 31,84 23,375 = 8,465 gam

11.
a) Gi cng thc phn t mui ca kim loi M ho tr II v phi kim X ho tr I l MX 2.
MX2 + 2AgNO3 2AgX + M(NO3)2
MX2 +

Fe

+ FeX2

Da vo phng trnh phn ng rt ra:

MM =

0,16.MM + 178
2,87

V X l phi kim ho tr I v mui AgX l kt ta trng X l nguyn t halogen tr F.

Nguyn t halogen:
Cl
Br
I
MX :
35,5
80
127
MM :
64
66,5
69,1
Chn
loi
loi
Chn MX = 35,5 X l Cl v MM = 64 M l Cu
Cng thc phn t mui l CuCl2.
b) S mol ca 1/2 lng mui ban u l:

a=

0,16
= 0,02mol
64- 56

(a l s mol MgX2 trong 1/2 lng mui ban u)

Khi lng mui CuCl2 ban u:
m = 2 (0,02 135) = 5,4 gam
12.
a)

nAgNO3 = 0,2.0,15
= 0,03

Cc phng trnh phn ng:

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HALOGEN. HSG
(2).9.3.2012..
NaX + AgNO3 NaNO3 + AgX
NaY + AgNO3 NaNO3 + AgY
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:
mA +

mAgNO3 = mNaNO3 + mkt ta

b)

2,2 + 0,03.170 = 0,03.85 + mkt ta

mkt ta = 4,75 gam
t X > M > Y

Na M + AgNO3 NaNO3 + Ag M

nAgNO3 = nAgM = 0,03

M AgM =

4,75
158,3
0,03

M = 158,3 -108 = 50,3

X v Y l cc halogen lin tip, vy phi l brom: 80 v clo: 35,5
13.
t k hiu kim loi l B.
t k hiu halogen l X.
Cng thc ca mui s l BXn
BXn + AgNO3 nAgX + B(NO3)n
27g
57,4g

13,5g
28,7
DPDD
BXn
B
+ nX

13,5g
6,4g
7,1g
Trong 13,5g BXn c 7,1g X, vy trong 28,7g AgX cngch c 7,1g X, suy ra s gam Ag l 28,7 - 7,1 =
21,6g hay 0,2 mol.
Trong AgX t l kt hp theo s mol l 1 : 1. Vy s mol X cng l 0,2 mol.

MX =

7,1
= 35,5
0,2

Suy ra X l Clo
BCln + AgNO3 nAgCl + B(NO3)n
1 mol
n mol

0,2
mol
n
M BCln =

0,2 mol

13,5
= 67,5n
0,2
n

MB + 35,5n = 67,5n ;
* Nu n = 1
MB = 32
* Nu n = 2
MB = 64

MB = 32n
(loi)
B l Cu.

14.
Khi sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch cha hn hp mui NaF, NaCl, NaBr ch c NaBr tc dng. t
s mol hn hp ban u:
NaF : a mol ; NaCl: b mol; NaBr: c mol
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v lp h phng trnh.

42a+ 58,5b+ 103c= 4,82

42a+ 58,5b+ 58,5c= 3,93

b + c 4,305
=
= 0,03

2
143,5

Gii h phng trnh ta c:

a = 0,01 %mNaF =

0,01 42
= 0,087hay 8,7%
4,82

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HALOGEN. HSG
(2).9.3.2012..

0,04 58,5
= 0,485hay 48,5%
4,82
0,02 103
c = 0,02 %mNaBr =
= 0,427hay 42,7%
4,82
b = 0,04 %mNaCl =

15.

t s mol NaCl: a; NaBr: b; NaI: c

a) Cc phn ng vi brm d:
2NaI + Br2 2NaBr + I2
c mol
c mol
Hn hp A:
58,5a + 103b + 150c = 5,76
sau phn ng vi brm:
58,5a + 103 (b + c) = 5,29
47c = 0,47
* Cc phn ng vi Cl2
2NaBr + Cl2 2NaCl + Br2
2NaI + Cl2 2NaCl + I2
0,01 mol
0,01 mol
Nu Cl2 ch phn ng vi NaI th khi lng hn hp mui sau phn ng vi Cl 2 l
5,76 1,5 + 0,585 = 4,845g.
Theo bi hn hp sau phn ng ch c 3,955g. Vy Cl2 phn ng vi c NaBr.
Hn hp 3,955g trong c 0,05 mol NaCl v cn li l NaBr.
S mol NaBr cn li

3,955 0,05 58,5

= 0,01
103

Tnh s mol NaBr tham gia phn ng.

1 mol NaBr thay th bng 1 mol NaCl khi lng gim 44,5 g.
x mol NaBr thay th bng x mol NaCl khi lng gim 4,845 3,955 = 0,89g

x=

0,85
= 0,02
44,5

S mol NaBr c trong 5,76g = 0,02 + 0,01 = 0,03

nNaCl =

5,76 3,09 1,5 1,17

=
= 0,02
58,5
58,5

% theo khi lng

NaCl: 20,3%; NaBr: 53,66%; NaI: 26,04%
NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl +
a mol
a mol
a mol
NaBr + AgNO3 AgBr +
b mol
b mol
b mol
170a 143,5a = 188b 170b
26,5a = 18b

16.

NaNO3
NaNO3

a 18
=
b 26,5
mNaCl 18 58,5 1053
=
=
mNaBr 26,5 103 2729,5
1053
100%= 27,84%
%NaCl =
3782,5
%NaBr = 100 27,84 = 72,16%
17.

t th tch ca amoniac l V
Bnh cu cha hiroclorua l 3V

sau khi trn

= 4V

Phng trnh phn ng:

NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
phn ng theo t l 1:1 v s mol theo t l 1:1 v th tch

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HALOGEN. HSG
(2).9.3.2012..
Sau phn ng lng HCl cn d

2V
mol
22,4

2V
= 0,0223M
22,4. 4V
[ NH4Cl] = V = 0,01116M
22,4. 4V

[ HCl] =

18.

Cc phn ng khi nhit phn:

2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2

(1)

Ca(ClO3 )2 CaCl2 + 3O2

(2)

Ca(ClO)2 CaCl2 + O2

(3)

t
(CaCl2
CaCl2 )
0

t
(KCl
KCl)
CaCl2 + K 2CO3 CaCO3 + 2KCl (4)

Tnh:

nO2 =
nCaCl2

17,472
= 0,78mol
22,4
= nK 2CO3 = nCaCO3 = 0,36. 05= 0,18mol

a) Khi lng kt ta C = 0,18 . 100 = 18 g

b) Gi x v y l s mol KClO3 v KCl trong A.
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng, tng s mol KCl trong B = x + y =

83,68 0,78. 32 0,18. 111

= 0,52
74,5

(trong 32 v 111 l KLPT ca O2 v ca CaCl2).

Mt khc :

x + y + 0,18. 2 =

22
y
3

Gii h phng trnh, ta c: x = 0,4

Vy% KClO3 =
19.

0,4.122,5.100
= 58,55%
83,68

Lng NaCl nguyn cht:

1000kg 89,5% = 895kg
Lng HCl thu c theo l thuyt :
2NaCl + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2HCl
58,5 kg
36,5g
895kg
x = 558,42kg
Lng HCl thu c theo thc t:
1250 lt 1,19kg/lt 37% = 550,375 kg
Hiu sut ca qu trnh iu ch:
H% =

20.

550,375
100% = 98,55%
558,42

2KClO3
a mol
4KClO3
b mol

t
2KCl + 3O2

a mol
3KClO4 + KCl
to

(a)
(b)

b
mol
4

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HALOGEN. HSG
(2).9.3.2012..

73,5

a + b = 122,5 = 0,6

a + b = 33,5 = 0,45
4 74,5
3b
= 0,15 b = 0,2 v a = 0,4
4
122,5 0,4
= 66,67%
%m phn hu theo (a) :
73,5
%m phn hu theo (b) : 33,33%
21.

MnO2

+ 4HCl

1mol
4 mol
0,02mol 0,08mol

MnCl2

+ Cl2 + 2H2O

1mol
0,02mol

S mol MnO2 c ha tan trong axit clohiric l :

SmolHCl ctrongdungdchl :

2 200
= 0,4(mol)
1000

1,74
= 0,02 (mol)
87

Nhn vo phng trnh phn ng, ta thy 1mol MnO 2 tc dng vi 4mol HCl to nn 1mol MnCl 2. Vy
0,02mol MnO2 tc dng vi 0,08mol HCl to nn 0,02mol MnCl 2.
S mol HCl cn li trong dung dch l :
0,4 mol - 0,08mol = 0,32 mol
Nng ca HCl cn li trong dung dch l :

0,32 1000
= 1,6(mol/l)
200

Nng ca MnCl2 trong dung dch l :

0,02 1000
= 0,1 (mol/l)
200

22.

4HCl+ MnO2 MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O

(1)

3Cl2 + 2Fe 2FeCl3

(2)

Theo (1)

1
1
nHCl = . 2 = 0,5mol
4
4
28
C : nFe=
= 0,5mol
56
nCl2 =

Theo (2) : Nu Fe phn ng ht th cn :

3
3
nFe = . 0,5= 0,75mol
2
2
M Cl2 (1)= 0,5mol< 0,75mol
nCl2 =

Lng Cl2 thu c sau phn ng (1) khng ho tan 28g Fe.
23.

Cc phn ng:

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HALOGEN. HSG
(2).9.3.2012..

NaCl + H 2SO4

NaHSO
+
4

1mol
x = 2,4mol
4HCl +
4 mol
2,4mol
3Cl2 +
3 mol
0,6mol

HCl
1mol
2,4mol

MnO2

+ 2H2O + Cl2

MnCl2

1mol
0,6mol
2Fe

2FeCl3

2 mol
0,4mol

S mol Fe cn tc dng vi clo l:

22,4
= 0,4mol
56

Theo ba phng trnh phn ng trn ta thy 2 mol Fe phn ng vi 3 mol Cl 2 ; 1 mol Cl2 c to nn
t 4 mol HCl v 1 mol HCl c to nn t 1 mol NaCl. Vy 0,4 mol Fe phn ng vi 0,6 mol Cl 2 ; 0,6
mol Cl2 c to nn t 2,4 mol HCl v 2,4 mol HCl c to nn t 2,4 mol NaCl.
Khi lng NaCl c trong mui n cng nghip l :
58,5g . 2,4 = 140,4g
Hm lng phn trm ca NaCl trong mui n cng nghip l :

140,4 100
= 70,2%
200

24.
a) Cc phn ng nhit phn
to
2KClO3
2KCl + 3O2

2KMnO4

to

K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

(1)
(2)

Gi n l tng s mol O2 thot ra t (1) v (2). Sau khi trn n mol O 2 vi 3n mol khng kh (trong c

3n
4
= 0,6nmolO2v .3n= 2,4nmolN 2 ) ta thy tng s mol O2 bng (1 + 0,6) n = 1,6n. V s mol
5
5
0,528
cacbon =
= 0,044,v theo iu kin bi ton, sau khi t chy thu c hn hp 3 kh, nn ta
12
c 2 trng hp:
Trng hp 1: Nu oxi d, tc 1,6n > 0,044, th cacbon ch chy theo phn ng
C + O2 CO2
(3)

lc nytng
smolkhsauphn ngbng

0,044. 100
= 0,192
22,92

Cc kh gm:
oxi d + nit + CO2

(1,6 n - 0,044) + 2,4n + 0,044 = 0,192

rtra n=

0,192
= 0,048mol
4

Khi lng mA = khi lng cht rn cn li + khi lng oxi thot ra.

mA =

0,894. 100
+ 32. 0,048= 12,53(g)
8,132

Trng hp 2: Nu oxi thiu, tc 1,6 < 0,044, th cacbon chy theo 2 phn ng:
C + O2 CO2
(3)
2C + O2 2CO
(4)
Cc kh trong hn hp c N2 (2,4n), CO2 (n') v CO (0,044 - n').
Nh vy tng s mol kh = 2,4n + 0,044. Theo cc phn ng (3)(4) th s mol O 2 bng

(0,044 n')
2
22,92
n'= 3,2n 0,044=
(2,4n+ 0,044)
100

1,6n= n'+

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HALOGEN. HSG
(2).9.3.2012..
Gii ra c n = 0,0204

Vym'A =

0,894. 100
+ 0,0204
. 32= 11,647(g)
8,132

b) Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong A.

Theophn ng(1): nKClO3 = 122,5. 0,012= 1,47(g)

i vi trng hp 1:

1,47.100
= 11,7%
12,53
%KMnO4 = 100 11,7= 88,3%

%KClO3 =
i vi trng hp 2:

1,47.100
= 12,6%
11,647
%KMnO4 = 100 12,6= 87,4%

%KClO =

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HALOGEN. HSG
(2).9.3.2012..
Phn B: Bi tp t gii
01.
Nu hin tng v vit phng trnh phn ng nu c khi cho HCl c tc dng vi cc cht
sau: KMnO4, KClO3 .
02.
Nu cch tinh ch :
a) Mui n c ln MgCl2 v NaBr
b) Axit clohiric c ln axit H2SO4.
03.
Cn bao nhiu gam KMnO 4 v bao nhiu mililit dung dch axit clohiric 1M c kh clo tc
dng vi st to nn 16,25g FeCl3 ?
p s:

mKMnO4 = 9,48g ; VHCl = 480ml

04.
Hon thnh chui cc phn ng sau, ghi r iu kin nu c:
a) HCl Cl2 FeCl3 NaCl HCl CuCl2 AgCl Ag
b) KMnO4 Cl2 HCl FeCl2 AgCl Cl2 Br2 I2 ZnI2
c) Cl2 KClO3 KCl Cl2 Ca(OCl)2 CaCl2 Cl2 O2
d) F2 CaF2 HF SiF4
e) K2Cr2O7 Cl2 Br2 I2 S SO2 HCl NaCl Cl2 H2SO4 HCl H2 Fe FeCl2 .
05.

Hon thnh s bin ho sau :

0

t
KClO3
A+B

A + MnO2 + H 2SO4 C + D + E + F
pnc
A

G+ C
0

t
G + H 2O L + M vC + L
KClO3 + A + F

06.
in phn nng chy mt mui clorua kim loi ho tr 1 thu c catot 6,24 gam kim loi v
anot 1,792 lt kh (ktc).
a) Xc nh cng thc phn t mui.
b) Cho cht kh sinh ra tc dng vi H 2 trong iu kin nh sng c sn phm X. Ho tan X vo nc
c dung dch 1. t chy kim loi trn, cho sn phm sinh ra ho tan vo nc c dung dch 2.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Cho 1 mu qu tm vo dung dch 1, k thm vo t t dung dch
2. Quan st hin tng v gii thch.
p s: Cng thc mui l KCl.
07.
Ho tan 5,37 gam hn hp gm 0,02 mol AlCl3 v mt mui halogenua ca kim loi M ho tr 2
vo nc, thu c dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng va vi 200ml dung dch AgNO 3, thu
c 14,35 gam kt ta. Lc ly dung dch cho tc dng vi NaOH d, thu c kt ta B. Nung B n
khi lng khng i c 1,6 gam cht rn.
Xc nh cng thc phn t mui halogenua kim loi M.
p s: Cng thc phn t ca mui l CuCl2.
08.
C hn hp NaI v NaBr. Ha tan hn hp trong nc. Cho brom d vo dung dch. Sau khi
phn ng thc hin xong, lm bay hi dung dch, lm kh sn phm th thy khi lng sn phm nh
hn khi lng hn hp 2 mui ban u l m gam.
Ha tan sn phm trong nc v cho kh clo i qua cho n d. Lm bay hi dung dch v lm
kh cht cn li, ngi ta thy khi lng cht thu c nh hn khi lng mui phn ng l m gam.
Xc nh % v khi lng ca NaBr trong hn hp u.
p s:
% NaBr = 3,7%; %NaI = 96,3%
09.
em in phn 200ml dung dch NaCl 2M (D = 1,1g/ml) vi in cc bng than c mng ngn
xp v dung dch lun lun c khuy u. Sau mt thi gian catot thot ra 22,4 lt kh o iu
kin 200C, 1atm. Hp cht cha trong dung dch sau khi kt thc in phn l cht g? Xc nh C%
ca n.
p s: C%NaOH = 8,32%
10.
in phn nng chy a gam mui A to bi kim loi M v halogen X ta thu c 0,96 gam kim
loi M catt v 0,896 lt kh ( ktc) ant. Mt khc ha tan a gam mui a vo nc, sau cho tc
dng vi AgNO3 d th thu c 11,48 gam kt ta.
Hi X l halogen no ?

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HALOGEN. HSG
(2).9.3.2012..
p s: X l clo
11.
in phn 200 ml dung dch KCl 1M (d=1,15g/ml) trong bnh in phn c mng ngn xp vi
cng dng in I=20A, sau thi gian t kh thot ra catt l 1,12 lt. Tnh nng % ca cc cht
trong dung dch sau in phn.
(Coi th tch dung dch khng thay i v nc cha b in phn)
p s: C KOH = 2,474% , CKCl = 3.29% .
12.
Hn hp A gm: NaOH, Na 2CO3 v Na2SO4. Ly 1g A ho tan vo nc ri thm dung dch BaCl 2
cho n d, thu c kt ta B v dung dch C. Thm dn dn dung dch HCl vo dung dch C cho n
khi c dung dch trung tnh, cn dng 24ml dung dch HCl 0,25M. Mt khc, 2g A tc dng vi dung
dch HCl d, sinh ra c 0,224 lt kh (ktc).
a) Xc nh thnh phn phn trm tng cht trong hn hp A.
b) Tnh th tch dun dch HCl 0,5M phn ng va vi 0,5gA.
c) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,5M tc dng vi kt ta B.
p s: a) Thnh phn ca A: 53% Na2CO3 ; 24% NaOH; 23% Na2SO4.
b) 16ml dung dch HCl.
c) 20ml dung dch HCl 0,5M.
13.
Dung dch X c to thnh bng cch ha tan 3 mui KCl, FeCl 3, BaCl2. Nu cho 200ml dung
dch X phn ng va vi 100ml dung dch Na 2SO4 1M , hoc vi 150ml dung dch NaOH 2M; hoc
vi 300ml dung dch AgNO3 2M . Trong mi trng hp u thu c kt ta ln nht.
a) Tnh nng ca mi mui trong dung dch X.
b) Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c khi c cn 200ml dung dch X.
p s: [BaCl2]=[KCl]=[FeCl3]=0,5M; m=44,5g.
14.
Ha tan m gam hn hp gm NaBr v NaI vo nc c dung dch A. Cho A phn ng vi
brom d sau c cn dung dch thu c duy nht mt mui khan B c khi lng (m-47)gam. Ha
tan B vo nc v cho tc dng vi clo d sau c cn dung dch thu c duy nht mt mui khan
C c khi lng (m-89)gam. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ha hc v tnh % khi lng ca mi
mui trong hn hp ban u.
p s: 40,71% NaBr v 59,29%NaI
15.
Mt khong vt c cng thc tng qut l: aKCl.bMgCl 2.cH2O. Nung 27,75gam khong vt trn
n khi lng khng i thy khi lng cht rn gim 10,8gam. Ha tan cht rn vo trong nc
ri cho tc dng vi AgNO3 d th thu c 43,05gam kt ta. Lp cng thc ca khong vt trn.
p s: KCl.MgCl2.6H2O.
16.
Mt dung dch l hn hp cc mui NaCl, NaBr, NaI. Sau khi lm kh 20ml dung dch ny thu
c 1,732 gam cht rn. Ly 20ml dung dch mui phn ng vi brom ri lm bay hi thu c 1,685
gam cht rn kh. Sau cho clo tc dng vi 120ml dung dch trn, sau khi bay hi thu c 1,4625
gam kt ta kh.
a) Tnh nng M ca tng mui trong dung dch.
b) Tnh khi lng brom v iot c th iu ch c t 1m3 dung dch.
p s: NaCl 1M; NaBr 0,2M; NaI 0,05M.

mBr2 = 16kg; mI 2 = 6,35kg

17.
Chia 8,84 gam hn hp MCl v BaCl2 thnh hai phn bng nhau. Ho tan phn 1 vo nc ri
cho phn ng vi AgNO3 d thu c 8,61 gam kt ta. em in phn nng chy phn 2 n hon
ton thu c V ml kh X 27,3oC v 0,88 atm. Nu s mol MCl chim 80% s mol trong hn hp, xc
nh kim loi M v tnh thnh phn % khi lng hn hp u. Tnh V
p s:
Kim loi l Na

%mNaCl = 52,94%
%mBaCl2 = 7,06%
V = 0,84lt
18.
Khi b nung nng, kali clorat ng thi phn hu theo hai cch :
a) To ra oxi v kali clorua ; b) To ra kali peclorat v kali clorua.
*Vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
* Tnh xem c bao nhiu phn trm v khi lng kali clorat phn hu theo phn ng (a) v phn
ng (b) bit rng khi phn hu 122,5 gam KClO3, thu c 52,15gam KCl.

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HALOGEN. HSG
(2).9.3.2012..
p s:

% theoa = 60%
% theob = 40%

19.
Ha tan 1,74g MnO2 trong 200ml axit clohiric 2M. Tnh nng (mol/l) ca HCl v MnCl 2 trong
dung dch sau khi phn ng kt thc. Gi thit kh clo thot hon ton khi dung dch v th tch ca
dung dch khng bin i.
p s: CM (HCl) = 1,6mol/l ; CM (MnCl2 ) = 0,1mol/l.

20.
T mt tn mui n c cha 5% tp cht, ngi ta iu ch c 1250 lt dung dch HCl 37% (D
= 1,19 g/ml) bng cch cho lng mui n trn tc dng vi axit sunfuric m c v un nng. Tnh
hiu sut ca qu trnh iu ch trn.
p s:
H% = 92,85%

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HALOGEN. HSG
(2).9.3.2012..

p s:

mNa2SO4 = 4,642g;
mNa2SO3 = 1,134g;
mNaHSO4 = 3,744g;
C Br2 = 0,225M.

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