I HC QUC GIA TP.

HCM
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA
-----------------

NGUYN TH DUY

XY DNG M HNH NG X PHA CHO M KH

CONDENSATNG DNG D BO KHAI THC CHO M
KH HNG NG, BN TRNG CU LONG

Chuyn ngnh: a cht du kh ng dng

M s hc vin: 09360599

LUN VN THC S

TP. H Ch Minh, thng 07 nm 2012

Cng trnh c hon thnh ti: Trng i hc Bch Khoa-HQG-HCM

Cn b hng dn khoa hc : ......................................................................

Cn b chm nhn xt 1 : ...........................................................................

Cn b chm nhn xt 2 : ...........................................................................

Lun vn thc s c bo v ti Trng i hc Bch Khoa, HQG Tp.

HCM ngy . . . . . thng . . . . nm . . . . .
Thnh phn Hi ng nh gi lun vn thc s gm:
(Ghi r h, tn, hc hm, hc v ca Hi ng chm bo v lun vn thc s)
1. ................................................................
2. ................................................................
3. ................................................................
4. ................................................................
5. ................................................................
Xc nhn ca Ch tch Hi ng nh gi LV v Trng Khoa qun l chuyn
ngnh sau khi lun vn c sa cha (nu c).
CH TCH HI NG

TRNG KHOA...................

LI CM N

Sau mt thi gian hc tp, nghin cu v lm vic mt cch nghim tc, lun vn
cao hc chuyn ngnh i Cht Du Kh ng Dng vi ti nghin cu XY
DNG M HNH NG X PHA CHO M KH CONDENSAT-NG DNG D
BO KHAI THC CHO M KH HNG NG, BN TRNG CU LONG ca
hc vin Nguyn Th Duy hon tt. c c thnh qu ny, tc gi nhn c
rt nhiu s gip trong vic truyn t kin thc, kinh nghim v tn tnh ch bo
ca cc thy c gio trong khoa K thut a cht v Du kh - i hc Bch Khoa
TPHCM, cc thy hng dn, cn b phn bin, lnh o phng v bn b ng nghip
trong cng ty.
Tc gi xin by t lng bit n chn thnh i vi s ging dy y nhit huyt
ca cc thy c ging vin khoa K thut a Cht & Du Kh trng i hc Bch
Khoa thnh ph H Ch Minh trong sut qu trnh hon thnh kha cao hc ti trng.
c bit xin chn thnh cm n s gip v hng dn nhit tnh, tn tm ca
cn b hng dn: TS Mai Cao Ln hng dn tc gi t lc lp cng v hon
thnh bn lun vn ny.
Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh, thang 07/2012.
Nguyn Th Duy

TM TT LUN VN
Trc khi c th s dng m hnh thy ng lc d bo khai thc v nh gi
cc yu t c th tc ng n qu trnh khai thc ca mt m mi, cc nghin cu chi
tit v cc mt c tnh cha v c tnh ca cht lu trong cha, phi c tin
hnh mt cch cn thn. Trong vic nghin cu cc c tnh cht lu s cho ci nhn
tng quan v s bin i gia cc pha hay cn gi l ng x pha trong cng mt cht
lu, l yu t u vo rt quan trng c bit l trong cc va kh condensat. Nu khng
nghin cu y v cn thn cng nh khng m phng li c cc ng x pha theo
s bin i p sut v nhit th s khng nh gi c ht cc ri ro do s tch pha
lng cng nh ng thi ca m kh condensat do s suy gim p sut trong qu trnh
khai khc.
V th lun vn ny c thc hin vi mc ch tm hiu c s l thuyt, t
ng dng vo thc tin xy dng m hnh ng x pha bng phng trnh trng thi ph
hp cho i tng kh condensat c th. Trong quy trnh xy dng m hnh ng x
pha tng qut c trnh by ti Chng 2 ca lun vn. Quy trnh c th c p dng
c chn lc v nu ln quan im c nhn c nu ln trong Chng 3, khi p dng
vo thc tin xy dng m hnh ng x pha cho m kh condensat Hng ng. Kt
qu m phng cc ng x pha bng phng trnh trng thi sau khi c hiu chnh
v t tin cy s c ng dng vo m hnh thy ng lc c tnh du ci tin
d bo khai thc v nh gi cc yu t c th nh hng n qu trnh khai thc c
nu ln trong Chng 4 ca lun vn.
ngha thc tin ca lun vn l nu ln c quy trnh xy dng m hnh
ng x pha p dng cho kh condensat (c s h tr ca phn mm thng mi PVTi
ca Schlumberger), t cch kim tra thng s u vo, la chn cc thng s hiu
chnh, cch nh gi trng s cc thng s hiu chnh, th t hiu chnh ng thi
khi ng dng kt qu m phng cc ng x pha vo m hnh thy ng lc tp F m
kh condensat Hng ng, sau khi hiu chnh ph hp vi s liu th va DST,
d bo khai thc cho m a ra c mt s nhn nh v s lng ging khai thc
ti u, ch khai thc ph hp vi mc tin cy ca s liu hin ti, nh gi mc
nh hng ca cc yu t khng chc chn n h s thu hi

ii

Tuy nhin, lun vn vn cn mt s hn ch do nguyn nhn khch quan: thiu

thng tin d bo v nhu cu s dng kh trong sut qu trnh d bo khai thc (ng
vai tr l yu t kim sot v mt kinh t); cha nh gi c cc yu t khng chc
chn nh hng n h s thu hi trn bin kho st rng (do gii hn v thi gian
thc hin ti); v mt thc tin ca m hnh cn thiu s ng gp ca tp E m kh
Hng ng (khng c kho st trong lun vn ny), tuy vai tr ca tp E trong m
kh Hng ng ch chim mt phn ba v mt tr lng kh ti ch, nhng trong qu
trnh khai thc nu c th nh gi thm tc ng ca tp E th mc thc tin ng
gp s cao hn mc d bo hin ti.
Cui cng, lun vn t c mt s ngha thc tin nht nh c th c
tham kho ng dng cho cc nghin cu tng t hoc lm ti liu tham kho cho
nhng nghin cu c lin quan.

iii

MC LC
M U .......................................................................................................................xiv
CHNG 1: C S L THUYT ................................................................................ 1
1.1 L thuyt v ng x pha .......................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 Khi nim c bn ............................................................................................ 1
1.1.2 ng x pha ca cc h hydrocacbon.............................................................. 1
1.1.2.1 H n cu t ...................................................................................... 1
1.1.2.2 H hai cu t ....................................................................................... 3
1.1.2.3 H a cu t ........................................................................................ 5
1.2 c trng c bn ca kh condensat........................................................................ 8
1.2.1 Tnh cht c bn ca kh condensat ............................................................... 8
1.2.2 c trng dng chy ca kh condensat ....................................................... 10
1.2.2.1 ng x v trng thi cn bng pha ................................................... 10
1.2.2.2 S thay i ng x pha trong qu trnh khai thc ............................ 11
1.2.2.3 ng x dng chy kh condensat ln cn ging khoan .................... 12
1.2.2.4 Hin tng tch t condensat vng cn y ging ............................ 14
1.3 Cc phng php ly mu v cc th nghim phn tch PVT ............................... 15
1.3.1 Cc phng php ly mu cht lu .............................................................. 15
1.3.1.1 Phng php ly mu y ging ...................................................... 16
1.3.1.2 Phng php ly mu b mt ........................................................... 17
1.3.2 Cc th nghim phn tch PVT ca kh condensat ....................................... 18
1.3.2.1 Th nghim CCE ............................................................................... 18
1.3.2.2 Th nghim CVD .............................................................................. 20
iv

1.4 Tnh ton cn bng pha v phng trnh trng thi .............................................. 21
1.4.1 Tnh ton cn bng pha ................................................................................ 21
1.4.1.1 T s cn bng pha Ki ...................................................................... 21
1.4.1.2 Tnh ton cn bng hai pha ............................................................... 22
1.4.1.3 Tnh ton t s cn bng pha cho cc thnh phn nng ................... 24
1.4.2 Phng trnh trng thi ................................................................................. 25
1.4.2.1 Phng trnh trng thi Van der Waals ............................................ 26
1.4.2.2 Phng trnh trng thi Redlich-Kwong (RK): ................................ 30
1.4.2.3 Phng trnh trng thi Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) .................... 31
1.4.2.4 Phng trnh trng thi Peng-Robinson (PR) ................................... 35
1.4.3 ng dng ca phng trnh trng thi ......................................................... 38
1.4.3.1 Tnh h s cn bng pha Ki .............................................................. 38
1.4.3.2 Tnh p sut im sng Pd ............................................................. 39
1.4.3.3 Tnh p sut pha kh pv .................................................................... 41
1.5 M t thnh phn Hydrocacbon nng ................................................................... 42
1.5.1 Phn loi thnh phn Hydrocacbon .............................................................. 42
1.5.2 Tnh ton cc gi tr ti hn v h s lch tm ......................................... 42
1.5.2.1 Phng php ca Pederson ............................................................... 43
1.5.2.2 Phng php ca Kesler v Lee ....................................................... 43
1.5.3 H s tng tc nh phn .............................................................................. 44
1.5.4 Nguyn tc nhm cc thnh phn nng (lumping) ....................................... 44
2.1 Kim tra d liu u vo ....................................................................................... 46
2.1.1 Phng php kim tra bng th ............................................................... 47
v

2.1.1 Phng php loi tr .................................................................................... 48

2.2 M phng cc th nghim PVT bng phng trnh trng thi .............................. 48
2.2.1 M phng th nghim CCE .......................................................................... 49
2.2.2 M phng th nghim CVD .......................................................................... 50
2.3 Hiu chnh phng trnh trng thi ph hp vi s liu thc nghim ............. 53
2.3.1 La chn cc thng s hiu chnh trong phng trnh trng thi ................ 54
2.3.2 Cc bc hiu chnh thng s trong phng trnh trng thi....................... 54
CHNG 3: XY DNG M HNH NG X PHA CHO M KH CONDENSAT
HNG NG ............................................................................................................... 57
3.1 Kim tra v xy dng d liu u vo .................................................................. 57
3.1.1 Kim tra d liu u vo .............................................................................. 57
3.1.2 Xy dng d liu u vo ............................................................................ 58
3.1.2.1 D liu thnh phn cht lu.............................................................. 58
3.1.2.2 D liu thc nghim t cc th nghim PVT .................................... 59
3.2 La chn phng trnh trng thi .......................................................................... 61
3.3 M phng th nghim bng phng trnh trng thi ............................................. 62
3.3.1 Kt qu m phng trc khi hiu chnh ....................................................... 63
3.3.2 Kt qu m phng sau khi hiu chnh .......................................................... 67
3.3.2.1 La chn cc thng s hiu chnh trong phng trnh trng thi..... 67
3.3.2.2 Cc bc hiu chnh thng s trong phng trnh trng thi ........... 68
3.3.2.3 Kt qu qu trnh m phng th nghim PVT bng phng trnh
trng thi sau khi hiu chnh...................................................................................... 70
3.3.3 nh gi kt qu m phng .......................................................................... 74

vi

CHNG 4: NG DNG M HNH NG X PHA D BO KHAI THC

CHO M KH CONDENSAT HNG NG ............................................................. 77
4.1 Tng quan v i tng nghin cu...................................................................... 77
4.1.1 Lch s thm d v thm lng .................................................................... 77
4.1.1.1 V tr m kh condensat Hng ng ................................................ 77
4.1.1.2 Lch s thm d v thm lng ........................................................ 78
4.1.2 S lc c im a tng khu vc m kh condensat Hng ng ............. 79
4.1.3 Tr lng kh ti ch tp F m kh Hng ng .......................................... 82
4.2 M hnh thy ng lc m kh Hng ng .......................................................... 83
4.2.1 Tnh cht cha v cht lu va ................................................................. 83
4.2.1.1 Tnh cht cha.............................................................................. 83
4.2.1.2 Tnh cht cht lu va ....................................................................... 86
4.2.2 M hnh thy ng lc ................................................................................. 91
4.2.2.1 M hnh a cht ............................................................................... 91
4.2.2.2 M hnh thy ng lc ..................................................................... 94
4.2.3 Kt qu bi ton m phng........................................................................... 97
4.2.3.1 Hiu chnh gi tr tr lng kh ti ch ban u............................... 97
4.2.3.2 Hiu chnh m hnh ph hp vi d liu th va ti ging HD-1X
(DST#2) v ging HD-3X (DST#1)............................................................................... 97
4.2.3.3 D bo khai thc ............................................................................. 102
Kt lun kin ngh ........................................................................................................ 110

vii

DANH SCH HNH V

Hnh 1.1 Biu p sut Th tch ca h n cu t .................................................. 2
Hnh 1.2 Biu p sut Nhit ca h n cu t.................................................. 3
Hnh 1.3 Biu p sut Th tch ca h hai cu t ................................................... 4
Hnh 1.4 Biu p sut Nhit ca h hai cu t ................................................... 4
Hnh 1.5 Biu p sut Nhit ca h a cu t .................................................... 5
Hnh 1.6 Biu pha p sut-Nhit ca kh kh ....................................................... 6
Hnh 1.7 Biu pha p sut-Nhit ca kh t ........................................................ 6
Hnh 1.8 Biu pha p sut-Nhit ca kh ngng t ngc .................................... 7
Hnh 1.9 Biu pha p sut-Nhit ca du th ....................................................... 8
Hnh 1.10 Biu tam gic phn loi cht lu Du-Kh da vo thnh phn ................ 9
Hnh 1.11 Biu pha p sut-Nhit ca va kh condensat ................................... 10
Hnh 1.12 nh hng ca thnh phn n ng bao pha trong qu trnh gim p ..... 11
Hnh 1.13 M hnh thay i thnh phn kh condensat trong qu trnh khai thc ......... 12
Hnh 1.14 Biu phn chia 3 vng ng x khc nhau ca dng chy kh condensat . 13
Hnh 1.15 Biu minh ha s thay i bo ha Du v linh ng ca tng pha
theo vng ........................................................................................................................ 14
Hnh 1.16 Biu m t s hnh thnh condensat tch t vng cn y ging ............. 15
Hnh 1.17 Biu phn b p sut theo su m t ranh gii Kh-Du v Du-Nc
........................................................................................................................................ 17
Hnh 1.18 S thit b b mt trong phng php ly mu b mt ............................ 18
Hnh 1.19 Biu minh ha th nghim CCE i vi kh Condensat ........................... 19
Hnh 1.20 Biu minh ha th nghim CVD i vi kh Condensat .......................... 20
Hnh 1.21 Biu minh ha gi tr hiu chnh h s..................................................... 25
viii

Hnh 1.22 Biu pha h n cu t trong mi tng quan p sut-Th tch ............. 28
Hnh 1.23 S quy trnh tnh t s cn bng pha Ki ................................................... 38
Hnh 2.1 Quy trnh xy dng m hnh ng x pha ........................................................ 46
Hnh 2.2 biu -ct-Logarit gia t l thnh phn vi khi lng phn t ........... 48
Hnh 2-3 Biu thc hin m phng th nghim CVD bng phng trnh trng thi 51
Hnh 3.1 biu -ct-Logarit gia t l thnh phn nng vi khi lng phn t... 57
Hnh 3.2 C s d liu v tng thnh phn ca kh condensat ti ging HD-3X .......... 59
Hnh 3.3 C s d liu v th nghim CVD mu cht lu y ging HD-3X ............... 60
Hnh 3.4 C s d liu v th nghim CCE mu cht lu y ging HD-3X................ 60
Hnh 3.5 C s d liu v th nghim xc nh p sut im sng ............................. 61
Hnh 3.6 La chn phng trnh trng thi v phng php hiu chnh nht ......... 62
Hnh 3.7 bo ha pha lng trong th nghim CCE cha hiu chnh ........................ 63
Hnh 3.8 Th tch tng i trong th nghim CCE cha hiu chnh ............................ 63
Hnh 3.9 Gi tr h s nn pha kh trong th nghim CCE cha hiu chnh .................. 64
Hnh 3.10 Khi lng ring pha kh trong th nghim CCE cha hiu chnh ............... 64
Hnh 3.11 bo ha pha lng trong th nghim CVD cha hiu chnh ...................... 64
Hnh 3.12 Gi tr h s nn pha kh trong th nghim CVD cha hiu chnh................ 65
Hnh 3.13 Gi tr h s nn hai pha trong th nghim CVD cha hiu chnh ................ 65
Hnh 3.14 Khi lng ring pha kh trong th nghim CVD cha hiu chnh .............. 65
Hnh 3.15 La chn cc thng s hi quy trong phn mm PVTi ................................ 67
Hnh 3.16 nh ngha cc thnh phn nng bng phng php nhm .......................... 68
Hnh 3.17 Bng phn tch nhy tng thng s theo ma trn Hessian ....................... 69
Hnh 3.18 Cc thng s c la chn tin hnh hi quy ........................................ 70

ix

Hnh 3.19 bo ha pha lng trong th nghim CCE hiu chnh .......................... 71
Hnh 3.20 Th tch tng i trong th nghim CCE hiu chnh .............................. 71
Hnh 3.21 Gi tr h s nn pha kh trong th nghim CCE hiu chnh .................... 72
Hnh 3.22 Gi tr nht pha kh trong th nghim CCE hiu chnh ....................... 72
Hnh 3.23 Khi lng ring pha kh trong th nghim CCE hiu chnh ................... 72
Hnh 3.24 bo ha pha lng trong th nghim CVD hiu chnh.......................... 73
Hnh 3.25 Gi tr h s nn pha kh trong th nghim CVD hiu chnh.................... 73
Hnh 3.26 Gi tr h s nn hai pha trong th nghim CVD hiu chnh .................... 73
Hnh 3.27 Khi lng ring pha kh trong th nghim CVD hiu chnh .................. 74
Hnh 3.28 Gi tr nht pha kh trong th nghim CVD hiu chnh ...................... 74
Hnh 4.1 V tr m kh condensat Hng ng trong bn trng Cu Long.................... 77
Hnh 4.2 V tr cc ging thm d v thm lng m kh condensat Hng ng ........ 79
Hnh 4.3 Mt ct a chn qua cc ging khoan trong m kh Hng ng................... 80
Hnh 4.5 Quan h rng thm t s liu mu li HD-2X, HD-3X ............................... 84
Hnh 4.6 Kt qu o thm pha kh-du cc ging HD-2X, HD-3X v HD-4X ........ 85
Hnh 4.7 thm pha kh-du cc ging HD-2X, HD-3X v HD-4X sau khi hiu chnh
........................................................................................................................................ 85
Hnh 4.8 Thnh phn mu cht lu tp F ti ging HD-1X v HD-3X tng ng nhau
........................................................................................................................................ 90
Hnh 4.9 Quy trnh xy dng m hnh a cht ............................................................. 91
Hnh 4.10 D liu o a vt l ging khoan ti on ly mu li ................................ 92
Hnh 4.11 Quan h rng - thm t kt qu phn tch mu li thng thng ....... 93
Hnh 4.12 Bn phn b thm tp F m kh Hng ng ...................................... 93
Hnh 4.13 Gi tr thm pha du-kh cho tng bng .................................................. 95
x

Hnh 4.14 Gi tr p sut mao dn cho tng bng .......................................................... 95

Hnh 4.15 Bn phn b bo ha kh theo tng .............................................. 96
Hnh 4.16 La chn thng s PVT cho m hnh thy ng .......................................... 96
Hnh 4.17 Bn phn chia cc khu vc chnh ca m kh Hng ng ...................... 97
Hnh 4.18 M hnh thy ng cc b khu vc ging HD-1X ....................................... 98
Hnh 4.19 Kt qu ph hp gi tr lch s trc khi hiu chnh m hnh ...................... 99
Hnh 4.20 Kt qu ph hp gi tr lch s cui cng sau khi hiu chnh m hnh....... 100
Hnh 4.21 M hnh thy ng cc b khu vc ging HD-3X ..................................... 100
Hnh 4.22 Kt qu ph hp gi tr lch s trc khi hiu chnh m hnh .................... 101
Hnh 4.23 Kt qu ph hp gi tr lch s cui cng sau khi hiu chnh m hnh....... 102
Hnh 4.24 So snh kt qu m hnh ton cc v m hnh cc b ................................ 103
Hnh 4.25 Bn phn b ging khai thc trong trng hp c 30 ging khai thc .. 104
Hnh 4.26 So snh kt qu d bo cc m hnh 30, 23 v 20 ging khai thc ............. 104
Hnh 4.27 Bn phn b ging khai thc trong trng hp c 23 ging khai thc .. 105
Hnh 4.28 kt qu so snh hai ch khai thc cng thi im v tng giai on ..... 106
Hnh 4.29 Kt qu cc phng n khai thc c tnh ti yu t khng chc chn v
thm .............................................................................................................................. 107
Hnh 4.30 Kt qu cc phng n khai thc c tnh ti yu t khng chc chn v
lin thng ...................................................................................................................... 108

xi

DANH SCH BNG BIU

Bng 1.1 Thnh phn v tnh cht vt l c bn ca cc cht lu Du-Kh (Wall, 1982)
.......................................................................................................................................... 9
Bng 2.1 Thnh phn hn hp sau khi nhm cc thnh phn nng ............................... 55
Bng 2.2 V d v quy trnh nhm v hi quy theo Whitson v Brule .......................... 55
Bng 2.3 Cc thng s hi quy ca tng thnh phn ..................................................... 56
Bng 3.1 So snh kt qu th nghim CCE cha hiu chnh vi s liu thc nghim .. 66
Bng 3.2 So snh kt qu th nghim CVD cha hiu chnh vi s liu thc nghim .. 66
Bng 3.3 Bng tiu chun nh gi cht lng hiu chnh ca ConocoPhillips ........... 70
Bng 3.4 So snh kt qu th nghim CVD hiu chnh vi s liu thc nghim ...... 74
Bng 3.5 So snh kt qu th nghim CCE hiu chnh vi s liu thc nghim ...... 75
Bng 4.1 Tr lng Kh ti ch v Kh ng hnh theo phng php Monte-Carlo .... 83
Bng 4.2 S lng mu li cho cc mc ch phn tch RCAL .................................... 84
Bng 4.3 cc thng s c bn ca qu trnh th va m kh Hng ng ...................... 86
Bng 4.4 Thng s va c s dng cho phn tch ti liu th va ging 1X, tp F ... 88
Bng 4.5 Thng s va c s dng cho phn tch ti liu th va ging 3X, tp F ... 88
Bng 4.6 Cc loi mu cht lu thu thp c trong tp F............................................ 88
Bng 4.7 Sn lng khai thc kh v condensat trong cc phng n c tnh ti yu t
nh hng ca thm. ............................................................................................... 108
Bng 4.8 Sn lng khai thc kh v condensat trong cc phng n c tnh ti yu t
nh hng ca lin thng. ....................................................................................... 109

xii

K HIU V T VIT TT
K hiu
= t trng ring.
= h s acentric.
= khi lng ring.
= nht.
iL = h s d bay hi ca thnh phn th i trong pha lng.
Vi = h s d bay hi ca thnh phn th i trong pha kh

a , b = cc hng s tnh ton cc h s a, b ca phng trnh trng thi.

Bg = h s th tch thnh h ca kh.

Bo =h s th tch thnh h ca du.
c = h s th ba trong phng trnh trng thi ba bin.
C = h s nn ng nhit ca cht lu n pha.
f i L = d bay hi ca thnh phn th i trong pha lng.
f i v = d bay hi ca thnh phn th i trong pha kh

kij = h s tng quan nh phn.

Ki = t s cn bng pha
Kw = h s Watson.
M = khi lng phn t.
n = s mol ca hn hp.
nL = s mol ca pha lng.
nv = s mol ca pha kh.

xiii

pd = p sut im ng sng.
pb = p sut im bt kh.
R = hng s kh (hng s v tr).
Tb = nhit im si.
Tc = nhit ti hn.
VL = th tch ca pha lng.
Vrel = th tch tng i.
Vsat = th tch ti p sut bo ha.
xi = t l mol ca thnh phn th i trong pha lng.
yi = t l mol ca thnh phn th i trong pha kh.
zi = t s mol ca thnh phn th i trong hn hp.
Z = h s nn kh.
ZL = h s nn ca pha lng.
Zv = h s nn ca pha kh.
Cc t vit tt
EOS = Equation of state.
CCE = Constant composition expansion.
CVD = Constant volume depletion.
SCN = Single carbon number.
MCN = Multiple carbon number.
PVT = Pressure volume temperature.
NTG= Net to Gross
MBO= Modified black oil.

xiv

M U
1. Tnh cp thit ca ti:
M kh condensat Hng ng l mt trong nhng pht hin quan trng trong bn
trng Cu Long trong nm 2003. Vic khoan thm d v thm lng c tin hnh
ti cu to Hng ng vi cc ging khoan HD-1X, HD-2X, HD-3, HD-4X vo cc
nm 2003, 2005 v 2006. T cc thng s thu c trong qu trnh thm d v thm
lng, vic nghin cu cc thng s va xy dng cc m hnh a cht v m hnh
thy ng c thc hin nhm a ra chin lc khai thc thch hp trong tng lai.
Thng s v PVT l mt trong nhng thng s quan trng xy dng m hnh thy
ng, c bit vi i tng l m kh condensat. Do , thng s th nghim PVT
c thu thp s c phn tch, kim tra v m hnh ha bng cc phng trnh trng
thi thch hp (c hiu chnh ph hp vi cc s liu th nghim), cc phng
trnh trng thi cng chnh xc cng th hin ng bn cht ca cht lu trong mi
trng va. V vy quy trnh xy dng m hnh ng x pha v ng dng ca n trong
m hnh thy ng lc d bo khai thc c chn lm i tng nghin cu chnh.
2. Mc ch v nhim v ca lun vn:
Mc ch nghin cu ca lun vn: nghin cu l thuyt v cc phng trnh
trng thi. ng dng phn mm PVTi cng d liu th nghim cht lu PVT xy
dng m hnh ng x pha cho m kh condensat Hng ng. ng dng kt qu lm
d liu u vo xy dng m hnh thy ng lc cho m kh condensat Hng ng,
t tin hnh d bo khai thc.
Lun vn gii quyt cc nhim v sau:
Xy dng c s l thuyt v ng x pha, la chn phng trnh trng thi EOS
thch hp xy dng m hnh ng x pha thch hp cho i tng nghin cu.
ng dng xy dng m hnh ng x pha bng phn mm PVTi.
ng dng kt qu xy dng m hnh ng x pha vo m hnh thy ng lc c
tnh du ci tin cho i tng nghin cu l m kh Condensat Hng ng, bn trng
Cu Long.
D bo sn lng khai thc cho c i m.

xiv

3. Tnh hnh nghin cu:

Trong cc m hnh thy ng lc ngoi tnh cht ca cha th tnh cht ca
cht lu m i din l cc thng s v PVT ng mt vai tr rt quan trng n
chnh xc ca m hnh. Cc thng s PVT ny m t cc ng x pha iu kin va,
trong ging v ti iu kin b mt cng vi qu trnh thay i cc iu kin ban u
ca m (s thay i v p sut v nhit va). i vi m hnh thy ng lc c tnh
cht lu a thnh phn (compositional model) th s liu PVT cng phi c xy
dng v m phng bng cc phng trnh trng thi ( c ph hp vi cc s liu
thc nghim) mt cch chi tit hn th hin y s thay i ca cc thnh phn
trong qu trnh khai thc. Vic nghin cu cc cng c xy dng thng s PVT
thng qua cc phng trnh trng thi v tng quan thc nghim c thc hin
c trong v ngoi nc vi cc bi bo v bo co c th sau:
3.1. Nguyn Vi Hng, Hong Mnh Tn, D on tnh cht vt l Du m
bng cc tng quan thc nghim PVT, Tuyn tp bo co hi ngh khoa hc
cng ngh Vin Du Kh Vit Nam: 25 nm xy dng v trng thnh
Cc tc gi xy dng cc tng quan ph hp (phng trnh thc nghim) cho
vic d on tnh cht PVT ca du m thm lc a Vit Nam qua vic phn tch hng
trm mu du t hai b Cu Long v Nam Cn Sn (c phn tch ti phng th
nghim PVT ca Vin Du Kh-VPI v Vin NCKH-TK Vietsovpetro). ng thi
thng qua cc thc nghim c xy dng bng cch s dng phn tch hi quy tuyn
tnh d bo p sut bo ha, t sut du-kh, h s th tch, t trng, h s nn v
nht ca m du vi sai s nh so vi s liu thc nghim tc gi cho rng khc
phc c nhng nhc im ca cc nghin cu trc y khi s dng cc tng
quan thng dng nh Standing, Glaso hay Vasquez v Beggs. Cui cng cc tc gi
cn a ra nhn nh c th s dng cc phng trnh thc nghim mi trong vic tnh
ton cc thng s PVT ca cht lu (nh tnh ton p sut bo ha ca du m trong
trng hp khng ly c mu) cho cc khu vc khc trn thm lc a Vit Nam.
3.2. Nguyn Minh Vin, Hin tng tch t condensat vng cn y ging v
chin lt nng cao kh nng khai thc m kh-condensat
Tc gi nu c nguyn nhn hnh thnh condensat trong khu vc ln cn
ging khoan do suy gim p sut di p sut im sng trong qu trnh khai thc v
hu qu ca n tc ng nh th no n h s thu hi ca m kh-condensat. ng

xv

thi tc gi xut s dng m hnh s hc ca Wheaton v Zang (2000) m phng

s hnh thnh condensat trong m cha, trong m hnh ny cho bit s hnh thnh
condensat hay s thay i ca tng phn mole ca thnh phn i do p sut thay i l
hm s ca thi gian t v khng gian r. T nhng bin lun ca mnh tc gi i ti vic
xc lp m hnh thy ng lc cho m kh Bch Kim vi kt lun Vic duy tr ch
khai thc vi p sut y ging cao hay vi ch ko di thi gian suy gim p sut
m s lm nh bt nhng nh hng ca tch t condensat n qu trnh khai thc cng
nh gim i mt lng ng k thnh phn nng tch t nm li trong thnh h. Mc
d, sn lng khai thc c gim nhng ch s khai thc ca cc ging c duy tr tt
cho n cui khong thi gian khai thc, gp phn lm duy tr sn lng n nh v
ko di.
3.3. Nguyn Hong Long, Xy dng m hnh ng x pha cho cc ng dng
m phng m du kh a thnh phn.
Tc gi nhn mnh ngha ca phng trnh trng thi trong vic m phng s
thay i ca cc thnh phn pha khi p sut v nhit thay i s dn ti cc cht lu
nh kh ngng t, du mt dn cc thnh phn nh khi t l mol ca tng thnh
phn trong mi pha bin ng rt ln, dn n lm thay i t l cn bng pha kh-lng
v ng x pha. Tuy nhin vic xy dng phng trnh trng thi tn rt nhiu thi gian
v theo tc gi cn phi hiu r cc thng s c tin cy khng cao nh hng nhiu
n qu trnh hi qui hiu chnh, gip ci thin s ph hp gia cc d liu thc
nghim v d liu tnh ton t phng trnh trng thi bng phn mm PVTi. Bng
cch a ra v d c th tc gi a ra c nhn nh mt cch tng qut v mc
nh hng ca tng thng s c tin cy khng cao, t a ra cc xut v
cc bc hiu chnh cng nh gi v cc la chn ti u cho cc nhm bin hi quy
v quy trnh hiu chnh cho tng bin. Mc d t c nhng kt qu kh quan nhng
tc gi cng kin ngh nn phn tch thm nh hng ca cc m hnh nhm thnh
phn hydrocacbon n qu trnh hiu chnh m hnh ng x pha khi c thm iu kin
v thi gian.
3.4. D.l.OReilly, University of Adelaide, Comparative PVT Simulation: An
application to Australasian Fluid Samples, SPE-129517.
Bi bo nu ln kt qu so snh chnh xc ca cc phng trnh trng thi
(EOS) trong cc th nghim PVT, v m phng cc ng x pha v th tch pha ca cc
mu cht lu khc nhau c thu thp ti cc khu vc ca nc c. Cc phng trnh
xvi

trng thi c s dng so snh bao gm 9 phng trnh trng thi: Soave-RedlichKwong (SRK), Peng-Robinson (PR), Adachi-Lu (AL), Patel-Teja (PT), SchmidtWenzel (SW), Esmaeilzadeh-Roshanfekr (ER), ngoi 6 phng trnh trng thi thng
dng trn 3 phng trnh SPR, PR v ER ci tin c hiu chnh bng phn mm
MATLAB c s dng trong m phng. Kt qu so snh chnh xc ca tng
phng trnh trng thi khi m phng cc trng thi v th tch pha ca cc mu cht
lu khc nhau c kt lun:
- i vi kh condensat cc phng trnh trng thi Peng-Robinson (PR), SoaveRedlich-Kwong (SRK), Esmaeilzadeh-Roshanfekr (ER), Patel-Teja (PT) cho kt qu
tng ng vi kt qu thc nghim. Trong phng trnh trng thi EsmaeilzadehRoshanfekr (ER) vi 4 bin c hiu chnh cho kt qu gn vi kt qu thc nghim
nht.
- i vi du thng thng cc phng trnh trng thi 3 bin mang tnh i din
nht l cc phng trnh Patel-Teja (PT), Schmidt-Wenzel (SW) v EsmaeilzadehRoshanfekr (ER).
- i vi du c p sut bo ha thp vi thnh phn ch yu l cc thnh phn
trung bnh th kt qu m phng bng cc phng trnh trng thi u cho kt qu gn
ging vi kt qu thc nghim v sai khc cc phng trnh trng thi khc nhau l
khng nhiu.
- i vi du nh c tnh cht va ca pha lng va ca pha kh nn trng thi
pha ca n c m phng qua cc phng trnh trng thi khc nhau cho nhng kt
qu khc nhau nh: Esmaeilzadeh-Roshanfekr (ER) 4 bin cho kt qu matching tt
nht vi thng s th tch trong th nghim CVD trong khi phng trnh PengRobinson ci tin li cho kt qu h s nn kh Z vi sai s nh nht
3.5. A.H. El-Banbi, K.A. Fattah and M.H. Sayyouh: New Modified Black-Oil
Correlations for Gas Condensat and Volatile Oil Fluids, SPE 102240.
Bi bo nu ln vic pht trin cc cng thc tng quan mi t m hnh c tnh
du ci tin (MBO-modified black oil) v ng dng ca n cho cc m hnh m kh
condensat v du nh (ban u phng php MBO c s dng m phng m
cha vi 3 thnh phn ch yu l: kh kh, du v nc). Trong bo co c 4 thng s
PVT c quan tm kho st chnh l t s du-kh (Rv), t s kh ha tan-du (Rs), h
s thnh h th tch ca Du (Bo) v h s thnh h th tch ca kh (Bg), trong h
xvii

s du-kh, thng s quan trng trong cc tnh ton cn bng vt cht v m hnh thy
ng lc a thnh phn E300, khng th tnh ton bng cc tng quan thng thng
trong m hnh c tnh du m phi c tnh thng qua cc th nghim trong phng
lab kt hp vi cc phng trnh trng thi c tnh ton t m. xy dng c cc
tng quan mi (cng thc thc nghim) cc tc gi s dng phng php Whitson
& Torp kt hp vi 1850 gi tr t kt qu phn tch PVT ca 8 mu kh condensat,
1180 gi tr t kt qu phn tch 6 mu du nh) xy dng cc thng s PVT (cc
thng s ny phi ph hp vi kt qu thc nghim v phng trnh trng thi ca cht
lu). Kt qu cc tng quan mi gip cho vic tnh ton 4 thng s PVT t s du-kh
(Rv), t s kh ha tan-du (Rs), h s thnh h th tch ca Du (Bo) v h s thnh h
th tch ca kh (Bg), tr nn chnh xc hn trong cc m hnh m kh-condensat v
du nh.
4. Phng php nghin cu:
Phng php nghin cu ca ti l da trn c s l thuyt v tnh cht ca
cht lu, cc th nghim PVT v cc phng trnh trng thi EOS xy dng m hnh
ng x pha, ng dng cho i tng nghin cu l m kh Condensat Hng ng.
Ngoi ra, cc cng c c th h tr cho vic xy dng m hnh ng x pha l cng c
PVTi. Trong thi gian nghin cu ti, phn mm ECLIPSE c s dng phc
v cho qu trnh xy dng m hnh thy ng lc c tnh du ci tin v hiu chnh li
m hnh cho ph hp vi s liu thc nghim.
5. Ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti:
Phn tch, kim tra d liu u vo, nu ln quy trnh c th xy dng m hnh
ng x pha cho kh condensat vi i tng nghin cu l cht lu thu thp t m kh
condensat Hng ng. ay l mt trong nhng thng tin u vo quan trng trong quy
trnh xy dng m hnh thy ng lc, c bit vi m hnh m hnh thy ng c
tnh du ci tin.
ng dng kt qu xy dng m hnh ng x pha lm u vo xy dng m hnh
thy ng lc c tnh du ci tin (MBO) cho m kh condensat Hng ng, l mt
m hon ton mi cha c cc thng s khai thc thc t nh gi c tt c cc
ri ro c th gp trong qu trnh khai thc. Kt qu m phng bng m hnh thy dng
lc khi s dng thng s u vo c tnh PVT ca cht lu c xy dng trn s l
c s d bo khai thc t a ra phng n khai thc s b hp l, nh gi tim

xviii

nng khai thc ca m (nh hng ca s lng ging khoan, v nh hng ca cc

thng s khng chc chn n h s thu hi).
6. Cu trc ca lun vn:
Lun vn bao gm m u, kt lun v kin ngh, ni dung chnh gm 4 chng
v phn kt lun kin ngh sau y:
Chng 1: l chng c s l thuyt cho lun vn. Trong chng trnh s trnh by
cc ng x pha ca cc h Hydrocacbon t n gin n phc tp, tp trung vo ng
x pha ca kh ngng t ngc v cc c trng ca n. Ngoi ra cn cp n quy
trnh ly mu cht lu, cc th nghim PVT p dng cho kh condensat, cc tnh ton
cn bng pha, gii thiu cc phng trnh trng thi (EOS) thng dng v cc ng
dng ca n.
Chng 2: nu ln quy trnh xy dng m hnh ng x pha mt cch tng qut.
Chng 3: ng dng quy trnh xy dng m hnh ng x pha Chng 2 p dng
cho 1 i tng c th l cht lu m kh condensat Hng ng, bn trng Cu Long.
Chng 4: ng dng m hnh ng x pha t chng 3 lm c s d liu u vo cho
m hnh thy ng lc c tnh du ci tin (MBO) d bo khai thc m kh
condensat Hng ng.
Phn Kt lun v kin ngh:

xix

CHNG 1: C S L THUYT
Chng 1 s trnh by cc ng x pha ca cc h Hydrocacbon t n gin n
phc tp, tp trung vo ng x pha ca kh ngng t ngc v cc c trng ca n, l
i tng nghin cu chnh ca lun vn ny. Ngoi ra cn cp n quy trnh ly
mu cht lu, cc th nghim PVT p dng cho kh condensat, cc tnh ton cn bng
pha, gii thiu cc phng trnh trng thi (EOS) thng dng v cc ng dng ca n.
1.1 L thuyt v ng x pha
1.1.1 Khi nim c bn
Pha l cc phn c cng cu trc, cng trng thi, c tnh cht c l ha xc
nh v cc pha phn cch nhau bi cc ranh gii phn chia.
ng x pha l s thay i pha (pha rn lng kh) di tc ng ca iu kin
nhit v p sut nht nh, nh tinh th (pha rn) s chuyn thnh nc (pha
lng) khi nhit tng, nu tip tc gia tng v p sut th nc s chuyn thnh hi
(pha kh).
Nhng biu ton hc hay thc nghim th hin cc iu kin vt l lin quan
n s bin i ca cc pha c gi l biu pha.
1.1.2 ng x pha ca cc h hydrocacbon
Du-kh thng thng l hn hp ca nhiu cu t, hiu c ng x pha ca
hn hp ny ta kho st ln lt ng x pha cc h cu t t n gin n phc tp:
1.1.2.1 H n cu t
H n cu t l h hydrocacbon n gin nht, ch cha mt loi nguyn t hay
phn t (h sch). Hiu r mi quan h gia p sut, nhit v th tch ca h n
cu t l nn tng nghin cu ng x pha cc h hydrocacbon phc tp.
Theo quy tc pha, i vi h n cu t, hai pha ch cn s dng mt thng s
nhit hay p sut m t trng thi nhit ng hc ca h thng. Kho st nh
hng ca p sut v th tch n ng x pha ca h n cu t c biu din biu
pha, hnh 1.1:
Vi: pc , p sut ti hn
1

Tc , nhit ti hn
Vc , th tch ti hn

Hnh 1.1 Biu p sut Th tch ca h n cu t

Vng bn trong ca biu c gii hn bi hai ng p sut bo ha BC
(ng p sut im bt kh, i din cht lng bo ha) v CA (ng p sut im
ng sng, i din thnh phn hi bo ha) l vng hai pha Lng + Kh. Vng bn
tri ca biu l pha lng v bn phi l pha kh. im C l im ti hn, ti y tnh
cht vt l ca pha lng v pha kh ging nhau, vi p sut v nhit tng ng l p
sut ti hn pc v th tch ti hn Vc .
Kho st h n cu t trn biu p sut Nhit ( p / T ), ta c biu pha,
hnh 1.2:

Hnh 1.2 Biu p sut Nhit ca h n cu t

Biu p / T c trng cho h n cu t vi ng lin nt th hin ranh gii
gia cc pha ring bit: ng lin nt BA ch s cng tn ti hai pha Rn + Kh
trng thi cn bng, tng t AD ch s cng tn ti hai pha Rn + Lng, AC (ng
cong p sut ha hi hay ng cng im si) tn ti hai pha Kh + Lng v kt thc
ti im ti hn C. ng vi im ti hn C, nhit ti hn TC l nhit m trn gi
tr ny, hn hp Lng - Kh khng th tn ti cng nhau bt k gi tr p sut. Tng
t, p sut ti hn PC l p sut m trn gi tr ny, hai pha Lng - Kh cng khng th
tn ti cng nhau bt k nhit no.
1.1.2.2 H hai cu t
c trng c bn ca h hai cu t l ng thi vi s thay i thnh phn cu t
th cc tnh cht nhit ng lc v tnh cht vt l s c s thay i tng ng. V th
i vi h hai cu t cn thit phi xc nh t phn mol v khi lng tng thnh
phn trong h. Th nghim nn ng nhit, s dng piston nn mt lng xc nh cht
lu cha hai thnh phn (hai cu t) trong xylanh vi tn tht ma st khng ng k
nh trn ta c biu p sut-Th tch, hnh 1.3:

Hnh 1.3 Biu p sut Th tch ca h hai cu t

Tip tc kho st h hai cu t trn biu p sut Nhit ( p / T ), ta c biu
pha, hnh 1.4:

Hnh 1.4 Biu p sut Nhit ca h hai cu t

Hnh 1.4 m phng biu gm hai ng cong: ng p sut im bt kh v
ng p sut im ng sng. Hai ng ny ct nhau ti im ti hn C. Ti im

ny th tnh cht vt l ca hai pha lng v kh ging nhau. Khc vi h n cu t, hai

pha c th cng tn ti p sut v nhit ln hn p sut v nhit ti hn. p
sut cao nht m hai pha c th cng tn ti l p sut ngng ti hn,
pcb (cricondenbar-trn gi tr p sut ny th kh khng th tn ti bt k nhit
no). Nhit cao nht m hai pha c th cng tn ti gi l nhit ngng ti
hn, Tct (cricondentherm-trn gi tr nhit ny th lng khng th tn ti bt k p
sut no). Nh vy im khc bit chnh gia h n cu t v h hai cu t l im ti
hn khng xc nh s m rng ca vng hai pha.
1.1.2.3 H a cu t
H a cu t l h c trng cho cc cht lu Du-Kh (phn ln l cc cu t
hydrocacbon). ng x pha ca h a cu t hydrocacbon n gin tng t nh ng
x pha ca h hai cu t. Tuy nhin, cc h a cu t phc tp hn vi nhiu thnh
phn khc nhau th ng x pha ca h ny rt nhy cm vi s thay i ca p sut v
nhit . ng x pha ca h a cu t c biu din qua biu p sut Nhit
( p / T ), hnh 1.5, sau:

Hnh 1.5 Biu p sut Nhit ca h a cu t

H a cu t vi cc thnh phn khc nhau s c cc biu pha tng ng khc

nhau, do biu pha ca h a cu t c s dng phn loi cc cht lu DuKh. Kho st mt vi biu pha c trng cho tng loi cht lu Du-Kh c bn
nh (hnh 1.6) sau:

Hnh 1.6 Biu pha p sut-Nhit ca kh kh

Kh kh tn ti trong iu kin nhit va ln hn nhit ngng ti hn
, Tct (cricondentherm) v iu kin p sut, nhit bnh tch nm ngoi vng hai pha.
Trong qu trnh gim p t im A n iu kin bnh tch, kh kh ch tn ti trng
thi mt pha kh, nh hnh 1.7:

Hnh 1.7 Biu pha p sut-Nhit ca kh t

Kh t tn ti trong iu kin nhit va ln hn nhit ngng ti hn

, Tct (cricondentherm), nhng iu kin p sut, nhit bnh tch, kh t tn ti
trng thi hai pha ( iu kin va kh t tn ti di dng pha kh, iu kin bnh
tch mt phn pha kh ngng t thnh pha lng), hnh 1.8:

Hnh 1.8 Biu pha p sut-Nhit ca kh ngng t ngc

Ti p sut va ban u (1) kh ngng t ngc ch tn ti trng thi pha kh.
Trong qu trnh khai thc, p sut va gim ng nhit t im (1) n im (2), im
ng sng, pha lng bt u xut hin, kh ngng t trng thi hai pha lng-kh. Khi
p sut va tip tc gim, t l phn trm pha lng tng ln v t cc i ti im (3).
Tuy nhin, khi p sut tip tc gim thnh phn lng ha hi ngc tr li lm phn
trm pha lng trong kh ngng t gim dn n (4), qu trnh ny gi l qu trnh
ngng t ngc. Cui cng, ti iu kin bnh tch, kh ngng t ngc tn ti trng
thi hai pha lng v kh, nh hnh 1.9:

Hnh 1.9 Biu pha p sut-Nhit ca du th

Ti p sut va ban u (1) h tn ti trng thi pha lng, trong qu trnh gim
p ti E, pha kh bt u xut hin v tng dn ti F, tng ng vi s suy gim t l
pha lng v p sut va. Ti bnh tch G, h tn ti hai pha lng v kh.
1.2 c trng c bn ca kh condensat
i tng nghin cu ca lun vn ny l kh condensat, h cht lu Du-Kh c
ng x pha v c trng dng chy bin i phc tp theo s suy gim ca p sut, do
cn thit phi nghin cu, nh gi cc tnh cht vt l ca n mt cch cn thn.
1.2.1 Tnh cht c bn ca kh condensat
Cht lu Du-Kh tn ti a dng trong cc th cha, n c th l kh kh (khng
cha bt k thnh phn lng no) cho n cht lng, cht rn (nha ng, bitum).
Cht lu Du-Kh c phn loi da trn mu sc, t trng, t s Kh-Du GOR v
thnh phn ca n (hnh 1.10), ti iu kin v nhit xc nh:

Hnh 1.10 Biu tam gic phn loi cht lu Du-Kh da vo thnh phn
Bng 1.1 Thnh phn v tnh cht vt l c bn ca cc cht lu Du-Kh (Wall, 1982)
Thnh phn
Mtan
tan
Propan
Butan
Pentan
Hcxan
C7+
Khi lng phn t C7+
T s Kh-Du (Scf/Bbl)
T s Lng-Kh
(Bbl/MMScf)
T trng API
Mu sc

Du nngtrung bnh
48.83
2.75
1.93
1.60
1.15
1.59
42.15
225
625
1,600
<34.3
Xanh/en

Du nh

Condensat

Kh

64.36
7.52
4.74
4.12
2.97
1.38
14.91
181
2,000
500

87.07
4.39
2.29
1.74
0.83
0.60
3.80
112
182,000
55

95.85
2.67
0.34
0.52
0.08
0.12
0.42
157
105,000
9.5

50.1
Nu/pht

60.8
Vng nht

54.7
Khng mu

Kh condensat c trng bi t s condensat-kh (CGR) t 30 n 300 thng pha

lng (condensat ngng t) trn mt triu b khi kh ti iu kin chun. su hu
ht ca cc va kh condensat vo khong 5,000-10,000ft, p sut va t 3,000-8,000
psi v nhit va khong 200-400oF.
1.2.2 c trng dng chy ca kh condensat
1.2.2.1 ng x v trng thi cn bng pha
ng x pha ca h a cu t kh condensat ph thuc vo biu pha v iu
kin va cha. Kho st biu pha p sut-Nhit tiu biu ca va kh condensat ,
(hnh 1.11) nh sau:

Hnh 1.11 Biu pha p sut-Nhit ca va kh condensat

Biu pha ca kh condensat tng t biu pha ca h a cu t kh ngng
t ngc, vi ng bao pha c gi tr t thay i cng vi s thay i p sut ti iu
kin nhit va ln hn im ti hn v ngc li. Ty thuc vo gi tr nhit v
p sut ban u ca va c th phn chia:
Va ch tn ti pha kh: ti im A (hnh 1.11) p sut va gim ng nhit theo
ng A-A, nhit va ln hn nhit ngng ti hn (cricondentherm) nn va
khng tn ti hai pha vi bt k p sut no (pha kh khng ngng t thnh pha lng)
10

Va tn ti hai pha (kh ngng t ngc): ti im B, p sut va gim ng nhit

theo ng B-B1-B2-B3, nhit va nh hn nhit ngng ti hn, p sut va gn
vi ng ng sng. Trong qu trnh gim p, B-B1 ch tn ti 1 pha kh, ti B1 kh
bt u ngng ng thnh pha lng. Qu trnh gim p tip tc di gi tr p sut
im ng sng (B1) t l pha lng tng dn ti (B2), ti y t l pha lng t cc
i. p sut tip tc gim t B2 n B3, pha lng ha hi ngc tr li thnh pha kh
(t l pha lng gim), y chnh l c trng c bn ca kh ngng t ngc.
1.2.2.2 S thay i ng x pha trong qu trnh khai thc
Thc t ti mi trng va, qu trnh gim p khi kh condensat c khai thc
(thay i t trng thi tnh sang trng thi ng) dn n s thay i v thnh phn
v cc tnh cht vt l ca h t nh hng n ng bao pha nh trong hnh 1.12:

Hnh 1.12 nh hng ca thnh phn n ng bao pha trong qu trnh gim p
Nguyn nhn s thay i thnh phn h (dn ti s thay i cc tnh cht vt l)
ca kh condensat c th c minh ha bi hnh 1.13:

11

Hnh 1.13 M hnh thay i thnh phn kh condensat trong qu trnh khai thc
M hnh din t s thay i trong qu trnh kh condensat di chuyn t v tr 1
sang v tr 2 cnh nhau (m phng qu trnh khai thc trong mi trng va). Phn
trn ca m hnh th hin gi tr bo ha du v kh, phn di th hin tng thnh
phn ca h (C1, C4, C10). Trong qu trnh m phng dng chy kh condensat t v
tr 1 sang v tr 2 ch phn ln pha kh thay i hay b khai thc (v tnh linh ng
ca pha kh ln hn nhiu ln linh ng ca pha lng). Tuy nhin, gi tr tnh 2 c
t l ca pha lng v thnh phn nng (C4, C10) tng so vi gi tr tnh ban u nguyn
nhn chnh l do s suy gim p sut nhiu hn 1 (iu kin cn c hn hp di
chuyn t 1 sang 2). Chnh s thay i v bo ha v thnh phn ny dn ti s
thay i v t trng, nht, GOR, ca h.
1.2.2.3 ng x dng chy kh condensat ln cn ging khoan
Theo Fevang (1995), c th chia dng chy ca kh condensat t va vo ging
khoan thnh 3 vng c bn:

12

Hnh 1.14 Biu phn chia 3 vng ng x khc nhau ca dng chy kh condensat
- Vng 3(khu vc n pha) khu vc ch tn ti pha kh (p sut ln hn p sut
im sng).
- Vng 2 (khu vc t l pha lng tng dn theo s suy gim ca p sut) trong
khu vc ny pha kh ngng ng thnh pha lng cng vi s suy gim ca p sut di
p sut im sng. Tuy nhin, bo ha pha lng cha t n mc hnh thnh
dng chy do trong qu trnh khai thc ch c pha kh tham gia vo dng sn phm.
- Vng 1 (khu vc ln cn ging khoan) khu vc p sut suy gim nhanh, bo
ha pha lng tng cao n gi tr ngng, mt phn pha lng bt u tham gia vo
dng chy khai thc lm suy gim t phn dng chy ca pha kh (hnh 1.15). Trong
khu vc ny c pha kh v pha lng cng tham gia vo dng sn phm.
Trong tng khu vc s thay i v p sut va cng nh thnh phn ca h trong
qu trnh khai thc dn ti s thay i v bo ha du v linh ng ca cc pha
Kh Lng nh minh ha theo biu sau:

13

Hnh 1.15 Biu minh ha s thay i bo ha Du v linh ng ca tng

pha theo vng
Biu minh ha mt cch nh lng bn knh nh hng ca tng vng 1,2,3
ng vi s thay i v bo ha pha lng do s suy gim ca p sut xung quanh
vng cn y ging. S hnh thnh ca pha lng ngy cng nhiu dn ti s thay i
thnh phn h, t thay i gi tr linh ng ca tng pha. linh ng ca pha
du tng dn, pha kh gim dn khi dng chy n gn ging khoan.
1.2.2.4 Hin tng tch t condensat vng cn y ging
Trong vng cn ging khoan (vng 1) suy gim nhanh ca p sut dn ti s
ngng t pha lng (s tch t ca cc thnh phn nng) ngy cng nhiu ca kh
condensat trong cc khng gian l rng ca thnh h. S tch t ny (c th chim mt
phn hay hon ton khng gian rng) gy nn s cn tr dng chy i vi cc thnh
phn nh (pha kh), lm gim linh ng ca pha kh (hnh 1.15) nh hng n h
s thu hi sn phm ca va, hin tng ny c gi l hin tng tch t condenate
ti vng ln cn y ging khoan.

14

Hnh 1.16 Biu m t s hnh thnh condensat tch t vng cn y ging

S hiu bit v qu trnh tch t condensat trong cc va kh condensat, c bit l
cc va c h thng thm trung bnh km, gi tr p sut im sng gn vi p sut
va s gip nh qun l c th a ra c cc k hoch khai thc ph hp nhm hn
ch s suy gim h s thu hi sn phm do hin tng ny gy ra.
Nh vy, s hiu bit mt cch c bn cc ng x pha trong cng 1 cht lu, c
bit ti khu vc ln cn ging khoan v cc ri ro ca n l iu rt quan trng cn lu
, trc khi tm hiu su thm v nhng bin i ny bng cc th nghim PVT.
1.3 Cc phng php ly mu v cc th nghim phn tch PVT
1.3.1 Cc phng php ly mu cht lu
Mu cht lu (c xem l i din ca cht lu va) l d liu u vo quan
trng nht ca cc th nghim phn tch PVT v phn tch thnh phn. Do quy trnh
v k hoch ly mu hp l cho tng loi cht lu, cng vi iu kin thit b ph hp
s mang li thng tin chnh xc v ng tin cy hn.
C hai phng php ly mu cht lu c bn: phng php ly mu y ging v
phng php ly mu b mt. Vic la chn phng php ly mu ph hp s ph
thuc vo cc yu t sau:
- Dung tch mu cn ly.
- Loi cht lu va cn ly mu.
- Mc suy gim p sut va.
15

- Thit b b mt v thit b lng ging.

1.3.1.1 Phng php ly mu y ging
Phng php ly mu y ging thng c p dng trong trng hp dung tch
mu cn ly nh (khong 600cm3), nht cht lu khng qu ln c th gy nh
hng n thit b ly mu, p sut y ging c xc nh ln hn p sut bo ha
ca cht lu, thit b lng ging ph hp khng gy kh khn cho vic vn hnh a
thit b ly mu ln v xung su cn ly mu. u im ca phng php ny l
mu cht lu i din cho thnh h. Nhc im l chi ph ly mu cao, ri ro cao
trong qu trnh ly mu.
Quy trnh ly mu c bn tun theo cc bc v iu kin sau:
- Thit lp iu kin va n nh, trong trng hp va cha bo ha phi
m bo p sut ca dng chy y ging ln hn p sut bo ha trnh hin
tng tch pha v hm lng kh ha tan trong cc mu du khng i, gip o
c gi tr Rs chnh xc. i vi cc va bo ha, phng php ly mu ny phi
c ch hn do p sut ca va nh hn p sut bo ha.
- Kho st gi tr nhit v p sut dc thnh h ging khoan ti iu kin
tnh (ng ging) xc nh cc ranh gii Kh-Du, Du-Nc bng biu
p sut theo su, (hnh 1.17).
- Xc nh su im cn ly mu (mu cht lu c ly t khong cho
dng chnh m bo tnh i in cho cht lu va).
- a thit b n su cn ly mu, kch hot thit b v tin hnh thu
thp mu, thng thng nn ly khong 3 mu, kim tra nht qun gia cc
mu bng cch o p sut im bt kh nhit b mt. Cc mu c p sut bt
kh khng sai lch nhau qu 2% c ly lm mu cht lu i din cho va v
gi ti phng th nghim phn tch cc tnh cht PVT.

16

Hnh 1.17 Biu phn b p sut theo su m t ranh gii Kh-Du v Du-Nc
1.3.1.2 Phng php ly mu b mt
Phng php ly mu du v kh ti bnh tch vi nhit , p sut v lu lng
dng chy c ghi nhn y gip tnh ton cc t l kt hp cc mu du v kh
ph hp. Phng th nghim s ti to li cc mu du v kh t c mu cht lu
i din cho va trc khi phn tch th nghim PVT.
Phng php thng c p dng trong cc trng hp: dung tch mu cn ly
ln (thng thng p dng cho cc va kh condensat), cc thit b o c ti bnh tch
c chnh xc ng tin cy, khi mu cht lu ly ti y ging khng i din cho
cht lu va (nh mu y ging b ln nhiu nc)
u im ca phng php ny l c th thu thp c nhiu mu, chi ph ly
mu r, c th ghi nhn c gi tr GOR ng tin cy. Nhc im: mu ly cha
hon ton i din cho cht lu trong va.
Quy trnh ly mu c bn tun theo cc bc v iu kin sau:
- Thit lp iu kin va n nh: n nh lu lng du kh trn b mt, n nh
p sut u ging, n nh p sut dng chy ti y ging, bo m khng c s
tch pha trong qu trnh cht lu chy vo lng ging.

17

- Duy tr s n nh ca dng chy (lu lng khai thc c iu chnh thp

nht c th), tnh ton v ghi nhn chnh xc gi tr GOR ca dng chy.
- Ly mu du v kh ti bnh tch s cp hay bnh tch u tin (hnh 1.18) vi
gi tr p sut bnh tch c ghi nhn kim tra cht lng mu (p sut im
bt kh ca mu c ti kt hp ti nhit bnh tch phi bng vi p sut ca
bnh tch). Ghi nhn chnh xc cc d liu ca mu ly c v gi v phng th
nghim PVT.
Ni cha
mu cht lu
du v kh

Hnh 1.18 S thit b b mt trong phng php ly mu b mt

1.3.2 Cc th nghim phn tch PVT ca kh condensat
i tng nghin cu ca lun vn ny l va kh condensat, do ch c cc th
nghim phn tch PVT c th cho i tng kh condensat s c trnh by
1.3.2.1 Th nghim CCE

18

c tin hnh trong phn tch cho hu ht cc mu cht lu (du, du nh, kh

condensat, kh), l qu trnh m phng s thay i ca cht lu (do qu trnh gim
p) t iu kin va n iu kin b mt, ti tch lm hai pha kh v lng.
T kt qu ca th nghim s tnh ton c cc gi tr: p sut bo ha (p sut
im bt i vi du v p sut im sng vi kh condensat) ti iu kin nhit
va, h s nn ca pha kh.
Qu trnh th nghim c minh ha bng (hnh 1.19), bao gm cc bc c bn:

Hnh 1.19 Biu minh ha th nghim CCE i vi kh Condensat

Th nghim c tin hnh vi iu kin p sut h ban u ln hn p sut im
ng sng ca kh condensat (p>pdew), nhit khng thay i trong sut qu trnh
th nghim (thng thng bng vi gi tr nhit va ban u), th tch kh c ghi
nhn ti tng cp p sut l V tot . p sut c gim tng bc, tng ng l s gia tng
ca th tch h, s thay i v th tch v p sut ny ng thi c ghi nhn. Ti thi
im pha kh u tin bt u xut hin, p sut h bng vi p sut im ng sng
(p=pdew), th tch h lc ny c coi l th tch tham chiu V sat . Th nghim kt thc
khi p sut h tip tc c gim n gi tr trong khong t 50-100 bar (p<<pdew)
Trong sut qu trnh th nghim, ng vi mi cp p sut, gi tr th tch tng
i c nh ngha:
V rel =

V tot
V sat

19

(1-1)

Vi: V rel th tch tng i ca h

V tot th tch ca h ti gi tr p sut nht nh

V sat th tch tham chiu ti gi tr p sut im sng

c bit vi h kh condensat trong th nghim CCE gi tr h s nn kh Z c

xc nh khi p sut h ln hn p sut im sng. Khi p sut h nh hn p sut
im sng, th tch pha lng V liq , c ghi nhn xc nh t l phn trm pha lng
ca h theo cng thc:

V liq
% pha lng = 100 x sat
V

(1-2)

1.3.2.2 Th nghim CVD

c thc hin trong phn tch cc mu kh condensat hoc du nh. Th nghim
c tin hnh tng t nh th nghim CCE ti iu kin h ng nhit (thng thng
l nhit va) mt lng th tch mu nht nh (khong 400 cm3) c cha trong
thit b th nghim c thit k h thng van x, van x s dn lu th tch kh gin n
trong sut qu trnh gim p ca th nghim nhm gi th tch h khng thay i so vi
th tch tham chiu V sat ti iu kin p sut h bng vi p sut im sng.
Qu trnh th nghim c minh ha bng (hnh 1.20), vi mc ch m phng
qu trnh khai thc v s thay i tnh cht cht lu ca h ti iu kin va (nhit v
th tch th cha khng thay i), bao gm cc bc c bn:

Hnh 1.20 Biu minh ha th nghim CVD i vi kh Condensat

20

Th nghim c tin hnh bng cch gim dn p sut h, khi p sut h bng
vi p sut im sng (bt u xut hin pha lng u tin), gi tr p sut P sat v th
tch tham chiu V sat c ghi nhn. Th tch h c gi khng i bng cch rt bt
th tch kh gin n ra ngoi, kh rt ra c nn vo mt thit b phn tch xc nh
t l mol thnh phn i trong pha kh yi , khi lng phn t c xc nh bng t l
phn trm so vi th tch kh iu kin ban u. Th nghim tip tc tin hnh cho
n khi p sut h gim cn khong t 40 n 100 bar. Trong sut qu trnh th nghim
mt s thng s khc c xc nh nh h s nn kh ti iu kin th nghim v h s
nn hai pha.
H s nn hai pha c xc nh nh sau: Z =

pV sat
(ni n p ) RT

(1-3)

Vi: (ni n p ) l s mol ca cht lu cn li thit b th nghim.

1.4 Tnh ton cn bng pha v phng trnh trng thi
1.4.1 Tnh ton cn bng pha
c th chn la thit b khai thc ph hp, cn thit phi tin hnh xc nh
cc iu kin c th ti hai pha quan trng nht ca Hydrocacbon l pha kh v pha
lng c th cng tn ti. Cc iu kin ny c tnh ton da vo cc gi tr nhit ,
p sut, th tch ca h thng qua cc thng s sau:
1.4.1.1 T s cn bng pha Ki
i vi h nhiu thnh phn, t s cn bng pha Ki ca mt thnh phn nht nh
trong hn hp l t s gia t l mol ca thnh phn trong pha kh, yi , v t l mol
ca cng thnh phn trong pha lng, xi .
Ki =

Vi:

yi
xi

(1-4)

Ki t s cn bng pha ca thnh phn th i

Xt n mol hn hp hydrocacbon gm nL mol pha lng v nV mol pha kh, ta c:

n = nL + nv

21

(1-5)

Vi zi l t phn mol ca thnh phn th i trong hn hp, p dng phng trnh

cn bng vt cht cho thnh phn th i, ta c:

zi n = xi nL + yi nv

(1-6)

Vi: zi n tng s mol ca thnh phn th i trong hn hp

xi nL tng s mol ca thnh phn th i trong pha lng
yi nV tng s mol ca thnh phn th i trong pha kh

Xt tng t phn mol trong h hydrocacbon, ta c: zi = xi = yi =1

i

(1-7)

Gi thit mi tnh ton cn bng pha c tnh trn 1 mol hn hp, n = 1 , th

phng trnh (1-7) v (1-8) c thu gn:
nL + nv = 1

(1-8)

xi nL + yi nv = zi

(1-9)

Kt hp hai phng trnh (1-6) v (1-11), ta c:

xi =

zi
zi
=
nL + nv Ki 1 + nv ( Ki 1)

(1-10)

yi =

Ki zi
K i zi
=
nL + nv Ki 1 + nv ( K i 1)

(1-11)

T (1-9) ta c:

y x
i

=0

(1-12)

Kt hp cc phng trnh (1-10), (1-11) v (1-12) ri thu gn cho ta:

f ( nv ) =
i

zi ( K 1)
=0
nv ( K i 1) + 1

(1-13)

Phng trnh th hin mi tng quan gia cc pha trong cc tnh ton thnh
phn ca h hn hp.
1.4.1.2 Tnh ton cn bng hai pha

22

Tnh ton cn bng pha c thc hin tnh ton s lng mol pha lng v kh
ca hydrocacbon cng tn ti trong va hay bnh cha ti iu kin nhit , p sut
nht nh. Cc tnh ton ny cn c th gip xc nh thnh phn tng pha trong hn
hp.
Cc bc tnh ton cn bng hai pha c thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1: xc nh gi tr mol pha kh nv bng phng trnh (1-15) vi phng
php lp Newton-Rapthson nh sau: Gn gi tr bt k cho nv trong khong gi tr t 0
n 1, c th p dng b cng thc sau chn gi tr nv cho ph hp: nv =

A
( A + B)

Ki

Trong : A = [ zi ( K 1)] v B = zi
i

Tnh gi tr f ( nv ) bng phng php lp theo phng trnh (1-13) vi gi tr c

lng nv c gi nh trn, php lp dng ti gi tr f ( nv ) tha mn iu kin cho
trc (v d nh hn gi tr 10-6), y l gi tr cn tm. Trong trng hp ngc li,
quy trnh tnh gi tr f ( nv ) c ti lp theo cc bc:
Tnh li gi tr nv theo cng thc: (nv ) new = nv

[ nv ( Ki 1) + 1]

Trong : f ( nv ) =
i

f ( nv )
f (nv )

zi ( K i 1) 2

p dng phng trnh (1-15) vi gi tr (nv )new va tm c tnh gi tr f ( nv ) ,

sao cho f ( nv ) tha mn iu kin f ( nv ) hay ( nv )new ( nv ) nh hn hoc bng gi tr
sai s cho php.
Bc 2: tnh gi tr nL , gi tr mol pha lng c xc nh bng phng trnh (110), suy ra: nL = 1 nv
Bc 3: gi tr xi , t phn mol ca thnh phn pha lng th i , c xc nh
bng phng trnh (1-12): xi =

zi
zi
=
nL + nv Ki 1 + nv ( Ki 1)

23

Bc 4: gi tr yi , t phn mol ca thnh phn pha kh th i, c xc nh bng

phng trnh (1-13): yi =

K i zi
Ki zi
=
nL + nv K i 1 + nv ( Ki 1)

1.4.1.3 Tnh ton t s cn bng pha cho cc thnh phn nng

T s cn bng pha ca cc thnh phn nng khc vi cc thnh phn n l
nu trn, do bn cht ca thnh phn nng l mt thnh phn gi nh ca hn hp
nhiu thnh phn (thng thng l ca cc thnh phn c s nguyn t cacbon t 7 tr
ln-C7+). Phng php xc nh t s cn bng pha cho thnh phn nng nh sau:
Phng php Winn, c s dng t nm 1954, trong t s cn bng pha ca
thnh phn nng ti iu kin im si trn 210oF c xc nh bi cng thc:
KC + =

(K

K C7
C2

/ KC7

(1-14)

Vi: K C t s cn bng pha ca thnh phn nng

+

K C7 t s cn bng pha thnh phn n-heptan trong h

K C2 t s cn bng pha ca etan
b h s bay hi ca thnh phn nng

Trong h s b c Winn hiu chnh theo gi tr im si (hnh 1-21) c

th hin qua cng thc ton hc:
b = a1 + a2 ( Tb 460 ) + a3 (Tb 460 ) + a4 (Tb 460 ) + a5 (Tb 460 )
2

Vi: Tb im si, oR
a1 = 1.6744337 ; a2 = 3.4563079 103 ; a3 = 6.1764103 106
a4 = 2.4406839 109 ; a5 = 2.9289623 102

24

(1-15)

Hnh 1.21 Biu minh ha gi tr hiu chnh h s

1.4.2 Phng trnh trng thi
Phng trnh trng thi (EOS) l phng trnh biu din mi quan h gia p sut
(P), nhit (T) v th tch (V). Mt phng trnh trng thi c th s m t c th
tch v ng x pha ca cc cht lu va ng thi cn d bo c iu kin hot ng
ca cc thit b b mt. u im khi s dng phng trnh trng thi l cng mt lc
c th m phng hnh trng ca tt c cc pha vi ch 1 phng trnh, bn cnh ng
dng phng trnh trng thi cn c s dng trong vic tnh ton cn bng pha.
Thng thng mt phng trnh trng thi bt k cn phi c cc tnh cht ti hn
v h s lch tm (acentric factor) ca tng thnh phn. Phng trnh trng thi ph
dng nht v n gin nht l phng trnh trng thi ca kh l tng (phng trnh
Van der Waals), phng trnh ny c a ra nm 1857, c th hin bng cng
thc ton hc
p=

RT
V

(1-16)

Vi: p, p sut s(psi)

25

V, th tch kh (ft3/mol)
R, hng s v tr (hng s kh), c gi tr 10.73 psi-ft3/lb-mole, oR
T, nhit (oR)
Cng thc (1-16) c xy dng trn hai gi thit:
Th tch ca cc phn t kh khng ng k so vi tng th tch (th tch bnh
cha) v khong cch ca cc phn t.
Khng c lc tng tc gia cc phn t v gia cc phn t vi bnh cha.
Tuy nhin, i vi kh thc cng thc (1-16) ch p dng c vi iu kin p
sut kh thc gn vi p sut kh quyn ti th nghim c tin hnh. V phm vi
ng dng hn ch ca cng thc (1-16) nhiu phng trnh trng thi phc tp hn
c pht trin. Nt chung ca cc phng trnh ny l c gng m t cc ng x pha
ca cc loi cht lu khc nhau vi s thay i ln v gi tr p sut v nhit . Bn
phng trnh trng thi tiu biu c pht trin thay th phng trnh (1-16) c
trnh by trong lun vn ny bao gm: Van der Waals, Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK),
v Peng-Robingson (PR).
1.4.2.1 Phng trnh trng thi Van der Waals
Nm 1873, pht trin phng trnh trng thi p dng cho kh thc Van der
Waals a ra cc thng s a v b hiu chnh phng trnh (1-18) sao cho cc
gi thit ca phng trnh kh l tng vn ng khi p dng cho kh thc. Phng
trnh trng thi kh thc Van der Waals ci tin c th hin qua cng thc ton hc:
p=

RT
a
2
V b V

(1-17)

Vi: p, p sut (psi)

V, th tch kh (ft3/mol)
R, hng s v tr (hng s kh), c gi tr 10.73 psi-ft3/lb-mole, oR
T, nhit (oR)
a , h s hp dn (attraction parameter)

26

b , h s gin n (repulsion parameter)

Trong h s gin n b dng hiu chnh s gia tng t phn th tch ca phn
t kh iu kin p sut cao. Trong khi phn t

a
V2

l gi tr lc hp dn (hay

lc tng tc) gia cc phn t. Hai h s a v b l cc hng s c trng cho tnh

cht phn t ca tng thnh phn.
T phng trnh trng thi ci tin Van der Waals (1-17) c th rt ra kt lun:
Ti iu kin p sut thp, th tch pha kh V ln hn nhiu so vi th tch
gin n ca cc phn t, do gi tr h s gin n b khng ng k so vi
a
cng khng ng k. Cng thc (1-17)
V2

V , tng t gi tr lc hp dn

c gin lc v phng trnh trng thi kh l tng (1-16).

Ngc li ti iu kin p sut cao ( p ), gi tr th tch pha kh V rt nh
v gn bng gi tr b , th tch thc ca phn t. ( lim V ( p ) = b ).
p

Tm li phng trnh Van der Waals hay bt k mt phng trnh trng thi no
u c dng tng qut:
p = py - pht
Trong phng trnh trng thi Van der Waals ci tin th p lc y-py (prepulsion)
l phn t

RT
a
v p sut ht-pht l phn t 2 . Cc hng s a v b ca tng thnh
V b
V

phn c xc nh bi im ti hn trn ng ng nhit m ti gi tr h s gc

bng 0 (im un), cc gi tr o hm p sut bc 1 v bc 2 ca p sut p theo th
tch V cng bng 0, nh trong (hnh 1.22):

27

Hnh 1.22 Biu pha h n cu t trong mi tng quan p sut-Th tch

RTc
2a
p
=
+ 3 =0
2
V
(Vc b) Vc
Tc , Pc

(1-18)

2 p
2 RTc
6a
=
+ 4 =0
V 2
3

Tc , Pc (Vc b) Vc

(1-19)

Gii cc phng trnh (1-20) v (1-21), ta c:

RT
1
b = Vc = b c
pc
3

(1-20)

R 2Tc 2
8
a = RTcVc = a
pc
9

(1-21)

Vi: R, hng s v tr (hng s kh), c gi tr 10.73 psi-ft3/lb-mole, oR

pc , p sut ti hn, psia

28

Tc , nhit , R
a =0.421875

b =0.125

T cng thc (1-22) cho thy gi tr th tch phn t, b , c gi tr xp x 0.333 gi

tr th tch ti hn Vc (trong khi cc gi tr thc nghim chng minh h s b c gi tr
trong khong t 0.24-0.28 gi tr th tch ti hn Vc i vi thnh phn tinh khit).
Ngoi ra khi p dng nh lut kh thc ti im ti hn kt hp vi cng thc
(1-22) v (1-23) ta c:
Zc =

pcVc
= 0.375
RTc

pcVc = (0.375) RTc (1-22)

hay

Cng thc (1-22) cho thy h s nn kh ti hn Z c (critical gas compressibility

factor) khng ph thuc loi thnh phn kh v lun c gi tr bng 0.375 (trong khi
gi tr thc nghim ca h s nn kh ti hn Z c cho hn hp kh c gi tr trong
khong t 0.23-0.31).
Bin i phng trnh trng thi Van der Waals: p =

RT
a
2 (1-17) theo bin
V b V

th tch, V ta c:

ab
RT 2 a
V 3 b +
V + V = 0

p
p

Thay gi tr V = ZRT / p vo phng trnh trn ta c:

3

ZRT
RT ZRT a ZRT
p b + p p + p p

hay:

Z 3 (1 + B ) Z 2 + AZ AB = 0

Vi: A =

ap
bp
v B =
2 2
RT
RT

Z , l h s nn kh

29

(1-23)

ab
=0
p

Cng thc (1-23) c bit n vi tn phng trnh trng thi Van der Waals
bc 3 hai bin (hai bin A v B). ng dng ca phng trnh trng thi ny c bit
quan trng trong vic th hin ng x pha ca va kh condensat hoc vic ha lng
cht kh trong iu kin p sut cao.
1.4.2.2 Phng trnh trng thi Redlich-Kwong (RK):
Nm 1949, Redlich v Kwong xut thay i phn t p sut ht a / V 2 trong
phng trnh trng thi ca Van der Waals bng mt phn t khc ph thuc vo nhit
, nhm ci thin chnh xc trong vic d on gi tr th tch v tnh cht vt l
ca pha kh. Phng trnh trng thi Redlich-Kwong c pht biu:
p=

RT
a

V b V (V + b) T

(1-24)

Vi: p, p sut s(psi)

V, th tch kh (ft3/mol)
R, hng s v tr (hng s kh), c gi tr 10.73 psi-ft3/lb-mole, oR
Redlich v Kwong cho rng, ti iu kin gi tr p sut cao ( p ) th th tch
V co gt khong 26% so vi th tch ti hn Vc bt k iu kin nhit no. V th
Redlich v Kwong a ra cng thc hiu chnh h s b nh sau:
b = 0.26Vc

(1-25)

Vi: Vc , th tch ti hn
Tng t phng trnh trng thi Van der Waals, khi gii h phng trnh o
hm bc 1 v bc 2 ca cng thc (1-26) ti cc iu kin ti hn ta c:
p
=0
V
Tc , Pc

2 p
=0
V 2

Tc ,Pc

Gii h hai phng trnh trn cho ta:

a = a

R 2Tc 2.5
pc

(1-26)

b = b

30

RTc
pc

(1-27)

Trong : a = 0.42747 v b = 0.08664

Kt hp phng trnh (1-27) v (1-29) ta c:
0.26Vc = b

RTc
pc

pcVc = 0.333RTc

hay

(1-28)

Cng thc (1-30) cho thy trong phng trnh trng thi Redlich-Kwong h s
nn kh Z c c gi tr bng 0.333 cho mi thnh phn (gi tr thc nghim cho thy Z c c
gi tr trong khong t 0.23-0.31). Ngoi ra, khi thay gi tr th tch V = ZPT / p vo
cng thc (9) ta c:
Z 3 Z 2 + ( A B B 2 ) Z AB = 0 (1-29)

Vi:

A=a

p
R T 2.5
2

B=b

p
RT

Tng t nh trong phng trnh trng thi Van der Waals, phng trnh bc 3
Redlich-Kwong (1-31) c 1 nghim thc trong vng mt pha (pha lng hoc pha kh)
v c 3 nghim thc trong vng hai pha. Nghim ln nht l h s nn ca pha kh Z v ,
trong khi nghim nh nht l h s nn ca pha lng Z L .
1.4.2.3 Phng trnh trng thi Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK)
Phng trnh trng thi Soave-Redlich-Kwong c bn:
Nm 1972, Soave, Redlich v Kwong tip tc a ra s hiu chnh h s
(a / T 0.5 ) trong phng trnh trng thi Redlich-Kwong bng mt h s mi c lp hn

so vi nhit nh sau:
p=

RT
a (T )

V b V (V + b)

(1-30)

Trong (T ) h s khng th nguyn, c gi tr bng 1 khi nhit suy gim

Tr (reduced temperature) = 1. H s (T ) tnh bng cng thc:

(T ) = 1 + m 1 Tr

31

(1-31)

Vi: m, c tnh theo cng thc ca Soave: m = 0.480 + 1.574 0.176 2

Tr , nhit suy gim (reduced temperature), bng T / Tc

, h s lch tm (acentric factor)

Vi h n cu t, tng t cc phng trnh trng thi Van der Waals v

Redlich-Kwong cc h s a v b c tnh ton da vo cc iu kin ti hn, kt qu:
a = a

R 2Tc 2
pc

(1-32)

b = b

RTc
pc

(1-33)

Trong : a = 0.42747 v b = 0.08664

Tng t phng trnh trng thi RK phng trnh trng thi SRK c gi tr h
1
3
0.26% so vi gi tr th tch ti hn, b = 0.26Vc .

s nn kh ti hn, Z c =0.333 ( pcVc = RTc ) v h s gin n th tch b c gi tr bng

Bin i phng trnh (1-32) v dng phng trnh bc ba vi bin l h s nn Z

v th tch V = ( ZRT / p ) cho ta:
Z 3 Z 2 + ( A B B 2 ) Z AB = 0

Vi: A =

( a ) p
2
( RT )

(1-35)

p
RT

(1-36)

B=b

(1-34)

Trong phng trnh trng thi SRK tnh tnh h s nn Z cho c hn hp

phi s dng qui tc trn ln (mixing rules) xc nh cc h s ( a ) v b ca hn
hp. Soave a ra quy tc trn ln sau:

( a )m = xi x j
i

ai a j i j (1 kij )

bm = [ xi bi ]
i

32

Trong kij l h s hiu chnh thc nghim hay h s tng tc nh phn, ca

thnh phn th i v j. p dng cc cng thc (1-37) v (1-38) tnh cc h s A v B
ta c:
A=

( a )m p

( RT )

(1-37)

B=

bm p
RT

(1-38)

Trong qu trnh gii phng trnh trng thi bc 3 vi bin Z cho h Hydrocacbon
hn hp vic la chn nghim ph hp rt quan trng vi nguyn tc nh sau: khi
phng trnh c 3 nghim thc bao gm Zln nht , Ztrung bnh , Znh nht th nghim Ztrung bnh
thng b qua v khng c ngha vt l. Vic la chn hai nghim cn li ph thuc
vo hm nng lng Gibbs chun ha theo cng thc:
n

Hm Gibbs cho pha kh: g *gas = yi ln( f i v )

(1-39)

i =1

Vi f i v d bay hi ca pha kh ph thuc vo gi tr Zli , khi gi tr g *gas nh

hn c chn vi nghim Zl tng ng l nghim ph hp nht.
Phng trnh trng thi SRK ci tin:
Nm 1978, ci tin vic d on gi tr p sut pha kh ca h n cu t bng
phng trnh trng thi SRK, Groboski v Daubert theo s liu thc nghim xut
cch tnh khc cho gi tr m trong phng trnh (1-31) nh sau:
m = 0.48508 + 1.55171 0.15613 2

(1-40)

Nm 1980, Sim v Daubert cho rng h s m trong phng trnh (1-43) ch ng

khi p dng cho h hydrocacbon vi khi lng phn t thp, khng th p dng cho
h hydrocacbon vi khi lng phn t cao. V th Sim v Daubert xut hai
phng trnh tnh ton h s m cho h hydrocacbon vi khi lng phn t cao theo h
s lch tm (acentric factor) nh sau:
Nu h s c tnh bng phng php Edmister th:
m = 0.431 + 1.57i 0.161i 2

(1-41)

33

Nu h s c tnh bng phng php Lee v Kesler th:

m = 0.315 + 1.60i 0.166i2 (1-42)
Nm 1985, Elliot v Daubert cho rng khi ti u ha h s tng tc nh phn
kij s lm sai s cc tnh cht nhit ng lc (p sut im bt, p sut im sng, h
s cn bng pha) i din ca hn hp, nht l cc hn hp khng i xng (hn hp
c thnh phn phn t khng cng tnh cht ha hc, nh hn hp kh Hydrocacbon
m c cha cc thnh phn tp kh nh: kh Nit, CO2 hay H2S). Cc tc gi
xut cc cng thc hiu chnh sau:
Vi hn hp c cha kh Nit: kij = 0.107089 + 2.9776kij

(1-43)

Vi hn hp c cha kh CO2: kij = 0.08058 0.77215kij 1.8404 ( kij )

Vi hn hp c cha kh H2S: kij = 0.07654 + 0.017921kij

(1-44)
(1-45)

Vi hn hp va cha kh metan (C1) va cha thnh phn C10+

kij = 0.17985 + 2.6958kij + 10.853 ( kij )

(1-46)

Trong :

ij

k =

( i j )

(1-47)

2 i j

i =

0.480453 ai
bi

(1-48)

Nm 1982, Peneloux, Rauzy v Freze xut phng php ci thin kt qu d

bo gi tr th tch bng phng trnh trng thi SRK bng cch s dng h s hiu
chnh th tch ci . H s hiu chnh ny khng lm thay i iu kin cn bng hai pha
kh/lng Ki c xc nh bi phng trnh trng thi SRK c bn, nhng n lm thay
i ng thi th tch ca pha kh v pha lng. Phng php ny c gi l phng
php dch chuyn th tch (volume translation method):
VcLorr = V L ( xi ci )

(1-49)

Vcvorr = V v ( yi ci )
i

Vi: V L , th tch mole pha lng cha hiu chnh, ft3/mole

34

(1-50)

V v , th tch mole pha kh cha hiu chnh, ft /mole

3
VcLorr , th tch mole pha lng hiu chnh, ft /mole
3
Vcvorr , th tch mole pha kh hiu chnh, ft /mole

xi , t phn mole ca thnh phn th i trong pha lng

yi , t phn mole ca thnh phn th i trong pha kh

tnh h s ci cho tng thnh phn cc tc gi xut phng php tnh gi tr

ci da vo h s nn Rackett, ZRA nh sau:
ci = 4.43797878 ( 0.29441 Z RA ) Tci / pci

(1-51)

Vi: ci , h s hiu chnh cho thnh phn th i, ft3/lb-mole

o

Tci , nhit ti hn ca thnh phn th i, R

pci , p sut ti hn ca thnh phn th i, psia

ZRA, c gi tr nht nh ng vi mi thnh phn, gi tr gn bng vi h s

nn ti hn Zc
Ngoi ra c th tnh gi tr ci bng h s lch tm bng cng thc:
T
c i = ( 0.0115831168 + 0.411844152i ) ci
pci

(1-52)

Vi: i , h s lch tm ca thnh phn th i

1.4.2.4 Phng trnh trng thi Peng-Robinson (PR)
Phng trnh trng thi Peng-Robinson (PR) c bn:
Nm 1976, Peng v Robinson tin hnh mt nghin cu ton din nh gi
ng dng ca phng trnh trng thi SRK trong vic d bo ng x pha ca hn hp
hydrocacbon. T a ra kt lun cn thit phi ci tin kh nng d bo gi tr khi
lng ring cht lng cng nh tnh cht ca cht lu ti cc vng ln cn im ti hn

35

(thng thng cc phng trnh trng thi c gi tr Zc=0.333 trong khi gi tr thc
nghim ch khong 0.29), bng cch a ra phng trnh trng thi:
p=

RT
a

V b (V + b )2 cb2

(1-53)

Vi: a, b, tng t nh phng trnh trng thi SRK

c, l h s c tnh ton da vo h s nn Zc v (b/Vc). Vi Zc=0.307
v (b/Vc)=0.253 th c=2
Vi gi tr c=2, phng trnh (1-55) c bin i thnh:
p=

RT
a

V b V (V + b ) + b(V b)

(1-54)

Vi:
a = a

R 2Tc2
R 2Tc2
= 0.45724
pc
pc

(1-55)

m = 0.37464 + 1.54226 0.26992 2

(1-56)

, k tha t phng trnh SRK (1-33): (T ) = 1 + m 1 Tr , trong

gi tr m c tnh ton da vo h s lch tm nh sau:

m = 0.3796 + 1.54226 0.2699 2

(1-57)

i vi thnh phn hydrocacbon nng ( > 0.49 ):

m = 0.379642 + 1.48503 0.1644 2 + 0.016667 3

(1-58)

Phng trnh (1-56) c vit li theo bin Z c dng:

Z 3 + ( B 1) Z 2 + ( A 3B 2 2 B ) Z ( AB B 2 B 3 ) = 0

(1-59)

Vi: A, B c tnh ton trong h n cu t tng t cng thc (1-35), (136), trong hn hp s c tnh nh sau:

36

A=

( a ) m p
2
( RT )

(1-60)

B=

bm p
RT

(1-61)

Trong :

( a )m = xi x j
i

ai a j i j (1 kij )

bm = [ xi bi ]

(1-62)

(1-63)

Phng trnh trng thi Peng-Robinson (PR) ci tin:

Nm 1986, Stryjek v Vera xut ci tin phng php nh gi gi tr p sut
pha kh ca h n cu t bng phng trnh trng thi PR vi nhit suy gim Tr c
gi tr khong t 0.7-1 bng cch thay th h s m trong cng thc (1-31) bng h s
m0 nh sau:
m0 = 0.378893 + 1.4897153 0.17131848 2 + 0.0196554 3

(1-64)

Trong trng hp nhit suy gim Tr c gi tr thp hn 0.7, Stryjek v Vera ci

thin h s m bng cch thm vo h s hiu chnh m1 nh sau:

m = m0 + m1 1 + Tr

) (0.7 T )

(1-65)

Vi h s hiu chnh m1, Stryjek v Vera cho rng khi Tr>0.7 th m1=0 cho tt c
mi thnh phn. Trong khi khi gi tr Tr<0.7 th m1 c gi tr tng ng vi mi
thnh phn c lit k nh sau:

Thnh Phn

Gi tr m1

Kh Nit

0.01996

Kh CO2

0.04285

Nc

-0.06635

Mtan

-0.00159

tan

0.02669

Propan

0.03136

37

Butan

0.03443

Pentan

0.03946

Hexan

0.05104

1.4.3 ng dng ca phng trnh trng thi

Phng trnh trng thi c ng dng rng ri v s n gin v chnh xc ca
n trong vic tnh ton cc ng x pha phc tp ca cht lu va. Trong lun vn ny
ch gii thiu cc ng dng ca n trong phm vi cht lu va l condensat. Bao gm:
1.4.3.1 Tnh h s cn bng pha Ki
Tnh h s cn bng Ki vi gi tr nhit (T), p sut p, v tng thnh phn ca
h (zi) bit, c minh ha bng (hnh 1.23), bao gm cc bc:
Cc gi tr
P, T, zi cho trc
Gi nh v gi tr
KiA ban u

KiA = Ki

yi , nV

Z V , Vi

> 0.0001

Nu sai, gi
nh li K iA = K i

Thc hin cc tnh ton

cn bng pha

Ki =

pci
T

exp 5.37(1 + i )(1 ci )

p
T

X i , nL

Tnh gi tr Ki

Z L , iL

Kim tra
hi t ca
php tnh

0.0001

0.0001

Ki

K
i =1

A
i

Nu ng

Xut cc kt qu:
Ki , xi , yi , nL , nV , Z L , Z V

Hnh 1.23 S quy trnh tnh t s cn bng pha Ki

38

Bc 1: dng cng thc Wilson gi nh gi tr ban u ca h s cn bng Ki

cho tng thnh phn trong h trong iu kin p sut v nhit nht nh theo cng
thc:
KiA =

pci
T

exp 5.37(1 + i )(1 ci )

p
T

(1-66)

Bc 2: thc hin cc tnh ton cn bng pha xc nh cc thng s xi , yi , nL , nv

cho tng thnh phn.
Bc 3: tnh h s bay hi iL bng gi tr xi va xc nh bng cng thc:
ln ( iL ) =

bi ( Z L 1)
A 2 i
bi Z L + (1 + 2) B
ln( Z L B )

ln

bm
2 2 B ( a )m bm Z L (1 2) B

(1-67)

Bc 4: lp li bc 3, tnh gi tr iv bng gi tr yi theo cng thc:

ln ( iv ) =

bi ( Z v 1)
A 2 i
bi Z v + (1 + 2) B
ln( Z v B )

ln

bm
2 2 B ( a ) m bm Z v (1 2) B

(1-68)

Bc 5: tnh gi tr thc ca h s cn bng pha Ki

Ki =

iL
iv

(1-69)

Bc 6: kim tra gi tr tnh c vi iu kin cho trc

n

K
i =1

/ KiA 1

(vi sai s cho php, thng thng khong 0,0001)

1.4.3.2 Tnh p sut im sng Pd

p sut im sng Pd c tnh thng qua cc bc:
Bc 1: gi nh gi tr ban u ca p sut im sng l pdA
Bc 2: dng p sut im sng gi nh pdA tnh h s cn bng KiA theo
cng thc Wilson (1-66)

39

Bc 3: xc nh thnh phn ca pha lng tch t bng cch p dng cng thc
tnh h s Ki , theo :
xi =

zi
Ki

(vi yi = zi )

Bc 4: xc nh gi tr hm f ( pd ) thng qua cng thc (1-70) v cc bin i

ca n:
n
fv
f ( pd ) = i L pd
i =1 i

(1-70)

Vi: f i v bay hi ca thnh phn th i trong pha kh, psia

iL h s d bay hi ca thnh phn th i ti pha lng

p dng phng php lp, phng trnh (1-70) c bin i:

v
L

n L f v / p
f v
i ( i
d ) f i ( i / pd )

1
=
L 2
pd i =1

(i )

(1-71)

T phng trnh (1-71) ta c:

v
v
f v f i ( pd + pd ) f i ( pd pd )
=

pd
2 pd

(1-72)

L
L
iL i ( pd + pd ) i ( pd pd )
=

pd
2pd

(1-73)

Vi: pd gia s p sut (c gi tr t 5-10 psia)

f i v ( pd + pd ) bay hi ca thnh phn th i ti ( pd + pd )
f i v ( pd pd ) bay hi ca thnh phn th i ti ( pd pd )

iL ( pd + pd ) h s d bay hi thnh phn th i ti ( pd + pd )

40

 iL ( pd pd ) h s d bay hi thnh phn th i ti ( pd pd )

iL h s d bay hi ca thnh phn th i ti pd

Bc 5: s dng gi tr f ( pd ) v f / pd tnh c t bc 4 tnh gi tr p

sut im sng bng cng thc Newton-Raphson:
pd = pdA f ( pd ) / [f / pd ]

(1-74)

Bc 6: kim tra gi tr pd tnh c vi gi tr gi nh ban u, nu iu kin

c tha mn th gi tr tm c l gi tr p sut im sng cui cng, nu khng
vng lp li bt u t bc 3:
iu kin cn tha mn: pd pdA 5
1.4.3.3 Tnh p sut pha kh pv
Phng php lp c s dng tnh ton p sut pha kh pv cho tng thnh
phn ti iu kin nhit bt k c thc hin qua cc bc:
Bc 1: xc nh gi tr nhit suy gim Tr : Tr =

Bc 2: tnh t s A / B theo cng thc:

T
Tc

A a
=

B b Tr

(1-75)

Bc 3: gi nh gi tr cho B
Bc 4: la chn phng trnh trng thi thch hp (c th l 1 trong 3 phng
trnh: Van der Waals-vdW, SRK hay PR), xc nh cc gi tr Z L v Z v
Bc 5: thay th cc gi tr Z L v Z v va tm c vo h s d bay hi ca tng
thnh phn, nhm xc nh gi tr ln ( f o / p ) cho c hai pha. Theo cc cng thc ng
vi tng EOS:
fo

vdW: ln = Z 1 ln ( Z B )
Z
p

41

(1-76)

 fo

SPK: ln = Z 1 ln ( Z B ) ln 1 +
B Z
p
A

fo

(1-77)

Z + 1+ 2 B

(1-78)
PR: ln = Z 1 ln ( Z B )
ln
p

2
2
B
Z
(1
2)
B

Bc 6: kim tra gi tr tnh c vi iu kin cho trc, nu iu kin tha th

gi tr B gi nh l gi tr cn tm, nu khng lp li bc 3.
Bc 7: xc nh gi tr p sut pha kh vi gi tr B va tm c, theo cng
thc:

B=

bp
p
= b r
RT
Tr

(1-79)

1.5 M t thnh phn Hydrocacbon nng

thc hin cc tnh ton cn bng pha cho i tng kh condensat, c th cha
hng trm thnh phn khc nhau, vic m t cc tnh cht vt l (nhit ti hn TC,
p sut ti hn PC, h s lch tm , h s hiu chnh th tch) ca thnh phn
hydrocabon nng rt quan trng, n gip n gin ha v gim thi gian tnh ton cn
bng pha.
1.5.1 Phn loi thnh phn Hydrocacbon
Thnh phn Hydrocacbon trong kh condensat c chia lm 3 loi:
Thnh phn xc nh (SCN) trong h hydrocacbon bao gm: N2, CO2, H2S, C1,
C2, C3, iC4, nC4, iC5, nC5, C6, l thnh phn tn ti c lp c tnh cht vt l xc nh.
Thnh phn C7+ l thnh phn hydrocacbon nng gi nh (c y cc thng s
vt l: TC, PC v ) ca cc hydrocacbon c s nguyn t cacbon t 7 tr ln, c khi
lng phn t tng ng nhau.
Thnh phn nng (thnh phn cng) tng t C7+ , cng l thnh phn gi nh,
nhng cc hydrocacbon trong nhm ny thng c khi lng phn t rt ln (khng
th gp chung vi cc thnh phn C7+).
1.5.2 Tnh ton cc gi tr ti hn v h s lch tm

42

Thnh phn nng c xem l mt thnh phn gi nh c y cc tnh cht

vt l nh 1 thnh phn thc. Cc tnh cht vt l ny c c lng thng qua nhiu
phng php ca cc tc gi nh:
1.5.2.1 Phng php ca Pederson
Pederson cho rng cc gi tr ti hn v h s lch tm ca thnh phn nng l
hm ca khi lng phn t M (g/mol), v khi lng ring (g/cm3):
c4
M

(1-80)

d3 d4
+
M M2

(1-81)

Tc = c1 + c2 ln M + c3 M +

ln Pc = d1 + d 2 d5 +

m = e1 + e2 M + e3 + e4 M 2

(1-82)

Trong h s m, c mi tng quan vi h s lch tm ph thuc vo cc

EOS c la chn tnh ton cc cn bng pha:
Trng hp SRK:
SRK

m = 0.480 + 1.574 0.176 2

(1-83)

Trng hp PR:
PR

m = 0.37464 + 1.54226 0.26992 2

(1-84)

Gi tr cc h s c1-c4, d1-d5 v e1-e4 c tham kho theo bng sau:

Trng hp SRK:
SRK
H s
1
2
3
4
2
-1
c
1.6312 x 10
8.6052
4.3475 x 10 -1.8774 x 103
d
-1.3408 x 10-1
2.5019
2.0846 x 102 -3.9872 x 102
e
7.4310 x 10-1 4.8122 x 10-3 9.6707 x 10-3 -3.7184 x 10-6

5
1.0
-

Trng hp PR:
PR
H s
1
2
3
4
-1
c
7.34043
9.73562
6.1874 x 10
-2.0593 x 103
d
7.28462 x 10-2
2.18811
1.6391 x 102 -4.0432 x 102
e
3.73765 x 10-1 5.4926 x 10-3 1.1793 x 10-2 -4.9304 x 10-6
1.5.2.2 Phng php ca Kesler v Lee
43

5
0.25
-

Theo phng php ny cc tnh cht ti hn c tnh nh sau:

Nhit ti hn:
Tc = 341.7 + 811 + (0.4244 + 0.1174 )Tb + (0.4669 3.2623 ) 105 Tb1

(1-85)

p sut ti hn:
ln Pc = 8.363

0.056
2.289 0.118

3.648 0.472
0.242 +
+ 2 103 Tb + 1.468 +
+ 2 107 Tb 2

1.697
0.42 + 2 1010 Tb3

(1-86)
1.5.3 H s tng tc nh phn
H s tng tc nh phn ca thnh phn i v j, kij l h s rt quan trng trong
tnh ton cc quy tc trn ln ca phng trnh trng thi 3 bin nh SPK hay PR. y
l h s nh gi mc nh hng ca lc phn cc trong tng tc gia cc phn t
khc nhau. H s ny ph thuc vo s khc bit kch thc ca cc phn t trong h
nh phn theo nguyn tc:
Lc tng tc gia cc phn t Hydrocacbon tng khi s khc bit v khi
lng phn t ca chng tng: kij+1 > kij
Cc thnh phn Hydrocacbon c cng khi lng phn t c h s tng tc
nh phn bng 0: kij = 0
H s tng tc nh phn i xng th bng nhau: kij = k ji
1.5.4 Nguyn tc nhm cc thnh phn nng (lumping)
nhm cc thnh phn nng Pederson, 1984, a ra nguyn tc nhm cc
thnh phn hydrocacbon c khi lng phn t gn nhau, m bo cc thnh phn gi
sau khi nhm c vai tr nh nhau trong cc tnh ton, khi cc gi tr ti hn v h s
lch tm c tnh nh sau:

44

Tck =

zi M iTci
i =m
n

z M
i

i =m

Pck =

(1-87)
i

z M P
i =m
n

i ci

z M
i =m

(1-88)
i

k =

z M
i =m
n

z M
i =m

(1-89)
i

Vi: Tck , Pck ln lt l cc gi tr ti hn trung bnh ca thnh phn mi

zi t phn mol ca thnh phn nng th i
M i khi lng phn t ca thng phn nng th i

Ngoi ra, Whitson (1989) a ra phng php nhm nh sau, cc thnh phn
hydrocacbon nng c th c nhm li thnh N H hp phn gi nh:
N H = Int [1 + 3.3log( N n )]

(1-90)

Vi: N s nguyn t C ca thnh phn nng nht trong hn hp

n s nguyn t C ca thnh phn hydrocacbon nng (thng thng n=7)
S phn chia cc nhm thnh phn nng gi nh da vo khi lng phn t M I :
1

M NH
M I = MC7 N +
MC7

(1-91)

Vi: M C 7 khi lng phn t ca thnh phn C7

M N + khi lng phn t ca thnh phn nng nht trong hn hp
I = 1, 2,3,..., N H

Sau khi xc nh c s lng cc thnh phn nng gi nh, p dng quy tc

trn ln tnh cc tnh cht ti hn ca n.

45

CHNG 2: QUY TRNH XY DNG M HNH NG X PHA

Chng 2 trnh by mt quy trnh c bn xy dng m hnh ng x pha cho
va kh condensat, hnh 2.1. Trong cc c s l thuyt c trnh by trong
Chng 1 s c s dng trong cc tnh ton m phng th nghim PVT v m t
thnh phn Hydrocacbon nng.

Hnh 2.1 Quy trnh xy dng m hnh ng x pha

2.1 Kim tra d liu u vo
46

D liu v thnh phn cht lu va l d liu quan trng nht trong quy trnh xy
dng m hnh ng x pha. Tuy nhin, thnh phn ny c th b bin i so vi thnh
phn cht lu va ban u do nguyn nhn nhim bn t dung dch khoan, nht l dung
dch khoan gc du (cc thnh phn ca dung dch khoan c th d dng ha tan vo
cht lu va). S nhim bn ny lm sai lch so vi thc t cc gi tr:
- p sut bo ha.
- H s thnh h th tch.
- T s Kh/Lng.
- Khi lng ring ca cht lu ti iu kin chun.
Vic xc nh cc thnh phn ngoi lai c th c thc hin nh sau:
2.1.1 Phng php kim tra bng th
Phng php c tin hnh bng cch biu din t l thnh phn C8+ ca cht
lu cn kim tra trong mi tng quan vi khi lng phn t ca n trn -ctLogarit. Khi trn th phn chia thnh 2 loi thnh phn, loi thnh phn sch tun
theo phn b ca hm m e (trn th -ct-Logarit c th hin bng 1 ng
thng) hoc phn b gamma, v thnh phn nm ngoi cc phn b ny c coi l cc
thnh phn b nhim bn.
(hnh 2.2) biu din biu -ct-Logarit gia t l thnh phn cc
hydrocacbon t C10-C30 ca condensat b nhim bn vi khi lng phn t ca n.
Trong cc thnh phn khng b nhim bn s tun theo quy lut phn b ca hm
m e, l mt ng thng, trong khi cc thnh phn b nhim bn s nm ngoi quy
lut phn b ny.

47

Hnh 2.2 biu -ct-Logarit gia t l thnh phn vi khi lng phn t
2.1.1 Phng php loi tr
Phng php ny c thc hin khi xc nh thnh phn dung dch khoan v
thnh phn cht lu b nhim bn, khi thnh phn cht lu nguyn gc s bng
thnh phn cht lu b nhim bn tr i thnh phn ca dung dch khoan bit.
Phng php ny c kim tra li bng phng php th trn. Cht lu ban u
khng b nhim bn l kt qu cui cng sau cc ln loi tr dn thnh phn ngoi lai
tha mn phn b theo hm m e.
Kt hp hai phng php kim tra bng th v loi tr s gip mu cht lu
m bo c tnh i din cho cht lu va trc khi tin hnh cc tnh ton m phng
th nghim PVT.
2.2 M phng cc th nghim PVT bng phng trnh trng thi
S liu thc nghim t cc th nghim phn tch PVT cht lu va l cc s liu
ri rc. Cc s liu ri rc ny cn c m phng v th hin bng cc cng thc ton
hc, nh s rt gim thi gian tnh ton cng nh d dng thc hin cc m phng
khc nhau ty theo mc ch nghin cu.

48

C rt nhiu th nghim phn tch PVT nhng do lun vn ny nghin cu i

tng chnh l va kh condensat do ch cp ti cc th nghim CCE v CVD.
2.2.1 M phng th nghim CCE
Gi s dng phng trnh trng thi Peng-Robinson m phng th nghim
phn tch PVT cho kh condensat, quy trnh th nghim c thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1: Xc nh tng thnh phn ca h hydrocacbon, zi , p sut im ng
sng, pd , tnh th tch tng ca 1 mol cht lu h ti iu kin p sut im ng
sng, Vsat bng cng thc:
Vsat =

ZRT
psat

(2-1)

Vi: T nhit ca h, oR
Z h s nn kh
o

R hng s kh, 10.73 psi ft3/lb-mol R

Bc 2: p sut c tng ln theo tng cp ln hn p sut im ng sng

nn hn hp tn ti trng thi mt pha kh. Ti mi gi tr p sut, tnh h s nn ca
pha kh Z v bng phng trnh (1-61):
Z 3 + ( B 1) Z 2 + ( A 3B 2 2 B ) Z ( AB B 2 B 3 ) = 0

Thay gi tr Z v vo phng trnh: V =

Z v RT
xc nh gi tr th tch pha kh
p

V (ft /mole) ti gi tr p sut p tng ng.

Khi , gi tr th tch tng i, Vrel c xc nh bng cng thc (1-3) V rel =

V
V sat

Bc 3: Gim p sut theo tng cp di p sut im ng sng, khi hn

hp tn ti trng thi hai pha lng v kh. Thc hin cc php tnh ton cn bng pha
ti tng cp p sut xc nh cc gi tr Ki, xi, yi, nL, nv, Zv v ZL. Trong sut qu
trnh gim p thnh phn hydrocacbon khng thay i do thnh phn, zi v gi tr
mol khng thay i ni = 1 . Xc nh gi tr pha lng v kh bng cng thc:

49

nL Z L RT
p

(2-2)

nv Z v RT
Vv =
p

(2-3)

VL =

Trong : Vt = VL + Vv
Vi: nL , nv gi tr mol ca pha lng v pha kh
Z L , Z v h s nn pha lng v kh
Vt th tch tng ca h hydrocacbon

Bc 4: tnh th tch tng i ca c h V rel =

Vt
V sat

2.2.2 M phng th nghim CVD

Gi s phng trnh trng thi Peng-Robinson c la chn m phng th
nghim phn tch PVT cho kh condensat, quy trnh th nghim c minh ha bi
hnh 2-3 v thc hin tun t theo cc bc:
Bc 1: t gi nh tng thnh phn ca h ban u chim th tch 1ft3 ti iu
kin nhit l T v p sut bng vi p sut im ng sng, pd khi : Vi = 1
Bc 2: t thnh phn pha kh ban u, xc nh gi tr h s nn ti gi tr p
sut im sng Z dew bng cng thc:
Z 3 + ( B 1) Z 2 + ( A 3B 2 2 B ) Z ( AB B 2 B 3 ) = 0

50

Hnh 2-3 Biu thc hin m phng th nghim CVD bng phng trnh trng thi
Bc 3: xc nh gi tr mol ban u bng phng trnh trng thi kh thc ti gi
tr p sut im sng:
ni =

Vp
pd
=
ZRT Z dew RT

(2-4)

Bc 4: gim p sut h n gi tr p xc nh, dng phng trnh trng thi xc

nh cc gi tr:
- H s cn bng pha Ki
- Thnh phn pha lng xi v pha kh yi

51

- Gi tr mol pha lng n L v pha kh nv

- H s nn pha lng Z L v pha kh Z v
Trong thnh phn ca pha kh yi phi ph hp vi gi tr thc nghim ti cng
iu kin p sut.
Bc 5: trong cc tnh ton cn bng pha, tng s mol ca thnh phn lng v kh
thng c gi nh bng 1, do cn thit phi xc nh li gi tr mol thc ca tng
pha lng v kh:
(n L ) actual = ni nL

(2-5)

(nv )actual = ni nv

(2-6)

Bc 6: xc nh th tch ca tng pha bng b cng thc:

VL =

( n L ) actual Z L RT
p

(2-7)

Vv =

(n v )actual Z v RT
p

(2-8)

Khi Vi = 1 , ta c: S L = (VL )100 , gi tr % pha lng ngng t ny phi ph hp vi

gi tr thc nghim.
Bc 7: xc nh gi tr th tch hn hp: Vt = VL + Vg
Bc 8: rt bt phn th tch kh gin n m bo th tch ca h khng thay
i (Vi=1 ft3), th tch kh c rt ra c tnh theo cng thc:
(Vgp ) p ,T = Vt 1

(2-9)

Bc 9: xc nh s mol ca lng kh rt ra:

np =

p (Vgp ) p ,T
Z v RT

(2-10)

52

Bc 10: xc nh gi tr kh cng dn rt ra (trong thc t chnh l lng kh

khai thc cng dn) theo t l % so vi th tch kh ban u ni theo cng thc:
(np )
%G p =
100
( ni )

Vi

(2-11)

( n ) l lng kh rt ra tng cng

p

Bc 11: xc nh gi tr h s nn kh 2 pha
Z hai pha =

( p )(Vi )
( p )(1)
=
( ni n p ) RT ( ni n p ) RT

(2-12)

Bc 12: xc nh gi tr s mol kh cn li ( n v ) r

( n v ) r = ( n v )actual n p

(2-13)

Vi: ( n v ) actual gi tr mol thc ca pha kh

Bc 13: xc nh li gi tr mol v thnh phn cn li ca hn hp:
Gi tr mol ca hn hp: ni = ( n L )actual + ( n v ) r
T phn mol ca thnh phn th i: zi =

(2-14)

xi ( nL ) actual + yi ( n v ) r
ni

(2-15)

Bc 14: tip tc m phng vi gi tr p sut nh hn v lp li cc bc t 4 ti 13.

2.3 Hiu chnh phng trnh trng thi ph hp vi s liu thc nghim
Thc t cho thy quy trnh m phng bng phng trnh trng thi c trnh
by ph thuc rt nhiu vo s lng thnh phn trong hn hp. V d trong m hnh
li hn hp cht lu a thnh phn cng tn ti hai pha v n thnh phn xc nh, th
c (2n+4) phng trnh cn gii trong mi n v li. Do ti u ha quy trnh
m phng cn thit phi nhm cc thnh phn nng thnh cc thnh phn gi nhm
gim s lng thnh phn trong hn hp.

53

Tuy nhin, cc thnh phn gi c trng bi cc tnh cht vt l c xc nh

bng cc quy lut trn ln, c th l nguyn nhn dn ti cc sai s trong qu trnh m
phng. Cc sai s n t cc gi tr ti hn v khi lng phn t trung bnh ca thnh
phn gi. V th m bo c tnh ti u v chnh xc trong m phng cc tnh
cht PVT ca cht lu bng phng trnh trng thi, cn thit phi hiu chnh cc thng
s vt l ca thnh phn gi sao cho s liu m phng ph hp vi s liu thc nghim
t phng th nghim.
2.3.1 La chn cc thng s hiu chnh trong phng trnh trng thi
Theo Coats v Smart (1986) vic hiu chnh cc thng s c thc hin ch yu
bng phng php th-sai v phng php hi quy phi tuyn, cc thng s hiu chnh
c th l:
Cc gi tr ca phng trnh trng thi nh ai, bi v i c xc nh bng cc
thng s gi tr ti hn Tc, pc, v cc hng s a , b . Vic hiu chnh c thc
hin vi cc gi tr a v b khi thay i cc gi tr Tc, pc :
a = a

R 2Tc2
pc

b = b

RTc
, Trong a v b l cc h s thc nghim
pc

H s a v b ca mtan cng l thng s tin hnh hi quy

H s tng tc nh phn, kij mtan v thnh phn nng C7+ . Tuy nhin, khi s
dng h s tng tc nh phn trong qu trnh hi quy nh nu Chng 1(trang
40) phi ht sc lu tm n thng s hi quy ny trong trng hp hn hp khng i
xng (hn hp c thnh phn phn t khng cng tnh cht ha hc, nh hn hp kh
Hydrocacbon m c cha cc thnh phn tp kh nh: kh Nit, CO2 hay H2S).
Ngoi ra, Whiston v Brule (2000) b sung thm mt s thng s cn hiu chnh
nh h s hiu chnh th tch ci v khi lng phn t, M .
2.3.2 Cc bc hiu chnh thng s trong phng trnh trng thi
Bng phng php hi quy cc thng s trong phng trnh trng thi kt hp
phng php th v sai (so snh tnh ph hp vi cc gi tr thc nghim t phng th
nghim) m cc gi tr hiu chnh ph hp c xc nh. Quy trnh ny c tm tt
qua cc bc:

54

Bc 1: Da vo thnh phn ban u ca hn hp nh ngha cc thnh phn

nng gi nh bng phng php nhm (thng thng s c t 3-5 thnh phn nng gi
nh c xc nh). Bng 2.1 th hin thnh phn tng cng sau khi nhm cc thnh
phn nng, cc thnh phn gi nh ln lt l F1, F2 v F3.
Bng 2.1 Thnh phn hn hp sau khi nhm cc thnh phn nng
Thnh phn (Bc 1)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

N2
CO2
C1
C2
C3
i-C4
n-C4
i-C5
n-C5
C6
F1
F2
F3

pc

Tc

kij

X
X
X

X
X
X

X
X
X

X
X
X

X
X
X

X
X
X

Hiu chnh gi tr cc thng s hi quy l hng s a , b , cc thng s gi tr ti

hn Tc, pc, ca cc thnh phn C1, F1, F2 v F3, hiu chnh h s tng tc nh phn
ca mtan C1 vi cc thnh phn nng gi nh F1, F2 v F3
Bc 2: tip tc nhm cc thnh phn N2 vi C1, CO2 vi C2 thnh 2 thnh phn
gi nh mi vi cc gi tr ti hn c xc nh bng quy tc trn ln.
Bc 3: tin hnh hi quy cc hng s a , b cc thng s gi tr ti hn Tc, pc,
sau khi hiu chnh t bc 1 kt hp vi hi quy gi tr h s tng tc nh phn
gia thnh phn gi nh N2+C1 v CO2+C2 vi F1, F2 v F3

Bc 4: lp li cc bc trn cng vi vic gim dn s lng thnh phn bng

cch nhm cc thnh phn xc nh li thnh cc thnh phn gi cho ti khi gi tr hi
quy ph hp vi gi tr thc nghim. C th, Whitson v Brule a ra quy trnh
nhm v hi quy nh sau:
Bng 2.2 V d v quy trnh nhm v hi quy theo Whitson v Brule

55

Thnh
phn
ban
u

Nhm
ln 1

Nhm
ln 2

Nhm ln 3

Nhm ln 4

Nhm ln 5

N2

N 2 + C1

N 2 + C1

N 2 + C1

N 2 + C1 + CO2 + C2

N 2 + C1 + CO2 + C2

CO2 + C2 CO2 + C2

CO2 + C2

C3 + iC4 + nC4

C3 + iC4 + nC4

+iC5 + nC5 + C6

+iC5 + nC5 + C6

1
2

CO2

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

C1

C3

C3

C3 + iC4 + nC4

F1

F1

C2

iC4

iC4 + nC4

iC5 + nC5 + C6

F2

F2 + F3

C3

nC4

iC5 + nC5

F1

F3

iC4

iC5

C6

F2

nC4

nC5

F1

F3

iC5

C6

F2

nC5

F1

F3

C6

F2

F1

F3

F2

F3

Bng 2.3 Cc thng s hi quy ca tng thnh phn

Thng s
hi quy
kij

a
b
a
b

Nhm ln
1
1,9,10,11
1
1
2
2

Nhm ln Nhm ln Nhm ln Nhm ln

2
3
4
5
1,7,8,9
1,5,6,7
1,3,4,5
1,3,4
4
3
1
3
4
3
1
3
5
4
2
4
5
4
2
4

56

CHNG 3: XY DNG M HNH NG X PHA CHO M KH

CONDENSAT HNG NG
Chng 2 trnh by c s l thuyt quy trnh xy dng m hnh ng x pha
mt cch tng qut, trong Chng 3 s c th ha quy trnh trn cho i tng m kh
condensat Hng ng vi cc ni dung chnh: xy dng v kim tra d liu u vo,
la chn phng trnh trng thi thch hp, m phng cc th nghim bng phng
trnh trng thi, tin hnh phn tch v hiu chnh cc thng s ti hn ph hp vi
s liu thc nghim, xem xt nh gi kt qu m hnh ng x pha sau khi hiu chnh.
3.1 Kim tra v xy dng d liu u vo
D liu u vo c s dng l kt qu phn tch PVT kh condensat (mu y
ging) ca ging thm lng HD-3X.
3.1.1 Kim tra d liu u vo
D liu PVT u vo c tnh i din tng i tt c th hin qua cc kt qu
kim tra sau:
T l thnh phn cht lu: phng php th cho thy mu cht lu khng b
nhim bn khi t l thnh phn nng ca cht lu cn kim tra trong mi tng quan
vi khi lng phn t ca n trn th -ct-Logarit l mt ng thng tha mn
phn b theo hm m e (hnh 3.1)

Hnh 3.1 biu -ct-Logarit gia t l thnh phn nng vi khi lng phn t
57

Kt qu th nghim CVD v CCE c cho l t tin tng lm c s d liu

u vo cho qu trnh m phng bng phng trnh trng thi.
3.1.2 Xy dng d liu u vo
m phng cc th nghim PVT trong lun vn ny, phn mm PVTi c s
dng, phn xy dng c s d liu cho qu trnh m phng c chia thnh hai phn
chnh
3.1.2.1 D liu thnh phn cht lu
Thnh phn cu t kh condensat trong bo co PVT ging HD-3X c chia lm
2 loi chnh:
Loi th nht l cc thnh phn xc nh hay thnh phn sch vi cc tnh cht
vt l xc nh c lu trong c s d liu ca phn mm PVTi, i vi cc thnh
phn ny ch cn nh ngha thm cc thng s t phn mol hay t phn khi lng
phn t.
Loi th hai l cc thnh phn nng gi nh, cc thnh phn ny khng c trong
c s d liu, do ngoi t phn mol hay t phn v khi lng phn t th cn phi
nh ngha thm cc thng s khi lng phn t v t trng ring. Trong trng hp
ny thnh phn C12+ l thnh phn nng gi nh duy nht c nh ngha.
Cc thnh phn ny c xy dng thnh c s d liu m phng th nghim
PVT theo t phn mol (tng phn mol ca tt c cc thnh phn phi bng 100%).
Thnh phn chi tit t l tng cu t c th hin trong (hnh 3.2).

58

Hnh 3.2 C s d liu v tng thnh phn ca kh condensat ti ging HD-3X

3.1.2.2 D liu thc nghim t cc th nghim PVT
Cc th nghim PVT ch yu c s dng cho kh condensat l th nghim CVD
v th nghim CCE. Cc gi tr thc nghim trong 2 th nghim ny c s dng lm
gi tr tham chiu cho cc qu trnh hi quy. Cc th nghim c tin hnh ti iu
kin nhit va 348.8oF.
Gi tr p sut c thay i git bc theo hng gim (m phng qu trnh khai
thc). Gi tr p sut o thp nht l 500psig trong th nghim CCE v 700psig trong
th nghim CVD. Gi tr p sut o ln nht trong th nghim CVD l 9000psig m
bo ln hn p sut va 8486psig.
Th nghim CVD, m phng qu trnh khai thc kh condensat v s thay i tnh
cht ca n ti iu kin va. Trong th nghim cc gi tr h s nn kh, h s nn hai
pha, khi lng ring ca kh (lb/ft3), khi lng phn t kh, nht ca kh (cp), v
bo ha pha lng (%) c xc nh theo s thay i ca tng cp p sut. Hnh 3.3
th hin cc gi tr o thc nghim trong th nghim CVD c a vo phn mm
PVTi.

59

Hnh 3.3 C s d liu v th nghim CVD mu cht lu y ging HD-3X

Th nghim CCE, m phng qu trnh thay i ca cht lu (do s gim p) t
iu kin va n iu kin b mt, ti cht lu tch lm hai pha kh v lng. Cc
thng s h s nn ca pha kh, khi lng ring ca pha kh (lb/ft3), nht ca pha
kh (cp), bo ha pha lng (%) v th tch tng i theo tng cp suy gim p sut
c xc nh trong sut qu trnh th nghim. Hnh 3.4 th hin cc gi tr o thc
nghim trong th nghim CCE c a vo phn mm PVTi.

Hnh 3.4 C s d liu v th nghim CCE mu cht lu y ging HD-3X

60

Cui cng, cp nht d liu v gi tr p sut im ng sng c xc nh

trong phng th nghim ti iu kin nhit va, (hnh 3.5).

Hnh 3.5 C s d liu v th nghim xc nh p sut im sng

3.2 La chn phng trnh trng thi
Da vo kt qu nghin cu ca D.I. OReilly, Khoa Du kh trng i hc
Adelaide, c ng trn SPE-129517 nm 2009 v kt qu nghin cu s tng thch
ca cc phng trnh trng thi i vi tng loi cht lu c th, nghin cu c tin
hnh da trn b mu l 6 va Du-Kh khc nhau ti c, cho thy:
i vi kh condensat cc phng trnh trng thi ci tin ER4 (EsmaeilzadehRoshanfekr) 4 bin, PT3 (Patel-Teja) 3 bin cho kt qu m phng chnh xc nht
tt c cc mt, trong khi cc phng trnh trng thi 3 bin nh PR3 v SRK3 cho cc
kt qu tt tng mt c th nh t trng v h s nn Z, nhng li cho kt qu khng
tt v m phng s thay i bo ha pha lng bng ER4 v PT3.
Da vo kt qu nghin cu trn th t u tin la chn phng trnh trng
thi cho m phng qu trnh th nghim PVT trong lun vn ny ln lt l ER4, PT3,
PR3 v SRK3.
Tuy nhin, mt s phng trnh trng thi ci tin hin i ER4 v PT3 khng
c h tr trong phn mm PVTi (hnh 3.6). Do hai phng trnh PR3 v SRK3
c xem xt s dng trong lun vn ny. Phng php hiu chnh nht c
la chn theo tng quan thc nghim ca Lohrenz-Bray-Clark (LBC).
Kt qu sau khi la chn phng trnh trng thi PR3 v SRK3, PVTi cho kt qu
m phng gi tr p sut im sng ln lt Pdew=4244psig v Pdew=4565psig (c hai
61

u sai khc so vi gi tr thc nghim Pdew=4920psig) trc khi hi quy. Tuy nhin,
phng trnh trng thi SRK3 cho kt qu gn vi gi tr thc nghim hn s c la
chn m phng qu trnh th nghim PVT trong lun vn ny.

Hnh 3.6 La chn phng trnh trng thi v phng php hiu chnh nht
Kt qu thc tin cng ch ra rng kt qu m phng sau qu trnh hi quy cc
thng s ca phng trnh SRK3 cho kt qu tt hn PR3. Tuy nhin, khng th kt
lun phng trnh SRK3 tt hn PR3, n ch tt hn trong trng hp ny hay trong
tng trng hp c th.
3.3 M phng th nghim bng phng trnh trng thi
C s d liu phng trnh trng thi SRK3 m phng cc th nghim PVT l
tng thnh phn cc cu t t mu cht lu y ging HD-3X c nhp theo t
phn mole.
Quy trnh m phng cc th nghim CCE v CVD c trnh by ti phn 2.2
vi mc ch xy dng m hnh ton hc phn nh c cc ng x pha v tnh ton
cc tnh cht PVT ca kh condensat iu kin nhit va v cc cp p sut khc
nhau, thay i trong bin rng, lin tc (trong khi cc th nghim PVT ng vai tr
l cc gi tr quan st ch c kho st ti mt vi gi tr ri rc).

62

3.3.1 Kt qu m phng trc khi hiu chnh

Kt qu qu trnh m phng da vo d liu ban u khi cha tin hnh hiu
chnh bng phng php hi quy phi tuyn cho thy gi tr m phng v gi tr thc
nghim c s sai lch ln. Kt qu m phng gi tr p sut im ng sng ban u
t phng trnh SRK3 cho kt qu Pdew=4565psig (ti iu kin nhit va 348.8 oF)
c sai s tng i ln, 17,5% so vi s liu thc nghim Pdew=4920psig.
Hnh 3.7 n 3.14 th hin kt qu m phng cc th nghim CCE v CVD bng
phng trnh trng thi SRK3 trc khi hiu chnh. Trong cc biu gi tr m phng
c th hin bng ng mu xanh lin nt, cc gi tr thc nghim c th hin
bng cc im mu .

Hnh 3.7 bo ha pha lng trong th nghim CCE cha hiu chnh

Hnh 3.8 Th tch tng i trong th nghim CCE cha hiu chnh

63

Hnh 3.9 Gi tr h s nn pha kh trong th nghim CCE cha hiu chnh

Hnh 3.10 Khi lng ring pha kh trong th nghim CCE cha hiu chnh

Hnh 3.11 bo ha pha lng trong th nghim CVD cha hiu chnh

64

Hnh 3.12 Gi tr h s nn pha kh trong th nghim CVD cha hiu chnh

Hnh 3.13 Gi tr h s nn hai pha trong th nghim CVD cha hiu chnh

Hnh 3.14 Khi lng ring pha kh trong th nghim CVD cha hiu chnh

65

Kt qu qu trnh m phng ban u c so snh vi gi tr thc nghim (bng

3.1 v bng 3.2) cho thy trong c hai th nghim CCE v CVD gi tr bo ha pha
lng lun c sai lch rt ln so vi gi tr thc nghim (n 109%). Cc gi tr h s
nn pha kh, khi lng ring pha kh, h s nn hai pha c m phng tng i gn
st vi gi tr thc nghim.
Bng 3.1 So snh kt qu th nghim CCE cha hiu chnh vi s liu thc nghim
So snh kt qu m phng th nghim CCE cha hiu chnh vi s liu thc nghim
bo ha pha lng
Th tch tng i
H s nn pha kh
Khi lng ring pha kh
p Sut
(psig) M phng Thc nghim Sai s (%) M phng Thc nghim Sai s (%) M phng Thc nghim Sai s (%) M phng Thc nghim Sai s (%)
9000
0.7219
0.7736
6.68
1.3951
1.426
2.17 25.1171
24.3844
-3.00
8565
0.7361
0.786
6.35
1.3539
1.379
1.82 24.6215
23.9973
-2.60
23.9349
-2.55
8500
0.7383
0.788
6.31
1.3477
1.372
1.77 24.5449
8100
0.7529
0.8011
6.02
1.3098
1.329
1.44 24.0576
23.5416
-2.19
8000
0.7567
0.8047
5.96
1.3003
1.319
1.42 23.9314
23.4417
-2.09
7500
0.7777
0.8241
5.63
1.2529
1.266
1.03 23.2709
22.8861
-1.68
22.2681
-1.30
7000
0.8016
0.847
5.36
1.2055
1.215
0.78 22.5567
6500
0.8294
0.8742
5.12
1.1584
1.164
0.48 21.7804
21.5751
-0.95
6000
0.8621
0.9066
4.91
1.1116
1.115
0.30 20.9317
20.8072
-0.60
5700
0.8846
0.929
4.78
1.0838
1.086
0.20 20.3826
20.3016
-0.40
19.7709
-0.14
5400
0.9099
0.954
4.62
1.0563
1.056
-0.03 19.7995
19.597
5300
0.919
0.9629
4.56
1.0472
1.046
-0.11
19.5899
-0.04
5200
0.9285
0.9722
4.49
1.0381
1.037
-0.11 19.3902
19.4026
0.06
19.2091
0.16
5100
0.9385
0.9818
4.41
1.0291
1.027
-0.20 19.1788
5000
0.9488
0.9918
4.34
1.0201
1.017
-0.30 18.9628
19.0218
0.31
4950
0.9542
0.9969
4.28
1.0156
1.012
-0.36 18.8529
18.9219
0.36
4920
0.9575
1
4.25
1.013
1.009
-0.40 18.7865
18.8595
0.39
4900
0.9597
1.0024
4.26
4800
0.9711
1.0149
4.32
4700
0.983
1.0282
4.40
4600
0.9955
1.0423
4.49
4565
4400
0.1022
0.0488
-109.43
1.0282
1.0732
4.19
4200
0.1441
0.0672
-114.43
1.0658
1.1083
3.83
3900
0.1674
0.0901
-85.79
1.1302
1.17
3.40
3600
0.1754
0.1085
-61.66
1.2068
1.2454
3.10
3200
0.177
0.1267
-39.70
1.3342
1.3739
2.89
2800
0.174
0.1386
-25.54
1.5024
1.5475
2.91
2400
0.1686
0.1449
-16.36
1.733
1.7889
3.12
2000
0.1613
0.1466
-10.03
2.0648
2.1388
3.46
1600
0.1524
0.1445
-5.47
2.5753
2.6777
3.82
1200
0.1413
0.1394
-1.36
3.4445
3.5911
4.08
800
0.1269
0.1312
3.28
5.2092
5.4258
3.99
515
0.1132
0.1228
7.82
8.1451
8.4379
3.47

Bng 3.2 So snh kt qu th nghim CVD cha hiu chnh vi s liu thc nghim
So snh kt qu m phng th nghim CVD cha hiu chnh vi s liu thc nghim
bo ha pha lng
H s nn pha kh
H s nn hai pha
Khi lng ring pha kh
p Sut
(psig) M phng Thc nghim Sai s (%) M phng Thc nghim Sai s (%) M phng Thc nghim Sai s (%) M phng Thc nghim Sai s (%)
4920
1.013
1.009
-0.40
1.013
1.009
-0.40
18.727
18.839
0.59
4565
0.9818
4200
0.0673
0.1441
53.30
0.9622
0.972
1.01
0.9631
0.954
-0.95 15.2689
15.504
1.52
3500
0.1136
0.1714
33.72
0.9367
0.939
0.24
0.9299
0.911
-2.07 11.9415
12.348
3.29
2800
0.1293
0.1639
21.11
0.9224
0.921
-0.15
0.9002
0.883
-1.95
9.2538
9.5
2.59
2100
0.1305
0.1497
12.83
0.9192
0.918
-0.13
0.8723
0.856
-1.90
6.8035
6.952
2.14
9.25
0.20
-0.59
1.16
1400
0.1207
0.133
0.9281
0.93
0.8389
0.834
4.4915
4.544
700
0.1038
0.1133
8.38
0.9501
0.951
0.09
0.7675
0.78
1.60
2.2978
2.369
3.01

66

3.3.2 Kt qu m phng sau khi hiu chnh

Trong phn ny, quy trnh hiu chnh phng trnh trng thi c trnh by
ti phn 2.3 - Chng 2 c p dng cho mu cht lu y ging HD-3X, vi mc
ch thay i cc gi tr ti hn ca mt s cu t gi tr m phng ph hp vi gi
tr thc nghim.
3.3.2.1 La chn cc thng s hiu chnh trong phng trnh trng thi
Cc thng s chnh c th c chn tin hnh hi quy c phn mm PVTi
a ra th hin trong (hnh 3.15)

Hnh 3.15 La chn cc thng s hi quy trong phn mm PVTi

Tuy nhin, ch c mt vi thng s c la chn hiu chnh trong phng
trnh trng thi SRK3 (la chn theo phng php ca Coats v Smart), l cc thng
s gi tr ti hn Tc, pc, h s lch tm , cc hng s a , b . Tuy nhin, v mu cht
lu l hn hp khng i xng (hn hp c thnh phn phn t khng cng tnh cht
ha hc, nh hn hp kh Hydrocacbon m c cha cc thnh phn tp kh nh: kh
Nit, CO2 hay H2S), nn h s tng tc nh phn kij khng c s dng trnh
li khng hi t trong bi ton m phng va nh cp ti phn 2.3.1 .
Trong cc gi tr ti hn, h s lch tm v cc hng s a , b ca cc
thnh phn nng l i tng hiu chnh chnh, v cc gi tr ny bn thn lun cha
ng nhiu sai s c th c gii thch nh sau: thnh phn nng l mt thnh phn
gi nh ca hn hp nhiu thnh phn (thng thng l ca cc thnh phn c s
nguyn t cacbon t 7 tr ln-C7+) c tnh cht vt l c xc nh da vo cc quy
lut trn ln, do cc tr ti hn c chnh xc hon ton ph thuc vo quy lut
trn ln. Cc thnh phn nng cha ng cc thnh phn c khi lng phn t cng

67

ln th mc sai s cng cao, iu ny l c s chn la cc trng s khi tin hnh

hi quy. Ngoi ra cc thng s ti hn ca thnh phn Mtan cng l i tng hiu
chnh do gi tr nhit ti hn ca mtan c gi tr -115.8oF << nhit va 348.8 oF,
lm cc thng s vt l ca mtan c th b thay i (theo Tarek Ahmed).
3.3.2.2 Cc bc hiu chnh thng s trong phng trnh trng thi
Da vo quy trnh c trnh by ti phn 2.3.2 cc bc hiu chnh thng s
trong phng trnh SRK3 mu cht lu y ging HD-3X c thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1: nh ngha cc thnh phn nng gi nh bng phng php nhm theo t
phn mole. Cc thnh phn s c nhm nh trong (hnh 3.16) sau:

- Nhm X1: C1 + N2
- Nhm X2: C2 + CO2
- Nhm C4: iC4 + nC4
- Nhm C5: iC5 + nC5
- Nhm C7+: C7 + C8
- Nhm C9+: C9+C10+C11
- Nhm C12+

Hnh 3.16 nh ngha cc thnh phn nng bng phng php nhm
Nguyn tc nhm cc thnh phn c cng khi lng phn t tng ng nhau
thnh cc thnh phn gi nh l nguyn tc chung, thay i ty tng trng hp. Tuy
nhin theo tc gi c th tham kho thm yu t t phn mol ca tng cu t quyt
nh s lng nhm v cch thc nhm, cc thnh phn mol c t phn nh c th
c nhm chung vi nhau, thnh phn c t phn mol ln c th khng cn nhm. C
th trng hp ny tc gi la chn 3 thnh phn gi nh: C7+ (C7+C8); C9+
(C9+C10+C11); thnh phn C12+ c chn thnh 1 nhm ring.

68

Vic nhm cc thnh phn xc nh (SCN) nhm gim s lng cu t ti u ha

cho bi ton m phng va v sau, tuy nhin khng nn qu lm dng k thut ny
trnh to thnh thnh phn gi nh c sai s ln. Lu s thnh phn sau khi nhm
khng nn di 6 thnh phn (theo Curtis Whitson)
Bc 2: la chn gi tr cc thng s hi quy cho hng s a , b , cc thng s
gi tr ti hn Tc, pc, h s lch tm ca cc thnh phn C1, C7+, C9+, C12+. Cc
thng s ny c tin hnh hi quy theo nguyn tc:
Cc thng s c nhy cao s c hiu chnh trc: mi thng s nhy
khc nhau c thng k trong bng phn tch nhy ca phn mm PVTi (PVTi:
Run\Regression\Sensitivity Analysis). Cc gi tr nhy trn ng cho chnh ca
ma trn c gi tr cng ln th thng s c nhy cng cao (hnh 3.17). Cc thng s
ny c th c tham kho la chn th t u tin cc thng s hi quy.

Hnh 3.17 Bng phn tch nhy tng thng s theo ma trn Hessian
Khng nn la chn cc thng s c mi tng quan cht ch vi nhau, khi hiu
chnh thng s ny c th nh hng n thng s kia. Phn mm PVTi cung cp bng
thng k phn tch mc tng quan gia cc thng s trong ma trn phn tch
nhy (PVTi: Run\Regression\Correlation), trong gi tr cng gn -1 th cc thng
s c nh hng tri ngc nhau.

69

Bc 3: hi quy cc thng s c la chn v phn tch nhy theo th t

u tin: hi quy cc gi tr p sut ti hn pc , hi quy cc gi tr nhit ti hn Tc ,
hi quy cc gi tr hng s a , b v cui cng l hi quy cc gi tr h s lch tm
Trong bc ny ngoi vic la chn th t u tin cc thng s hi quy, vic
nh gi v a ra cc trng s (gi tr cng ln mc u tin cng cao) cho tng
thng s cng c tin hnh vi s h tr ca phn mm PVTi, cho php t trng s
cho tng thng s ring bit nhng phi tun theo quy lut gia tng tuyn tnh (1,2,3...).
Kt qu cui cng sau khi la chn, thit lp cc trng s hi quy v tin hnh hi
quy theo th t u tin nh (hnh 3.18) sau:

Hnh 3.18 Cc thng s c la chn tin hnh hi quy

3.3.2.3 Kt qu qu trnh m phng th nghim PVT bng phng trnh
trng thi sau khi hiu chnh
Kt qu qu trnh m phng cc th nghim PVT bng phng trnh trng thi
SRK3 sau khi hiu chnh c tham kho so snh vi tiu chun sai s sau qu trnh
hiu chnh ca Cng ty Du kh M-ConocoPhillips (bng 3.3), cho thy kt qu d
bo cc thng s trong th nghim CCE, CVD v p sut im sng u t kt qu
tt n rt tt, ph hp vi tt c cc s liu thc nghim.
Bng 3.3 Bng tiu chun nh gi cht lng hiu chnh ca ConocoPhillips

70

Hnh 3.19 n 3.28 th hin kt qu m phng cc th nghim CCE v CVD bng

phng trnh trng thi SRK3 sau khi hiu chnh.

Hnh 3.19 bo ha pha lng trong th nghim CCE hiu chnh

Hnh 3.20 Th tch tng i trong th nghim CCE hiu chnh

71

Hnh 3.21 Gi tr h s nn pha kh trong th nghim CCE hiu chnh

Hnh 3.22 Gi tr nht pha kh trong th nghim CCE hiu chnh

Hnh 3.23 Khi lng ring pha kh trong th nghim CCE hiu chnh

72

Hnh 3.24 bo ha pha lng trong th nghim CVD hiu chnh

Hnh 3.25 Gi tr h s nn pha kh trong th nghim CVD hiu chnh

Hnh 3.26 Gi tr h s nn hai pha trong th nghim CVD hiu chnh

73

Hnh 3.27 Khi lng ring pha kh trong th nghim CVD hiu chnh

Hnh 3.28 Gi tr nht pha kh trong th nghim CVD hiu chnh

3.3.3 nh gi kt qu m phng
Gi tr p sut im sng sau khi hiu chnh cho kt qu Pdew=4919psig, sai
s khng ng k (sai s 0.02%) so vi gi tr thc nghim Pdew=4920psig. Kt qu m
phng cc gi tr trong cc th nghim CCE v CVD ln lt c sai s so vi thc
nghim c tm tt trong cc bng thng k sai s, bng 3.4 v 3.5.
Bng 3.4 So snh kt qu th nghim CVD hiu chnh vi s liu thc nghim

74

Bng 3.5 So snh kt qu th nghim CCE hiu chnh vi s liu thc nghim

75

Nh vy, kt qu m phng cc gi tr bo ha pha lng, h s nn, khi

lng phn t v nht pha kh trong cc th nghim CCE v CVD bng phng
trnh trng thi SRK3, hu ht u cho kt qu rt tt vi sai s nh hn 3% so vi gi
tr thc nghim. Tuy nhin, mt vi gi tr m phng vn cn sai lch ln vi thc t:
- Trong th nghim CCE kho st bo ha pha lng ti iu kin p sut t
4800-4900psig c sai lch so vi thc nghim t 19-54%, tuy nhin ti cc gi tr p
sut nh hn kt qu m phng li st vi gi tr thc nghim (sai s <3%).
- Gi tr nht ca pha kh trong c hai th nghim c hiu chnh theo phng
php LBC t gi tr m phng rt st vi s liu thc nghim sau khi tin hnh hi
quy.
- Kt qu m phng cui cng tin cy lm thng s u vo cho m hnh
thy ng lc c tnh u ci tin MBO, d bo khai thc m kh condensat Hng
ng, bn trng Cu Long.

76

CHNG 4: NG DNG M HNH NG X PHA D BO KHAI THC

CHO M KH CONDENSAT HNG NG
Trong chng ny s ng dng kt qu xy dng m hnh ng x pha Chng
3 lm u vo kho st m hnh thy ng lc (m hnh khai thc) m kh
condensat Hng ng, t tin hnh d bo khai thc v a ra chin lc khai thc
thch hp cho m kh condensat Hng ng.
4.1 Tng quan v i tng nghin cu
i tng nghin cu chnh ca lun vn l trm tch ct kt Oligocene (tp F),
m kh condensat Hng ng c pht hin nm 2003, thuc bn trng Cu Long.
4.1.1 Lch s thm d v thm lng
4.1.1.1 V tr m kh condensat Hng ng
M kh condensat Hng ng cch b bin Vit Nam khong 62 km trong vng
nc su khong 56 m (hnh 4.1) bao gm 2 i tng cha chnh c pht hin l
trm tch ct kt Oligocene (tp E & F)

Hnh 4.1 V tr m kh condensat Hng ng trong bn trng Cu Long

77

M kh condensat Hng ng nm pha Bc m Rng ng (JVPC), Pha TyNam m Ruby (Petronas), pha Nam cc m S T en v S T Vng (Cu Long
JOC).
4.1.1.2 Lch s thm d v thm lng
Ging khoan thm d u tin (HD-1X) c khoan nh gi trin vng ca
m Hng ng. Ging c khoan n su 4029 mTVDSS. Ging khoan khng
c th va trong tng mng, tuy nhin th va trong tng trm tch cho thy biu
hin du kh t 3 va trong tng ct kt Oligocene (tp D, E, F). Kt qu th va DST#1
trong tp D cho lu lng 1,7 triu b khi/ngy v 590 thng du/ngy; DST#2 trong
tp F cho lu lng kh ti a 32 triu b khi/ngy v 3604 thng condensat/ngy;
DST#3 trong tp E cho lu lng kh cc i t 37,7 triu b khi/ngy v 4033
thng condensat/ngy. Ging c hy v c xem nh mt ging khoan pht hin
du, kh v condensat. Hin tng mt dung dch hon ton trong tng mng cng
c ghi nhn. Hin tng mt dung dch ny l du hiu cho thy h thng nt n/t
gy c kh nng cho dng chy c gi tr thng mi.
Ging thm lng u tin, HD-2X, c khoan nh gi tng mng nt
n, cng nh cc va ct kt Oligocene (tp E & F). Ging c khoan n su 4810
mTVDSS. Th va DST c tin hnh ti phn nc tng mng cho lu lng kh cc
i l 10 triu b khi kh/ngy v 1200 thng condensat/ngy.
Ging thm lng th hai, HD-3X, c khoan thm lng phn ra ko di
ca tp E v F v khi t gy cha th trc . Ging c khoan n nc tng
mng su 4873 mTVDSS. Cc kt qu th va c tm tt nh sau: DST#1
trong tp F cho lu lng kh cc i t 8,7 triu b khi/ngy v 1086 thng
condensat/ngy; DST#2 trong tp E cho lu lng kh cc i t 10,8 triu b
khi/ngy v 1372 thng condensat/ngy; DST#2A trong tp E c lu lng kh cc
i t 5,2 triu b khi/ngy v 865 thng condensat/ngy.
Ging thm lng HD-4X c khoan kim tra cnh pha bc ca trm tch
Oligocene cu to Hng ng. Ging ny nm cch ging HD-3X khong 4,5 km v
pha ng Bc, c khoan n su 4873 mTVDSS vo tp F kim tra cc tng
ct kt thuc tp E v F. Ging HD-4X c khi cng vo ngy 16 thng 6 nm 2006,
v hon thnh vo ngy 03 thng 10 nm 2006. Ging gp tng ct kt tp E t su
3916 mTVDSS n 4361,9 mTVDSS, gp ct kt F t su 4602 mTVDSS n y
ging ti su 4873 mTVDSS. Ging HD-4X c th va trong tp E. Lu lng

78

th va cc i ca kh v du/condensat ln lt l 7,9 triu b khi/ngy v 2200

thng/ngy (du c t trng 38.30 API). V tr cc ging khoan thm d v thm lng
c th hin trong (hnh 4.2)

Hnh 4.2 V tr cc ging thm d v thm lng m kh condensat Hng ng

4.1.2 S lc c im a tng khu vc m kh condensat Hng ng
Cc thng tin v a tng, a cht khu vc m kh condensat Hng ng c
tham kho t cc ti liu bo co a cht.
a tng khu vc m kh Hng ng l kt qu tng hp t minh gii a chn,
minh gii karota a vt l, sinh a tng, phn tch mu cc ging khoan. Ct a tng
bao gm ni la ca mng trc Tam v trm tch lc nguyn Cenozoi xen k
vi phun tro.
Mt ct a chn qua cc ging khoan (hnh 4.3) th hin b mt phn chia cc
tp trm tch trong khu vc m kh condensat Hng ng, bn trng Cu Long.

79

Hnh 4.3 Mt ct a chn qua cc ging khoan trong m kh Hng ng

Tng mng tin Tertiary
Kt qu minh gii a chn cho thy tng mng c su phn b ti 3883m,
3976m v 4861m (TVDSS) tng ng vi cc ging HD-1X, HD-2X v HD-3X.
Ngoi tr ging HD-2X pht hin mng gm granite v granodiorite, nhng
ging khc c th l cui kt mt loi ni la cha cc mnh v trn v gc cnh
b ha tan trong khung phun tro ht mn. Mnh v ch yu bao gm granite,
andesite, monzonite, diorite, monzodiorite, rhyolite, ct kt v mt t khong vt (ging
HD-1X).
Mng b nt n mnh v c i phong ha nh. i phong ha b gii hn t 2080m. So snh thch hc trong cc ging m Hng ng vi cc ging thuc m S
T en v S T Vng, cng vi mt s vt l quan st c linquan n a tng ca
i Lt, cho thy mng khu vc m Hng ng bao gm granitoid b xuyn
ct bi nhiu mch xm nhp ca andesite, diorite, monzodiorite. Nhng ny
trng tng t nh ca phc h nh Qun, o C, v trm tch ni la ca
thnh h Nha Trang. Chng c th c to thnh trong giai on Jura-Creta.

80

Trm tch k Tam

Trm tch Cenozoic trong m Hng ng t gi nht n tr nht c miu t
nh sau:
Eoxen mun Oligoxen sm: Thnh h Tr C di / Tp F
Tng F c xem l phn di ca thnh h Tr C, c xc nh u tin
ging HD-1X trn t lin. Trm tch tp F u hin din trong tt c 4 ging ca m
Hng ng vi chiu dy thay i t 207m ti nh n hn 500m pha sn. B
mt mu xanh nht xc nh ranh gii trn ca thnh h ny. N gn nh trng khp
vi mng trc Tam nm bn di v b bo mn ti phn nh ca cu trc. T
bn sn xung, s ph chm ln mng l du hiu xc nh tp F r rng hn. Ti
liu ging cho thy tp F c chia thnh 2 phn. Phn trn (cn gi l tp st F) dy
khong 62-300m gm st kt v bn kt. Phn di (hay tp ct kt F) bao gm ch
yu l ct kt xen k vi mt t st kt, bt kt v vi (limestone hay dolomitized
limestone). Ngoi ra, ni la cng c mt trong F-sand (t ti liu ging HD-1X).
Oligoxen sm: Thnh h Tr C trn / Tp E
Tp E c xem l phn trn ca thnh h Tr C, c xc nh bi ging HD1X trn t lin. Trong 4 ging khoan m Hng ng, chiu dy tp E thay i t
185m ti nh cho n hn 550m dc theo sn ca cu trc. Trm tch tp E ph
chm ln phn trn cng tp F vi ranh gii trn cng c xc nh bi b mt mu
nu. l b mt bo mn, c minh gii nh l ranh gii di ca tp st D nm
bn trn. V vy, phn trn cng ca tp E c th b bo mn hoc thiu. Thnh phn
thch hc ch yu l st mu nu xen k vi ct kt hoc bt kt.
Oligoxen mun: H tng Tr Tn / Tp C v D
Cc t thuc h tng Tr Tn thng c gi l Tp D v C, l cc c
tui Oligoxen, bao gm cc phin mu en v bt kt vi mt vi lp ct kt. y l
tng sinh rt tt trong khu vc ng thi l tng chn trn mng kt tinh nt n.
H tng Bch H:
Cc t thuc h tng Bch H thng c gi l Tp BI, l cc c tui
Mioxen sm, bao gm cc phin st mu nu, xm xanh xen ln cc tp ct kt v bt
kt. Cc phin st ny l tng chn rt tt mang tnh khu vc. Cc tp ct kt tuy c

81

 rng ln nhng khng phn b lin tc. Tuy vy, chng vn cho mt sn lng khai
thc hng nm khng nh.
H tng Cn Sn:
Cc t thuc h tng Cn Sn thng c gi l Tp BII, ch yu l cc
lp ct kt ht th xen kp bt kt c tui Mioxen trung. Ti liu thu c t cc ging
khoan cho thy h tng Cn Sn khng c tim nng du kh.
H tng ng Nai:
Cc t thuc H tng ng Nai thng c gi l Tp BIII, ch yu l
cc tp ct c ht trung bnh, rt giu glauconite c tui Mioxen mun. Tng t h
tng Cn Sn, h tng ng Nai cng khng thy cc du hiu du kh.
H tng Bin ng:
Bao gm cc trm tch Tp A vi thnh phn ch yu l ct ht mn rt giu
sinh vt bin v glauconite mu vng.
4.1.3 Tr lng kh ti ch tp F m kh Hng ng
Tr lng kh ti ch ban u ca tp F, m kh Hng ng c tnh bng
phng php th tch vi cc ranh gii v phn cp tr lng c th:
im trn trn bn t kt qu phn tch a chn c su 5150 mTVDSS cho
i tng tp F.
i vi tp F, cc ranh gii phn cp tr lng Xc minh C kh nng (P1P2) c ly ti su di cng ca khong c l th va thnh cng. Cc ranh gii
phn cp tr lng C kh nng C th (P2-P3) c ly ti im gia (half-way)
khong cch ca P1-P2 n im trn hoc n im Kh thp nht thy c (LKG).
Trong tp F im phn chia P1-P2 l 4448 mTVDSS, im trn (4800 mTVDSS)
c ly lm ranh gii ca P2-P3. Phn th tch c phn loi l P3, bng cch dch
chuyn ng im trn xung y ca tp F (5150 mTVDSS).
Bn phn cp tr lng tp F theo cc cp P1, P2 v P3 c th hin trong
(hnh 4.4)

82

Hnh 4.4 Bn phn cp tr lng cho tp F

Kt qu tnh ton tr lng Kh ti ch v Kh ng hnh theo phng php
Monte-Carlo c tm tt trong Bng 4.1
Bng 4.1 Tr lng Kh ti ch v Kh ng hnh theo phng php Monte-Carlo
Khong bin thin

P90

Khong nh gi

Thp

Tp F

P1
P2
P3

699
504
675

1158
829
1007

1817
1239
1417

1223
848
1034

Tng

P1+P2

1203

1987

3056

2071

Kh (t b
khi, kh)

4.2 M hnh thy ng lc m kh Hng ng

4.2.1 Tnh cht cha v cht lu va
4.2.1.1 Tnh cht cha

83

P50
Most
Likely

P10
Cao

Mean

Tnh cht cha tp F ca m Hng ng da trn cc phn tch trn mu

thng thng (RCAL) v phn tch trn mu li c bit (SCAL). Thng tin thu c
t hai phn tch trn c ng dng vo vic nh gi thnh h v xy dng m hnh
va cha.
Quan h rng-thm t kt qu phn tch mu thng thng
RCAL cho ging HD-2X v HD-3X c tin hnh ti Vin Du kh, Chi nhnh
Thnh ph H Ch Minh (bng 4.2) lit k s th nghim mu li c tin hnh phn
tch RCAL. Hnh 4.5 biu th mi quan h thm-rng (o trong iu kin p sut a
tnh) ca cc mu li.
Bng 4.2 S lng mu li cho cc mc ch phn tch RCAL
Ging
Tp va
rng - thm
Mt ht
p sut a tnh (psi)
bo ha nc

HD-2X
E

HD-3X
F

69

39

76

80

2500
18

3100
9

2600
22

4000
20

Mu li Rng Thm & Mu SCAL ca cc ging m HD

1000.000

E - HD-2X

F - HD-2X

E - HD-3X

F - HD-3X

E - HD-4X

Pc/FF/RI

nn

thm tng i

100.000

10.000

1.000

0.100

0.010

0.001
0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.

16.0

18.0

rng (%)

Hnh 4.5 Quan h rng thm t s liu mu li HD-2X, HD-3X

84

 thm pha t kt qu phn tch mu li c bit

Cc th nghim v thm pha du y kh c tin hnh di iu kin trng
thi n nh trn 17 mu li (7 ca ging HD-2X, 5 ca ging HD-3X v 5 ca HD4X). th cc ng cong th hin chng trn hnh 4.6 v kt qu sau khi hiu chnh
c th hin trn hnh 4.7

Hnh 4.6 Kt qu o thm pha kh-du cc ging HD-2X, HD-3X v HD-4X

Hnh 4.7 thm pha kh-du cc ging HD-2X, HD-3X v HD-4X sau khi hiu chnh

85

 nn ca cha
Phn tch nn th tch l rng trn 8 mu li ca ging HD-2X cho kt qu cho
gi tr nn khong 2E-06/psi n 9E-06/psi.
4.2.1.2 Tnh cht cht lu va
Tng hp kt qu phn tch DST
Ti i tng nghin cu (tp F) c 4 ging khoan thm d v thm lng c
khoan qua tin hnh nghin cu. Tuy nhin, qu trnh th va ti tp F ch c tin
hnh ti 3 trong 4 ging khoan trn, (bng 4.3) tm tt cc thng s th va.
Bng 4.3 cc thng s c bn ca qu trnh th va m kh Hng ng
Ging

HD-1X

HD-3X

HD-4X

DST #

Tp

"F"

"F"

"F"

Khong th va (mMDRT)

4043-4115

Khong th va (mTVDSS)

3733 3788

Phn thn ging m va

Lu lng kh ti a (tr.b
khi kh/ngy)
Du ng hnh
(thng/ngy)
CGR (thng/triu b khi
kh)
API ca Condensate
H2S (ppm)
C Cn
p sut ming ging (psig)
p sut va (psia)
su o (mTVDSS)

7"

4383 4483
43494448
7"

4681 4876
4646.4 4840.2
5"

32.1

8.7

Hy

3751

1086

117

125

51-55
35
56/64"
2636
8157
3703
ng ging
ban u

49-53
25
64/64"
603
8501
4306

p sut va c on

86

MDT

Khng
c
Khng
c

S liu th va DST trong tp F

Trong tp F c tt c 3 qu trnh th va HD-1X (DST#2), HD-3X (DST#1), HD4X (DST#1). Tuy nhin, qu trnh DST thc hin ti ging HD-4X (DST#1) khng
thnh cng. Do , kt qu phn tch th va ch yu da vo hai kt qu cn li, bng
4.4 v 4.5 th hin cc thng s va trong qu trnh phn tch ti liu p sut (PTA).
Tp F ging HD-1X (DST#2)
Qu trnh th va c thc hin trong ng chng 7, khong m va 4043 4115
mMDRT (13265 -13501 ft).
Cc mu PVT c ly v phn tch trong tp F cho thy cht lu l kh
condensat ngng t ngc. Trong sut giai on m dng chnh, lu lng kh trung
bnh l 22,8 triu b khi kh/ngy v lu lng condensat l 2802 thng/ngy vi
chnh p y ging khong 480 psi, c cn 40/64. Trong giai on th lu lng tng
cp, lu lng kh ti a l 32 triu b khi kh/ngy v condensat l 3604 thng/ngy
vi chnh p y ging l 720 psi v p sut dng chy u ging ti thiu l 2636
psig, c cn 56/64. Ngoi suy s liu y ging ca DST cho thy p sut v nhit
va ban u xp x 8154 psia v 311,5oF , su 3733 mTVDss.
Tp F ging HD-3X (DST#1)
Qu trnh th va ny c tin hnh trong ng chng 7, khong m va
4383-4483 mMDRT (14381 14709 ft). Kt qu phn tch cht lu va tp F cho thy
l condensat ngng t ngc. Lu lng kh ti a l 8,7 triu b khi kh/ngy v lu
lng condensat l 1686 thng/ngy vi chnh p y ging l 6900 psi v p sut u
ging 603 psig, c cn 64/64 trong sut giai on m dng chnh. Hnh 4.27 biu din
th o hm p sut theo thi gian ca th va DST ny. p sut v nhit va ban
u c ngoi suy t s liu p sut th va DST l khong 8501 psia v 340OF
su 3843 mTVDss (12609 ft).
Kt qu th va DST#1 ca ging HD-3X cho thy tim nng ca ging thp, h
s skin ca tp F l +9, nguyn nhn gy ra c th l do hin tng tch pha lng hnh
thnh xung quanh y ging. Kt qu phn tch thnh phn mu cht lu y ging ca
ging HD-3X tp F tng i ging vi cc mu ly c ca cc ging ST-1X.

87

Bng 4.4 v 4.5 tm tt mt s kt qu phn tch th va ging HD-1X(DST#2)

v HD-3X(DST#1).
Bng 4.4 Thng s va c s dng cho phn tch ti liu th va ging 1X, tp F
Bg: 0,0036 ft3/scf
rng: 12 %
Rw: 0,354 ft

Cg: 4,55e-5
Cf: 8,6e-6
Cw: 3,8e-6

Sw: 20%
Ct: 20,55e-6
Ug: 0,051cp

Bng 4.5 Thng s va c s dng cho phn tch ti liu th va ging 3X, tp F
Bg: 0,0036 ft3/scf
rng: 12 %
Rw: 0,354 ft

Cg: 4,56e-5
Cf: 4,1e-6
Cw: 3,8e-6

Sw: 20%
Ct: 20,11e-6
Ug: 0,051503cp

Tnh cht PVT ca cht lu va

Phn ny trnh by kt qu phn tch PVT ca cc mu cht lu c thu thp t
ging thm d HD-1X v 3 ging thm lng (HD-2X, HD-3X, HD-4X), tp trung vo
phn tch cc kt qu PVT c trng cho tp F.
Bng 4.6, tng hp cc mu cht lu thu thp c ti tp F trong qu trnh thm
lng m kh Hng ng. Trong c cc mu cht lu ly ti y ging v bnh tch
mang tnh i din cho cht lu va (mu cht lu thu thp ti ging HD-3X v HD1X).
Bng 4.6 Cc loi mu cht lu thu thp c trong tp F
Ging

Tp

Mu MDT

HD-1X

Mu y ging
(mu su)
C

HD-2X

Khng

Khng

HD-3X

Khng

HD-4X

Khng

Khng

Khng

Mu bnh tch

Ghi ch

Kt qu phn tch PVT s b theo tng ging

Trong phn ny s tng hp cc mu cht lu ly trong cc ging thm d v
thm lng, c bit tp trung vo cc tnh cht PVT ca cht lu c trng cho tp F
v s bin i thnh phn ca chng theo tng ging ca m kh Hng ng.

88

Ging HD-1X
Cc mu cht lu ly ti bnh tch v y ging cho kt qu cc thnh phn chnh
kh tng ng. Mt s kt lun c a ra da trn kt qu phn tch mu cht lu
ca ging HD-1X nh sau:
Kt qu phn tch p sut im sng ring bit ca 3 mu cht lu thu thp c
t DST bao gm cc mu ly t bnh tch (DST#2) v cc mu y ging (DST#2)
tng sn phm F cho thy: p sut im sng ca cht lu khong 4920 psig.
Lng kh ngng t ca LPG (C2-C4) v condensat (C5+) ca kh ny ln lt l
61 triu b khi kh/ngy v 147,8 thng/ngy. Nhng c tnh PVT ch ra rng kh
trong tp F l kh giu hm lng lng. H s th tch kh thnh h (gin n kh) xp x
275 SCF/RCF i vi kh m ti iu kin va 305oF v 8150 psi.
Ging HD-2X
S liu p sut MDT ca ging HD-2X ch ra rng khu vc ny c chung mt c
ch p sut nh ging HD-1X.
Ging HD-3X
S liu MDT thu thp c t ging HD-3X cho thy c ch p sut tp F khu
vc ging HD-3X c cng c ch vi khu vc ging HD-1X v HD-2X. Kt qu phn
tch p sut im sng mu cht lu y ging thu thp c t DST#1, cho kt qu
p sut im sng ca ging HD-3X tng t vi mu ca ging HD-1X.
Ging HD-4X
Ging HD-4X khng c s liu o MDT, cng nh mu cht lu thu thp t tp F.
Th nghim PVT cht lu c trng ca tp F
Cc th nghim PVT c thc hin i vi kh condensat ch yu l CCE v
CVD, c th:
HD-1X: Th nghim CCE c thc hin trn cc mu y ging v mu bnh
tch khc nhau, kt qu tng i ging vi cc ln o, v vy ch dng mt mu ging
HD-1X trong bo co.
HD-3X: Th nghim CCE v CVD c thc hin trn mu y ging cho tp F.

89

Da vo cc kt qu phn tch cho thy c tnh PVT ca tp F l ging nhau

gia cc ging HD-1X v HD-3X. Tp F c t s CGR o c trong qu trnh th va
khong 120 thng/triu b khi, API ca du l 50 v p sut ngng t l 4920 psia
(HD-3X). V s tng ng gia cht lu thu thp ti ging HD-1X v HD-3X (hnh
4.8) nn d liu u vo v tnh cht cht lu trong m kh Hng ng trong m hnh
thy ng lc c tnh ton da trn kt qu phn tch PVT mu y ging HD-3X.
Kt qu xy dng m hnh m phng ng x pha bng phng trnh trng thi SRK3
ca cht lu ny c trnh by ti chng 3 ca lun vn.

Hnh 4.8 Thnh phn mu cht lu tp F ti ging HD-1X v HD-3X tng ng nhau
c im nc thnh h trong tp F
C 3 mu nc tp F ti khu vc ging HD-1X c ly trong giai on th va
DST. Kt qu phn tch cho thy nc va c t trng trung bnh gn 1 g/ml, dn l
7,67 ms/cm, hm lng rn ha tan mc trung bnh (5446 mg/l), v hm lng mui
thp 5882 mg/l. Nhng mu ny c hm lng thp cc thnh phn: Cloride (29013429 mg/l), Canxi (1343-1678 mg/l) v I-t (0,21-0,64 mg/l). Mt s cht rn nh
Brm, Natri, Ma-gi v Sun-pht c hm lng mc thng thng ca nc bin
trong thnh h. Thnh phn mu ch ra rng cc mu ny u l nc va.

90

4.2.2 M hnh thy ng lc

4.2.2.1 M hnh a cht
Quy trnh xy dng m hnh a cht (m hnh tnh) cho m kh Hng ng c
minh ha trong (hnh 4.9).

Hnh 4.9 Quy trnh xy dng m hnh a cht

Thng s u vo ca m hnh bao gm cc bn tng a chn, ti liu o log,
ti liu mu li v bn h thng t gy. (Hnh 4.10) m t cc ng cong a vt
l th hin cc tnh cht c trng ca cha trong on ly mu li.
Kch thc li c chn trong m hnh a cht l 50m x 50m x 2.5m. Cch
ny to ra s lng li rt ln: 21 triu , 472 lp cho tp ct F. Cc ng o log
c s dng xy dng thng s u vo ca m hnh a cht bao gm cc c tnh
va cha trng thi tnh, cc tng , rng hiu dng, v bo ha nc ban
u. Cc phn tch chuyn su c tin hnh trc khi m hnh tng v m hnh
thch hc c xy dng. Ch c hai tng c s dng l ct v khun nn l st.

91

Hnh 4.10 D liu o a vt l ging khoan ti on ly mu li

Cui cng, m hnh a cht c chuyn i t l to ra m hnh khai thc
vi mt li tha hn (50m x 50m x 40m). T l ct st (NTG) c trng s ha
cho th tch tng (BRV). rng c trng s ha cho BRV*NTG. Cc mi quan
h rng-thm c to ra cho mi ging da trn mi quan h rng-thm t phn tch
mu li. Cc mi quan h rng thm ny c hiu chnh ph hp vi kt qu phn
tch ti liu th va trong DST cho mi khong th. Nhng mi quan h ny c biu
th trong (hnh 4.11)

92

Hnh 4.11 Quan h rng - thm t kt qu phn tch mu li thng thng

Hnh 4.12 Bn phn b thm tp F m kh Hng ng

Quan h rng thm (hnh 4.11) c phn b trong m hnh a cht theo hai khu
vc chnh: khu vc nh v khu vc ra ca cu to. Cc khu vc ny c phn bit
da trn kt qu phn tch h thng t gy thy c trn ti liu a chn.

93

4.2.2.2 M hnh thy ng lc

Thng thng i vi m kh condensat m hnh thy ng lc a thnh phn
(E300) s c la chn tin hnh m phng v kh nng: m t hnh trng pha ca
cht lu qua cc cu t c th (c s khc nhau v t l mol tng thnh phn gia pha
lng v pha kh ca cng mt loi cht lu); m phng s tn ti ng thi thnh phn
lng trong pha kh ti iu kin va v s bin i t l thnh phn ca c hai pha trong
qu trnh suy gim p sut.
Tuy nhin, m hnh m kh Hng ng c xy dng vi tng s lng li
1.280.160 (168x254x30), s lng c a vo bi ton m phng l gn 280000
(active cell), khi s dng m hnh a thnh phn s tn rt nhiu thi gian tin hnh
m phng. V vy tc gi xut s dng m hnh thy ng lc m phng c tnh
du ci tin (MBO-Modified Black-Oil) tin hnh bi ton m phng.
S dng m hnh thy ng lc c tnh du ci tin-MBO (c s dng cho
cc m hnh cha c 3 thnh phn kh, du v nc) nhm lm gim thi gian cng
nh ti nguyn chy cc m hnh a thnh phn, m vn m bo kt qu m phng
thnh phn pha lng trong pha kh v s bin i ca n theo s bin i p sut. y
chnh s khc bit chnh gia m hnh m phng thng thng E100 so vi m hnh
c tnh du ci tin-MBO.
MBO s nh ngha thm thng s t s du-kh, Rv (t s lng du th kh cha
trong mt n v th tch kh xc nh), Rv l mt hm ph thuc vo p sut tng t
h s cha kh Rs (hay t s kh-du). Ngoi ra trong qu trnh xy dng m hnh thy
ng, bn cnh cc thng s cn thit t m hnh a cht (cu trc, b dy, rng,
thm, chiu dy hiu dng, bo ha nc..), th cc d liu ranh gii kh-nc v
kh-du trong tnh ton tr P50, cc kt qu PVT v phn tch mu li c bit cng
c a vo trong m hnh ny.
Kch thc mng li m hnh thy ng tp F
- Kch thc li 50m x 50m x 40m.
- S lng li: 168 (I) x 254 (J) x 30 (Z) = 1280160 .
- S lng li tham gia qu trnh tnh ton-active cell (khong 280000 ), gi
tr cut-off trong m hnh a cht: thm <0,1mD, rng<3,5%, Sgas<30%.

94

Phn loi tng -Rock type

M hnh m phng s dng 7 bng SCAL cho 7 loi khc nhau, nguyn tc
phn chia cc loi c tham kho t m hnh a cht, vi cc ng gi tr
thm pha (hnh 4.13) v p sut mao dn (hnh 4.14), nh sau:
Krg

Kro

1.00
0.50

0.90
0.80

0.40

0.70

Bng 5

0.50

Bng 4

0.40

Bng 3

0.30

Bng 2

0.20

0.10

Bng 6

0.60
0.30

0.20

Bng 7

Bng 1

0.10
0.00

0.00
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Sg

Hnh 4.13 Gi tr thm pha du-kh cho tng bng

Hnh 4.14 Gi tr p sut mao dn cho tng bng

95

Hnh 4.15 Bn phn b bo ha kh theo tng

Tnh cht PVT ca cht lu va
M hnh ch s dng mt bng PVT nh cp trn. ng dng kt qu xy
dng m hnh ng x pha Chng 3, c s d liu v tnh cht PVT c xut ra t
phn mm PVTi vi cc thng s c la chn l PVTO v PVTG, nh hnh 4.16.

Hnh 4.16 La chn thng s PVT cho m hnh thy ng

96

Trong PVTG s nh ngha thm t s du-kh, Rv, thnh phn quan trng
m phng s bin i ca pha lng trng thi hi ha tan trong pha kh, pha lng
dng hi s tch t thnh pha lng tht s khi p sut va thp hn p sut im ng
sng.
4.2.3 Kt qu bi ton m phng
4.2.3.1 Hiu chnh gi tr tr lng kh ti ch ban u
Gi tr kh ti ch ban u c xc nh bng phng php th tch c ph
duyt l 1987 t b khi-Bscf, tuy nhin m hnh thy ng cha hiu chnh cho gi tr
1584 Bscf (sai s 20%). ph hp vi con s tr lng ph duyt, m hnh c
hiu chnh rng tng 20% cho kt qu 1980,8 Bscf (sai s 3,5%).
4.2.3.2 Hiu chnh m hnh ph hp vi d liu th va ti ging HD-1X
(DST#2) v ging HD-3X (DST#1)
M hnh m kh Hng ng c chia lm 2 khu vc chnh: khu vc nh v khu
vc ra cu to. Trong mi khu vc cc tnh cht thy ng lc s c hiu chnh theo
d liu th va sau:
HD-1X (DST#2) c tin hnh ti khu vc nh cu to (vng 4)
HD-3X (DST#1) c tin hnh ti khu vc ra cu to (vng 5,6)

6
4

Hnh 4.17 Bn phn chia cc khu vc chnh ca m kh Hng ng

97

Qu trnh ph hp ha cc s liu lch s vi s liu thc nghim ti tng ging

c thc hin bng cc m hnh cc b (ct ra t m hnh ton cc) vn m bo tnh
i din cho khu vc kho st (nh hay ra cu to) khi cc chiu ln hn bn knh nh
hng trong qu trnh th va. Mc ch lm gim thi gian chy m hnh m phng.
M hnh thy ng cc b c la chn cch tm ging khoan mi chiu 15
(750m) m bo ln hn bn knh nh hng (183m~600ft) c xc nh trong qu
trnh th va ti ging HD-3X, khu vc ra.
Da trn kt qu phn tch th va DST, m Hng ng c nhiu thng s va
cha chc chn c th hiu chnh trong qu trnh ph hp gi tr m phng vi gi tr
thc nghim, bao gm: phn b thm; tnh lin thng trong va v cc nh hng
ca bin; h s skin.
HD-1X (DST#2)
M hnh cc b ging HD-1X (DST#2) c th hin trong (hnh 4.18) th hin
ging HD-1X nm ch yu trong khu vc nh ca cu to (khu vc Multnum=4), c
thm tt.

Vng s 4 v 5

thm theo phng X

bo ha kh

Hnh 4.18 M hnh thy ng cc b khu vc ging HD-1X

98

Kt qu m hnh thy ng trc khi hiu chnh cc thng s va c th hin

trong (hnh 4.19). Kt qu m phng p sut y ging cho kt qu cao hn s liu
thc nghim ti thi im ban u, giai on phc hi p sut v giai on th nhiu
cp lu lng.

Hnh 4.19 Kt qu ph hp gi tr lch s trc khi hiu chnh m hnh

Mt s hiu chnh c tin hnh cho ton b mng li ph hp s liu m
phng vi s liu thc nghim:
Hiu chnh gi tr thm v lin thng ln lt theo cc t s 0.5 v 0.9
Hiu chnh gi tr WellPI bng gi tr 95.
Sau khi hiu chnh cc thng s trn kt qu cui cng (hnh 4.20) cho thy
m hnh c hiu chnh ph hp vi s liu lch s.

99

Hnh 4.20 Kt qu ph hp gi tr lch s cui cng sau khi hiu chnh m hnh
HD-3X (DST#1)
M hnh cc b ging HD-3X (DST#1) c th hin trong (hnh 4.21) th hin
ging HD-1X nm ch yu trong khu vc ra ca cu to (khu vc Multnum=5), c
thm km.

Vng s 5

thm theo phng X

bo ha kh

Hnh 4.21 M hnh thy ng cc b khu vc ging HD-3X

100

Kt qu m hnh thy ng trc khi hiu chnh cc thng s va c th hin

trong (hnh 4.22). Kt qu m phng p sut y ging cho kt qu cao hn s liu
thc nghim trong giai on phc hi p sut.

Hnh 4.22 Kt qu ph hp gi tr lch s trc khi hiu chnh m hnh

Mt s hiu chnh c tin hnh cho ton b mng li ph hp s liu m
phng vi s liu thc nghim:
Hiu chnh gi tr thm v lin thng ln lt theo cc t s 0.4 v 0.2
Hiu chnh gi tr WellPI bng gi tr 1.2 (km hn nhiu so vi gi tr ging
HD-1X, kt qu ph hp vi thc nghim).
Sau khi hiu chnh cc thng s trn kt qu (hnh 4.23) cho thy m hnh
c hiu chnh ph hp vi s liu lch s.

101

Hnh 4.23 Kt qu ph hp gi tr lch s cui cng sau khi hiu chnh m hnh
4.2.3.3 D bo khai thc
Sau khi hiu chnh cc s liu m phng ph hp vi s liu thc nghim ti
cc m hnh cc b (hnh 4.20 v 4.23), cc thng s hiu chnh ca m hnh ton cc
c p dng theo nguyn tc sau:
Khu vc nh cu to (vng s 4) cc thng s c hiu chnh theo thng s
hiu chnh trong m hnh cc b ging HD-1X.
Khu vc ra cu to (vng s 5,6) cc thng s c hiu chnh theo thng s
hiu chnh trong m hnh cc b ging HD-3X.
Sau khi hiu chnh kt qu m phng khng khc so vi m hnh cc b, kt qu
th hin trong (hnh 4.24). Nh vy kt qu m hnh ton cc c chp nhn a
vo d bo khai thc. Qu trnh d bo khai thc s gii quyt hai vn chnh:
Ti u ha s lng ging khai thc.
nh gi mc nh hng ca cc thng s khng chc chn n h s thu
hi.

102

Hnh 4.24 So snh kt qu m hnh ton cc v m hnh cc b

Ti u ha s lng ging khai thc
ti u s lng ging khai thc, tc gi s dng phng php th-sai v so
snh. Ging khai thc c t ti a vo m hnh , v tr ging khai thc c la
chn da vo bn phn b bo ha kh, (hnh 4.25), khong cch gia cc ging
l 1km, tng cng c 30 ging c xc nh.
M hnh thy ng d bo khai thc c thit lp vi thng s:
30 ging cng khai thc t ngy 01/01/2013

31/12/2028.

Lu lng kh khai thc c kim sot c nh 150 MMscf/d.

Sau khi chy d bo khai thc kt qu s c kim tra theo thng s lu lng
khai thc tng ging. Qu trnh loi b cc ging khai thc vi lu lng km c
tin hnh, kt qu loi b sau cng cho 2 trng hp:
Trng hp 1: loi b cc ging c lu lng trung bnh di 2 triu b khi
ngy-MMscf/d (7 ging b loi).

103

Trng hp 2: loi b cc ging c lu lng trung bnh di 4 triu b khi

ngy-MMscf/d (10 ging b loi).
C 2 trng hp c chy d bo khai thc ti cui i m vi cc thng s
nu trn, kt qu lng kh thu hi tng cng (hnh 4.26) mi trng hp c kim
tra v so snh vi trng hp ti a 30 ging khai thc.

Hnh 4.25 Bn phn b ging khai thc trong trng hp c 30 ging khai thc

Trng hp

Tng lng kh Khc bit vi

thu hi (T b trng hp
khi kh)
30 ging

30 Ging

782.5

23 Ging

771.1

11.4

20 Ging

716.3

66.2

Hnh 4.26 So snh kt qu d bo cc m hnh 30, 23 v 20 ging khai thc

104

Kt qu cho thy lng kh thu hi cui cng trng hp 23 ging khai thc
(771.1 t b khi) thp hn khng ng k (11 t b khi~1.4%) so vi trng hp 30
ging khai thc. Trng hp gim s lng ging khai thc xung 20 v lu lng
trung bnh cc ging khng thp hn 4 MMscf/d li cho kt qu khc bit ti 66,2 t b
khi~8.4%. Nh vy, phng n 23 ging khai thc vi lu lng trung bnh ngy ca
mi ging trn 2 MMscf/d c la chn l phng n ti u pht trin m. Hnh
4.27 th hin s phn b ca 23 ging khoan khai thc c chn.

Hnh 4.27 Bn phn b ging khai thc trong trng hp c 23 ging khai thc
nh gi nh hng ca ch khai thc
Trong phn ny m hnh thy ng c thit lp theo ch khai thc tng giai
on: giai on u c 12 ging khai thc, 11 ging khai thc cn li c phn chia
a vo khai thc sao cho lu lng khai thc lun gi trong khong gi tr 140-150
triu b khi kh ngy m. Mc ch nhm xem xt s nh hng ca cc phng n
khai thc khc nhau v nh gi mc tng tc nh hng qua li gia cc ging
khai thc, nu c s nh hng gia cc ging th ch khai thc cng thi im s
km hn ch khai thc tng theo tng giai on (do p sut va suy gim nhanh hn,
lm condensat tch t ln cn ging khoan).
Kt qu c th hin trong (hnh 4.28) cho thy ch khai thc cng thi im
tt hn tng giai on, iu ny chng minh mc nh hng qua li gia cc ging
trong qu trnh khai thc l khng ng k.

105

Tuy nhin, trong thc t cn tn ti nhiu yu t khng chc chn do phng

n pht trin m theo tng giai on s mang li t ri ro hn so vi phng n khai
thc cng thi im. Phng n khai thc tng giai on s c s dng nh gi
mc nh hng ca cc thng s khng chc chn n cc phng n d bo khai
thc.

Lu lng khai thc

Trng hp

Tng
lng
kh thu hi (T
b khi kh)

Khc
bit
gia
hai
trng hp

H s
thu hiRF

Cng thi
im

771.1

38.8 %

Tng giai
on

750.6

-20.5

37.7 %

Hnh 4.28 kt qu so snh hai ch khai thc cng thi im v tng giai on
Phng n d bo khai thc theo cc thng s khng chc chn
Phng php d bo khai thc da trn kt qu d bo ca m hnh thy ng lc
c tnh du ci tin mi nht ph hp vi d liu th va, c tnh ti cc thng s
cha chc chn then cht lin quan n h s thu hi bao gm:
Phn b thm.
Tnh lin thng trong va v cc nh hng ca bin.
ng thi m trong giai on suy gim p sut.
nh hng ca hin tng tch pha lng ( thm pha ca kh v du).
Xy dng cc phng n khai thc theo s khng chc chn ca thm:
- Trng hp trung bnh-phng n c s: gi nguyn gi tr cc thng s

106

- Trng hp cao: thay i gi tr thm cao hn 100% thm trung bnh ca

phng n c s.
- Trng hp thp: thay i gi tr thm thp hn 50% thm trung bnh ca
phng n c s.
Kt qu ca c ba phng n c th hin trong (hnh 4.29), cho thy mc
nh hng ca thm n h s thu hi trong cc phng n khai thc.

Trng
hp

Tng lng kh
thu hi (T b
khi kh)

Khc
bit
vi trng
hp c s

H s
thu hiRF

Cao

864.3

+113.7

43.5 %

Trung bnh

750.6

37.8 %

Thp

568.5

-182.1

28.6 %

Hnh 4.29 Kt qu cc phng n khai thc c tnh ti yu t khng chc chn v

thm
Xy dng cc phng n khai thc theo s khng chc chn ca lin thng:
- Trng hp trung bnh-phng n c s: gi nguyn gi tr cc thng s
- Trng hp cao: thay i gi tr lin thng cao hn 25% gi tr trung bnh ca
phng n c s.
- Trng hp thp: thay i gi tr lin thng hn 25% gi tr trung bnh ca
phng n c s.
Kt qu ca c ba phng n c th hin trong (hnh 4.30), cho thy mc
nh hng ca lin thng n h s thu hi trong cc phng n khai thc.

107

Trng
hp

Tng lng kh
thu hi (T b
khi kh)

Khc
bit
vi trng
hp c s

H s
thu hiRF

Cao

830

+79.4

41.8 %

Trung bnh

750.6

37.8 %

Thp

594.2

-156.4

29.9 %

Hnh 4.30 Kt qu cc phng n khai thc c tnh ti yu t khng chc chn v

lin thng
Nh vy, nh hng ca cc thng s khng chc chn n h s thu hi trong
cc phng n cho thy mc ri ro trong d bo khai thc, c th lm gi tr h s
thu hi gim xung di 30%, so vi trng hp c s l 37%, nu cc h s ny
khng c lm r bng cc ch s khai thc thc t.
Sn lng khai thc d bo t m hnh thy ng lc c tnh du ci tin c tnh
ti s nh hng ca thm c tm tt trong bng 4.7 sau:
Bng 4.7 Sn lng khai thc kh v condensat trong cc phng n c tnh ti yu t
nh hng ca thm.

108

Phng n thp
S
lng
Nm
ging
khai
thc

Lu
Lu
lng
lng
kh TB Tng
(triu kh thu du TB
hi (t (thng/n
b
gy
khi/ng b khi)
m)
y m)

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028

120.13
118.27
109.83
98.16
102.93
105.74
105.98
115.05
113.71
99.82
91.39
84.51
79.02
74.44
70.53
67.14

12
14

16
18
20
23

43.85
87.02
127.10
162.93
200.50
239.10
277.78
319.77
361.28
397.71
431.07
461.92
490.76
517.94
543.68
568.19

16,088
16,379
15,438
13,765
14,185
14,367
14,109
14,970
14,639
12,583
11,216
10,042
9,074
8,261
7,568
6,971

Phng n trung bnh-c s

Tng
du thu
hi
(triu
thng)

5.87
11.85
17.49
22.51
27.69
32.93
38.08
43.54
48.89
53.48
57.57
61.24
64.55
67.57
70.33
72.87

S
CGR
lng
(thng
Nm
/ triu
ging
b
khai
khi)
thc
134
138
141
140
138
136
133
130
129
126
123
119
115
111
107
104

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028

12
14

16
18
20
23

Lu
Lu
lng
lng
kh TB Tng
(triu kh thu du TB
hi (t (thng/n
b
khi/ng b khi) gy
m)
y m)

148.73
147.94
150.00
145.97
149.20
148.21
146.08
147.95
147.51
133.06
121.50
111.28
103.37
96.72
83.58
74.20

54.29
108.28
163.03
216.31
270.77
324.87
378.18
432.19
486.03
534.59
578.94
619.56
657.29
692.59
723.10
750.18

20,551
21,043
20,913
20,190
20,563
19,687
18,506
18,043
17,040
14,174
12,078
10,446
9,207
8,212
6,843
5,861

Tng
du thu
hi
(triu
thng)

7.50
15.18
22.82
30.18
37.69
44.88
51.63
58.22
64.44
69.61
74.02
77.83
81.19
84.19
86.69
88.83

Phng n cao
S
CGR
lng
(thng
Nm
/ triu
ging
b
khai
khi)
thc
138
142
139
138
138
133
127
122
116
107
99
94
89
85
82
79

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028

12
14

16
18
20
23

Lu
Lu
lng
Tng
lng
kh TB Tng
du thu
(triu kh thu du TB
hi
hi (t (thng/n
b
(triu
gy
khi/ng b khi)
thng)
m)
y m)

149.59
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
116.85

54.60
109.35
164.10
218.85
273.60
328.35
383.10
437.85
492.60
547.35
602.10
656.85
711.60
766.35
821.10
863.75

21,491
7.84
21,554 15.71
21,485 23.55
21,371 31.35
21,448 39.18
21,293 46.95
21,005 54.62
20,661 62.16
19,755 69.37
18,303 76.05
16,747 82.17
15,226 87.72
13,710 92.73
12,269 97.21
10,628 101.09
7,234 103.73

CGR
(thng
/ triu
b
khi)

144
144
143
142
143
142
140
138
132
122
112
102
91
82
71
62

Sn lng khai thc d bo t m hnh thy ng lc c tnh du ci tin c tnh

ti s nh hng ca lin thng c tm tt trong bng 4.8 sau:
Bng 4.8 Sn lng khai thc kh v condensat trong cc phng n c tnh ti yu t
nh hng ca lin thng.
Phng n thp

Nm

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028

S
lng
ging
khai
thc
12
14

16
18
20
23

Lu
Lu
lng
lng
kh TB Tng
(triu kh thu du TB
hi (t (thng/n
b
gy
khi/ng b khi)
m)
y m)

127.37
127.10
119.88
110.13
117.37
121.94
123.23
126.68
115.97
94.10
86.51
80.52
75.51
70.97
67.40
62.32

46.49
92.88
136.64
176.83
219.68
264.18
309.16
355.40
397.73
432.08
463.65
493.04
520.60
546.51
571.11
593.85

17,025
17,463
16,691
15,252
15,857
16,058
15,632
15,620
13,936
10,956
9,665
8,657
7,835
7,110
6,542
5,807

Phng n trung bnh-c s

Tng
du thu
hi
(triu
thng)

6.21
12.59
18.68
24.25
30.03
35.90
41.60
47.30
52.39
56.39
59.92
63.08
65.94
68.53
70.92
73.04

S
CGR
lng
(thng
Nm
/ triu
ging
b
khai
khi)
thc
134
137
139
138
135
132
127
123
120
116
112
108
104
100
97
93

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028

12
14

16
18
20
23

Lu
Lu
lng
lng
kh TB Tng
(triu kh thu du TB
hi (t (thng/n
b
gy
khi/ng b khi)
m)
y m)

148.73
147.94
150.00
145.97
149.20
148.21
146.08
147.95
147.51
133.06
121.50
111.28
103.37
96.72
83.58
74.20

54.29
108.28
163.03
216.31
270.77
324.87
378.18
432.19
486.03
534.59
578.94
619.56
657.29
692.59
723.10
750.18

109

20,551
21,043
20,913
20,190
20,563
19,687
18,506
18,043
17,040
14,174
12,078
10,446
9,207
8,212
6,843
5,861

Tng
du thu
hi
(triu
thng)

7.50
15.18
22.82
30.18
37.69
44.88
51.63
58.22
64.44
69.61
74.02
77.83
81.19
84.19
86.69
88.83

Phng n cao
S
CGR
lng
(thng
Nm
/ triu
ging
b
khai
khi)
thc
138
142
139
138
138
133
127
122
116
107
99
94
89
85
82
79

2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028

12
14

16
18
20
23

Lu
Lu
lng
Tng
lng
kh TB Tng
du thu
(triu kh thu du TB
hi
hi (t (thng/n
b
(triu
gy
khi/ng b khi)
thng)
m)
y m)

149.59
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
150.00
127.36
105.15
90.34

54.60
109.35
164.10
218.85
273.60
328.35
383.10
437.85
492.60
547.35
602.10
656.85
711.60
758.09
796.47
829.44

21,401
21,578
21,450
21,294
21,263
21,079
20,723
20,239
19,139
17,567
16,055
14,514
12,925
9,395
7,028
5,629

7.81
15.69
23.52
31.29
39.05
46.74
54.31
61.69
68.68
75.09
80.95
86.25
90.97
94.40
96.96
99.02

CGR
(thng
/ triu
b
khi)

143
144
143
142
142
141
138
135
128
117
107
97
86
74
67
62

Kt lun kin ngh

Kt lun:
M hnh thy ng lc c tnh du ci tin sau khi hiu chnh vi s liu thc
nghim (s liu DST) cho kt qu m phng va t tin cy. Kt qu chy cc d
bo khai thc cho thy:
S lng ging khai thc ti u cho khu vc nghin cu l 23 ging, cc ging
trong qu trnh khai thc c chng minh c s nh hng ln nhau khng ln.
Ch khai thc cng mt thi im cho h s thu hi RF=38.8% tt hn
RF=37.7%, tuy nhin ch ny li cha ng nhiu ri ro do cc yu t khng chc
chn. Do , phng n khai thc tng giai on c s dng lm phng n pht
trin m.
Khu vc nghin cu cn tn ti nhiu yu t khng chc chn ( thm, lin
thng) c th nh hng n h s thu hi, c chng minh trong cc s liu th
va. M hnh thy ng lc c s dng nh gi mc nh hng cc yu s
thm v lin thng cho thy: cc yu t khng chc chn nh hng ln n cc
trng hp thp (gi tr h s thu hi gim t 37.7% xung di 30%). Trong gi tr
lin thng c trng cho cc h thng bin cha xc nh c nh hng ln hn gi
tr thm ( lin thng gim 25% cho kt qu d bo gn vi gim thm 50%).
Kin ngh:
Ch khai thc thch hp khi cha nh gi c y cc yu t ri ro l ch
khai thc tng giai on.
Trong qu trnh khai thc thc t s thu thp thm cc thng tin v va cha
cp nht m hnh thy ng lc t lm r hn cc yu t a cht cn cha chc
chn trong m hnh, gia tng mc tin cy cho m hnh.
im hn ch:
im hn ch ca lun vn l cha s dng yu t kinh t (nhu cu thc t v
lng kh trong tng giai on nht nh) nh mt thng s kim sot lu lng khai
thc theo ngy. Do bi ton d bo trong lun vn ch da vo yu t k thut l ch
yu.

110