HUNH ANH DNG

GHI CHP V CAMPUCHIA 1975-1991

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I.

Giai on 1975-1978: Ngun gc ca vn

1.1 T 1973 n 17/4/1975 1.2 Nm 1975 - 1976 1.3 Nm 1977: quan h Vit Nam -Campuchia, Vit Nam Trung Quc ngy cng xu i. 1.4 Nm 1978: nm bc ngot. II. Din bin cuc u tranh v Campuchia v mt s quan h i ngoi ca Vit Nam giai on 1979-1991.

2.1 Giai on 1979 - 1981 2.2 Giai on t 1982-1986 2.3 Giai on t 1986 n cui 1989 2.4 Giai on t u 1990 n cui 1991: Cc nc ln p t gii php v Campuchia v Vit Nam khng kim sot c vn Campuchia na.

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Giai on 1975-1991 l mt thi k lch s c bit v cng tc i ngoi ca Vit Nam (VN) m trong thi gian , v vn Campuchia (CPC) lin quan n quan n quan h Vit-Trung, nc VN mt ln na li b chy mu. V i ngoi, VN b c lp v chnh tr, b bao vy v kinh t trong khi chng ta phi i ph vi cuc khng hong kinh t-x hi rt trm trng trong nc. T 1978 n 1989, ln th ba, VN a qun vo CPC (cha k thi gian ngn qun ta li tr li t thng 10/1989 n u 1991), trong 3939 ngy c mt gip CPC, hn mi vn chin s VN ng xung v b thng (con s hy sinh c cng b l 60.000), 200.000 chin s qun tnh nguyn, 10.000 chuyn gia qun dn, chnh, ng, cc ngnh trong c 4 U vin B Chnh tr (BCT) v Ban B th (L c Th, L c Anh, on Khu, Trn Xun Bch), 9 U vin Trung ng ng [Cng sn Vit Nam] (Nguyn Cn, V Oanh, Bi San, Chnh, Trn Trng Tn, Phm Bi...), 2 Ph Th tng (Nguyn Cn, Phan Trng Tu), 30 Th trng, 54 Thng v Tnh u tng c mt v trc tip lm nhim v CPC. Vi vic ta a qun vo CPC, ta lt b l Pol Pot; gi yn b ci pha Tynam T quc; gip CPC xy dng ng, chnh quyn, qun i; xy dng c mt bc quan h hu ngh VN-CPC, nhng ci gi m VN phi tr l v cng to ln vi nhng hu qu lu di, cha lng ht c. Vn CPC cng i su vo gii php chnh tr, cng rt phc tp, nhiu lc lm cho ni b ta c kin rt khc nhau. Vi nhng hiu bit v t liu vn c ca mnh, ti c nh, ghi li v m t tht khch quan, trung thc nhng din bin trong giai on lch s c bit ny. Trong qu trnh vit, c nhng lc ti khng mun tip tc vit na v hn mi nm , v vn quan h vi Trung Quc (TQ) v vn CPC m trong ni b ng ta c s bt ha, iu ny cng d hiu v vn qu cc k phc tp, din bin v cng quanh co, li pht trin trong tnh hnh c s o ln cc k to ln Lin X v ng u sau gn na th k, cho nn vic nhn thc tnh hnh khng n gin, c nhng vn cn c thi gian mi c th nhn thc ng c. Chnh v vy, nhng trch dn ca ti trong ti liu ny l nhm phn nh tht khch quan nhng suy ngh ca lnh o ta lc , khng nhm ph phn c nhn bt c ng ch (/c) no. Ti c gng trnh by li tht trung thc s hiu bit ca mnh do iu kin cng tc m ti c bit khi c iu kin, ng ta nhn li, nh gi tht khch quan din bin ca hn mi nm v cng kh khn nhm rt ra nhng bi hc cho cng vic hin nay v sau ny nht l trong cng tc i ngoi. Ti liu lch s ny, ti c vit li trong thi im nay v rng s lu khng th nh li c na v t liu c th mt mt i. iu ti mong mun l nhng t liu lch s ny s c s dng ta nh gi ng din bin phc tp ca thi k lch s , khng v nhng t liu ny m li mt ln na, khi li hoc gy bt ha trong ni b ng ta. l iu tm huyt ca ti. ...

H Ni, ma h nm 1995

HUNH ANH DNG

I.

GIAI ON 1975-1978: NGUN GC CA VN

Trc khi i vo giai on 1975-1978, cn nhc li nhng din bin trong quan h VN-CPC giai on chng M 1970-1975. VN, CPC, Lo cng mt chin trng nh M nhng quan h VN-CPC, ngay t lc ny khi 2 nc cn da vo nhau chin u, bc l nhng mu thun. Sau o chnh ca Lon Nol1 18/3/1970, khi qun i ta vo CPC, bn Pol Pot2 tuyn truyn trong nhn dn CPC rng "VN l khch khng mi m n, khng cho ta ng qun trong lng... Ti nhng cuc hi m gia Pol Pot vi /c L Dun vo cui thng 3 u thng 4/1970 v vic ta gip CPC th ngay t lc ny khi Pol Pot cn yu, cn s gip ca ta, Pol Pot c mun hn ch s c mt ca ta CPC, hn ch lc lng v trang ta CPC, ngn cn ta trong vic t chc xy dng lc lng chnh tr, qun s cho CPC..., mun "VN ch gip vt cht, gip v kh thi", "Vit kiu ch gip vn chuyn v kh"; trong chin u "VN gip sng ci v c lc lng bao vy bn ngoi, h tr nhn dn v lc lng CPC bn trong ni dy, lm nh th mi bo m "sch s v chnh tr. Trn chin trng trong thng 3, 4/1970, do c s tho thun ca N uon 3 Chea v Suvanna (?), qun i ta CPC nh mnh thng nhanh, gii phng v t chc chnh quyn 4-5 tnh. Trc tnh hnh , ti Hi ngh Trung ng ng thng 9/1970, Pol Pot ra 4 bi hc "kinh nghim tht bi" ca cch mng CPC trong khng chin chng Php v "kinh nghim thnh cng" trong 16 nm ha bnh, trung lp hn ch ta. Bn bi hc l: "1) Phi t mnh quyt nh vn mnh mnh, quyt khng c cho sai lm lch s cho ngi khc gii quyt thay vn mnh mnh xy ra mt ln na. 2) Kin quyt khng c giao li thnh qu cch mng tt p ca mnh cho giai cp bc lt. Hin nay nhng cng quc ln v mt s nc khc cn c t tng c vn mun v ng c tm trm phng nghn k quyt nh vn mnh dn tc CPC thay cho ngi CPC. 3) Lc lng l yu t quyt nh quan trng nht trong u tranh cch mng.
1

Lon Nol (ln nl) , 191385, Cambodian general and political leader. He became defense minister and army chief of staff in 1955 in Norodom Sihanouk's government. He served as premier (196667) under Sihanouk. In 1970, he led the coup that deposed Sihanouk, and assumed control of the government. He attempted unsuccessfully to suppress the Communist Khmer Rouge guerrillas, and his efforts plunged the country into civil war. After temporarily relinquishing power, he seized control in 1972 and suspended the constitution. Due to his inept leadership and anti-Communist fervor, he was forced to leave the country in 1975, when the Khmer Rouge advanced on the capital city. He settled in Hawaii. 2 Saloth Sar (May 19, 1925April 16, 1998), better known as Pol Pot (short for Politique Potentielle, French for "potential politic"), was the ruler of the Khmer Rouge and the Prime Minister of Cambodia (officially Democratic Kampuchea during his rule) from 1976 to 1979, having been de facto leader since mid-191975. During his time in power Pol Pot instigated an aggressive policy of relocating people to the countryside in an attempt to purify the Cambodian people as a step toward a communist future. The means to this end included the extermination of intellectuals and other "bourgeois enemies". Today the policies of his government are widely blamed for causing the deaths of perhaps 1.5 million Cambodians. In 1979, he led Cambodia into a disastrous war with Vietnam which led to the collapse of the Khmer Rouge government. 3 Nuon Chea, real name Long Bunruot, also known as "Brother Number Two" in the government of Democratic Kampuchea, was Deputy General Secretary of the Communist Party and chief lieutenant to Pol Pot during the Khmer Rouge era.

4) Phi nu cao lp trng c lp t ch, t lc cnh sinh". "V khng c 4 kinh nghim nn kt qu khng chin chng Php bng khng. Trong u tranh v c lp, ha bnh, trung lp, tuy CPC lm n c m vn thng, nh: "nm vng lp trng c lp dn ch, t lc cnh sinh v chu ng gian kh; t xy dng c lc lng cch mng ca mnh v mi mt v gi vng lp trng t mnh nh ot vn mnh ca mnh". Bi hc lc lng l quyt nh, khng thng lng, khng khoan nhng ny chi phi rt su sc ng li ca Khmer . Thng li chng M ch bng u tranh v trang khng u tranh chnh tr, khng u tranh ngoi giao cng c thm tim thc ca Khmer v vn ny. iu ny mi l gii c ti sao sau ny Pol Pot kin quyt t chi khng thng lng vi VN v v sao mc d k Hip nh Paris v Campuchia nm 1991 nhng Khmer li khng thi hnh. T sau Hi ngh thng 9/1970, trong thc t, nhm Pol Pot tng bc hn ch hot ng ca lc lng VN trn t CPC nh: gy kh khn v hn ch hnh lang tip t ca ta trn t CPC, hn ch nhn dn bn la go cho ta, hn ch b i ta hp tc nh Chenla I nm 1971 phi hp chin dch ng 9 Nam Lo, c ni git lin lc, git cn b VN i l v t chc cp kho tng ta CPC nht l khu Ty-nam CPC do Ta Mok4 ng u, c lc lc lng hai bn bn nhau nh [cc tnh] Tako, Kandal... H gii tn lc lng v trang ca Vit kiu, hn ch Vit kiu hot ng cch mng, c ni gy kh khn v ui Vit kiu v nc, git hi v cp ti sn Vit kiu, Lon Noi "cp Dun" 5 nhng Khmer cng kch ng hn th dn tc v cng ch trng "cp Dun". H hn ch hot ng ca s cn b CPC tp kt VN v, tp trung li v dit dn. H b chnh sch i vi v con cn b CPC ang min bc VN. Mt s cn b CPC c quan im khc, c thi chng li th b trn p, buc phi ly khai t chc. 1.1 T 1973 n 17/4/1975 Trong khi cuc khng chin VN, Lo i vo giai on kt thc th CPC quyt nh n cng; nh ni bt vai tr cuc khng chin CPC tht s l Khmer ch khng phi l thuc VN. H ch trng khng m phn, cho rng khng mun "lm ci ui VN" v ngi "kiu Gienve 1954 ti din". Sau khi M n phng ngng nm bom [bng] B-52 (8/1973), cuc chin u chc chn, nhm Pol Pot ch tm hn ch nh hng v hot ng ca Sihanouk6;
4

Ta Mok, which means "Grandfather Mok" in Khmer, was the nom de guerre of Chhit Choeun (c. 1926 21 July 2006), a senior figure in the leadership of the Khmer Rouge. His name has also been reported as Ek Choeun, Oeung Choeun and Ung Choeun, and he was also known as "Brother Number Five". 5 Cp dun. Khm: cp dun = cht ngi Vit. Ngy xa khi Kampuchia nh nhau vi VN, lc xng trn h la cp dun tc l chm hay cht ngi VN (cho cht). Mi khi c cuc ni lon ca mt sc (xm lng) ngi Khmer chng li dn Vit, ngi Vit thng thng bo nhau l coi chng b h cp dun. 6 King-Father Norodom Sihanouk (born October 31, 1922), King of Cambodia until his abdication on October 7, 2004, is now "King-Father (Khmer: Preahmhaviraksat, see Names and titles section below) of Cambodia," a position in which he retains many of his former prerogatives as constitutional king.

kin quyt y lc lng VN ra khi t CPC, ph hnh lang tip t, hn ch bn lng thc cho ta, t chc qun chng lm mt tinh chng VN, i lc lng VN rt v, nh cp cc kho tng v cc n v b i ta CPC, thm ch nh vo tri thng binh ca ta... gy kh khn cho ta trong vic di chuyn qun trong chin dch H Ch Minh nm 1975. Tnh t 1970 n 4/1975, bn Pol Pot gy ra 174 v lm ta cht 301 ngi, 233 b thng, 38 mt tch. Ni no khng chp hnh vic chng VN th h tn st khng b d man, nh cui 1973 git cht 1 U vin Trung ng, 11 tnh u vin, rt nhiu cn b v nhn dn tnh Koh Kong. V mt i ngoi, h da vo TQ l chnh, ph phn VN xt li, na vi v c a ra thc hin nhng ch trng hon ton khc VN; h ph phn phng chm u tranh ca VN kt hp v trang vi u tranh chnh tr, binh vn trong khi h nh n u th di dn n y, git ht t binh, thc hin cng x v khng dng tin ngay t nm 1974; h khng quan h vi Lin X v cc nc XHCN ng u (tr Anbani v Rumani); trong khi 3 nc ng Dng c Hi ngh cp cao 3 nc, 4 bn (thm Chnh ph Cch mng lm thi min Nam) th h mun hp Hi ngh 5 nc, 6 bn (thm TQ v Bc Triu Tin) vi TQ nm ngn c. 1.2 Nm 1975 - 1976 Sau chin thng 17/4/1975, bn Pol Pot nu 8 yu t thng li l: c ng li chung, c nhn dn, c lc lng v trang, c kinh t c lp, t ch, c c s cch mng rng khp, c ng li c lp t ch, khng lin kt, ni b on kt nht tr v c quc t gip . H c tnh ph nhn cc yu t khch quan v bi cnh lch s quc t i vi chin thng ca CPC; c bit l khng m xa n s gip v mi mt ca ta, k c s hy sinh ca hng vn cn b, chin s, ng bo ta trn t CPC. Trong bi cnh nh vy, ngay sau khi ta va gii phng min Nam 30/4/1975, h tin hnh nhng hnh ng xm ln bin gii v khng ngng lm xu i quan h 2 nc. Ngy 4/5/1975, mt tiu on CPC b ln o Ph Quc. Ngy 8/5/1975, lc lng Pol Pot tin cng nhiu a phng thuc tnh H Tin v Ty Ninh. Ngy 10/5/1975, lc lng Pol Pot tin cng o Th Chu ca VN v bt i 515 dn trn o. Thc hin quyn t v ca mnh, qun i ta nh tr v truy kch chng n tn ni xut pht l o Wai7, bt gi mt s t binh. Ngy 2/6/1975, /c Mi Cc (Nguyn Vn Linh) i Phnom Penh gp Pol Pot, Nuon Chea v Ieng Sary8. Ngy 12/6/1975, Pol Pot thm b mt H Ni,
7

Poulo Wai (o Trc) v Koh Tang, nguyn l lnh th VN, nm trong vnh Ph Quc, b Khmer chim sau thng 4-1975. 8 Ieng Sary [the initial letter of the first name is "I" as in "income"] (born 1922 or 1925), a powerful figure in the Khmer Rouge was the deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Democratic Kampuchea from 1975 to 1979. He was born in South Western Vietnam bordering Cambodia and changed his name from the Vietnamese Kim Trang when he joined the Khmer Rouge. He was the brother-in-law of the Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot. Ieng

cho vic h tn cng o Th Chu l do "khng rnh a l", ngh k Hip c ha bnh hu ngh nhng l i ngh ca ta v m phn k Hip c bin gii. Ngy 3/7/1975, /c Nguyn Vn Linh gp li Nuon Chea Phnom Penh v ngy 10/8/1975, /c Nguyn Vn Linh mt ln na i Svay Rieng gp Nuon Chea x l v o Wai v v quan h 2 nc, ta ng trao tr s t binh CPC (800 lnh) b ta bt o Wai nhng pha h vn khng trao tr cho ta 515 dn b bt Th Chu. Trong bi cnh , ngy 26/5/1975, Pol Pot i thm b mt TQ (mi n thng 9/1977, h mi cng khai chuyn i ny). Ngy 12/8/1975, TQ n tip trng th Khieu Samphan9 thm chnh thc TQ. Dp ny, Mao v ng tip Khieu; trong din vn chiu i Khieu, ng m ch Lin X bnh trng v tm s c mt ng-nam . Trong lc , khi tip /c Ph Th tng L Thanh Ngh (14/8/1975), Ph Th tng L Tin Nim ni nhiu n kh khn ca TQ, khng p ng yu cu vin tr mi, cha tr li v hp tc kinh t 1976 1980 v ni l VN thu c 5 t la chin li phm. Ngy 24/9/ 1975, trong hi m vi on ng v Chnh ph ta thm TQ, ng Tiu Bnh ni "...V nhn nh tnh hnh quc t, hai bn c khong cch kh xa; v ng li chin lc quc t hoc v nhng vn c th, hai bn c s khc nhau rt ln"; v TQ bt u cng khai ng h nhm Pol Pot, ngy 7/10/1975, L Tin Nim ni vi i s V Ngc H ([chnh ph Cch mng Lm thi] min Nam VN) ca ngi ng CPC v ni ng CPC c uy tn cao trong nhn dn, c nn th h khng chu u, mt dn tc gic ng, bt c nc ln no xm lc th h chng li v trong tay h c chn l. T thng 12/1975, tnh hnh bin gii VN-CPC li cng ln Gia Rai, Kon Tum v k Lk nht l khu vc Bu Prang [nay thuc tnh k Nng]. Bn Pol Pot tin hnh tn cng vo n s 6 cng an bin phng k Lk, git hi mt s /c ca ta. Ngy 5/1/1976: Pol Pot cng b Hin php mi ca CPC Dn ch. Cng ngy 5/1/76, /c Phm Vn X (Hai X) Trung ng Cc (TWC) sang Phnom Penh thm b mt. Ngy 17-18/1/1976, /c By Cng (Phm Hng) sang thm b mt CPC c Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary n tip rt trng th. Cn phi ni rng cng ging nh TQ, bn Pol Pot tm cch chia r ni b ta, rt tranh th cc ng ch min Nam (TWC) v ph phn cc /c min Bc. Mt khc, trong ni b ta, TWC min Nam v Trung ng [ng] H Ni cng c cch nh gi khc nhau v tp on Pol Pot, v tnh cht cuc chin tranh bin gii Ty-nam. V cuc chi n tranh bin gii Ty-nam, TWC nng cho rng nguyn nhn l do a phng ta xm phm bin gii CPC, do bun lu ch khng phi do Pol Pot khiu khch. Cng chnh v vy m trong Nam
Sary and Pol Pot studied together in Paris. Whilst there, Sary rented an apartment in the Latin Quarter, a hotbed of student radicalism. He and Pol Pot met with French communist intellectuals, and formed their own cell of Cambodian communists. This nucleus was the foundation of the Khmer Rouge leadership that would take control of the country in 1975. 9 Khieu Samphan (born July 27, 1931) was the president of the state presidium of Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) from 1976 until 1979. As such, he served as the country's head of state and was one of the most powerful officials in the Khmer Rouge movement, though Pol Pot was the group's true political leader and held the most extensive power.

thiu cnh gic, b thit hi nng khi Pol Pot tn cng, v d ngy 30/9/1977, Pol Pot tin cng ton tuyn bin gii tnh Ty Ninh, nh vo khu vc TWC c (x Tn Lp, huyn Tn Bin, Ty Ninh) git hi 1.000 ng b o ta; mc d tin ny c d bo trc nhng Qun khu 7 khng tin, ni l ch chuyn vt bin gii, T lnh Qun khu 7, Tng Trn Vn Tr vn bnh thn thnh ph H Ch Minh, khi b tn cng mi b ng i ph 10. Nhn y cng ni th m rng khi thnh lp v t chc b my gip CPC nm 1978, /c L c Th khng s dng cc cn b TWC c vn quen thuc v gip ng CPC t nhiu nm m tuyt i a s cc /c ph trch chuyn gia, du l cc /c mi, min Bc vo. Tr li vn bin gii VN -CPC, tip theo nhng s kin xung t k Lk, thng 3/1976, Nuon Chea, Ph B th ng CPC gi th cho /c Phm Hng ngh c cuc gp cp cao 2 ng v vn bin gii v ngh c cuc gp tr b chun b cho gp cp cao. Ngy 6/4/76, Trung ng ng ta in cho Trung ng ng CPC tn thnh ngh v tho thun cuc gp s tin hnh vo thng 6/76. T 4 n 18/5/1976, /c Phan Hin, Th trng B Ngoi giao dn u on tr b VN thm CPC; ti cuc hp tr b ny, pha Pol Pot i ly ng bin gii trn t lin theo bn Php t l 1/100.000 thng dng trc nm 1954 nhng i ta chp nhn bn bn b co sa 9 ch11 v i ly ng Brvi12 lm ng bin gii bin nn cuc m phn tht bi v khng tin hnh c gp g cp cao 2 ng. Hai bn ch tho thun c 3 bin php: tng cng gio dc cn b, chin s v nhn dn; mi va chm phi gii quyt trn tinh thn hu ngh, on kt, tn trng ln nhau; Ban lin lc 2 bn tin hnh iu tra cc v va chm v gp nhau gii quyt. Cng nm 1976, c my s kin na ng ch : - Trong ni b CPC : thng 1/1976, Pol Pot tin hnh i hi IV ca ng; t chc tng tuyn c (20/3/1976); p Sihanouk v Pen Nt t chc Quc trng v Th tng, lp Chnh ph mi. Ngy 27/9/ 1976, Pol Pot tm ngh v "l do sc kho" thi gi chc Th tng v Nuon Chea lm Quyn Th tng v Quyn Tng b th.
10 11

theo li i t Nguyn Vn Hiu, Cc ph Cc tc chin B Quc phng lc by gi. TG C l y l ngh c ca Sihanouk. T nm 1964 - 1967, Chnh ph Vng quc Campuchia do Quc trng Norodom Sihanouk ng u chnh thc ngh VN cng nhn Campuchia trong ng bin gii hn ti, c th l ng bin gii trn bn t l 1/100.000 ca S a d ng Dng thng dng trc nm 1954 vi 9 im sa i, tng din tch khong 100 km2. Trn bin, pha Campuchia ngh cc o pha Bc ng do Ton quyn Brvi vch nm 1939 l thuc Campuchia, cng thm qun o Th Chu v nhm pha Nam qun o Hi Tc. 12 ngy 31 thng 1 nm 1939, Ton-Quyn Brvi xc-nh ng phn-nh chia khu-vc bin gia hai x boh Cambodge v thuc-a Nam-K nh sau: mt ng thng gc vi ng b bin to thnh mt gc 140 Grade vi ng v-tuyn Bc... ng phn-dnh c xc-nh nh trn i vng qua pha Bc o Ph-Quc, cch nhng im cc Bc ca o ny 3 Km. Nhng qua thng-tri ny ng Brvi cng thn -trng chnhthc ghi thm rng ng ny ch s-dng cho hnh-chnh v cnh-st v n khng dng phn -nh gia x thuc-a Nam-K v x bo-h Cambodge. Hin nay t nht lu hnh 4 cch th hin ng Brvi khc nhau: ng ca Pn Pt; ng ca VN Cng ha; ng ca ng Sarin Chhak trong lun n tin s cng php quc t v "Nhng vng Bin gii ca Cambodge" bo v Paris nm 1965 sau c xut bn vi li ta ca Quc trng Norodom Sihanouk; ng ca cc hc gi Hoa K.

Phi chng c u tranh ni b CPC? iu ny gy nhiu tranh lun trong cc c quan Trung ng ca ta theo di vn CPC, c kin cho rng c u tranh gia mt bn l Pol Pot, Ieng Sary cn bn kia l Nuon Chea, Suvanna vn c quan h tt vi VN. iu trng hp na l s kin ny din ra khi Mao Trch ng cht (9/9/1976) v s kin "b l 4 tn" TQ, pha CPC t chc 7 ngy quc tang, Pol Pot c din vn coi t tng Mao Trch ng l ch ngha Marx-Lenin ngy nay, cao thuyt 3 th gii v cao cng lao Mao Trch ng ng thi ph phn Lm, Lu, ng. Mt ngun tin khc ni s tht vic Pol Pot "ngh m" ch v Kompong Thom trn p lc lng chng i v cng c cn c chng y (Kompong Thom cng l qu Pol Pot) - Quan h CPC-TQ vn cht ch trong nhng nm 1970-1975 tip tc c y mnh vi vic Tng tham mu ph TQ Vng Thng Vinh thm CPC (2/1976), k Hip nh TQ vin tr qun s cho CPC v thng 3/1976 k Hip nh Chnh ph TQ vin tr khng hon li cho CPC tr gi 140 triu Nhn dn t v 20 triu USD. Trong khi , quan h Vit -Trung lnh nht dn, TQ khng thc hin cc cng trnh k kt, tr hon vic ta s dng tin vay ca TQ ng thi trong nm 1975, li gy ra vi phm 814 v 102 im trn bin gii 2 nc. Dp i hi IV ng ta (12/1976), TQ t chi c on sang d, a tin s si, in mng khng ca ngi ng ta. Quan h Vit-M c im ng ch l 10/01/1976, Lin X chuyn cho ta kin ca Kissinger v bnh thng ha quan h v ngy 26/3/1976, Kissinger gi cng hm cho VN by t M sn sng tho lun pht trin quan h vi VN v 15/11/1976, M ph quyt VN gia nhp LHQ. ng-nam , cc nc ASEAN hp Hi ngh cp cao ln th nht Bali v k Hip c Bali (23/01/1976). Hi ngh Ngoi trng ASEAN (24/6/1976) hoan ngnh VN thng nht v hy vng pht trin quan h tay i vi VN. V phn VN, ngy 5/7/1976, ta tuyn b chnh sch 4 im vi cc nc ng-nam , ni dung nh sau: 1) Tn trng c lp, ch quyn, ton vn lnh th ca nhau, khng xm lc, khng can thip vo cng vic ni b ca nhau, bnh ng cng c li, cng tn ti ha bnh. 2) Khng lnh th nc mnh cho bt c nc ngoi no s dng lm cn c xm lc v can thip vo nc kia v cc nc khc trong khu vc. 3) Thit lp quan h hu ngh lng ging tt, hp tc KHKT v trao i vn ho trn c s bnh ng, cng c li. Gii quyt cc vn tranh chp gia cc nc trong khu vc thng qua thng lng trn tinh thn bnh ng, hiu bit v tn trng ln nhau. 4) Pht trin s hp tc gia cc nc trong khu vc v s xy dng t nc phn vinh theo iu kin ring ca mi nc v li ch c lp dn tc, ha bnh, trung lp tht s ng-nam , gp phn vo ha bnh th gii.

Bn im bao hm ca ta khng chp nhn khi nim ZOPFAN v ta (cng nh Lin X) vn cho ASEAN l t chc qun s, tay sai M trong khi TQ ra sc tranh th ASEAN, cng khai tuyn b "ASEAN khng phi l mt lin minh qun s". Tnh hnh ny din ra khi TQ bt u cng khai coi "ch ngha b quyn Lin X l ngun gc chnh ca s e da i vi ng-nam " v ph phn lun im an ninh tp th chu ca Bo co chnh tr ti i hi 25 ca ng Cng sn Lin X thng 3/1976). 1.3 Nm 1977: quan h VN-Campuchia, VN-TQ ngy cng xu i. Bc sang nm 1977, tnh hnh bin gii Vit Nam-CPC tip tc ngy cng xu hn do nhng hnh ng khiu khch, x m ln ca bn Pol Pot. T gia thng 1/1977 n gia 3/1977, cc tnh ng-bc CPC chm dt tip xc vi cc Ban lin lc ca cc tnh Khu 5 v t cui thng 3/1977 n gia 5/1977 chm dt lin lc vi Ban lin lc cc tnh Nam b (c ch lin lc tip xc ny c t 1975 v c cng c sau chuyn i CPC ca Th trng Phan Hin thng 5/1976). Ngy 30/4/1977, bn Pol Pot ng lot tin cng 14 x trn ton tuyn bin gii tnh An Giang m u cuc chin tranh qui m ln bin gii Ty-nam nc ta. Trc tnh hnh nghim trng ngy 7/6/1977 Trung ng ng v Chnh ph VN gi th cho Trung ng ng v Chnh ph CPC ngh c cuc gp cp cao ng v Chnh ph 2 nc gii quyt vn bin gii. Ngy 18/6/1977, pha CPC gi th tr li Trung ng ng v Chnh ph ta: "...ch mt thi gian cho tnh hnh bnh thng tr li v nhng xung t bin gii c chm dt... s gp g cp cao". Mt mt t chi thng lng, mt khc bn Pol Pot in cung tn cng bin gii ta. Ngy 18/7/1977, chng ng lot tn cng trn chiu di 40 Km vo tnh Kin Giang, pho kch nhiu ln vo th x Chu c. Trn trng quc t, h ra sc vu co VN; pht biu H/LHQ, Ieng Sary m ch VN xm lc CPC. Ngy 26/9/1977, sau mt thi gian "ngh m Pol Pot xut hin tr li tuyn b ng ra cng khai v i thm hu ngh chnh thc TQ ngay v c n tip rt linh nh. Cng lc ny, bn Pol Pot cho mt lc lng ln tin nh ton b tuyn bin gii tnh Ty Ninh, st hi rt d man ng bo ta bin gii. Cng lc ny, quan h Vit-Trung ngy cng xu i. Ngy 2 -20/6/1977, on qun s ta do /c V Nguyn Gip dn u thm TQ, TQ ni gay gt l ta lm tn thng quan h 2 nc. Ngy 7- 10/6/1977, Th tng Phm Vn ng thm cc nc Bc u v qua Bc Kinh, TQ trao b vong lc 7 im: VN cng khai ni xu TQ; vn bin gii trn b; im ni ray ng st VN-TQ; 2 qun o; vnh Bc b; Hoa kiu VN; VN dng vn lch s chng TQ. Ngy 20/11/1977, on ng v Chnh ph ta do /c L Dun dn u thm TQ. TQ n tip v hi m lnh nht. TQ nhc li thuyt "3 th gii", t chi vic
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ta yu cu vin tr 50 vn tn thp. Trong khi , quan h CPC-TQ tip tc c tng cng, thng 12/1977, Ph Th tng TQ Trn Vnh Qu thm CPC, i th st tt c cc qun khu gip bin gii vi VN. Lc ny chng ta nhn nh TQ va tranh th, va kim ch ta mc d mt kim ch ni ln nhng TQ khng th y VN i hn vi Lin X, bt li cho TQ. Trong khi quan h vi CPC xu i, ta ch trng tng cng quan h vi Lo, k Hip c ha bnh, hu ngh, hp tc vi Lo 18/7/1977 v a qun tr li Lo. Cn nh li rng ngy 5/2/1976, on ng v Chnh ph Lo thm VN, khi hi m 2 BCT, pha Lo nu vn bin gii ni phn nh nhiu ni cha r v yu cu VN rt qun tnh nguyn khi Lo. Ta p ng v hon thnh vic rt qun vo thng 4/ 1976. Thng 12/1976, hi m 2 BCT Sn, lc ny bn ph Lo tng cng hot ng uy hip mnh cc /c Lo nn mt ln na Lo li yu cu VN a qun tr li. Trong quan h vi M, thng 1/1977, Carter nhm chc Tng thng; i s M LHQ A. Young ni: Ti coi VN nh Nam T chu , khng phi l mt b phn ca TQ hay Lin X, l mt nc c lp. Mt nc VN mnh v c lp l ph hp vi li ch quc gia ca M. Ngy 16/3/ 1977, L. Woodcock, c phi vin ca Tng thng M thm VN. Pha M nu vn MIA, pha VN nu vn thc hin iu 21 Hip nh Paris. Ta v M cng tin hnh 3 vng hi m v bnh thng ha quan h 2 nc (3/5/1977, 1/6/1977, 19/12/1977) nhng khng kt qu; tuy nhin, M thi khng ph quyt vic VN gia nhp LHQ. Trong tnh hnh qu phc tp nh vy CPC, Ban B th [TW CS VN] quyt nh lp "Tiu ban lm thi nghin cu vn CPC" gi tt l "Nhm 77" do /c Trn Xun Bch, Chnh Vn phng Trung ng ph trch; tham gia c cc /c [Trung tng] Trn Vn Quang (B Quc phng), Phan nh Vinh (Ban i ngoi ng), Nguyn Xun (B Ngoi giao). Sau mt thi gian nghin cu, Tiu ban ny kt lun v kin ngh nh sau: "I. ...C th nhn nh: ng CPC hin nay vi tn gi chnh thc l ng Cng sn CPC, v thc cht, khng phi l mt ng cch mng ca giai cp cng nhn theo ch ngha Marx-Lenin, m c tnh cht mt ng dn tc ch ngha tiu t sn nng dn. ng li chnh tr m nhm Pol Pot - Ieng Sary ng thc hin hon ton khng phi l ng li c lp, t ch, m l ng li theo ui nc ln, l sn phm v s bin dng ca t tng Mao Trch ng. "Ch ngha x hi" hin nay CPC khng c nhng yu t c bn ca thi k qu tin ln CHXN, khng phi l chuyn chnh v sn, khng c chnh quyn nhn dn m l mt th ch bt buc lao ng theo kiu n l, bt buc cng hu ha theo li qun s cng bc, va d man, v nhn o, va c tnh cht thc dng tiu t sn (cng bc di tn, xa sch bo m an ninh v d "ci to"). Trc mt, trong ng li chnh tr v t chc ca ng CPC, nhng nhn t tch cc (chng quc, on kt ng Dng, hu ngh vi VN, on
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kt ni b xy dng x hi tin b CPC...) ng mt i, nhng nhn t tiu cc, phn ng ng pht trin v chim u th, tc ng v s chi phi ca cc th lc quc v bnh trng t ngoi vo CPC ng tng ln. II. t nc CPC ng trong cn khng hong nghim trng, nhn dn CPC ng b sng trong mt tri tp trung khng l; hnh nh ng Cng sn v CNXH ng b bi nh, b nhn dn khip s, thnh qu cch mng CPC c nguy c tn tht ln. Tm trng ca s ng qun chng CPC hin nay l lo s, chn ngn, hoc chu ng sng yn, hoc c c hi th chy sang nc bn mong c ni nng ta. Mt b phn nh c hi bm vo chnh quyn hin nay c quyn li v bo m cho sinh mnh ca gia nh. Gn y nhiu nhm ly khai, chng i ng pht trin trong nc hoc lu vong. Trong s nhng ngi chy sang ta, thy c nhng tp th nh, l t hoc tp th ln qun chng hoc binh lnh CPC, trong c mt s cn b, ng vin CPC c nguyn vng c t chc li, c gip cu vn cch mng CPC. Xen ln vo nhng ngi ny cng c nhng tn tr hng, nhng k c hi, nhng phn t mt v, gin ip. Trc tnh hnh y, ng ta, mt ng lun lun ng vng trn lp trng quc t v sn nht nh phi c thi v ch trng, hnh ng thch hp vi trch nhim quc t v iu kin c th ca mnh. Ta coi tn tht hoc thnh cng ca cch mng CPC, ca nhn dn CPC cng nh ca bn thn cch mng ta, nhn dn ta. Hn na, mt nc CPC tch ra khi khi on kt ng Dng, tr thnh lc lng xung kch ca mt chin lc phn ng ng Nam , i lp, gy chin vi ta, thc s l mi dao nhn thc vo sn ta v uy hip nc Lo. Vn mnh ca nhn dn 3 nc ng Dng, s nghip c lp dn tc v CNXH ca nhn dn 3 nc gn b vi nhau. on kt, gip nhau, cng nhau xy dng t nc, xy dng hnh phc ca nhn dn mnh theo ng li ca mi ng, cng nhau tip tc chng ch ngha quc, l yu cu sng cn v qui lut pht trin khch quan ca cch mng 3 nc trn bn o ng Dng. Lp trng ca ng ta i vi vn Campuchia l: Kin quyt nh tr quyt lit bng nhng n tiu dit i vi nhng lc lng CPC khiu khch v trang, gy ri, xm ln bin gii ta, tn st nhn dn ta. Phi hp u tranh qun s, chnh tr, ngoi giao thng ch; hn ch v y li mi m mu bn ngoi; kin tr bo v tnh on kt hu ngh gia nhn dn VN v nhn dn CPC. Tch cc ng h, gip v bo v nhng lc lng CPC yu nc v cch mng chn chnh xy dng thc lc v pht trin cuc u tranh chnh ngha chng li nhm cm u theo ch ngha dn tc cc oan tiu t sn trong ban lnh o CPC, nhm cu vn cch mng CPC, khi phc mi quan h c bit gia CPC v VN. Cnh gic ngn nga v ph mi mu m v hnh ng nguy him, cu kt vi nhau gia quc, th lc bnh trng v nhm cm u cc oan trong ban lnh o CPC ng khot su hn th dn tc, chia r nhn dn 3
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nc, c lp VN, duy tr v m rng chin tranh bin gii, ph hoi an ninh v s nghip xy dng kinh t ca VN v ca Lo. Mi hot ng ca ta phi nhm bn yu cu chnh tr: 1) Bo v bng c nhn dn ta; 2) nh mnh trng pht bn ln chim v git hi dn ta; 3) Ly li t b ln chim, bo v ton vn lnh th; 4) Ph m mu chia r nhn dn hai nc, c lp bn phn ng. Cn trin khai nhanh v ng thi bn mt cng tc chnh: 1. Phng th tht vng, phn cng v tin cng tht mnh v qun s trn ton tuyn bin gii, cng c tht chc an ninh ni a, tng bc lm nht, tin ti p tan ch xm ln bin gii ca nhm lnh o CPC. Trn thc a ton tuyn bin gii v nhng tnh, huyn c bin gii, cn xy dng h thng p, x chin u, cn p dng nhng chnh sch v t chc thch hp vi tnh th c chin tranh bin gii. Phi xy dng khn trng sc mnh ti ch, sn sng chin u v cnh gic thng xuyn, t chc mng li phong gian nhn dn, qun bo nhn dn, mng li dn vn v ch vn. Kin quyt khng lt mt tn gin ip, mt tn qun xm ln CPC, ng thi khng lm hai tnh mnh v ti sn ca mt ngi dn CPC. 2. Trin khai cng tc ngoi giao trn th tin cng. Ta nm chnh ngha, ta thy chung on kt hu ngh, ta khng gy ra xung t bin gii, ta c quyn trng pht bn ln chim, bn git ngi. Ta th mnh v ngoi giao v ta ng v nhn o. Phng hng tin cng ngoi gian l: ni r s tht, chnh sch ng n ca ta trong quan h vi CPC v trong vic gii quyt vn bin gii, tr anh th d lun ng tnh ng h ta, y i phng vo th b, c lp i phng trc th gii, ch ng ngn chn nhng mu bn ngoi git dy i phng hoc can thip vo ni b CPC. 3. Gip lc lng cch mng chn chnh CPC chng li chnh sch i ni, i ngoi phn ng hin nay ca nhm cm quyn CPC. Coi trng gip v cc mt: tp hp lc lng thnh sc mnh c t chc, c ng li ng, phng hng hnh ng r; o to, xy dng i ng cn b lnh o chn chnh; gip i sng v iu kin sn xut cho nhn dn CPC chy sang ta; xy dng lc lng v trang, o to cn b vn ng qun chng, cn b binh vn... Thc cht l gip xy dng li ng cch mng ca giai cp cng nhn CPC; khi phc v t nn mng vng chc lu di cho tnh on kt hu ngh VN- CPC.

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4. ngh B Chnh tr lp mt ban chuyn lo v vn CPC vi nhim v: phi hp v thng nht thng tin v CPC, nghin cu ngh vi BCT nhng nhn nh v ch trng c tnh cht tng hp v c bn; phi hp v hng dn nhng ngnh cng tc c trch nhim lin quan n vn CPC. Ban ny do mt /c trong BCT hoc BBT ph trch, ly cc ngnh qun s, ni v, i ngoi, ngoi giao lm ch da, c mt t chuyn vin trc thuc /c ph trch lm u mi tng hp, thng tin v lin h vi cc c quan c lin quan. Ban ph trch v CPC phi d kin nhng tnh hung t bin v ngh vi BCT ch trng i ph thch hp vi tng tnh hung. Thng 1 nm 1978". Trc nhng c gng thng lng ca ta vi Pol Pot khng thnh cng, cui thng 12/1977, ta dng qun i ln c xe tng h tr phn kch bn Pol Pot su vo ni a CPC vng M Vt dc theo ng quc l 1 tin n th trn [khum] Prasaut, gn th x Svay Rieng (cch bin gii khong 50 km). Ngy 31/12/1977, bn Pol Pot ra tuyn b chnh ph ln n VN xm lc CPC v tuyn b ct quan h ngoi giao vi VN. TQ ng h Pol Pot v ph phn VN. Ngy 31/12/1977, Th trng B Ngoi giao Hong Vn Tin gp i s TQ Trn Ch Phng v tnh hnh bin gii VN-CPC. Trn Ch Phng ni VN xm lc CPC, y l s kin nghim trng nht ca nm 1977; VN phi nhanh chng rt qun. Ti 3/1/1978, /c Nguyn C Thch thng bo cho mt s anh em B Ngoi giao: BCT ta hp nhn nh ta c th thng v qun s nhng ta cha c ngn c chnh tr ca ngi CPC nn quyt nh rt qun. Ngy 6/1/1978 ta hon thnh vic rt lui an ton, bn Pol Pot ly ngy 6/1/1978 n mng "chin thng" chng VN. 1.4 Nm 1978: nm bc ngot. Bc vo nm 1978, quan h VN vi CPC v TQ ngy cng cng thng Nm 1977, TQ gy ra 873 v va chm bin gii v dng ngi Hoa ph chnh sch kinh t v ci to XHCN min Nam, ph chnh sch ngha v qun s. Tip theo Tuyn b ca Chnh ph ta ngy 31/12/1977 v vn bin gii VN-CPC ngy 4/1/78, Th tng Phm Vn ng tr li TTXVN ln u tin ni chnh sch nguy him ca nh cm quyn CPC "c bn quc v phn ng th gii c tham vng ng-nam hoan nghnh v khuyn khch". Ngy 5/2/1978, Chnh ph ta ra Tuyn b v vn bin gii Vit Nan-CPC v ngh 3 im: - Chm dt ngay hot ng qun s th ch bin gii, lc lng v trang mi bn ng su trong lnh th ca mnh, cch ng bin gii 5 Km. - Hai bn gp nhau ngay bn v k Hip c khng xm lc v Hip c bin gii.
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- Hai bn s tho thun mt hnh thc thch hp bo m quc t v gim st quc t Pha Pol Pot hon ton bc b ngh trn. V thi ca Lo: trong thng 2/1978, /c Xun Thy dn u on i biu ng ta thm b mt Lo thng bo tnh hnh bin gii VN-CPC. Trong cuc hp vi BCT Lo, /c Souphanouvong13 k li chuyn i thm hu ngh chnh thc CPC thng 12/1977, /c Souphanouvong c n tng tt, cho CPC c k lut v khm phc vic CPC lm tt h thng thy li. V quan h VNCPC, cc /c Lo ni i : VN l anh c nn x s ng nh l ngi anh c, hy gp pha CPC bn bc gii quyt (lc ny, Lo tha nhn VN l anh C nhng rt phn khi m nhn vai tr anh Hai). VN a 3 ngh 5/2/1978 nhng ch ra tuyn b, khng gi trc tip cho pha CPC c th pha CPC pht lng, cho VN khng chn thnh. Lc ny trong ni b Lo c s u tranh v quan im kh phc tp trong quan h vi VN v vi TQ trong khi TQ y mnh vic a qun gip lm ng Bc Lo. Ngy 8/4/1978, Th trng B Giao thng TQ Phan K th m Lo, khnh thnh on ng 286 km Bc Lo. Theo gi ca Lo, ngy 10/4/1978, Ph Th tng kim B trng Ngoi giao Nguyn Duy Trinh gi cng hm cho Ieng Sary nhc li ngh 3 im, nh Lo chuyn cng hm ny. Ngy 15/5/1978, B Ngoi giao CPC gi cng hm tr li, vu khng VN xm lc, mun lp Lin bang ng Dng, i VN thc hin 4 iu kin trong 7 thng n cui nm 1978, c nh vy hai bn mi c th gp nhau. p li cng hm ca pha CPC, ngy 6/6/1978, B Ngoi giao ta gi cng hm cho B Ngoi giao CPC nhc ngh 3 im ngy 5/2/ 1978 v ngh 2 bn tuyn b chm dt hot ng qun s th ch bin gii vo mt ngy gn nht m hai bn tho thun, tch qun khi bin gii 5 Km, cng ngy i din ngoi giao 2 bn ti Vin Chn (Vientiane) hoc bt c th no gp nhau tho thun ngy gi, a im, cp bc cuc hp i din gia 2 Chnh ph. Tuy nhin, mi c gng ngh thng lng ca ta vi CPC u b bc b k c nh bon-office ca LHQ v [Phong tro] Khng lin kt. Trong khi nhng cuc tin cng git hi ng bo ta bin gii ngy cng nghim trng thm in hnh l v thm st v cng d man x Ba Chc (An Giang) v th x Chu c lun b pho kch bng pho 130 ly. Ti Hi ngh Ngoi trn g Phong tro Khng lin kt Beograd 27/7/1978), pha CPC vu co ta thm t v chng li ni dung thng co ca Hi ngh Khng lin kt ku gi 2 nc thng lng. Cn LHQ, Kurt Walheim, TTK/LHQ ni mt bon-office ca LHQ v quan h VN-CPC khng c TQ tn thnh. Trong khi cuc chin tranh bin gii vi CPC ngy cng din ra c lit th quan h vi TQ ngy cng cng thng hn. Ngy 30/4/ 1978, ln u tin, Lu
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Prince Souphanouvong (July 13, 1909 - January 9, 1995) was, along with his half-brother Prince Souvanna Phouma and Prince Boun Oum of Champasak, one of the "Three Princes" who represented respectively the communist (pro-Vietnam), neutralist, and royalist political factions in Laos. He was the figurehead president of Laos from December 1975 to October 1986, a period where the country was effectively under the control of Vietnam.

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Tha Ch, Ch tch Vn phng cng vic Hoa kiu thuc Quc v vin TQ cng khai ni Hoa kiu VN v nc hng lot, m u cho chin dch nn kiu. Ngy 12/5/1978, TQ gi cng hm phn i ta "bi xch, xua ui Hoa kiu, thng bo quyt nh hy b 21 hng mc thit b ton b cng khon tin vin tr dng cho cc hng mc . Ngy 27/5/1978, TQ bc b ngh ca ta v chm dt tuyn truyn chng nhau, i din 2 Chnh ph gp nhau m phn v t quyt nh a tu sang n "nn kiu. Ngy 30/5/1978, Chnh ph TQ gi cng hm cho Chnh ph ta hy b thm 51 hng mc thit b ton b cng khon vin tr dng cho cc hng mc . Ngy 2/6/1978, TQ gi tt c chuyn gia TQ VN v nc. Ta gi cng hm ph phn TQ (17/6/1978) lm xu i quan h vi VN v ng h Pol Pot chng VN. Ngy 16/6/1978, TQ i ta rt 3 tng lnh s qun Cn Minh, Nam Ninh v Qung Chu. V quan h vi M, ngy 3/2/1978 M trc xut /c inh B Thi, Trng phi on ta ti LHQ. Thng 5/1978, Ph Tng thng Mondale 14 i ng-nam . Ngy 19/5/1978, ng Tiu Bnh ni vi bo ch: trong sut thi gian Ph Tng thng Mondale thm ng-nam , hu nh ngy no CPC cng b VN tn cng. Nhng cuc tn cng c lit ny l do nh hng ca Lin X VN tng ln. Ngy 20-23/5/1978, [Zbigniew] Brezinski15 thm TQ, hai bn t co "ch ngha b quyn Lin X" v cam kt cng nhau chng b quyn. Ngy 16/12/1978, M, TQ cng b s chnh thc lp quan h ngoi giao t 1/1/ 1979 v trc ngy 12/8/1978 k Ho c Trung-Nht trong c iu khon chng b quyn. Trong khi TQ, M i vo cu kt chng Lin X, ng Tiu Bnh khng ngng ht li cng kch v khiu khch VN. Ngy 7/6/1978, ng Tiu Bnh ni vi nh bo Thi: VN i bc th 10 chng TQ. Khi h i bc th 11 th TQ mi i bc th 1, tc l gim vin tr cho h. Nu h i bc th 12 th TQ s c bc th 2. Ngy 3/10/1978, mt ln na ng ni vi cc nh bo Thi: TQ c tm nguyn nhn ti sao VN chng TQ mnh nh th v thy rng l do VN mun lp Lin bang ng Dng m TQ th khng tn thnh. Ngoi ra, cn do Lin X xi gic v s dng VN tm cn c qun s ng-nam . Hin nay VN a qun ln bin gii TQ rt ng. Nu VN cho rng tim lc ca mnh ng th 3 th gii v em qun nh ph cc nc th h lm th xem... Ngay d Phnom Penh c mt, nhng ngi CPC kin cng s lm chin tranh du kch n thng li cui cng. TQ s khng a
14

Walter Frederick "Fritz" Mondale (born January 5, 1928) is an American politician and member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party. He was the 42nd Vice President of the United States (1977 1981) under President Jimmy Carter. 15 Brzezinski, Zbigniew (zbg'ny brzhn'sk) , 1928, American political scientist and public official, b. Warsaw, Poland, Ph.D., Harvard, 1953. The son of a diplomat, he was raised in Canada and became (1958) a U.S. citizen. A professor of international relations at Harvard and Columbia Univ. (196077), he was a Soviet specialist and proved to be an influential voice regarding political affairs in the Communist world. As President Carter's national security adviser (197781), he advocated a hard line toward the USSR. In 1981 he resumed his academic career, writing extensively on U.S. strategic relations, the collapse of Communism, and America's security challenges. His books include Ideology and Power in Soviet Politics (1962, repr., 1976), Between Two Ages (1970, repr. 1982), The Grand Failure (1989), The Grand Chessboard (1997), and The Choice: Global Domination or Global Leadership (2004).

16

qun sang chin u CPC nhng s tip tc vin tr cho CPC trong tt c lnh vc. Ngy 5/11/1978, ng thm Thi Lan v gi VN l tn cn phng ng. Gia thng 11/1978, C Bng Phi16 ni vi i s Nam T, v i s CHDC c ni li vi ta rng: nu VN tn cng CPC v c Phnom Penh, TQ s khng a qun vo; TQ s c bin php kim ch VN bin gii Vit-Trung. Tnh hnh trn t ra cho ta mt tnh th rt kh khn, quan h vi CPC, TQ u xu i nghim trng v nhanh chng. Thng 5/1978, B chnh tr c Ngh quyt. Thng 6/1978, Hi ngh Trung ng ln th 4 kho IV ca ng quyt tm tiu dit b l Pol Pot-Ieng Sary (theo tinh thn ngh ca Nhm 77 nh trn trnh by) v kin quyt chng ch ngha b quyn TQ, bo v s trong sng ca ch ngha Marx-Lenin. Ngy 27/7/1978, /c TBT L Dun k Ngh quyt s 09-NQ/TW vi tiu "Ngh quyt ca Hi ngh ln th 4 ca BCH Trung ng v tnh hnh v nhim v mi". V nhn nh tnh hnh, Ngh quyt vit: s nghip phn u a c nc tin ln CNXH theo ng li ca i hi ln th IV ca ng thu c nhng thnh qu bc u ng phn khi v ng trn tin trin tt. Nhng chng ta c nhiu kh khn phi gii quyt trong qu trnh tin ln. Kh khn ln nht hin nay l m mu v hnh ng ph hoi ca tp on phn bi theo ch ngha Mao trong gii cm quyn Bc Kinh i vi cch mng nc ta. Chng dng b l Pol Pot-Ieng Sary gy ra cuc chin tranh chng VN, nh ph bin gii Ty-nam nc ta. Gn y, chng dng ln s kin "nn kiu, ct hon ton vin tr kinh t, rt ht chuyn gia v nc, ng ca 3 tng lnh s qun ca ta TQ, tm cch gy ri cho ta v chnh tr v kinh t, uy hip v qun s tuyn bin gii Vit-Trung v Bin ng, tip sc cho bn ph Mo Lo17 v bin gii pha Ty, hng ngy tuyn truyn kch ng t tng chng VN TQ v trn th gii". "Mc tiu chin lc ca ch ngha Mao l xa b ch ngha Marx-Lenin, xa b CNXH, thc hin ch ngha bnh trng i dn tc v b quyn nc ln trn th gii, trc ht l ng Nam chu ". Trn th gii hnh thnh 2 lc lng i lp u tranh vi nhau: mt bn l cc lc lng cch mng v tin b trong 3 dng thc cch mng ca thi i; mt bn l cc lc lng quc, phn ng, chng CNXH, c lp dn tc, dn ch v ha bnh, trong M l lc lng u s, tp on theo Mao phn bi ch ngha Marx-Lenin trong gii cm quyn Bc Kinh l th lc phn ng quc t ln nht, ng minh ca M. ng-nam ni bt ln mu thun ch yu gia c lp dn tc v CNXH vi ch ngha bnh trng, b quyn nc ln ca tp on theo Mao trong gii cm quyn Bc Kinh v cc th lc quc ng tranh ginh quyn li v nh hng trong khu vc ny. Tp on phn bi theo Mao ng vai tr xung kch phn cch mng nguy him nht, trc tip chng li 3 dng thc cch
16

/Qiao Guanhua (1913.3.28-1983.9.22), Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China (1974.11-1976.12) After 1976, he held the position of advisor to the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries. 17 Ch nhm tn qun ca Vang Pao sau nm 1975.

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mng ng Nam chu . Nc Cng ho XHCN VN c lp, t ch, tiu biu cho CNXH v c lp dn tc, c sc mnh v tim lc ln, c uy tn chnh tr cao trn th gii, l nhn t quan trng ca ha bnh v cch mng ngnam , ng thi l tr lc ln nht i vi mu bnh trng v b quyn ng-nam ca nhng ngi cm quyn Bc Kinh theo Mao... Cuc u tranh chng ch ngha bnh trng i dn tc v b quyn nc ln ca tp on phn bi trong gii cm quyn Bc Kinh l mt b phn quan trng trong cuc u tranh chng ch ngha quc v cch th lc phn ng, v ha bnh, c lp dn tc, dn ch v CNXH trn th gii. Thng li ca cuc u tranh s c tc dng to ln, pht trin th tin cng ca 3 dng thc cch mng, bo v ch ngha Marx-Lenin, nu cao tinh thn quc t v sn, khi phc v tng cng on kt trong h thng XHCN th gii v trong phong tro cng sn quc t" . "Chng ta ang trong giai on va c ha bnh, va c chin tranh trn mt b phn t nc, ng thi k ch ng e da chin tranh t bn ngoi v gy ri bn trong, hng gy kh khn cho cng cuc xy dng ca chng ta v lm suy yu ta v kinh t v quc phng. Tnh hnh cn din bin phc tp. Chng ta khng loi tr kh nng k ch tin cng qun s qui m ln. Ta phi lm tht bi mi m mu v hnh ng ca k th. Mt mt, ta phi tm mi cch lm cho kh nng xu nht khng xy ra. Nhng mt khc, ta phi khn trng chun b v sn sng ng ph vi mi tnh th ". "Chng ta ng c nhiu kh khn ca mt nc sau nhiu nm chin tranh c lit nhng ng, Nh nc, nhn dn ta hon ton c sc n h thng bn theo ch ngha bnh trng i dn tc, nu chng trc tip xm lc nc ta, ng thi p tan mi m mu ph hoi ca quc M. Cha bao gi nc VN XHCN li c sc mnh nh ngy nay. l sc mnh tng hp ca mt nc c lp, thng nht, c chnh ngha, c truyn thng anh hng, bt khut, on kt chng ngoi xm, nh thng nhiu quc ln, k c tn quc u s; c sc mnh ca nn chuyn chnh v sn" "nh bi mi m mu v hnh ng ca ch ngha bnh trng i dn tc chng VN l s mnh lch s ca nhn dn c nc ta bo v c lp dn tc, tin nhanh tin mnh tin vng chc ln CNXH, gp phn bo v v tng cng CNXH trn th gii v TQ, gi gn s trong sng ca ch ngha Marx-Lenin. Mt ln na, tip theo cuc khng chin chng M, cu nc ca nhn dn ta, mu thun ca thi i li tp trung VN, cuc ng lch s mi c th li din ra VN, v kt qu cui cng l nhn dn VN, ch ngha MarxLenin, chnh ngha v cng l s thng!". T nhng nhn nh nh vy, Ngh quyt xc nh nhim v chung ca cch mng VN trc tnh hnh mi l: "ng vin cao tinh thn yu nc v yu CNXH, pht huy ch ngha anh hng cch mng, truyn thng on kt chin u chng ngoi xm, tinh thn t lc t cng ca ton ng, ton dn, ton qun, xy dng ch lm ch tp th XHCN ton din v rng khp, y mnh cng cuc xy dng
18

CNXH v bo v T quc, tng nhanh tim lc kinh t v quc phng, ph tan m mu ca ch hng lm suy yu v nh ph nc ta, ginh thng li trong chin tranh bin gii pha Ty-nam, tng cng phng th t nc, sn sng chin u nh bi chin tranh xm lc trn qui m ln. Tng cng on kt vi cc nc XHCN anh em v ton th loi ngi tin b, kin quyt u tranh chng ch ngha quc, ng u l quc M, chng ch ngha bnh trng v b quyn nc ln ca tp on phn ng trong gii cm quyn Bc Kinh, lm tt ngha v quc t ca nhn dn ta, gp phn bo v s trong sng ca ch ngha Marx-Lenin, tng cng lc lng ca CNXH v c lp dn tc ng-nam chu v trn th gii". V quc phng, an ninh: Kt hp cht ch gia xy dng kinh t v cng c quc phng theo mt k hoch c bn, lu di v c nghim chnh thc hin tng bc vng chc. Chun b sn sng v mi mt nm chc th ch ng, ging cho k th xm lc nhng n sm st ngay t u, d chng dng phng tin chin tranh g, vi bt c qui m no. Tp trung sc thc hin nhim v qun s trc mt l nh thng trong chin tranh bin gii pha Ty-nam; tng cng kh nng v trnh sn sng chin u trn hng Bc v Ty Bc, tng cng phng th cc o v bo v vng bin; bo v vng chc c nc. Phi hp vi cc /c Lo dp bo lon, cng c mi mt tuyn bin gii pha Ty, pht huy sc mnh ca ng bin gii hu ngh Vit-Lo, ra sc lm tt ngha v quc t"... ' Ngh quyt kt lun: Tip theo cuc khng chin chng M, cu nc va kt thc th s mnh lch s mi, cuc u tranh mi chng mt i tng mi rt thm c v th bo, li bt u. Nhn dn ta ng vng bc tin ln, hng hi, dng cm v bnh tnh thng minh vt qua mi kh khn, th thch, quyt ginh nhng thng li v vang trong s nghip xy dng CNXH v bo v T quc VN yu qu, nh bi mi mu ca ch ngha quc v ch ngha bnh trng i dn tc, tch cc lm ngha v quc t cao c v ha bnh, c lp dn tc, dn ch v CNXH trn ton th gii, tch cc gp phn bo v s trong sang ca ch ngha MarxLenin". T y, ta tin hnh mt lot hot ng quan trng thc hin Ngh quyt Trung ng 4 : - Ngy 16/6/1978, BCT ra Ngh quyt 20 thnh lp mt ban mi gi l B68 nhm gip Trung ng trong vic gip cch mng CPC. Ngh quyt ni r y l mt c quan nghin cu, lm tham mu, va l c quan chuyn gia ca bn CPC. Tr s B-68 t ngi nh 606, ng Trn Hng o thnh ph HCM. B-68 lc u do /c Nguyn Xun Hong lm Trng Ban, l /c c qu trnh lu di gip CPC, tng l Trng ban CP-48 ca Trung ng ng; sau ny /c Thiu tng Hong Th Thin lm Trng ban, Ph ban c cc /c L
19

Hai (hin l Trung tng, Ph Ch nhim Tng cc chnh tr), ng Thnh, V Oanh, Phan nh Vinh, Nguyn Hu Ti (Ban i ngoi Trung ng), Ng in, sau ny c thm /c Phm Chung (nguyn Ph Vn phng Trung ng ng). Khi c quan thnh lp do /c L c Th trc tip ph trch nhanh chng trin khai nhng cng vic chun b thc hin Ngh quyt Trung ng 4. /c L c Th vo Nam, tp hp nhng cn b min Nam vn quen bit CPC xc minh nhng ngi ly khai Pol Pot chy sang VN, dng trc thng triu tp cn b, lc ny Souvanna min ng CPC vn c quan h tt vi VN hi 1970 b Pol Pot trn p t st, (sau ny Nayan Chanda v Ben Kierman vit nhiu sch v v ni dy ny min ng)18. Theo li Hun Sen, Chea Sim, trc khi t st Souvanna c dn khi kh khn cn chy sang VN tm s gip . Heng Somrin v Chea Sim chy sang VN nm 1978 cng mt s ng cn b cng thuc lc lng min ng m Pol Pot gi l khu 203, cn Hun Sen th sang VN t 6/1977. Mt ngun cn b na l nhng ngi dn CPC khi ta tn cng ln CPC khu vc Svay Rieng thng 12/1977 cng theo b i VN v VN t nn, sng tp trung tri Bn Sn (Ty Ninh) trong s sau ny c ngi l B, Th trng nh Prach Sun, Ph Ban i ngoi; Chay Kannha, Ch tch [Hi] ph n v Th trng B Y t; Chan Ven, B trng B Gio dc... Ti c nghe k li l /c L c Th dn cn b ta l phi tm cho bng c ngn c, ngn c chnh tr ca ngi CPC d l "ngn c rch". Trong khi bn trong ta chun b khn trng nh vy th hot ng i ngoi chun b cho hnh ng ca ta cng din ra rt khn trng. Ngh quyt Trung ng IV thng 7/1978, ra nhim v cho hot ng i ngoi l: "Tip tc ging cao ngn c c lp dn tc v CNXH, gi vng c lp, t ch, on kt vi tt c cc lc lng chng ch ngha quc, ch ngha thc dn c v mi, ch ngha bnh trng i dn tc, tranh th mi lc lng c th tranh th, ra sc li dng mi mu thun gia cc quc, gia quc v cc nc khc vi bn phn ng quc t phn ho v c lp cao k th trc tip v nguy him nht hin nay ca nhn dn cc nc ng-nam chu l tp on phn ng theo Mao trong gii cm quyn Bc Kinh. Ra sc cng c v tng cng tnh on kt anh em v quan h hp tc gn b v mi mt vi Lin X, ng thi tng cng quan h hu ngh vi cc nc XHCN khc tranh ch s gip ca cc nc XHCN cho cng cuc xy dng v bo v t nc ta" - Ngy 29/6/1978 : VN chnh thc gia nhp SEV [Hi ng tng tr kinh t]. - Ngy 3/7/1978: Th trng B Ngoi giao Phan Hin thm Thi Lan, Nht Bn, Singapore, New Zealand, Malaysia, Lo. - T 13/9/1978, Th tng Phm Vn ng i thm cc nc Thi Lan, Philippines, Indonesia, Maylaysia, Singapore nu ngh k Hip c khng
18

Nayan Chanda (1986)). Brother Enemy: The War After the War. ISBN 0-15-114420-6. Ben Kierman - The Pol Pot Regime.

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xm lc, khng lt , lp khu vc ha bnh, c lp, t do, trung lp v n nh, phn vinh. Ta tuyn b khng ng h cc t chc Mao-t cc nc ny. - Cui thng 9/1978, ti LHQ, VN v M gp nhau v bnh thng ha quan h 2 nc. VN khng gn iu 21 vi bnh thng ha quan h Vit-M. Hai bn tho thun lp Working Group bn v bnh thng ha quan h 2 nc. - Trong 2 thng 8 v 9/1978 m phn Trung-vit v ngi Hoa nhng khng kt qu. - Thng 10/1978, M chuyn mnh sang cu kt vi TQ chng Lin X, VN, gim v tm ngng thng lng v bnh thng ha quan h vi VN. - Ngy 3/11/1978, VN k vi Lin X Hip c hu ngh v hp tc. - Ngy 2/12/1978, ta gip hnh thnh Mt trn on kt dn tc cu nc CPC, ngn c chnh tr ca lc lng yu nc CPC v Hng thng tn SPK ra i. Anh Ng Tin (hin l pht thanh vin ting Khmer ca i Ting ni An Giang) l ngi dch v chp tay bn Tuyn ngn v Cng lnh ca Mt trn phn pht. Trong qu trnh chun b, mt ln na nhng ngi CPC li t ngi VN li chi phi CPC, in hnh l Ouch Bun Chhoeun ngi thuc khu min ng cng chy sang vi Chea Sim, cng nhc li ngh tng t nh Pol Pot nm 1970 l VN ch gip pho binh, v kh v hun luyn cn CPC t nh. V t tng dn tc nn Ouch Bun Chhoeun khng c la chn vo hng ng lnh o mc d anh ta c trnh , sau ny Chhoeun lm B trng t php. Ngi c la chn ng u Mt trn l Heng Somrin, mt ngi nng dn cht phc, hin lnh. Ngay trc v sau khi ra i Mt trn, ta tng bc m qun vo su trong ni a CPC, gip xy dng nhng i qun v trang tuyn truyn CPC. Sau khi tp trung 19 trong s 25 s on bin gii CPC-VN, ngy 23/12/1978, qun Pol Pot tin cng th trn Bn Si v mc tiu l nh chim th x Ty Ninh. T 25/12/1978, ta bt u m cuc tn cng ln sang CPC v 7/1/ 1979, nh chim Phnom Penh v cc tnh khc ca CPC. Cn ni thm rng, sau khi ta a qun nh sang CPC ngoi Mt trn ta cha kp gip thnh lp ng, khi Phnom Penh sp gii phng, ngy 6/18/1/1979, ti Th c (thnh ph HCM) hp Hi ngh xy dng li ng CPC vi tt c l 62 ng vin tp hp t cc ngun khc nhau bu 7 ngi vo Ban xy dng ng (sau ny c gi l i hi III): Pen Sovan19, Trng ban; Heng Somrin, Chea Sim, Van Son, Chan Kiri, Bouthong, Hun Sen l U vin. Van Son lm Trng ban t chc; Chan Kiri lm Trng ban kim tra. (Chan Kiri l mt /c gc Nam b tham gia khng chin chng Php, ngi trung thc cht phc nhng nng lc hn ch. Pen Sovan khng thch /c ny, thng ch bai v cng khng mun c mt /c lp c nh vy trong lnh o. Van Son l Trng ban t chc kim B th thnh U Phnom Penh sm c nhng biu hin sa o v lin h vi nhng phn t xu. Thng 3/1979 Van Son v Chan Kiri b Pen Sovan gt v a Sai Phuthong thay Van Son nhng khng trao i g vi pha VN. Pen Sovan, Chea Sim v Sai Phuthong hnh thnh Thng v Trung ng ng). Ngy 7/1/1979, ta gii phng Phnom Penh v cc tnh nhng cc
19

Lnh o cao nht ca ng v Nh nc CPC t 1979-12/1981.

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cn b ch cht ca CPC vn cn ti cn c Qun khu 7 sn bay Tn Sn Nht mi n ngy 24/1/79, mt chic Yak 40 ca ta mi ch s lnh o CPC bao gm c Pen Sovan, Heng Somrin, Chea Sim, Hun Sen... v Phnom Penh 25/1/1979 d l mng chin thng sn vn ng Olimpic, cn mi vic ca bui l u do chuyn gia v anh Phng Th Ti ng ra t chc. Chuyn gia VN n lm tt c, "lm thay, lm thy" v "lm c t". Khi chun b n Th tng Phm Vn ng, ngoi vt cht, l tn, ngi phc v do Anh Khai S Ngoi v thnh ph H Ch Minh a ln, ta cn a c cng nhn qut ng ln Phnom Penh. Ti cn nh mt chi tit khi Phnom Penh gii phng, cn ra i Chnh ph v tn nc mi, B Ngoi giao c giao nhim v son gip Tuyn ngn ca Chnh ph mi CPC. Mt bui ti sau 7/1/1979, ti Phng hp ln ca B, cc /c Nguyn C Thch, V ng Giang, Phm Bnh, Nguyn Xun, Lu Vn Li tho lun v phn cng giao vit gp. Anh V ng Giang ni l Tuyn ngn nn ngn gn, sc tch, mang tnh cht hiu triu nh Tuyn ngn 2/9 ca VN. Tuyn ngn phi ra i tn nc c kin l t tn l Cng ho Dn ch, c kin l Cng ho Dn ch Nhn dn, kin ny b bc v qu ging tn nc Lo, cui c ng anh Giang ngh t tn Cng ho Nhn dn cho ging TQ. Bn Tuyn ngn c vit, in mt vo trong kia [tp HCM] v 12/1/1979, Tuyn ngn ca Hi ng nhn dn cch mng CPC chnh thc c cng b v tn nc Cng ho Dn ch Nhn dn CPC c t y. V cng t , do B Ngoi giao CPC cha hnh thnh, chuyn gia gip B Ngoi giao ch c anh Ng in, anh Chin Thng v anh Bi Hu Nhn nn phn ln cc tuyn b ca B Ngoi giao CPC u c vit t B Ngoi giao VN, anh V ng Giang duyt ri gi sang Phnom Penh dch v cng b. Ngy 16/2/1979, Th tng Phm Vn ng sang thm chnh thc CPC; ngy 17/2/1979 k Hip c hu ngh v Hip nh qun s; cng ngy TQ a 60 vn qun tin cng cc tnh min Bc VN "dy cho VN mt bi hc". Chng ta a qun vo CPC, gip CPC lm li cuc cch mng t con s 0 trn tt c mi lnh vc. hiu thc cht i ng cn b CPC, xin trch on bo co nhn xt ca chuyn gia ta CPC nm 1980: "Lc lng cn b, ng vin CPC do nhiu ngun tp hp li, cha thng cm v ho hp vi nhau: - S cn b ng vin tp kt t min Bc [VN] v nay cn 40 ngi. S lng t song gi v tr quan trng, ch cht (3/6 U vin Trung ng, 5/8 B trng, 9/26 Th trng, 7/29 B th v Ch tch tnh. Ni chung, thi chnh tr tt, tin cy v on kt vi VN. C mt t tht s l ly khai Pol Pot li min Bc, gic ng chnh tr kh. Cn s ng l gi yu hoc do cu an, sinh hot b tha. n nay mt s thoi ho, ri rng. - Lc lng ly khai Koh Kong thuc dn tc Thi, sm nhn ra bn cht phn ng ca Pol Pot, ni dy chng li chng ngay t nm 1974 ri chy sang Thi Lan, lc c 65 ng vin. Lc lng ly khai ng Bc ch yu l thuc dn tc t ngi Ratanakiri cng sm chng li Pol Pot, chy sang VN v Lo.
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Hai lc lng ly khai ny u thuc cc dn tc t ngi, ni chung c lp trng chnh tr tt, on kt gn b vi VN. Cc dn tc t ngi tuy chim t l nh nhng c lc lng cn b, ng vin kh ng v gi v tr quan trng. Dn tc Thi ch c gn 4.000 [ngi] song ng vin hin ti 70 ngi chng nhng gi v tr ch cht ca tnh Koh Kong m c Kampot v mt vi ngnh Trung ng. S cn b dn tc Ratanakiri nay c b tr gi cc chc v ch cht c 4 tnh ng Bc v mt vi ngnh Trung ng. Bn cnh ch mnh, cn bn v lp trng chnh tr, cc cn b ng vin ngi dn tc (Koh Kong v ng Bc) u c nhc im l trnh vn ho thp, ch ngha a phng v thnh kin dn tc vi ngi CPC Kinh20 kh nng n. - Lc lng ni dy ca K-203, c s cn b, ng vin kh ng, gi nhiu chc v quan trng (2 U vin Trung ng, 10 B th tnh, 2 B trng v 4 Th trng). S do nhn r ng li, quan im Pol Pot phn ng m chng n l s t cn s ng do b Pol Pot nghi ng trng tr m ni dy. C ngi n nay thy r l tin b, chuyn bin tt ln nhng cng cn nhng ngi ta cha tht hiu r, nh hng quan im dn tc hp hi, nghi ng VN, tc phong xu ca thi k Pol Pot trong mt s ngi cn nng. - Nhng ngi t nn v ly khai khc, l t khng thnh t chc, chy ri rc sang VN t 1977 n cui 1978. S ny khng thun nht. C nhng ngi tt nay tr thnh cn b nng ct. Nhng cng c ngi kh phc tp. - Lc lng cn b mi sau 7/1/1979, ch yu l hc sinh, sinh vin, tr thc. S ng c tinh thn yu nc, nhit tnh, tn tu thy nhng nhn t mi, c trin vng nhng nhng ngi gic ng chnh tr thp, nhn thc m h, d dao ng, c o tng i vi Sihanouk, hoi nghi cha tin ch mi. S cn b ny chim ti 25% cc Ban cn s tnh, 38% UBND tnh, 80 % cp V, Cc v 7 Th trng".

20

Ch ngi Khmer a s (?)

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III. din bin cuc u tranh v CPC v mt s quan h i ngoi ca Vit Nam giai on 1979-1991
Cuc u tranh v vn CPC trong gn 13 nm (1979-1991) v nhng quyt sch ca ta v CPC lun lun gn lin vi nhng bin i trong chin lc ca cc nc ln nhng bin i su sc trn th gii. CPC l trng tm ca hot ng ngoi giao ca ta trong giai on ny. C th c nhiu cch chia giai on khc nhau nhng tin trnh by c chi tit, ti phn chia lm 4 giai on nh: 2.1 Giai on 1979 - 1981 a) Bi cnh quc t : Thng li ca VN trong cuc khng chin chng M a n s suy yu v khng hong su sc nht ca quc M, ko theo s khng hong ton din ca ch ngha quc trong thi k sau VN. M phi rt khi lc a chu , chuyn sang chin lc qun o to nn khong trng trong khu vc. Tht bi ca M, thng li cch mng VN v cc nc ng Dng a ti s khng hong ca cc nc ng-nam . M ra sc gii quyt khng hong ni b bng mi cch khi phc li sc mnh ca M v qun s, kinh t v v tr s mt i vi ng minh; i ph vi vic Lin X m rng nh hng v s pht trin ca cch mng th gii. Nhm mc tiu , t cui nhng nm 70, M y mnh chy ua v trang, kim ch Lin X v quan h ng -ty nhng trnh khng lm v quan h X-M; ng thi y mnh ho hon vi TQ, tng bc chi con bi TQ chng Lin X v cch mng, nht l t sau chuyn i TQ ca Brezinski thng 8/1978, khi TQ chuyn hn sang i vi M chng Lin X, phc v 4 hin i ha. Trong vn CPC, M li dng chnh sch chng Lin X ca TQ, tuy nhin trnh dnh lu trc tip v iu M quan tm nht l bo m an ninh cho cc nc ASEAN nht l Thi Lan. Lin X trit khai thc cc din quc t "sau VN", s suy yu ca M v kh khn ca TQ m rng nh hng, bao vy, kim ch TQ v ph cu kt M-Trung. c bit Lin X li dng thng li ca VN tng cng v tr ng-nam . Lin X ng h ta a qun vo CPC, ng thi thc y quan h vi VN (k Hip c hp tc hu ngh thng 11/1978), vi Lo, thit lp quan h vi CPC, m rng s c mt ca Lin X c v chnh tr, kinh t ln qun s, tranh th VN v cc nc ng Dng i vi Lin X i ph vi cu kt Trung-M song trnh dnh lu trc tip vo cuc xung t. TQ coi ng-nam l khu vc nh hng v l hng bnh trng ch yu ca TQ. Thng li ca VN, ng Dng v s pht trin ca xu hng ha bnh, n nh ng-nam lm cho TQ tht bi trong chnh sch truyn thng li dng v kim ch cuc u tranh ca 3 nc ng Dng, ph hoi v chia r cc nc ng-nam v li ch chin lc ca TQ.

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Thng li ca VN ko theo vic Lin X tng cng nh hng ng Dng, M tht bi v b y ra khi lc a ng-nam to mt khong trng chin lc ln. Cc chnh quyn ca cc nc ASEAN lm vo khng hong, trong khi TQ b suy yu nghim trng sau cch mng vn ho v b l 4 tn. Trong tnh hnh , t 1978 TQ trin khai mnh m k hoch 4 hin i [ha] i lin vi s chn la "phng Ty ho c gi" quyt nh bc ngot chin lc i ngoi ca TQ i vi M dn n nh cao ca cu kt Trung -M trong nhng nm 1978-1981. TQ trit li dng s suy yu ca M v yu cu ca M ngn chn Lin X v cch mng th gii, khai thc mu thun M-X v gia cch mng vi phn cch mng, a ra khu hiu chng i b" v "tiu b t xng l "NATO phng ng" pht trin mnh quan h vi M v phng Ty. TQ cng trit li dng mi lo ngi ca cc nc ASEAN trc vic M rt lui v nguy C Lin X m rng nh hng ng -nam lp mt trn TQ-M-ASEAN-phng Ty chng Lin X, VN v cch mng th gii. Nhm thc hin mc tiu tranh th M v phng Ty phc v 4 hin i ho ng thi chng li s bao vy, kim ch ca Lin X, TQ c nhng bc i rt quyt lit v mt i ngoi, ct vin tr cho VN, Anbani (1978), khuyn khch, h tr cho bn Pol Pot tin nh VN, trc tip tin hnh chin tranh xm lc chng VN thng 2/1979, v li ko M, ASEAN, phng Ty bao vy c lp VN, i ph vi nh hng ngy cng tng ca Lin X, VN trong khu vc. Vic TQ chuyn t cch mng sang i vi M chng cch mng, dng vn CPC chng Lin X v VN nh du s thay i ln trong chin lc ca TQ trong hn 40 nm qua. b) V CPC, ngy 7/1/1979 khi ta gii phng CPC mc d ta dng c hi-lc-khng qun; dng lnh d nhy xung Siem Reap nhng ch yu l la qun Pol Pot t pha ng sang pha Ty, do c bn lc lng Pol Pot khng b tiu hao l n. V mt i ngoi, ta phi i ph vi tnh hnh rt khn trng. Ngy 6/1/1979, TQ cho my bay n Sihanouk sang Bc Kinh v cng trong nhng ngy ny Cnh Tiu, Hn Nim Long21 b mt sang Bangkok gp Th tng Kriangsak [Chomanan] bn vic gip Pol Pot " t thnh" v vn chuyn v kh ca TQ cho Pol Pot (ti liu ta bt c cn c T Sanh - Battambang). HBA/LHQ hp ngy 10/1/1979 v ra d tho ngh quyt ln n VN xm lc, i VN rt qun; Lin X ph quyt d tho ngh quyt ny. Ngy 9/1/1979, Hi ngh Ngoi trng cc nc ASEAN ra tuyn b ku gi rt ngay, rt ht qun nc ngoi khi CPC. Cng ngy 9/1/1979, Ngoi trng M Cyrus Vance ni: cuc ni chuyn gia VN v M v bnh thng ha quan h v do cuc xm lng ca VN vo CPC. T lc ny sc p i ta rt qun ngy cng mnh v cng t 30/6/1979 dng ngi VN di tn ngy cng tng vt trong khi kinh t trong nc rt kh khn lm xu i hnh nh VN trn th gii. Lp trng C
21

Mr. Han Nianlong, born in Renhuai County of Guizhou Province in May 1910, served as vice minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic ofChinafrom April 1964 to April 1982.

25

bn ca chng ta v CPC lc ny l tuyn b "tnh hnh CPC l khng th o ngc" v quyt tm "n c" CPC. Thng 7/1981, chng ta ty chay khng tham d Hi ngh quc t ca Lin hp quc v CPC (ICK). Trong ni a CPC, sau gii phng 7/1/1979, ngoi vic b i ta tip tc tin cng nh vo 11 cn c ln ca Pol Pot, nhim v khn cp l phi cu i cho dn, lo t chc to n kt ti Pol Pot (8/1979) lm ngn c chnh tr cho chnh quyn CPC, lo t chc b my chnh. quyn t Trung ng n a phng, t chc in v pht hnh ng tin tr li. Cn ni thm rng trong bi cnh tnh hnh CPC lc vic xy dng ng v chnh quyn u lm t trn xung, lp chnh quyn tnh ri mi n huyn, x; pht trin ng vin trong B, Th trng trc ri mi n cn b... y cng l nguyn nhn ti sao CPC khng th c C s vng chc. Ngy 1/5/1981, ta gip t chc tng tuyn c bu Quc hi CPC; 26-29/5/1981, t chc i hi IV ca ng [Nhaan dn Cch mng CPC] v cng b Hin php mi. C th ni tt c mi hot ng ca ta v i ngoi v trn thc a CPC lc ny l nhm cng c chnh quyn CPC, gi nguyn trng CPC. T gia nm 1979, mt vn na m ta phi i ph l nhn vic dn CPC i, cc t chc quc t dng chiu bi "cu tr quc t" ma ma ko dn CPC t nn sang bin gii Thi v ma kh th y tr li vo ni a CPC gip bo tn v cung cp lng thc, thc phm, thuc men cho bn Pol Pot. Tip theo Hi ngh 3 Ngoi trng VN, Lo, CPC ln th nht nm 1980 ti Phnom Penh nhn k nim mt nm ngy gii phng CPC (/c Nguyn Duy Trinh d Hi ngh ny; sau Hi ngh, /c Nguyn C Thch tr thnh B trng ngoi giao). Hi ngh 3 ngoi trng ln th 2 hp thng 7/1980 Vientiane l nhm i ph vi vn t nn, cu tr quc t v t y hnh thnh cuc hp thng k Ngoi trng ba nc. V Sihanouk, sau khi ri Phnom Penh 6/1/1979, Sihanouk c a n New York trnh by vn d CPC, i VN rt qun; trong tm trng va thot khi t Pol Pot nhng phi bo v Pol Pot, ngy 14/1/1979, Sihanouk xin t nn chnh tr M nhng TQ thuyt phc M khng cho Sihanouk t nn. Tr v Bc Kinh, Sihanouk 4 ln vit th cho Th tng Phm Vn ng (7, 23, 27/10/1979 v 11/11/1979), ni dung th Sihanouk cm n gii phng CPC khi dit chng nhng ngh c m phn vi VN khi phc ch quyn CPC. Ta khng nhn v khng tr li [nhng] th . Trong cuc hp bo La Havana nhn dp Hi ngh cp cao 6 ca Phong tro khng lin kt (thng 8/1979), Th tng Phm Vn ng ni v Sihanouk nh sau: "Qest ce qui est Sihanouk? C 'est n homme fini". Tnh hnh l do li ch ca ta l gi nguyn trng CPC, cn nhng ngi lnh o mi CPC rt s uy tn v nh hng ca Sihanouk nn kin quyt khng mun ta tip xc vi Sihanouk. Trong mt cuc gp lnh o ta nm 1979, ngn ta c th c tip xc vi Sihanouk, Pen Sovan ni: ging nh tc ng CPC, Sihanouk nh con ch khi chui qua ro th cp ui, vt qua ro n s vnh ui tr li. c)V quan h ca ta vi chnh quyn CPC :
26

Cn b, chuyn gia "lm thay, lm thy, lm t", cn nhng ngi lnh o, cn b CPC "hng th t lc cn th, quan liu t lc b v mi v" li sm ny sinh u c hp hi dn tc. in hnh l v Chea Sim 22 v Pen Sovan. Chea Sim l i biu Quc hi ca Pol Pot, c coi l ngi mu mc ca CPC Dn ch v Chea Sim dn u on ly khai chy sang VN 1978 trong on c Heng Somrin nhng khng c trng dng, c c lm B trng ni v mt thi gian ngn li chuyn sang lm Mt trn, Quc hi. Vn mc cm v khng c tin cy nn Chea Sim t t ni, lm l v cng mc cm hn khi b khm nh. Ngy 10/3/1979 mt chic ca n cp bn Phnom Penh, c 47 ngi, c v trang v c Pol Pot, ni v lin h vi Chea Sim; ti 12/3/1979, qun qun Phnom Penh em xe tng n khm nh Chea Sim, chp nh ti liu, nhng ngi trong nh v cho my r mn tm v kh quanh nh Chea Sim. Cui thng 3/1979, Hun Sen ni vi anh Ng in v s kin ny nh sau: Sao li khm nh mt /c Trung ng. C ch mi lm nh vy. Nu l ti, ti khng cho php lm th, ti bn c ngi khm v bn c ti lun. Cn Pen Sovan, vn l tr m ci CPC do b i ta nht c v c nui t b, tr thnh i u qun i ta, v thnh Tng B th nhng sm tr mt chng li ta v thng 7 8/1981 lm gng v vn ngi Vit CPC v i c on ca Trung ng ng CPC sang m phn vi Trung ng ng VN v vn ny. Trong ni b ng CPC, Pen Sovan c quyn, khng tn trng tp th. Thng 12/1981, BCT CPC khai tr Pen Sovan, nh ta bt giam Pen Sovan H Ni v Heng Somrin tr thnh Tng B th. i vi B Ngoi giao, t 3 /c chuyn gia u nm 1979, thng 9/1979 theo yu cu ca B Ngoi giao CPC ta c sang 17 chuyn gia b tr ti tt c cc V ca B Ngoi giao CPC (nh cc /c Hong nh Cu - trng on, Ng Qu Cn, Ng Vit Ly, ng c Khi, Chu Phong, L ng, Trn Ng, Ngc Sn, Nguyn Huy Cm, L Quang (Ti v), Kim Ln (Cc) v.v...). Thng 3/1981, Pen Sovan v Hun Sen gp /c Nguyn C Thch nh khch gc ng Nguyn Du H Ni c ch chuyn gia ta, cho rng mt s vic CPC t lm tt hn chuyn gia VN nh v l tn, bo ch... v yu cu ta rt chuyn gia khi B Ngoi giao v ch c mt vi c vn gii. Theo yu cu ca CPC, ta rt chuyn gia khi B Ngoi giao v c 5 c vn sang CPC gip B Ngoi giao CPC trong thi gian t 1982 n 1988 (cc /c V Ton, Hong nh Cu, Khang, Trn Ng, on Trn Cnh/Ban i ngoi, Phm Cng Bai...). Cn phi ni rng B Ngoi giao ta c s gip rt to ln i vi B ngoi giao CPC, ngoi s gip trc tip rt t m hng ngy ca /c Ng in vi c nhn Hun Sen v B Ngoi giao CPC, nhng cuc hp ba ngoi trng thng k hoc nhng dp sang trao i tnh hnh vi nhng bi pht biu chun b cng phu ca /c Nguyn C Thch tht s l s bi dng rt C bn v nh gi tnh hnh th gii v khu vc cng nh phng php lun trong vic xem xt x l cc vn i ngoi v iu ny c nh hng rt ln n Hun Sen. Khng nhng th, nm 1985 ta cn gip m lp bi dng kin thc ngoi
22

Nay l Ch tch ng Nhn dn CPC (PCC)

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giao cho CPC, cc /c V Khoan, L Mai, Nguyn Phng V tng sang CPC gii thiu vi lp hc ny v chin lc ca Lin X, M, TQ. 2.2 Giai on t 1982-1986 a) Bi cnh quc t: Di tc ng mnh m ca cuc chy ua ton cu v kinh t v KHKT v do nhng kh khn ni ti ca mi nc, t u nhng nm 1980 c ba nc M, X, Trung bt u iu chnh chin lc, tp trung pht trin sc mnh bn trong, gim bt tnh trng cng mng ra nhiu a bn v nhiu mc tiu, t mc khc nhau buc phi gim bt chy ua v trang, gim cam kt bn ngoi, trnh ng trc tip vi nhau v trnh b sa ly vo mt cuc xung t qun s ko di. Quan h 3 nc ln vt qua thi k i u cng thng ca giai on trc, chuyn sang hnh thi ci thin quan h tng i mt. XM y nhanh vic ci thin quan h (gp g cp cao Genve 1985, k INF 12/1985), cng c th 2 cc. TQ tip tc duy tr quan h vi M trong khun kh cc thng co chung Trung-M t 1972, ng thi tng bc i vo bnh thng ha vi Lin X (ni li m phn Th trng t 1982, gp g 2 Ngoi trng thng 9/1984, n Ph Th tng Lin X Arkhipov thng 12/1984). Tuy nhin, vic ci thin tng cp quan h cc nc ln ch ang bc u. b) Cuc u tranh v vn CPC trong giai on ny v C bn vn nm trong khung cnh tp hp lc lng.cho cuc i u gia 2 pha, ng thi xut hin nhn t mi l cc nc ln bt u s dng vn CPC dn xp quan h vi nhau. Khi ni li m phn Trung-X thng 10/1982, ngay t u TQ nu "3 tr ngi", trong c vn CPC, ng thi trao 5 im cho Lin X (VN tuyn b rt ht qun v bt u rt mt b phn; m phn bnh thng ha Vit-Trung; ci thin quan h Trung-X; lp Chnh ph lin hip CPC; bo m quc t cho mt nc CPC c lp v khng lin kt). n 1/3/1983, TQ a ra cng khai 5 im, thng 6/1983, TBT Triu T Dng nhc li 5 im Quc hi TQ, v 10/1983 TQ nhc li ti vng 3 X -Trung. Lp trng ca TQ v vn CPC lc ny l khng chp nhn c i vi ta. Trong khi thng lng vi Lin X v CPC, TQ cng quyt bc b m phn vi ta, dng vic TQ ci thin quan h vi Lin X, cc nc XHCN p ta v gy xung t ln trn bin gii Vit-trung u nm 1984. i vo m phn vi TQ t thng 10/1982, Lin X tip tc ng h VN, CPC, cha chu bn vi TQ v 3 tr ngi. Cng vi vic iu chnh quan h vi TQ, M coi trng hn v tr ca ASEAN. ph Tng thng, Ngoi trng, B trng quc phng, Tham mu lin qun M ln lt thm ng-nam (1983-1984). TQ cng cc nc ASEAN thc y vic lp "Chnh ph lin hip 3 phi" (6/1982) v M ng h, v t 1983 TQ bt u cao vai tr Sihanouk ph hp vi yu cu ca M v ASEAN hn. T nm 1985, khi cc nc ln y mnh qu trnh ci thin quan h tng cp mt, vn CPC ngy cng tr thnh mt ch quan trng v trc tip trong m phn tay i gia 3 nc ln.
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T gia nm 1984, thi ca Lin X trn vn CPC bt u thay i, Lin X thc y ta v CPC i vo gii quyt vn CPC bng chnh tr. Thng 6/1984, ln u tin gi ta tip xc vi Sihanouk, ng thi ly vn CPC lm mt ni dung trong m phn tay i vi M v TQ. Thng 5/1985 vn CPC c t vo chng trnh ngh s cuc m phn cp chuyn vin X-M bn v cc vn khu vc. T vng 9 m phn X-Trung thng 10/1986, Lin X bt u nhn bn vi TQ v vn CPC, nu ln kh nng s dng Khieu Samphan. Thng 7/1986, TBT Gorbachov tuyn b Vladivostok nu vn CPC phi gii quyt gia VN v TQ l 2 nc XHCN. Thng 3/1987, Ngoi trng Lin X Shevardnadze thm VN, CPC khuyn CPC nn y mnh ho hp dn tc. Thng 6/1987, /c Nguyn Vn Linh thm Lin X, Lin X gi gii php v CPC theo cng thc Afghanistan; sau chuyn i ny, /c Nguyn C Thch sang CPC (2/6/1987) thng bo cho lnh o CPC v phn tch s khc nhau gia CPC v Afghanistan Thng 7/1987, Gorbachov tuyn b vi bo Merdeka (Indonesia) Lin X ng h vic lp Chnh ph lin hip CPC ging nh Afghanistan; cui 1987, Lin X li gi vi ta v vic Hun Sen gp Khieu Samphan. Khc vi trc, M tng cng hot ng v vn CPC, t thng 5/1985, cng vi Lin X a vn CPC vo danh mc cc vn khu vc nhng u tin bn v cc khu vc khc quan trng hn i vi M, ng thi M bt u vin tr cng khai cho 2 phi khng cng sn CPC nhm gip 2 phi ny tng cng lc lng, khng nh vai tr ca M trong vic gii quyt vn CPC. Ti thng 9/1985 M cng vi Lin X m phn cp Th trng v CPC v chu - Thi Bnh Dng. Qua 8 vng m phn X-Trung, TQ kin tr i ly vn CPC lm mt ni dung m phn v bnh thng ha quan h 2 nc, v trc bc pht trin nhanh ca quan h X -M, TQ gim yu cu, c vt qua "tr ngi" thc y quan h Trung -X (thng 4/1985, ng t vn : nu VN rt qun khi CPC, Lin X c th duy tr cn c Cam Ranh v thng 9/1986, ng tuyn b sn sng gp Gorbachov nu gii quyt vn CPC). Ngay trong khi s dng vn CPC thc y quan h vi Lin X, TQ vn rt coi trng vic tranh th M, phng Ty v ASEAN. Thng 11/1986, ng tuyn b mt chnh th cng sn khng ph hp vi CPC, ng thi TQ khng chu ni chuyn vi VN. Trc trin vng X-M, X-Trung dng vn CPC dn xp vi nhau, ASEAN cng iu chnh chnh sch gia tng i thoi vi VN v vn CPC, trong Indonesia i mnh hn c do Indonesia mun cao vai tr nc ln trong khu vc, to th i vo bnh thng ha vi TQ. T cui 1987, Thi Lan cng bt u tm kim quan h vi ta v CPC. Mt nhn t khng km phn quan trng l cc nc ng-nam cng i vo cuc chy ua v kinh t v KHKT, t u nhng nm 1980 do gi sn phm s cp gim mnh, nhiu nc kh khn ln, phi iu chnh C cu thch nghi vi tnh hnh. Nu nh trc y cc nc Ty u ng v pha ASEAN trong gii php cho vn CPC th nay tch cc tham gia, t nm 1984 Php gi t chc cuc gp Hun Sen-Sihanouk nhng khng thnh do TQ cn ph.

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c) T 1982, vi nhng chuyn bin mi trong tnh hnh quc t v sau i hi V ca ng, chnh sch ca ta v CPC cng tng bc iu chnh. Ngy 6/7/1982, Hi ngh 3 Ngoi trng VN, Lo CPC hp Vientiane tuyn b n phng rt mt b phn qun i VN CPC. Ngy 1 8/9/1982, ln u tin Hun Sen tuyn b: nu nhng ngi trong hng ng Pol Pot tuyn b ly khai chng, tn trng Hin php CHND CPC th s c hng quyn cng dn trong bu c theo Hin php qui nh v s mi ngi nc ngoi quan st cuc tng tuyn c t do CPC. Trong lc ny, nh v vic phi rt qun tnh nguyn VN CPC v nc l mt nh r rng tuy nhin vic rt qun phi trn C s gi nguyn trng CPC. Ngy 22/2/1983, Hi ngh cp cao ng Dng th Vientiane ra tuyn b v vn d qun tnh nguyn VN CPC, khng nh hng nm, mt b phn qun i VN s rt qun ty theo s pht trin ca tnh hnh CPC v Tuyn b chung ca Hi ngh tng cng hn na quan h on kt c bit gia 3 nc, quyt nh lp y ban hp tc kinh t 3 nc v Hi ngh B trng ngoi giao 3 nc 6 thng hp mt ln l nm trong C ch tng cng hp tc kinh t -vn ha-KHKT gia 3 nc. /c L Dun trong hi m cp cao ba nc pht biu i : chng ta c SEV ln ng u cn ng-nam , 3 nc chng ta hnh thnh mt SEV nh . Thng 2/1983, BCT ng Nhn dn cch mng (NDCM) CPC ra Ngh quyt ra 3 mc tiu phn u ca cch mng CPC: xy dng thc lc cch mng; lm cho ch suy tn; xy dng on kt VN -CPC, CPC-Lo. Thng 5/1983, BCT ta ra Ngh quyt 11 ch o cc ngnh, cc tnh gip CPC thc hin 3 mc tiu ni trn. Ngy 3/2/1983, /c Nguyn C Thch cng /c L c Cng (V trng V chu 2), Trn Nh Lch (th k) n thm b mt CPC. Ngy 4/2/1983, /c Thch lm vic vi BCT CPC c mt: Heng Somrin, Sai Phuthong, Bouthong, Chao Si, Hun Sen, Chia Soth, Chea Sim. Pha ta c thm /c L c Anh v /c Ng in. /c L c Anh ni: T 1979 n nay, hng nm, ty theo s pht trin ca tnh hnh CPC, s suy yu ca ch m mt b phn qun i VN rt bt. Nm 1983, ngh rt thm B t lnh Qun on, 1 s on v 5 trung on trc thuc binh on. T 1981 ta rt khng cng khai, t 1982 vic rt c kt hp vi tn cng ngoi giao v thu c kt qu tt. Ln rt ny, ngh kt hp tt vi u tranh ngoi giao. TBT Heng Somrin pht biu tn thnh nhn g ngh VN tng cng gip qun i CPC. Vic rt Qun on 4 (Binh on Cu Long), t rt qun ln nht cho n lc ny, c tin hnh vo thng 5/1983, kt hp vi tuyn truyn i ngoi, gy ting vang ln trn th gii. Cng lc ny trn chin trng CPC l bn Pol Pot gim hot ng qun s nhng y mnh xy dng chnh quyn 2 mt. in hnh l v nh ch "ngm" Siem Reap thng 5/1983, sai v phng php, phng chm, nh vo cn b CPC. Ban lnh o chuyn gia ton CPC kim im v ta thi hnh k lut: cnh co trong Ban chp hnh Trung ng ng v rt v nc /c Bi San (thng trc Ban Lnh o Tng on chuyn gia CPC), k lut lu ng v h cp /c H Quang Ho t Thiu tng xung i t. Ngy 18 -19/10/1983,
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nhn d Hi ngh ch nhim Tng cc chnh tr 3 nc, /c Chu Huy Mn v Trn Xun Bch thay mt BCT ta xin li B chnh tr CPC v s kin Siem Reap v thng bo quyt nh k lut ca pha ta. Ngy 15/6/1984, i s Ng in gp TBT Heng Somrin thng bo vic Ngoi trng Php Claude Cheysson gi th cho Ngoi trng Nguyn C Thch ngh thu xp cuc gp vi Sihanouk nhng VN khng chp nhn, ch c th cng Php thu xp cuc gp CHND CPC vi Sihanouk. Heng Somrin ni Sihanouk l k th trc mt ca CPC v l k th ca 3 nc ng Dng. Ngy 24/9/1984, /c L c Anh gp B chnh tr CPC ti Phnom Penh. /c L c Anh pht biu i : BCT VN hon ton ng h 3 mc tiu m BCT ra ngh quyt thng 2/1983 nhm xy dng lc lng cch mng CPC. Qua thc hin thy CPC c nhiu tin b. Cch mng nc no l s nghip ca bn thn nhn dn nc . Cui 1978, u 1979 do hon cnh rt c bit ca CPC, s phn bi ca ch ngha bnh trng; nhn t cch mng, nhn t nhng ngi cch mng chn chnh CPC b tn st do lc lng cch mng VN phi to iu kin cho nhn dn CPC ng ln xy dng li lc lng cch mng, to iu kin cho nhng ngi cch mng chn chnh thot khi bn tay git ngi ca Pol Pot. Do hon cnh c bit , lc u cch mng CPC phi do 2 lc lng VN- CPC quyt nh nhng lc lng quyt nh l cch mng CPC, khng ai c th lm thay... BCT VN ng h v s gip thc hin 3 mc tiu. Sau khi thc hin c 3 mc tiu , lc by gi mi tnh gii php chnh tr. Trong khi y mnh xy dng thc lc cch mng, hiu bn cht k th, chng ta c th vn dng sch lc phn ho hng ng k th, tranh th s ng tnh ca quc t c bit sch lc phi lm cho cch mng mnh ln. Trn tinh thn BCT VN tn thnh cuc gp g CHND CPC vi Sihanouk. Heng Somrin v Hun Sen pht biu nhn thc y gp Sihanouk ch d tm hiu ch cha phi l tm gii php. Cui thng 11 u thng 12/1984, Hun Sen i thm Thy in v i thm Php gp Sihanouk theo s sp xp ca Ngoi trng Php Claude Cheysson nhng cuc gp khng thnh do TQ ph. Hun Sen ch gp ngi b con tn l Hun Yendi c quan h mt thit vi In Tam, nguyn Ch tch Quc hi thi Lon Nol v t Hun Sen thit lp c quan h vi In Tam. Ngy 4/12/1984, anh Trn Xun Bch gp tay i vi Heng Somrin v ti i dch. Anh Bch thng bo Th tng Chan Sy m phi iu tr lu di Lin X do CPC nn c Quyn Th tng. Anh Bch ni Chia Soth v Buthong bn qu nn Hun Sen lm Quyn Th tng. Heng Somrin ni Hun Sen c kh nng hn, gii quyt vic nhanh hn cn Chia Soth khi bn vic hay ngang ngnh v hay qun. t lu sau , Chan Sy23 cht v ung th v Hun Sen tr thnh th tng t . Nm 1984, ta v CPC tng kt thnh tu 5 nm k t 1979), CPC rt phn khi, t tin. Cui nm 1984 u 1985, mc d rt gian kh v chu nhiu hy
23

Ch tch Hi ng B trng (th tng) nc CHND Campuchia t thng 12.1981 cho ti ngy 31.12.1984, khi cng b tin mt ti Matxkva.

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sinh, qun i VN m chin dch ma kh tn cng nh chim ton b cc cn c ca c 3 phi CPC phn ng trn ton b tuyn bin gii CPC -Thi Lan; nh chim n u ta xy dng cng trnh kin c, ro li ton b bin gii v a lc lng CPC cht gi - Lc lng CPC ny c tn gi l A.3. Trn c s thng li ln v qun s , Hi ngh 3 Ngoi trng ln th 11 ti Phnom Penh 16/8/1985 ra tuyn b nu ni dung mnh m nht v gii php chnh tr : - VN s n phng rt ht qun vo nm 1990. - CHND CPC sn sng ni chuyn vi c nhn v cc nhm Khmer i lp bn v vn ho hp dn tc trn C s loi tr bn dit chng Pol Pot. Tuy nhin, nhng c gng ca ta v m phn vi TQ, m phn v CPC vn b tc, TQ vn gi i hi cao v vn CPC. Trc i hi VI, BCT hp ngy 12/6/1986 tho lun v ngy 8/7/1986 ra Ngh quyt 32 v tnh hnh th gii v chnh sch i ngoi ca ng v Nh nc ta, nh du bc ngot trong u tranh ca ta v CPC v quan h vi TQ. Ngh quyt 32 nhn nh: "Trong cuc u tranh hin nay ca nhn dn ta, quc M l k th lu di v C bn, b quyn TQ l k th trc tip v nguy him. Nhng trong bi cnh hin nay, TQ li l i tng m Lin X, cc nc XHCN v lc lng tin b trn th gii ang tranh th ng thi c u tranh"... " Trong 10 nm qua, chng ta ginh c nhng thng li ln trn mt trn i ngoi, ng thi cng c mt s khuyt im v thiu st ". Ngh quyt ra nhim v i ngoi trong tnh hnh mi v ch trng: "Ta phi ch ng to ra th n nh tp trung vo xy dng kinh t". Ngh quyt nhn nh, do thun li trn th gii v thng li ca cuc u tranh ca ta "ang m ra kh nng mi cho php chng ta ch ng chuyn sang mt giai on u tranh mi di hnh thc cng tn ti ha bnh gia 3 nc ng Dng vi TQ, vi cc nc ASEAN, vi quc M, xy dng ng -nam thnh mt khu vc ha bnh, n nh v hp tc, to iu kin quc t thun li cho vic xy dng CNXH v bo v T quc ". Tnh hnh CPC ang c thun li, CPC ln mnh v c ch da l VN, Lo; ..."tuy nhin s nghip cch mng CPC phi do nhn dn CPC quyt nh ". Ngh quyt 32 ch trng: " gii quyt ha bnh vn CPC v ng nam , chng ta cn phi t c mt s tho thun ca cc bn c lin quan trc tip ng-nam , ng thi chng ta c th v cn ra sc li dng mu thun gia bn quc v b quyn t mt gii php c li nht cho 3 nc ng Dng. Mt gii php v CPC phi bo m gi vng thnh qu cch mng CPC v cch mng CPC phi tin ln, tng cng khi lin minh gia 3 nc vi nhau v gia 3 nc vi Lin X. .." ..."Ta cn tranh th Lin X ng h mt gii php v CPC c li cho cch mng 3 nc ng Dng. Mt khc, mt gii php v CPC m khng tnh n vai tr ca TQ l khng ph hp vi tnh hnh thc t cuc u tranh CPC v trong khu vc ng -nam . ng thi chng ta phi tnh n thc t v kinh nghim ca ng cha ta. Chng ta kin quyt chng chnh sch b quyn ca. TQ i vi ta, ng thi tranh th
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cng tn ti ha bnh vi TQ " ..."ta c th vn dng sch lc linh hot vi TQ ko TQ i vo mt gii php cng tn ti ha bnh. Lm c nh vy chng ta ch ng to c th mnh v vng chc cho cch mng 3 nc tip tc tin ln. 2.3 Giai on t 1986 n cui 1989 a) Bi cnh quc t: Quan h M-X pht trin vi cng cao, trong 6 nm 1986 - 1990 c ti 7 cuc gp cp cao i ti mt lot cc tho thun v gim chy ua v trang, thc hin Hip c INF, hp tc gii quyt cc vn khu vc (vn Afghanistan, vn CPC, bn o Triu Tin), m rng quan h song phng. Trc tnh hnh , t 1989 TQ b qua cc tr ngi, k c vn CPC bnh thng ha hon ton quan h vi Lin X. Cuc gp cp cao X -Trung thng 5/1989 bnh thng ha hon ton quan h gia Lin X v TQ, v C bn hon chnh cc din quan h tng i mt gia 3 nc ln. T sau s kin Thin An Mn, quan h gia TQ vi M v phng Ty gim xung mc thp nht k t 1979, t TQ vo th kh khn. TQ cn nhanh chng khi phc quan h vi M v phng Ty tip tc tranh th vn v k thut cho 4 hin i, ng thi ci thin th chin lc trong mi quan h gia cc nc ln. i vi cc nc lng. ging, TQ cng gc li cc vn gy cn, i vo ci thin quan h vi n , Mng C, VN.... trn C s 5 nguyn tc cng tn ti ha bnh. u nm 1988, m phn v vn CPC cng c y mnh vi mt lot cc din n thng lng: JIM (Jakarta Informal Meeting) -1 (7/1988), JIM-2 (2/1989), Hun Sen-Sihanouk (1981- 1989), Vit-Trung (l-5/1989), Hi ngh Paris (8/1989) v vic VN n phng rt B t lnh qun i v mt na s qun v nc thng 5/1988 v n phng rt ht qun khi CPC (9/1989) lm d lun quan tm hn v nguy C dit chng tr li CPC. Ni dung u tranh chnh trong thi gian ny l vn phn chia quyn lc trong thi gian qu , vn tranh ginh vai tr gia cc bn trong vic i n gii php v vai tr Lin hp quc trong mt gii php. V pha chng ta, chng ta va i gi nguyn trng chnh quyn, qun i trong thi k qu v dng vn dit chng lm cn bi mc c v vic gi nguyn trng. M t ng h ASEAN l chnh, t 6/1989 chuyn sang ch ng thc y gii php cho vn CPC (James Baker a 3 mc tiu gii php ti Brunei), ng thi tnh n quan h vi VN, ng Dng "sau CPC". T tng ch o trong chnh sch ca M l tm cch hn ch ti a v tr ca Khmer v Nh nc CPC nhng chp nhn s tn ti ca c 2 lc lng ny i trng ln nhau, ng thi c cao vai tr Sihanouk v Son San nhm tc ng vo tnh hnh CPC. S chuyn bin ca M din ra trong bi cnh Lin X ang gp nhiu kh khn ng u v trong nc, phi tp trung gii quyt vn trong nc, gim dn cam kt v buc phi tng bc rt khi cc vn khu vc, k c VN v ng Dng. Trong tnh hnh mi M c yu cu hn ch vai tr ca Lin X, ngn chn nh hng ca TQ khu vc bo v li ch
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ca M; vn CPC chn mui cho mt gii php chnh tr, nhiu nc tham gia vo gii php i hi M phi ch ng nm vn c vai tr. Trc nhng kh khn ngy cng ln trong nc, Lin X tng bc gim cam kt vi VN, CPC v mun thc y gii quyt nt vn khu vc cn tn ti l vn CPC, dng vn ny dn xp vi M v TQ. Lin X theo ui lp trng v mt gii php tha hip, vn ng h VN, CPC nhng ch n li ch ca tt c cc bn lin quan v coi trng vai tr v li ch ca TQ. TQ ng trc nhng kh khn ni b gay gt, m nh cao l s kin Thin An Mn 6/1989 lm gim st nghim trng quan h TQ vi M v phng Ty. TQ lo ngi quan h gia cc nc ng-nam vi VN chuyn theo hng khng c li cho TQ; M v phng Ty li ln n Khmer ; xu hng i thoi pht trin. TQ c bit lo ngi th 2 cc M-X gii quyt cc vn th gii. Trong vn CPC, tnh th tr nn bt li hn i vi TQ. Cc din n khu vc (JIM) v gia cc bn CPC, nht l gia Hun Sen -Sihanouk ang pht trin; VN rt ht qun khi CPC. TQ c th mt kh nng kim sot vn CPC nh trc. TQ thy cn i vo gii php chnh tr v CPC v s dng gii php chnh tr v CPC phc v li ch ca TQ khai thng quan h vi Lin X, khi phc quan h vi phng Ty nhm tranh th vn v k thut phc v cho 4 hin i v ph th 2 cc M-X, khng nh vai tr cng quc ca TQ. V vy, mt mt TQ cn ph i thoi Hun Sen-Sihanouk, din n khu vc, gy s kin Trng Sa, s kin bin gii Lo -Thi. Mt khc, dng vn CPC mc c vi Lin X v M. T 2/1989, TQ b qua vn CPC i vo cp cao vi Lin X v t 3/1989 i vo tho lun trong khun kh cc nc ln LHQ theo hng gim cam kt vi Khmer , cng M v phng Ty s dng lc lng trung gian (Sihanouk -Son San) v tm cch gt b hoc hn ch ti a v tr ca Nh nc CPC nhm to th TQ hn gn quan h vi phng Ty v li ch 4 hin i ha. i vi ta, TQ lun t gi cao: thng 10/1982 TQ ch t iu kin VN rt qun, thm ch ch cn c lch rt qun r rng v rt t u th TQ s tin hnh m phn bnh thng ha quan h Vit-Trung. Nhng thng 6/1988, sau khi ta rt 1/2 s qun v c bit sau Tuyn b 5/4/1989 v vic n phng rt ht qun vo 9/1989, TQ li t iu kin l VN phi gii quyt hu qu ca vic a qun xm lc CPC, khng phi rt l ht trch nhim, i lp Chnh ph lin hip 4 bn do Sihanouk ng u, lp qun i 4 bn ngang nhau. Trong 2 vng m phn Vit -Trung (thng 1 v 5/1989), TQ mt mc i ta phi gii quyt vn ni b CPC "hu qu ca VN xm lc CPC" ri mi bn vic ci thin quan h 2 nc v thng 6/1990 a k hoch 5 bc nhm thu tm vic gii quyt vn CPC. TQ ch chp nhn m phn vi ta sau khi tt c cc i tng chuyn ng, VN rt qun tng bc v trong m phn vi ta, TQ t u ch cui gi mt lp trng rt cng rn, khng thay i - ti mun nhn mnh khng thay i - l ta phi gii quyt vn CPC nh iu kin tin quyt ci thin quan h hai nc, VN phi rt ht qun khi CPC v phi chp nhn mt gii php chnh tr v CPC theo mun ca TQ. Trong giai on ny, cc nc ASEAN, nht l Thi Lan, c bc pht trin nhanh v kinh t, t c nhu cu bo m n nh pht trin, ng thi
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i ph kh nng X-Trung, Vit-Trung bnh thng ha quan h, dn xp gii php CPC khng c li cho h. Th tng Thi Chatichai ln cm quyn thng 8/1988 a ra chnh sch bin ng Dng t chin trng thnh th trng, lp Bn o Vng, bao gm 3 nc ng Dng, Thi Lan, Min in, ly Thi Lan lm trung tm lp mt khu vc kinh t v th trng ca t bn Thi Lan. Theo hng , Thi Lan ci thin quan h vi Lo, VN v c quan h trn thc t vi Nh nc CPC. Vi cng v l nc ln, Indonesia i din cho ASEAN a ra dn xp gii php vi VN, ng Dng, a ti cc din n JIM. Php ra sc lm trung gian dn xp cc cuc gp Hun Sen-Sihanouk Paris (12/1987, 1 v 11/1988, 7/1989) v t thng 4/1989 a ra vn hp hi ngh quc t v CPC Paris nm vai tr ng-nam . b) Din bin ca cuc u tranh: C th chia thnh 2 thi on: 1986 n thng 5/1988 khi c Ngh quyt 13 B Chnh Tr v t 5/1988 n u 1990. * Thi on 1986 - 1988: Thi k bt u m phn nhng ch mang tnh cht thm d. Ngh quyt 32 ca B Chnh tr ngy 8/7/1986 nu vn cn t gii php chnh tr v vn CPC v i vo bnh thng ha quan h vi TQ. Tuy nhin vic trin khai Ngh quyt 32 c nhng kh khn do phi chun b i hi VI. Ti i hi VI (12/1986) ta sa li ni u ca iu l ng ni v TQ, khng cn coi Trung.Quc l k th. Dp i hi VI, ba TBT VN, Lo, CPC trao i kin v nht tr cn i vo bnh thng ha quan h vi TQ. Cc /c Lo t phn khi v ch trng bnh thng ha.vi TQ, /c Kaysone [Phomvihan] cn ni: chng ta c mc tiu chung nh n su bay cng mt hng nhng c th c con bay trc, c con bay sau, ni l Lo bnh thng ha quan h vi TQ trc ri Lo thc y TQ bnh thng ha quan h vi VN. Sau i hi ng VI, ngy 7/3/1987, BCT hp xem xt n u tranh ngoi giao do B Ngoi giao trnh, nhn nh TQ c hai mt: va tn ti nhn t XHCN, va c chnh sch b quyn. nh gi v chin lc TQ i vi ng Dng, BCT nu 3 kh nng: mt l tip tc i u, hai l cng tn ti ha bnh; ba l i vo hp tc hu ngh. Trn tinh thn , ta ch trng tn cng ngoi giao trn 2 mi: ngh TQ-VN m phn b mt to khun kh cho gii php CPC, mt khc CPC ra tuyn b v chnh sch ho hp dn tc. Ta ch trng lm vi TQ l quan trng ng thi thc y cc din n khc. B Ngoi giao, trin khai u tranh cho mt gii php chnh tr v CPC, tin hnh thnh lp CP.87. /c Trn Quang C c phn cng ch o trc tip b phn ny. Thng trc gm c cc /c ng Nghim Honh, Nguyn Thng, Nguyn Phng V, Trn Xun Mn, Bi Vn Thanh v V trng mt s V trong B; gip vic c cc /c Nguyn Mnh Hng, Nguyn Ngc Trng, Nguyn Duy Hng, H Xun Sn...
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Sau cuc hp 7/3/1987 ca BCT, /c L c Th sang thm v lm vic vi Lo (t 9-16/3/1987) v cui thng 4 cng vi /c L c Anh sang CPC, trong on c cc /c Trn Quang C, Trn Xun Mn. Tip theo tin hnh hp 2 BCT Vit-Lo (9-10/5/1987) v BCT VN-CPC (12-13/5/1987) trin khai vic thc y gii php chnh tr v CPC v quan h vi TQ. n thi on ny, c th ni rng vn CPC ang i vo gii quyt, m phn m ra nhng mi bn u gi gi cao, cha tht s mun gii quyt vn . VN c yu cu bc bch l gii quyt vn CPC, bnh thng ha quan h vi TQ, ph th b bao vy c lp tp trung khc phc khng hong kinh t-x hi trong nc. Trong khi , ta c kh khn trong vic thuyt phc CPC i vo nh v m tin ti gii php chnh tr v vic gi v mt Gii php cng khng lm va lng lnh o CPC. nht qun ca lnh o CPC l mun n c bng mt gii php qun s, coi c Khmer v c Sihanouk u l i th nguy him, ch min cng tn thnh gii php chnh tr khi ta gp kin. Ni b CPC c rt nhiu tm t, lo ngi khi i vo gii php; khi bn chun b i vo gii php 4/1987, Ney Pena, U vin BCT ni lu nay CPC lm c mt s vic nhng vi iu kin c VN bn cnh, nay qun VN nh rt ht khng bit s th no. Hun Sen ni: Chng n v th chng n s lm tht nhng ngi tch cc trc ht l chng ta. Cn Bou Thong v Chia Soth ni chng n s mua chuc cn b vi gi r lm, ch cn vi "ch" cng nh ng c khi ngi. Cn v bn Lo cng khng t tm t, ngy 20/9/1987, i s Nguyn Xun t Lo v ni vi anh em ph trch V Chu 2: Lo l VN nn rt bi hc ng lp li sai lm c Genve 1954 v CPC; gii php phi bo m chc chn thnh qu cch mng CPC; cn tranh th Sihanouk phn ho hng ng i phng, nn xem li chuyn gia VN CPC c p t v thiu tn trng CPC khng ? Tuy nhin, theo s gi ca ta, ngy 30/6/1987, BCT CPC ra ngh quyt v u tranh ngoi giao, CHND CPC ra tuyn b v chnh sch ho hp dn tc (27/8/1987), ra tuyn b 5 im v lp trng v mt gii php chnh tr cho vn CPC (8/10/1987) v thnh lp nhm B.1 nh CP.87 ca ta chun b i vo gii php chnh tr. Ngy 29/7/1987, gp g gia Ngoi trng Nguyn C Thch v Ngoi trng Indonesia Moctar ti thnh ph H Ch Minh tho thun s t chc tic ru (coctail party) bn v vn ng-nam v vn CPC. Ngy 2/12/1987, Hun Sen gp Sihanouk ln u ti Fre -en-tardenois, ngoi Paris k c Thng co chung v mt gii php chnh tr cho vn CPC. Ln th 2, Hun Sen-Sihanouk li gp nhau ngy 20/1/1988 ti SaintGerman-en-Lay (Paris). Tuy nhin cc cuc gp g ny cn mang nng tnh cht thm d, kin khc nhau vn v x l Khmer , v lc lng gn gi ha bnh quc t (IPKF) v s tn ti ca Chnh ph CPC. - Thng 12/1987, BCT ta ra quyt nh s 35 v 36 v i mi quan h vi ng Lo v ng CPC, quyt nh gii tn Ban lnh o Tng on chuyn gia CPC, c vn cao cp bn cnh ng Lo v Ban cng tc min Ty. Quyt nh rt chuyn gia CPC, Lo; quan h ng s tin hnh trc tip qua i din 2 BCT, quan h Nh nc thng qua 2 i s.
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Ngy 5/1/1988, /c L c Anh i din BCT VN sang CPC b mt lm vic vi BCT ng CPC v i mi quan h, quyt nh: thi t chc chuyn gia cp cao bn cnh Trung ng ng v Nh nc CPC v i mi quan h theo tinh thn quyt nh 35, 36 s rt ht chuyn gia trong nm 1988 v gip CPC y mnh xy dng lc lng v trang CPC rt 5 vn qun CPC trong nm 1988. Ngy 3/6/1988, /c L c Anh mt ln na sang CPC lm vic vi BCT ng CPC v tho thun n thng 1/1989 s tng t rt ht chuyn gia dn s CPC v ly ngy 28/6/1988 lm mc kt thc giai on ng VN gip CPC xy dng ng, b my Nh nc v on th qun chng CPC v thng 6/1988 cng chm dt hot ng ca on chuyn gia qun s VN. Thng 7/1988, on chuyn gia i ngoi bn cnh B Ngoi giao CPC cng chm dt hot ng. Vi TQ, ngy 20/5/1987, B Ngoi giao kin ngh vi BCT cn sa i Li ni u ca Hin php on ni v TQ nhng vic trin khai thc hin c kh khn mi n ngy 28/6/1988, Quc hi mi c Ngh quyt thng qua vic ny. Ngy 26/6/1987, Ngoi trng Nguyn C Thch gp i s TQ chuyn Message Oral ca /c Phm Vn ng ngh hai nc m phn b mt. Ngy 22/8/1987, Ngoi trng TQ Ng Hc Khim ni cha tr li Message v khng mun chp nhn s vic ri CPC. Ngy 14/3/1988, TQ tn cng ta Trng Sa. Ta ra tuyn b bo v ch quyn ta, khng ai ng h k c Lo v Lin X mc d lc ny ang c cuc hp t vn ba nc ng Dng vi Lin X Phnom Penh v ta trc tip vn ng Lin X, mi n khi ta ngh thng lng, Lin X mi ng h. Cng giai on ny bt u xut hin kin v Gii php , nhng vic thc hin gp kh khn. - Cui thng 4/1987, khi /c L c th v L c Anh sang CPC lm vic vi lnh o CPC bn v gii php chnh tr k c Gii php , CPC khng n tip v chiu i; hai /c lnh o n, ti B T lnh 719. Dp ny S qun t chc chiu i, nhiu lnh o CPC nh Chea Sim, Sai Phuthong ly c "mt", au bng" t chi li mi. Ngy 22/12/1987, ta v CPC tn thnh gi ca Lin X l Lin X gi Message Oral cho Ngoi trng TQ ngh Lin X v TQ gp phn dn xp mt cuc gp g gia CHND CPC v Khmer , nu TQ ng , Lin X sn sng tip xc 2 nc cp Ngoi trng. TQ khng p ng ngh . - Ngy 30/7/1988, Hun Sen ni vi on ngoi giao Phnom Penh: Bn Khmer l th ch khng phi l ngi, chng khng thay i bn cht, nhn dn CPC khng chp nhn chng. Chng ti rt hiu Khmer , mong cc /c hiu cho, bn ny khng chi c, nu ch CPC khng thi th khng chp nhn chng. Nay ta mun gii php nn cn c TQ, do m chp nhn chng v chnh tr. Ring CPC khng c TQ cng gii quyt c... nhng CPC lin quan n xung quanh. VN cn bnh thng ho quan h vi TQ.
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Ngy 19/9/1988 Hun Sen ni ti Hi ngh ti chnh m ch chuyn gia ta l "cng sn t khuynh", l "ngi in". Ngy 12/10/1988, trao i vi anh Ng in, sau khi ph phn Lin X nhng b TQ, p CPC tho hip vi TQ, Khmer nh ng "ti phm v nn nhn", v khng tn trng cc nc bn, Hun Sen ni: "VN cng c /c ni phi nhng ci g gi th din cho Bc Kinh. Nm 1987, ti cng tnh n Gii php , bn Khmer , tr bn u s, c th tham gia, xin li vi nhn dn ri ho hp dn tc. Nay ti suy ngh nhiu, tip xc vi dn nhiu ni, trc tip gp bn Khieu Samphan, ti nhn thc r dt khot khng chi vi bn ny c, phi gii tn lc lng ca chng..." - Ngy 7/1/1989, Hun Sen xut bn quyn sch "CPC - con ng 10 nm" dnh mt on di ni v Gii php , ph phn nhng suy ngh v Gii php , cho quan im l "sai lm v nguy him", l "iu phi l v tri o c khi nh ng bn ti phm Pol Pot vi nn nhn ca bn ti phm" ri kt lun "Gii php l con ng nguy him rt ln cho nhn dn CPC, n khng th no hnh thnh c, bi v chng ta khng "" nh kiu ngi ta hiu l c th ha ng vo vi ci "" ca Pol Pot c". * Thi on 1988 n u 1990 : Giai on m phn i vo ni dung thc cht. Ngh quyt 13 BCT ngy 20/5/1988 ch trng gii quyt vn CPC trc nm 1990 v phn u bnh thng ha quan h vi TQ. Ngh quyt BCT ni r: "Phn u bnh thng ha quan h vi TQ l mt qu trnh u tranh gay go, phc tp, i hi c thi gian. Sau khi bnh thng ha, quan h 2 nc kh tr li ngay nh nhng nm 50, 60. Cuc u tranh tip tc di nhiu hnh thc khc, khng nh tnh trng i u nh hin nay... Chng ta phi lun lun cnh gic, chun b tt v mi mt khi bc vo cuc u tranh mi, lm tht bi mi m mu v th on xu hng lm suy yu ta, "din bin ha bnh", chia r, ph hoi ni b, chia r 3 nc VN, Lo, CPC ". Cn phng nga, khc phc nhng t tng lch lc: ch thy gii hn TQ l b quyn, khng thy TQ l XHCN hoc ch thy TQ l nc XHCN m khng thy b quyn, bnh trng. i vi Lo v CPC: "Vic Lo v CPC s i ln CNXH hoc pht trin theo con ng dn tc, dn ch nhn dn l do ng v nhn dn 2 nc quyt nh, ph hp vi iu kin thc t v nguyn vng nhn dn nc "... "Vn CPC phi gii quyt vi TQ nhng cho n nay TQ cha mun trc tip gii quyt vi ta vn CPC. V vy, ta cn tip tc kin tr m ra nhiu hng khc nhau (Hun Sen -Sihanouk, VN-Indonesia, VN-Thi Lan, ASEANng Dng, VN -M...) thc y v ko TQ vo gii quyt. D gii quyt trc tip vi TQ hay vi cc i tng khc th vic gii quyt vn CPC cng phc v mc tiu bnh thng ha vi TQ, khng nhm chng TQ".
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Thc hin Ngh quyt 13 BCT, ta c mt lot hot ng rt quan trng thc y gii quyt vn CPC v phn u bnh thng ha quan h vi TQ. Vi Trung Quc Thc hin Ngh quyt 32 v ngh quyt i hi VI t 1986, ta c nhiu hnh ng thin ch gim cng thng trong quan h Vit-Trung, thi coi TQ "l k th trc tip, nguy him ", c nhiu ng tc quan trng chng t ta khng tip tc chng TQ v phn u bnh thng ha vi TQ, kin tr ngh m phn (t khi TQ ct vng 2 m phn Vit-Trung Bc Kinh 6/3/1980 n cui 1986 ta 16 ln gi cng hm v th ngh hp li vng 3 v m phn b mt) nhng TQ u bc b. - Ngy 28/6/1988, Quc hi c ngh quyt v ngy 27/12/1988, Quc hi chnh thc thng qua Li ni u ca Hin php sa i on ni v TQ. - Ngy 15/7/1988, Ngoi trng Nguyn 'C Thch gp i s TQ nu mt lot bin php gim cng thng quan h 2 nc; chm dt hot ng v trang trn bin gii t lin v hi o, khng bn no ng im cao trn ng bin, gim qun v pha sau trnh xung t, im nng V Xuyn cng lm nh vy, to iu kin cho dn bin gii qua li thm h hng, hai bn chm dt tuyn truyn chng i nhau, v ngh hai bn m phn bt c cp no k c cp cao, bt c lc no, u, b mt hoc cng khai. V sau , ta n phng thc hin nhng ngh ni trn (2/8/1988), Ban Tuyn hun Trung ng ra thng t 94 v hng dn tuyn truyn vi TQ; m mt s ca khu cho dn bin gii qua li thm nhau v trao i hng thit yu hng ngy... - Ngy 7/10/1989, ng Tiu Bnh tip /c Kaysone [Phomvihan], TBT Lo, sang thm chnh thc TQ bnh thng ha quan h hai ng, hai nc khi cp vn bnh thng ha quan h vi VN, ng ch nu iu kin l VN rt ht qun. Ngy 6/11/1989, B trng Nguyn C Thch gp i s Trng c Duy24 chuyn thng ip ming ca TBT Nguyn Vn Linh gi ng Tiu Bnh mong bnh thng ha quan h 2 ng, 2 nc, mong gp ng. TQ khng tr li. Ngy 28/11/1989, B trng B Ngoi giao Nguyn C Thch gi th cho B trng B Ngoi giao [TQ] Tin K Tham nhc li thng ip ming ca TBT Nguyn Vn Linh v khng nh VN sn sng gp li TQ cp B trng hoc Th trng trong thng 12/1989 . Ngy 12/12/1989, i s TQ Trng c Duy gp B trng Nguyn C Thch thng bo thng ip ming ca ng Tiu Bnh gi /c Nguyn Vn Linh: "VN rt qun sch s, trit v lp chnh ph lin hip lm thi 4 bn do Sihanouk ng u l hai vn ht nhn thit thc cn ng thi gii quyt. Pha TQ s suy xt d ngh ca VN v m vng thng lng cp Th trng, nu VN chp nhn mt c ch gim st quc t do Lin hp quc ch tr c 4 bn tham gia kim chng VN rt qun v lp chnh ph lin hip lm thi 4 bn do Sihanouk ng u trong giai on qu ".

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/Zhang Dewei (1988.12-1993.02)

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Sau Ngh quyt 13 BCT v iu chnh ca TQ Hi ngh BCT [CS TQ ti] Bc i H thng 9/1988, ta v TQ tin hnh hai vng m phn cp Th trng ngoi giao Bc Kinh (16/1/1989; 8-10/5/1989). Trong 2 vng m phn ny, ta ch trng ch bn mt quc t ca vn CPC cn TQ i phi bn c mt ni b v t iu kin c gii quyt xong vn CPC mi bn bnh thng ha quan h 2 nc. m phn khng kt qu. Nh trn va ni, thng 12/1989 ta ngh ni li m phn, TQ t iu kin VN rt qun "sch s", lp chnh ph 4 bn do Sihanouk ng u, nhn Lin hip quc gim st th TQ "s suy xt" ngh ca VN v ni li m phn cp Th trng. Trong tnh hnh b tc , t 3-9/5/1990, Th trng inh Nho Lim i Bc Kinh "kim tra cng tc s qun" v thc cht tin hnh vng 3 m phn. Trong ln m phn ny, ta t mm do hn l c th trao i kin v mt gii php ton din nhng khng th quyt nh v vn ni b CPC. m phn vng 3 c mt s tin trin, TQ i 4 bn nhng khng i ngang nhau, khng i chnh ph lm thi nhng i Hi ng ti cao mang tnh cht chnh ph; v dit chng, ta tn thnh khng ni qu kh nhng phi cp v tng lai; hai bn hn gp tip thng 6/1990 H Ni. V vn Campuchia - Thc hin Ngh quyt 13 ca BCT, ta v bn tho thun rt ht chuyn gia qun s dn s CPC v nc, thng 5/1988 tuyn b rt 5 vn qun trong nm 1988 v ngy 5/4/1989 tuyn b n phng rt ht qun vo thng 9/1989. Nhn y cng ni thm rng gia /c TBT Nguyn Vn.Linh v /c Nguyn C Thch c kin khng hon ton ging nhau v vn rt qun: /c Thch mun rt qun gn vi gii php chnh tr, t nht l c tha thun quc t v chm dt vin tr qun s cho cc bn CPC lm con bi mc c, cn /c Nguyn Vn Linh thy khng cn. Dp /c Linh sang thm Lin X ngy 20/7/1988, /c Linh ni vi Lin X rng VN s rt ht qun vo thng 9/1989 nhng khng ni iu kin, Lin X a cng khai iu ny. Ngy 6/1/1989, sang CPC d 10 nm gii phng CPC, cng i c /c Trn Quang C, /c Nguyn Vn Linh pht biu trong mt tinh Hi trng Bassac: "Hm nay, VN tuyn b hon ton nht tr vi CHND CPC v quyt nh rt ton b s qun tnh nguyn VN cn li ra khi CPC vo thng 9/1989. Vic rt ht qun VN khi CPC phi t song song vi vic chm dt vin tr qun s ca nc ngoi cho tt c cc bn CPC, chm dt s dng lnh th nc ngoi lm t thnh chng li nhn dn CPC. Nhng iu tho thun ny phi c tin hnh di s kim sot quc t c hiu qu ". Khi a tin, ta c gn v rt qun vi chm dt vin tr qun s, thc cht Anh Linh khng gn 2 vn ny; mi n 5/4/1989, Chnh ph ta mi ra tuyn b rt qun n phng vo 9/1989. Vic VN quyt nh rt ht qun VN khi CPC c tc ng thc y m phn, tip theo m ra hng lot din n v gii php CPC: JIM -1 (7/1988), vng 3 Hun Sen-Sihanouk (11/1988), Nhm lm vic ca JIM (l0/1988), JIM -2
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(2/1989), vng 4-5-6 Hun Sen- Sihanouk (4 v 7/1989, 2/1990), v cc din n Vit-M, Vit- Thi, CPC-Thi. nh cao ca cc din n l Hi ngh quc t Paris thng 7/1989. Ti Hi ngh, pha bn kia i VN rt qun, xa b Nh nc CPC; pha ta mt mc i phi loi tr vnh vin bn dit chng; pha bn kia ln n VN xm lc CPC, a ngi VN nh c n xm chim CPC (colons vietnamiens), i gii tn nh nc v qun i CPC v Hi ngh khng i n kt qu no. Hi ngh quc t Paris ko di t 30/7 n 31/8/1989 nhng khng thnh cng l do nhiu nguyn nhn. TQ v 3 phi CPC ch mun gii quyt vn CPC trn c s xo b Nh nc CPC, mt khc TQ cn hy vng lm thay i tnh hnh sau khi VN rt ht qun thng 9/1989. V pha Nh nc CPC, sau chuyn i Thi Lan ngy 25/1/1989 ca Hun Sen theo li mi ca Th tng Chatichai v tip xc vi nhm Chaovalt t thng 6/1988, CPC c phn o tng Thi Lan v nh gi khng ng lc lng ca bn thn mnh nn Hi ngh Trung ng ln th 9 t 30/6 n 5/7/1989 ngay trc Hi ngh quc t Paris thng 7/1989 quyt tm n c bng mt gii php qun s; Ngh quyt ni: "i vi gii php chnh tr cho vn CPC, mi c gng ca ta u t trong phm vi khng c gii php ". Ngy 12/7/1989, /c Trn Quang C sang CPC thng bo gi ca ta v u tranh ti (vng 5 Hun Sen-Sihanouk; Hi ngh quc t Paris), Hun Sen pht biu trong cuc hp BCT nghe /c C trnh by: "Ngh quyt 9 h quyt tm khng c gii php chnh tr nhng bn ngoi vn phi t thin ch phn u cho mt gii php v mt quc t. Khng ngi ni chin. S khng nhc li vic m rng chnh ph mi Sihanouk tr v m ch nu phng n lp H Ha hp Dn tc v nghi lp U ban d tho Hin php chun b cho Quc hi tng lai gi cu vi Sihanouk trong cuc gp ti vi Sihanouk ". Lc ny tnh hnh ng u cng bt u din bin phc tp m u bng vic Cng on on kt ln cm quyn Ba Lan, lm tng thm lc cn ca pha ta v vic i vo gii php chnh tr cho vn CPC. Ngy 10/8/1989, Hun Sen ( Phnom Penh) li in cho Anh Thch Paris l: Vn m rng chnh ph cho Sihanouk tr v l vn sch lc u tranh phn ho k th. Nu Sihanouk chp nhn tho lun, chng ta s a ra nhng i hi cao hn na, trc ht l xo Pol Pot v thm ch i n i xo lc lng Sihanouk v nu cn thit s a ra nhng i hi khc ngn chn vai tr ca Sihanouk hoc ngn khng cho Sihanouk tr v. V pha VN, mc d c Ngh quyt 13 BCT nhng khi thc hin c nhiu trc trc, kin khc nhau v chng ta cng cn mun n c CPC nh Ngh quyt 13 ni: mt gii php chnh tr v CPC "phi bo m thnh qu cch mng CPC. Trong m phn v gii php CPC lc ny, chng ta gi 3 nguyn tc: bo v thnh qu cch mng CPC, kin quyt loi dit chng Pol Pot; khng chp nhn lc lng gn gi ha bnh IPKF. Chng ta ch trng mm do trn 3 im: thnh phn Chnh ph lin hip; gi nguyn trng; chp nhn U ban quc t v kim sot gim st. Mt khc, trong lc ny chng ta nh gi qu cao thnh tu t c mi khi c nhng tin trin nht nh v m phn, c th nh:
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- Gp g /c Nguyn C Thch v Ngoi trng Indonesia thnh ph HCM 29/7/1987 tho thun v "tic ru". Ti JIM -1 (7/1988), ta t c ghi vo Tuyn b ca Ch tch l khng dit chng tr li. Chng ta nhn nh vi vic rt 5 vn qun thng 5/1988, cuc u tranh v CPC " thay i tnh cht t ch i VN rt qun sang i ngn chn nguy c dit chng tr li CPC"... " a n s tp hp lc lng mi c li cho 3 nc ". n u tranh t thng 9/1988 n cui nm 1988 nhn nh "c 4 kh nng gii quyt vn CPC: a) Mt gii php ton din bao gm mt ni b v quc t; b) Mt gii php bao gm ton b mt quc t v ch mt phn mt ni b; c) Mt gii php v mt quc t, mt ni b gii quyt sau; d) VN rt ht qun n phng vo nm 1990 v khng c gii php chnh tr. Kh nng no cng c mt li, mt phc tp. Tu tnh hnh s tnh."... "Mc tiu chnh ca ta l: vn mu cht l tng cng lc lng cch mng CPC... lm tan r trn thc t lin hip 3 phi, c lp lm suy yu lc lng Khmer " Ngy 16/10/1988, i s Nguyn Xun trao i vi /c Kaysone Phomvihan v n ny th /c Kaysone ni: "iu quyt nh l lc lng cch mng CPC. Nu VN rt qun m CPC ng vng c th khng cn gii php chnh tr". Lc ny c nhn t mi l Chatichai25 ln cm quyn Thi, ch trng bin ng Dng t chin trng thnh th trng; ngy 28/10/1988, Lo thu xp Hun Sen b mt gp Tng Chaovalt 26 Vientiane (v Chaovalt cng gp /c Trn Vn Quang, Th trng B Quc phng), Hun Sen-Chaovalt tho thun c ch gi lin lc 2 bn; thng 1/1989, Chatichai mi Hun Sen thm chnh thc Thi; VN rt 5 vn qun nhng tnh hnh CPC khng thay i ln. Tnh hnh cng c thm nh VN rt qun, khng c gii php m CPC vn ng vng. Ngy 11/2/1989, BCT hp cho kin v n u tranh ngoi giao trong thi gian ti. n nhn nh "hin nay mt quc t ca vn CPC c bn c gii quyt ng thi c nhiu thun li gn vic gii quyt vn CPC vi vic lp khu vc ha bnh, t do, trung lp ng-nam ", nhn nh v 4 kh nng gii quyt vn CPC (nh n thng l0/1988). Khi xin kin, /c Phm Vn ng pht biu vi /c Nguyn Dy Nin ngy 10/2/1989 nh sau: "Cn tnh kh nng rt qun 9/1989. Trong tnh hnh ny phi tnh ni chuyn vi TQ. m phn VN-TQ lc ny l quan trng. Ta ng n mt th din. Xem c th i nhanh v bnh thng ha quan h. Ta hiu TQ, bit h l bnh trng, bit m mu ca h. bit th khng ngi". Tuy nhin ngy 16/2/1989, /c Nguyn C Thch sang CPC hp 3 B trng ngoi giao chun b cho JIM 2, /c Thch bo co vi BCT CPC v chin lc u tranh cho thi gian ti. /c Thch trnh by: "Thng 7/1988, chng ta nh gi rng c 4 kh nng, ng thi nht tr cho rng kh nng th t, khng c gii php, l khng c li cho chng ta. Lc cng thy rng tt nht l gii quyt mt quc t, cn mt ni b th gi nguyn.
General Chatchai Choonhavan (Thai: , 5 April 19206 May 1998) was the Prime Minister of Thailand from 19881991. 26 General Chavalit Yongchaiyudh (Thai , born May 15, 1932) is a Thai politician, General, Defence Minister, Deputy Prime Minister and Thailand's 22nd Prime Minister from (1996-1997).
25

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By gi chng ti cng ngh rng tt nht l gii php b phn, nhng so vi thng 7/1988 th by gi tnh hnh c khc. By gi khng c gii php khng phi l xu. V trc kia Thi Lan l t thnh, nay Thi Lan khc ri, TQ cng khc nn nu khng c gii php chng ta vn s rt qun m khng s. Khng c gii php th mnh n c. Cho nn by gi chng ti cho rng gii php b phn l tt, nhng khng c gii php cng khng phi l xu... Sau khi VN rt ht qun m khng c gii php chnh tr th Sihanouk v Son San c th phi xin v tham gia CHND CPC, ch khng phi i xa CHND CPC na. C th cc /c nn tnh sau khi VN rt ht qun th Quc hi CHND CPC nn ra tuyn b v nn trung lp vnh vin ca CPC "... "Hin nay chng ta ang chuyn sang giai on u tranh mi. Chng ta phi tranh th nhng nhn t, ng thi phi cng c lc lng" ... "Chng ta u ht sc phn khi trc nhng thng li ca cch mng CPC. Mt nm trc y chng ta khng ngh c rng tnh hnh s thun li nh th ny". Ngy 30/4/1989, Quc hi CPC ra tuyn b v nn trung lp vnh vin ca CPC v i tn t CHND CPC thnh Nh nc CPC (Etat du Cambodge v State of Cambodia) theo yu cu ca Sihanouk. Ngy 2/5/1989, tin hnh vng 3 Hun Sen- Sihanouk ti Jakarta (Indonesia) t kt qu, Sihanouk ha s tr v CPC sau khi VN rt qun, thi i gii tn CHND CPC. Trc tnh hnh , Hi ngh Trung ng 9 ng CPC ra ngh quyt n c bng gii php qun s (5/7/1989) v Hi ngh quc t Paris v CPC thng 7/1989 tht bi. - Sau tht bi Hi ngh quc t Paris, tm mt gii php ton b, nhng c gng t gii php tng bc (sng kin ca Chatichai v kim chng rt qun VN (9/1989), nhn chuyn thm Thi Lan ln th 2 ca Hun Sen, tuyn b ca Ngoi trng X-M ngy 23/9/1989 v moratorium [nh hon] vic cung cp vin tr cho cc bn CPC...) u khng t kt qu. Cuc sc trn chin trng CPC cho thy khng bn no CPC c th ginh thng li hon ton bng qun s. 4 ngy sau khi VN rt qun, lc lng Son San nh chim Thmar Pouk27; ngy 22/1 0/1989, Khmer nh chim Pailin28 v uy hip th x Battambang, ta phi a lc lng c bit ln gip bn. Cng t thi gian ny, ni b ta li bc l ra nhng khc bit v nhn nh nh gi tnh hnh trc nhng chuyn bin nhanh chng ng u. Ngh quyt 13 ch trng thc y gii php chnh tr cho vn CPC v bnh thng ha quan h vi TQ c Ngh quyt Trung ng 6 khng nh li. Nhng trong qu trnh thc hin gp khng t kh khn, c bit l trong thi x l quan h vi TQ. Sau s kin Trng Sa (14/3/1988) v vic TQ tip tc gy cng thng trong quan h vi ta, bc b cc ngh ci thin quan h ca ta, gia cc ngnh xut hin nhiu kin khc nhau, v khng kh chung l khng thun li cho vic bnh thng ha quan h vi TQ theo Ngh quyt 13 ca BCT. Mt s kin cho rng, trong khi TQ ang chng ta thng qua vn CPC v tm cch ln chim bin gii 2 qun o ca ta, vic ta rt qun khi
27 28

district in Banteay Meanchey Pailin is a city (krong) in the west of Cambodia near the border of Thailand. Pailin is a major Khmer Rouge strongpoint and resource center.

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CPC, sa iu l ng, sa Hin php... l s hy sinh ch quyn lnh th ca t nc, ch trng ca BCT v gim tuyn truyn chng i nhau cng khng c thc hin y ; thm ch cn c kin cho rng ngoi giao hu khuynh trong quan h vi TQ. Mt khc, trong Trung ng, mt s ngnh v ngay trong BCT cng bt u xut hin mt s kin khc nhau v nh gi s kin Thin An Mn (6/1989), nh gi TQ cng nh nh gi Lin X-ng u. Ti Hi ngh Trung ng 7, kin rt khc nhau v thi ca ta khi Cng on on kt ln cm quyn Ba Lan (7/1989), bo Nhn dn c x lun v s kin ny. Trong hi ngh Trung ng 8 (27/3/1990), mt s kin t vn v s ng n ca Ngh quyt 13 v nhng bc i ca ta vi TQ v trong vn CPC. Tuy nhin, s khc nhau cha bc l r nt. Trung ng v BCT vn khng nh Ngh quyt 13 l ng n, /c TBT Nguyn Vn Linh pht biu v vn ny ti Hi ngh Trung ng 8 (26/3/1990) khi tip thu kin ph bnh ca Trung ng i vi BCT. n u nm 1990, nhng kin khc nhau trong BCT t gia nm 1989 bc l r nt hn. C kin nhn mnh mt XHCN ca TQ v thy cn phi hp tc vi TQ bo v XHCN chng M v cc th lc quc khc, nht l t sau s kin Thin An Mn, sau khng hong trm trng ca Lin X, Ba Lan, c, Rumani v cc nc ng u khc. T nhng cch nh gi dn n kin khc nhau v phng hng u tranh cho mt gii php chnh tr v CPC. S tht l: Ngy 11/11/1989, BCT hp bn v thng qua n u tranh ngoi giao v vn CPC. Trn c s nh gi tnh hnh qun s, chnh tr trn chin trng v xu th chung trn th gii, ta ch trng cn phn u t mt gii php chnh tr v CPC, ra 3 phng n v C quan quyn lc CPC trc tng tuyn c (thp nht l gi nguyn b my 2 chnh ph ang tn ti, lp Chnh ph lin hip hai bn Trung ng t chc tng tuyn c v thc hin nhng iu tho thun). Ngy 24/11/1989, Ngoi trng Australia Gareth Evans a ra sng kin dng cng thc Namibia trng vn quyn lc CPC trong thi k qu , Lin hp quc kim sot v t chc tng tuyn c. Ngy 2/12/1989, /c Nguyn C Thch, theo ch th ca BCT, sang bn vi BCT CPC, phn tch cuc chin tranh CPC l mt cuc ni chin, VN khng th a qun tr li, tnh cht quc t ca vn CPC, xu th ca th gii v bn vi bn cn u tranh t mt gii php chnh tr ginh thng li tng bc. BCT CPC hon ton nht tr vi 3 phng n trn, ng thi ng vi kin /c Thch cn nghin cu vic s dng vai tr Lin hp quc nh sng kin ca Ngoi trng Australia G. Evans ngy 24/11/1989. Phi ni thm rng /c Thch khi trn my bay sang Phnom Penh mi c th ca Evans v sng kin 24/11/1989 v n ni, /c Thch sa li bn trnh by tinh thn nh BCT cho kin 11/11/1989 nhng thm phng n s dng vai tr Lin hp quc. V pha nhng ngi CPC, khi thy c phng n Lin hp quc th h bp ngay cho l Lin hp quc t phc tp v nguy him hn l lin minh vi
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lc lng CPC i lp. /c Thch ni phng n Lin hp quc cn xin thm kin BCT VN. Hi ngh BCT ta hp 14h30' ngy 6/12/1989 c mt C vn Phm Vn ng v 7 U vin BCT: V Ch Cng, Mi, Nguyn c Tm, Trn Xun Bch, ng S Nguyn, Nguyn C Thch v o Duy Tng (lc ny /c Nguyn Vn Linh ang ngh m do b cm lnh khi i d Quc khnh CHDC c thng l0/1989) bn v sng kin ca Australia v nht tr ngoi 3 phng n BCT cho kin ngy 11/11/1989, thm phng n s dng vai tr Lin hp quc thnh 4 phng n. Ngy 9/12/1989, /c L Mai va kt thc nhim k i s Thi Lan v c u nhim sang Phnom Penh trao i vi BCT CPC v BCT CPC hon ton ng vi kin BCT ta. BCT CPC triu tp k hp Trung ng ln th 10 t ngy 10-15/1/1990 bn i vo gii php chnh tr v ngy 18/1/1990, Quc hi CPC hp thng qua vic Lin hp quc t chc tng tuyn c v u quyn cho Hun Sen m phn v vn ny. - Vi TQ: Bng ngh quyt 13 BCT, vi nhng ng tc quan trng ca ng v Nh nc ta trong quan h Vit -Trung (sa li ni u ca iu l ng (12/1986), sa Hin p hp (6/12/1988) khng cn coi TQ l k th trc tip v nguy him, gim tuyn truyn chng TQ, m ca bin gii, VN n phng ri c 2 bn chm dt hot ng qun s trn bin gii, tuyn b ni lng trong vic s dng cng Cam Ranh... trn thc t ta n phng gii quyt ht nhng iu m TQ cho ta l dng chng TQ. C th ni n thng 12/1988, TQ khng cn l do g ni VN c nhng chnh sch v hnh ng chng TQ, mt trong hai vn TQ coi l VN chng TQ t 10 nm qua khng tn ti na. Tn ti l vn CPC. Vic VN tuyn b rt 5 vn qun bng 1/2 s qun cn li CPC v rt B T lnh qun tnh nguyn VN CPC (thng 5/1988) lm tc ng mnh m xu hng thc y mt gii php cho vn CPC, cc nc ln do li ch ca mnh khng mun VN rt qun m khng c gii php, duy tr nguyn trng CPC, chnh v vy phng Ty c thi mm do hn, p ng phn no yu cu ca pha ta trn vn dit chng. Tuyn b ca Ngoi trng M Hi ngh PMC ASEAN 9/7/1988 Bangkok a n kt qu cuc gp khng chnh thc v CPC Jakarta 25/7/1988 (JIM -1) khng nh c 2 vn trong gii php cho vn CPC l rt qun VN i i vi vic ngn chn vic phc hi ch dit chng Pol Pot. Chuyn bin ca th gii i vi vn CPC, s thay i trong quan h X-M trong quan h quc t v trong vic gii quyt cc vn quc t a n vic TQ iu chnh chnh sch i ngoi ca mnh th hin Hi ngh BCT Bc i H thng 9/1988. Vi VN, TQ tng bc ho du trong quan h trn thc t (gim cng thng trn bin gii, trao i hng ho v i li thm hi, lm n bin gii theo ngh ca lnh o ta qua tip xc gia Ngoi trng Nguyn C Thch v i s TQ ngy 15/7/1988) v chp nhn i vo m phn cp Th trng Ngoi giao vi ta trao i v vn CPC v quan h hai nc. Tuy nhin TQ vn coi vn CPC l iu kin tin quyt ci thin quan h Vit-Trung. Mt mt TQ duy tr "3 tr ngi" mc c trong ci thin quan h vi Lin X mt khc TQ t thm iu kin v vn CPC trong ci
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thin quan h vi VN. Cn nhc li rng thng 10/1982 trong m phn X Trung v trong tuyn b chnh thc ca B Ngoi giao TQ ngy 1/3/1983, TQ ch t iu kin VN rt qun, thm ch ch cn c lch rt qun r rng th TQ s tin hnh m phn i n bnh thng ha quan h Vit- Trung. T 6/1988 khi VN rt 1/2 s qun v B T lnh qun tnh nguyn VN CPC, c bit sau tuyn b 5/4/1989 ca VN, CPC n phng rt qun tnh nguyn VN v nc vo thng 9/1989, TQ li t thm iu kin l VN "phi gii quyt hu qu ca VN a qun xm lc CPC" khng phi VN rt ht qun l xong trch nhim, i VN phi lp Chnh ph lin hip lm thi 4 bn do Sihanouk lm Ch tch v phi chp nhn b my gim st ca Lin Hp quc (trong khi Lin hp quc ng h Khmer gi gh Lin Hp quc v ra nhiu ngh quyt bt li cho VN) kim chng VN rt "ht mi loi lc lng VN CPC lm iu kin ni li m phn bnh thng ha quan h vi VN. Trong khi m phn TQ mt mc i VN phi gii quyt vn ni b CPC "hu qu ca VN xm lc CPC" th TQ mi bn vic ci thin quan h 2 nc. (Tuyn b ca B Ngoi giao TQ ngy 1/7/1988 sau khi VN rt 5 vn qun). Trong khi , cch x s ca TQ vi Lin X th khc hn. Thng 5/1989, trong khi "3 tr ngi" trong quan h Trung-X cha c gii quyt TQ vn n TBT Gorbachov thm chnh thc TQ, ci thin quan h c v mt ng v Nh nc vi Lin X. Thng 10/1989, khi TBT Lo Kaysone Phomvihan thm TQ, ng Tiu Bnh chuyn message oral cho TBT Nguyn Vn Linh ch nu yu cu VN rt qun nhng ngy 6/11/1989 khi TBT Nguyn Vn Linh gi message oral by t mong mun bnh thng ha quan h vi TQ, ngh tip xc cp cao vi TQ th ngy 12/12/1989 tr li message oral TQ li t thm iu ki n VN p Phnom Penh lp Chnh ph lin hip lm thi 4 bn do Sihanouk ng u v chp nhn Lin Hp quc gim st thi hnh Hip nh th TQ mi "suy xt" vic m phn cp Th trng ngoi giao vi VN. 4. Giai on t u 1990 n cui 1991: Cc nc ln p t gii php v Campuchia v Vit Nam khng kim sot c vn Campuchia na. T u nm 1990, m u cho thi k ho hon gia 3 nc ln m ch yu l s hp tc X-M, ng thi m u cho vic 3 nc ln dng c ch 5 nc thng trc HBA (P.5) gii quyt vn CPC v vn vng Vnh. y l chuyn bin rt quan trng, t ch 3 nc ln trao i tng cp vi nhau v vn CPC, nay hnh thnh c ch 5 nc p t gii php vo CPC theo s tha hip li ch ca h vi nhau. Vic ta v CPC chp nhn s dng vai tr Lin hp quc v xem xt sng kin ca Australia gii quyt vn phn chia quyn lc b b tc Hi ngh quc t Paris mt ln na thc y mnh m cc din n gii quyt vn CPC: B th thng trc Australia Costello thm CPC v VN 7/1/1990, Informal meeting on Cambodia (IMC) (Jakarta 26/2/1990), cc cuc hp 5 nc Hi ng Bo an, vng 6 Hun Sen-Sihanouk (Bangkok.- 22/2/1990). Ti IMC 26-28/2/1990, mt ln na vn dit chng ngn cn mi tho thun,
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Khmer ph quyt d tho tho thun c ghi vn dit chng, IMC tht bi; /c Thch gp Ngoi trng Indonesia Ali Alatas vi s c mt ca hu ht cn b ch cht ca B Ngoi giao Indonesia, /c Thch ph phn rt mnh Alatas nhu nhc, dung tng cho Khieu Samphan, Alatas b b mt, quan h ca Alatas vi /c Thch xu hn i. - Tht bi ca Mt trn gii phng Sandino trong bu c Nicaragua 25/2/1990 v tht bi ca cuc hp IMC -Jakarta (28/2/1990) tc ng mnh m vo ni b ta v phng hng gii quyt vn CPC. Ngy 8 v 10/3/1990, /c L c Th gp /c Nguyn C Thch, inh Nho Lim, Trn Quang C nu kin: "cn c chuyn hng chin lc trong u tranh v vn CPC. Kinh nghim Genve 1954, Paris 1973 l phi m phn vi lc lng mnh nht, ch yu nht. CPC, phi gii quyt vi TQ, nu khng gii quyt vi TQ th khng gii quyt c. Hng ti l nn bn vi TQ gii quyt, khng th gt Khmer , cn mm do v vn dit chng, khng th chp nhn Lin hp quc t chc tng tuyn c CPC. Cn mm do v vn dit chng, khng th gt Khmer . C th a ra 2 phng n cao thp: lp H Dn tc Ti cao 4 bn c h thng dc hoc Chnh ph lin hip lm thi 2 bn gm 4 phi t chc tng tuyn c v son tho Hin php. Lin hp quc ch gim st v kim sot thi hnh Hip nh. Trc i hi VII, phi gii quyt mt bc c bn vn CPC khai thng vn i ngoi cng vn i ni khc, to khng kh phn khi chung. Lin X, ng u kh khn; Lo i vi TQ, ta gii quyt c vi TQ l ph hp nht." T 8-20/3/1990, TBT Heng Somrin i ngh H Ni c dp gp g /c Phm Vn ng, Nguyn Vn Linh, L c Th, L c Anh trao i v tnh hnh Lin X ng u, Nicaragua, tnh hnh CPC. /c Nguyn Vn Linh, L c Anh nu phi cnh gic vi Lin hp quc, khng th Lin hp quc t chc tng tuyn c CPC. T y CPC chuyn sang phng n SNC t chc tng tuyn c, khng tn thnh Lin hp quc t chc tng tuyn c. Hi ngh BCT ta ngy 10/4/1990 bn v phng hng thc y gii php chnh tr v vn CPC. Hi ngh BCT thy khng nn giao cho Lin Hp quc t chc tng tuyn c m nn tr li phng n 3 m BCT thng qua 11/11/1989 (lp Chnh ph lin hip 2 bn Trung ng t chc tng tuyn c). Trong hi ngh, /c TBT Nguyn Vn Linh c kin: " VN, TQ l hai nc XHCN cng chng m mu quc xo b XHCN, phi cng chng quc, trc ht phi pht trin quan h 2 nc, cc vn khc gii quyt sau ... "Mt CPC thn thin vi TQ, thn thin vi VN l tt nht. Trn c s im ng ny m gii quyt vn CPC c li cho CPC "'. "Phng n 3 l tt, khng Lin Hp quc nhng tay vo v Lin Hp quc l M; Thi Lan l M. Hi ngh BCT quyt nh c /c Nguyn C Thch i CPC bn vi BCT CPC. (Ngy 17/4/1990, /c Thch sang CPC thng bo, BCT CPC khng tn thnh.) - Ngy 20-21/5/1990, nhn dp k nim 100 nm ngy sinh H Ch tch, TBT VN, Lo, CPC hp hp dnh nhiu thi gian phn tch tnh hnh th gii, m mu ca quc chng CNXH, v nhng bin i phc tp Lin X, ng u. Ba /c TBT trao i thy cn thc hin Gii php CPC. Pha
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CPC ngh v nc xin kin tp th BCT BCT CPC quyt nh ri s thng bo cho VN VN thm d TQ. Heng Somrin v Phnom Penh Hun Sen ch H Ni. Ngy 26/5/1990, Sar Kheng29 ra H Ni bo co Hun Sen kin BCT CPC, ngy 27/5/1990 Hun Sen ln lt lm vic ring vi /c Mi, L c Anh, Nguyn C Thch thng bo BCT CPC hp b phiu 10/16 tn thnh Gii php . Nh phn trn trnh by thc cht Nh nc CPC mun n c bng mt gii php qun s, coi c Khmer v Sihanouk u l i th nguy him. Vic VN thuyt phc CPC v CPC chp nhn i vo gii php chnh tr l iu min cng v khi c iu kin th CPC tr li ch trng ginh thng li bng mt gii php qun s, in hnh l quyt tm ca Hi ngh Trung ng ng CPC ln th 9 (7/1989). T khi VN rt ht qun khi CPC, quan h CPC vi VN chuyn sang giai on mi. Cng i gn vo gii php th li ch ca CPC v li ch ca ta n gy cng knh nhau ln. Ngay khi kim im rt ht chuyn gia v Ban lnh o on chuyn gia CPC (6/1988), nhng ngi lnh o CPC bc l ngay phn ng, bc l kin khc ta, cho ta l p t v vn cn b CPC, hu qu CPC phi gnh chu, cho VN l "cng sn t khuynh" "ngi in" "duy ch" bng vic p t CPC chuyn gia giai on "qu i ln CNXH" trong khi CPC khng c c s g ca CNXH30. Ngay sau khi ta rt ht chuyn gia (thng 8/1988) CPC thay i ngay hng lot cn b lnh o cp cao k c chc v thng trc Ban B th Trung ng ng v tin hnh Hi ngh cn b ng ton quc xc nh li giai on l CPC phi hon thnh cch mng dn tc dn ch nhn dn ch khng phi bc vo thi k qu i ln CNXH nh VN gp kin ng thi thay i hng lot chnh sch kinh t theo hng kinh t th trng t do; Mt khc CPC "thanh ton sng phng mi n nn" vi VN: gi cng hm xo b vic VN n go v tin (831.790.000 riels) nui qun tnh nguyn VN trong 10 nm chin u CPC (16/7/1988 v 30/5/1989). Ngy 9-10/7/1988, /c Nguyn C Thch thm b mt CPC vi danh ngha c phi vin TBT ta. Ngy 10/7 /c Nguyn C Thch thng bo kin ca BCT ta ly ng Brvi lm bin gii trn bin gia 2 nc. Ngy 25/7, Hun Sen gp anh Ng in, Hun Sen ngh k sm bin gii trn bin theo ng Brvi trc khi m phn vng 3 vi Sihanouk (l0/1988). Hun Sen ni cn b CPC nht l tr thc rt mng khi nghe BCT VN khng nh ly ng Brvi; trc y nghe k hoch chia i vng nc lch s h c thc mc v lo lng. Ngy 10/9/1988, BCT VN hp bn li thy vic k Hip c bin gii trn bin thy phc tp, ngh CPC hon li, l do cn tp trung gii php, VN cn qun, k by gi ch s xuyn tc. c ch th, /c Ng in xin gp Hun Sen khng c nn vit giy li v kin BCT hon k ng Brvi . Mi n 12/10/1988 gp anh Ng in, Hun Sen mi ni ng cha lm g v ng Brvi.

29 30

Sar Kheng Ph Th tng v B trng Ni v Campuchia t nm 1998. Hi k "CPC con ng 10 nm' v lun n tin s ca Hun Sen. TG

48

V Gii php , CPC nhiu ln m ch xa gn l do VN cn bnh thng ha quan h vi TQ v li ch ca VN m VN p CPC i vo Gii php , cho l iu "phi o l, phi o c", "nh ng nn nhn dit chng v ti phm dit chng" v kt lun rng lnh o CPC khng "" i vo Gii php vi Pol Pot nh c ngi tng... Vic ta thuyt phc CPC i vo gii php chnh tr v tn thnh sng kin ca Ngoi trng Australia dng vai tr Lin Hp quc khng dng vai tr Khmer v Sihanouk trong thi k qu lm cho bn "nh nhm" trong vic chp nhn i vo gii php chnh tr. Mt thng sau khi ta thng bo kin ca BCT (9/12/1989) chp nhn s dng vai tr Lin hp quc, CPC ch ng triu tp ngay Hi ngh ton th Trung ng ng ln th (10 - l0/1/1990) thng qua ch trng i vo gii php chnh tr (mc d trc 5 thng trong Hi ngh Trung ng 9, CPC quyt tm ginh mt thng li hon ton bng qun s v triu tp k hp ca Quc hi (18/1/1990) thng qua ngh quyt cho php Lin Hp quc t chc tng tuyn c CPC. (Ngy 11/8/1990, Hun Sen ni vi /c Ng in i : CPC lo ngi bn 3 phi hn l Lin hp quc. Chp nhn Lin hp quc hoc cho SNC trong c 3 phi t chc tng tuyn c lin quan n quyt nh chin lc c i vo gii php chnh tr hay khng). Vi nhng suy ngh TBT Heng Samrin min cng chp nhn kin ca TBT ta l khng nn chp nhn cho Lin Hp quc t chc tuyn c CPC (thng 3/1990) v ngy 17/4/1990 khi /c Nguyn C Thch sang CPC thng bo vi BCT CPC kin ca BCT ta trong Hi ngh BCT ngy 10/4/1990. BCT CPC khng chp nhn p dng phng n 4 (lp Chnh ph lin hip 2 bn t chc Tng tuyn c). Cnh gic vi Lin hp quc v khng chp nhn tho hip v vn dit chng, cho rng tho hip v vn ny l ph nhn cuc u tranh 10 nm qua ca cn b lnh o CPC, ph nhn tnh chnh ngha ca s c mt ca qun tnh nguyn VN CPC. N s to iu kin cho bn Khmer i lp tiu dit nhng cn b lnh o ca Nh nc v khng c dit chng h t phi l "phn quc", VN vo CPC t l "xm lc". Mt khc, BCT CPC ngh ta gp CPC n phng tng tuyn c vo u nm 1990 . T 24-30/4/1990, Chea Sim sang VN kim tra sc kho, gp lm vic vi /c L c Anh v Nguyn C Thch. /c Thch nhc li BCT VN ch gi phng n 4 nh /c Thch trnh by Phnom Penh ngy 17/4/1990, tu BCT CPC quyt nh. Chea Sim nhc li l nn Lin hp quc t chc tng tuyn c tt hn ng thi ngh ta gip CPC n phng t chc tng tuyn c. Phi ni rng vic ta khuyn CPC i vo Gii php (t 1987), gi vic chp nhn vai tr Lin hp quc (12/1989) ri bc vai tr Lin hp quc (3/1990), khuyn CPC i vo phng n 3 (4/1990) v i vo Gii php (hi m 3 TBT 20-21/5/1990) l khc vi li ch ca nhng ngi lnh o CPC mun n c bng mt gii php qun s. Vic BCT CPC khng chp nhn gi ca BCT ta trong cuc hi m 17/4/1990 nh u bc ngot mi trong quan h VN-CPC sau khi VN rt ht qun khi CPC v sau khi CPC c quan h vi Thi Lan (t thng 6/1988). Ngay sau khi chp nhn Gii php trong cuc gp 3 TBT 20-21/5/1990, trong cuc hp BCT CPC ngy 30/5/1990, Chea
49

Sim ni "Nu i vo gii php qu sm, chng ta s t treo c ta"31. Ngy 1/6/1990, Hun Sen ni vi /c Nguyn C Thch sn bay Ni Bi trn ng i Tokyo gp Sihanouk: "BCT CPC thy gii php nh tho thun gia 3 /c TBT (Gii php ) cng c nhiu kh khn. Hun Sen cho rng s hp tc c nhiu kh khn v 3 nhn t: a) Bn Pol Pot l bn rt cc oan c v cch mng v rt cc oan v ch ngha dn tc. b) Sau hn 10 nm nh nhau, vic hp tc gia 2 qun i khng th d dng c. c) Bn Pol Pot s c gng a mt s ng vin ln hn s ng vin hin nay ca ng NDCM CPC ginh a s trong mt ng hp nht. Trong khi trong ni b ta v ta vi CPC c nhiu kin khc nhau nh vy th bn ngoi, 5 nc ln khn trng hon chnh Hip nh khung v gii php ton din v CPC vi vai tr ln ca Lin hp quc nh Quc hi CPC chp nhn ngy 10/1/1990. Ngy 15 -16/12/1989, 5 nc thng trc HBA/LHQ (P-5) hp ln u cp Th trng ti Paris ra thng co nu 16 nguyn tc ch o tm kim gii php ton b cho vn CPC, bo m quyn t quyt ca CPC thng qua tng tuyn c t do, cng bng v dn ch; vi vai tr tng cng ca Lin hip quc (enhance the role of the United Nations). Ngy 11 - 12/2/1990, P-5 hp vng 2 cp Th trng ti New York tp trung bn v 2 vn qun s v c ch chnh quyn qu CPC nhng cha c tho thun c th; vng 3 hp ngy 12 - 13/3/1990 ti Paris tho thun nhng nguyn tc chnh v 3 vn : t chc tng tuyn c; lp Hi ng dn tc ti cao (SNC); quyn lc lm thi ca Lin hp quc. Trn chin trng CPC, sau khi VN rt qun vo cui thng 9/1989, ngy 22/10/1989, bn Pol Pot phn cng nh chim th trn Pailin v uy hip th x Battambang. Ngy 26/10, CPC yu cu ta chi vin. /c L c Anh sang CPC xem xt tnh hnh. Ngy 29/10/1989, ta a lc lng c bit ln Battambang c bng khng qun v ng b h tr cho CPC gm 3 trung on (E9 ca F339, El ca F330 v E20 ca F4) do /c Su Ph, Ph T lnh Qun khu 9 ch huy. Ngy 11/1/1990, Heng Somrin c cng hm khn gi /c Nguyn Vn Linh, ngh hon rt lc lng c bit Battambang v yu cu gi thm lc lng bo v Sisophon v Sam Rong. Ta khng p ng, ngy 15/1/1990, /c on Khu ln CPC bn vi B Quc phng CPC: ta rt lc lng c bit, ngoi s 1.265 chuyn gia v nhn vin k thut, ta a mt b phn lc lng c bit ny vo s chuyn gia, tng s chuyn gia ln gp i (do CPC tr lng t 70-150 USD/thng, theo nh tho thun gia hai B Quc phng sau khi B T lnh VN CPC rt i thng 5/1988) bao gm mt s b phn bo v cho chuyn gia, s lc lng tng cng ny lc cn c th tham gia chin u nhng khng ch ng chin u. CPC chp nhn phng n ny, sau mt thi gian na nu khng cn th rt bt. Trn thc t, nu s qu ng m tr lng theo la nh tho thun t 5/1988 th CPC cng khng kham ni. Lc lng chuyn gia qun s bn cnh B quc phng CPC ly tn l K-88.
31

Bo co ca C116. TG

50

T giai on ny, tnh hnh chuyn bin rt nhanh chng, ta phi i ph rt cng thng v tnh hnh din bin rt khn trng m nhn thc ca chng ta li rt khc nhau; cng thm sc p ca vic chun b cho i hi VII trong khi , B ngoi giao c thm sc p l /c U vin BCT ph trch B ngoi giao c kh nng thay i, thuyn chuyn. T 3-9/5/1990, /c Th trng ngoi giao inh Nho Lim i Bc Kinh tin hnh vng 3 m phn VN-TQ vi danh ngha l i kim tra cng tc ca S qun". Ti vng m phn ny ta ng c s trao i kin v vn ni b CPC. Trong m phn, T n Tn32 ni r TQ v SNC l SNC phi tht s c quyn lc nh chnh quyn. Ta ng gim ni v dit chng. TQ coi gii quyt vn CPC l iu kin bnh thng ha quan h vi VN. T n Tn hn sang H Ni thng 6/1990 tip tc m phn. Trc khi sang H Ni, ngy 25/5/1990, T n Tn i New York hp vng 4 Th trng P-5. Trong cuc hp P-5 ny, TQ a ra 2 phng n: hoc lp SNC 4 bn lm nhim v chnh quyn lm thi trong thi k qu hoc giao cho Lin hp quc lm chc nng qun l hnh chnh trong thi k qu , cn SNC ch c chc nng tng trng. Trong khi H Ni, ta v CPC li thy cn tranh th Gii php . Lc ny H ni, sau cuc gp 3 TBT ngy 21/5/1990, ngy 23/5/1990, theo ch th ca /c L c Anh, Thiu tng V Xun Vinh, Cc trng Cc i ngoi B quc phng thng bo cho Tu vin qun s TQ Triu Nhu: "/c Nguyn Vn Linh v /c L c Anh s gp T n Tn" . Ngy 27/5/1990, T n Tn hu b chng trnh gp Ph TTK/LHQ Admed sau cuc gp P-5 ngy 25-26/5/1990 v i v Bc Kinh ngay. Ngy 30/5/1990, BCT hp cho kin v n m phn vi T n Tn. /c Phm Vn ng ni: My nghn nm TQ vn l TQ, khng nn c tin TQ. Ta cn thm d thc y nhng cnh gic ng h . /c Nguyn Vn Linh kt lun: /c TBT s gp i s TQ, khng gp T n Tn. /c Thch gp T n Tn. Gp i s TQ khng ni gii php CPC, ch ni 2 nc on kt bo v CNXH, thm d vic gp cp cao. Chiu ngy 5/6/1990, /c TBT Nguyn Vn Linh gp i s TQ Trng c Duy. /c TBT ni: "By gi quc m mu th tiu CNXH, chng in cung tn cng CNXH, tt nhin bn quc l cng mt rut, chng dng KHKT v kinh t bao vy XHCN. Chng m mu dng din bin ha bnh, mi ng phi t lc chng li. Lin X l thnh tr XHCN nhng c nhiu vn . Chng ti mun cng cc ngi cng sn chn chnh bn vn bo v CNXH. Trong v Thin An Mn, cc /c x l rt kin quyt v rt vn g vng. Ti sn sng sang TQ gp cc /c lnh o cp cao ca TQ khi phc li quan h hu ho. m mu ca bn quc l chng phong tro cng sn quc t do nhng ngi cng sn chn chnh ca 2 nc cn trao i kinh nghim vi nhau.

32

/Xu Dunxin (1934.12.10-) Vice Minister, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, People's Republic of China (1991.4-1993.4)

51

... Gi y vn CPC, ta phi gii quyt nh th no. Vic Lin hp quc vo t chc tng tuyn c s c li cho cc nc phng Ty. Va qua 5 nc HBA/LHQ hp bn trong c M, Anh, Php l 3 nc quc, Lin X l nc XHCN nhng c vn cng kh ni, nay ch cn TQ..." . Ngy 6/6/1990, /c L c Anh li gp i s TQ truyn t kin ca BCT VN. Ni dung xoay quanh vn on kt bo v CNXH v Gii php CPC. Ngy 8/6/1990, /c L c Anh in thoi dn /c Trn Quang C khi bit /c C s thay /c inh Nho Lim (b m) lm vic vi T n Tn H Ni : + lm vic vi anh [ng Nghim] Honh, anh [inh Nho] Lim. Phng hng nh bn. Tt c cc vn u n c duy ch cn vn Hi ng ti cao thi k qu gm 2 bn, c chc nng nht nh, vi cc u ban gip vic nh i ngoi, kinh ti, tng tuyn c v quc phng v an ninh ch nn l mt. Nn trnh phng n Lin hp quc trong thi k qu . + Vic hai bn tip xc nhau l chuyn lu di cn cho n nh lu di. TQ s tc ng vi pha thn TQ, ta s tc ng vi pha thn ta 2 bn kim ch vic th ch nhau v hp tc vi nhau. Vic ny phi c thi gian, khng th nhanh c, khng th i h tr li ngay. ng thc h, c h ch ng, khi no tr li c th h tr li. + Phi rt b mt. L ra rt nguy him. Ch ni khi gp ring ch khng ni trong m phn. V vic Anh Nguyn Vn Linh t vn vi i s Trng c Duy ni sn sng i TQ gp cp cao nht, cng khng nn hi li T n Tn nu h cha ni ti. - Ngy 9/6/1990, trn ng t Tokyo v nc, Hun Sen gh H Ni. /c Thch tip v lm vic vi Hun Sen, /c Thch hoan nghnh v ng h kt qu cuc hp Hun Sen-Sihanouk, khng nh VN tn trng tho thun Tokyo v sn sng cng cc nc lin quan m bo thc hin cc tho thun . (Tho thun Hun Sen - Sihanc Tokyo l lp SNC 2 bn, nh vy l gt Khmer ). - Ngy 11/6/1990, m phn ti H Ni gia /c Trn Quang C v T n Tn. T n Tn trnh by kin TQ C bn nh lp trng trong cuc hp P-5 ngy 25/5/1990. Tra 1 1/6/1990, /c Trn Quang C v bo co /c Nguyn C Thch (lc ny cng ang c Hi ngh ngoi giao nh gi s sp ca ng u). /c Thch gn hi /c C c hi T n Tn v Gii php khng ? /c C ni /c L c Anh dn. /c Thch cht vn /c C nghe theo kin B trng ngoi giao hay nghe kin B trng quc phng. /c C ni sn sng chp hnh kin /c Thch, s hi T n Tn vi s hiu bit rng c Thch l U vin BCT. /c Thch ngh /c C phi gp hi T n Tn, thm ch cn bo /c C phi vit cam kt s thc hin iu . Chiu 11/6/1990, hp gia 2 Trng on v c 2 i s trao i v ni dung /c Nguyn Vn Linh v L c Anh ni vi i s Trng c Duy. T n Tn nh ng ch Trn Quang C chuyn ton vn kin ca lnh o TQ tr li kin /c Nguyn Vn Linh v L c Anh nh sau:
52

"Lnh o TQ rt coi trng quan h Trung -Vit, lnh o TQ cng rt coi trng nhng kin /c TBT Nguyn Vn Linh v /c L c Anh ni vi i s TQ Trng c Duy. Pha TQ cho rng quan h Trung -Vit sm mun cng s bnh thng ha. Hai bn u cn cng nhau c gng thc hin. V vn CPC, cuc chin tranh CPC ko di hn 10 nm. y l vn ton th gii quan tm, cc nc trong khu vc, nht l ASEAN, cng rt quan tm. i vi 2 nc TQ v VN, nhim v cp bch cn gii quyt hin nay l trn c s nhng nhn thc chung nhn c, tip tc trao i kin v 2 vn tn ti (vn quyn lc ca Hi ng ti cao v vic x l qun i ca cc bn CPC), lm sao c tin trin v 2 vn ny. Nu c nh vy, chng ta s gp phn vo vic thc s gii quyt vn CPC. Bc i ny l ht sc quan trng. Ch c i xong bc ny, chng ta mi c th suy ngh n nhng bc sau. Cng c ngha l ch c i xong bc ny, lnh o TQ mi suy ngh v vic gp cp cao, v vic thc y 2 phi cng sn Khmer ho gii vi nhau . (Ngy 25/6/1990, trong cuc gp Th trng Trn Quang C B Ngoi giao, i s Trng c Duy c li ton vn tr li ca lnh o TQ gi lnh o VN v ni l vn bn ny "chnh xc hn", trong phn cui ni v CPC nh sau: "Vn CPC ko di 11 nm, tr thnh vn quc t trng i m cng ng quc t, c bit l cc nc ASEAN rt ch trng. Chng ti cho rng vic ny cn lm gp trc mt l 2 bn TQ-VN nn i n tho thun cng sm cng tt v mt s nhng mt quan trng cho gii php chnh tr vn CPC thc y v tng nhanh hn tin trnh gii quyt ton din vn CPC. Bc ny i tt th c li cho vic suy tnh nhng vn ca bc sau v to iu kin cn thit cho cuc gp cp cao TQ-VN, v to s ho gii ni b ca CPC"). Trong m phn vi /c C, T n Tn nu ra vi ta d kin gii quyt vn CPC theo 5 bc: (1) TQ-VN tho thun mt "bin bn ni b" ghi li s nht tr gia 2 bn v nhng vn chnh ca gii php. (2) Nm nc TQ, VN, Thi Lan, Lo v Indonesia (thay cho cuc hp 3 nc TQ, VN, Thi Lan do Th tng Thi ngh nm ngoi) hp cp ngoi trng v c tuyn b chung v CPC. (3) Nm nc trn hp cng vi 4 bn CPC. (4) Nm nc Hi ng Bo an hp vi 4 bn CPC. Theo TQ, nu 3 bc trn u sun s th vic hp 5 nc Hi ng Bo an vi 4 bn CPC lm sm hay mun khng thnh vn . (5) Hp li Hi ngh quc t Paris v CPC k kt Hip nh ton b. Theo k hoch ny, r rng TQ mun ng vai tr trung tm ca khu vc trong c qu trnh gii quyt vn CPC. Trong 5 bc ny, TQ khng ni g n gp g cp cao gia 2 nc. Ti 12/6, t 21 gi n 1 gi sng, i s ng Nghim Honh lm vic vi V ph [B Ngoi giao TQ] Trng Thanh v "bin bn ni b". Cuc tranh lun rt gng v khng i n tho thun. Sau ny tr li Bc Kinh, /c Honh gp rt nhiu kh khn trong lm vic vi B Ngoi giao TQ.
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Mt s kin ng ghi nh l bui /c Nguyn C Thch tip T n Tn chiu 13/6/1990 bin thnh mt bui tranh lun to ting rt gay gt v dng nhng li l rt nng n, t gi l /c n gi nhau l Ngi. T n Tn ni vi /c Thch: ..."Ti mun ni im th hai v vn 2 ting ni... Trong m phn, VN nu ra vi chng ti v va ri /c ni mong mun Trung -vit hp tc thc y hai phi cng sn CPC hp tc vi nhau. Chng ti bit khng phi l kin ring ca cc /c m l kin ca Trung ng ng VN. Chng ti bo co Trung ng ng chng ti. Tt nhin chng ti rt coi trng v nghin cu kin ca cc ng ch. Nhng trong thi gian , trn din n quc t Tokyo, cc /c li c sc tm cch loi tr mt bn CPC, l Khmer . Cc /c ni hai bn chng ta nn khuyn hai phi cng sn ho gii vi nhau, ni l mong mun chn thnh ca VN. Nhng trn thc t cc /c c sc tiu dit Khmer . Nu lnh o VN mun c s ho gii gia 2 nhm cng sn th l tt nhin l phi chp nhn 4 bn. Chng ti khng th hiu c hai ging ni ca lnh o VN. Khng hiu ci no l tht v ci no l gi. Nu nghe ting ni ny th ting ni kia l gi di, nu nghe ting ni kia th ting ni ny l gi di. Mong rng sau ny cc ng ch khn g nn lm nh vy." ... V hai bn tranh lun rt nhiu v "cc bn" v "4 bn CPC ". .../c Thch hi T ph trch vn CPC t bao gi, T ni mi 2 nm. /c Thch ni: "Ti bc u v vn CPC... Ti ph trch vn CPC 20 nm, t thng 3/70 khi Sihanouk b lt ... Ngi TQ cng nh ngi VN u c cu "Hu sinh kh u" ... /c Thch ni tip: "Nghe /c ni ti rt khng hi lng v chng ti ni mt ng, /c hiu mt no, iu rt khng tt. Ti ni /c sang H Ni mt ln, ch khng phi ni sang mt ln th phi tht bi. l xuyn tc, l mt xu... Ti ni mt ng, /c hiu mt no. D nc ln hay nc nh cng phi tn trng bnh ng vi nhau. Chng ti c ni loi tr bn no u m /c ni chng ti tm cch loi tr mt bn. l xuyn tc. Ti ht!". Sau mt hi to ting na cui cng T n Tn ni: "Ngi khng hi lng vi ti nhng ti cng mi mi khng hi lng vi Ngi ". T y quan h gia /c Thch vi TQ cng cng thng hn. Ngy 1/11/1990, Ngi pht ngn B Ngoi giao TQ cn ni: pht biu ca Nguyn C Thch v quan h Trung-Vit v vn CPC ni dung l khng ng tin cy, chng qua chi l cch nhn ca ng ta m thi". - Ngy 19/6/1990, BCT hp nh gi cuc gp Vit -Trung vi T n Tn H Ni, kin rt khc nhau. /c Nguyn Vn Linh vng mt (i thnh ph H Ch Minh) trong cuc hp ny v dn /c Nguyn Thanh Bnh ngh BCT cha bn v phng hng ti ch /c Linh v. - Ngy 25/6/1990, /c TBT Nguyn Vn Linh t thnh ph H Ch Minh in ra cho BCT: c bin bn hp BCT (19/6/1990), c mt s kin s pht biu sau. Mt s vic lm ngay: a) Khng ng thng bo cho Trung ng v cp u v iu ti mt m ch thng bo ni r cuc hp Vit -Trung l do TQ ph. Ngoi giao c cch gii thch cho d lun theo hng trn.
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b) Do Bn ngh ta thm d, ngh Anh Su Nam [L c Anh] i ngay CPC thng bo cho bn. Tnh hnh th ny cn gip bn c n tn cng, nh mt s trn tt nh Kompong Thom chng hn. c) phng TQ l ra nhng iu ta ly tnh bn m ni, ngoi giao theo di, nu c bc ngay, khng chm 2 -3 ngy. . - Ngy 22/6/1990, i s Nguyn Xun thng bo cho ng ch Phun Sipast v m phn vi T n Tn H Ni. ng ch Phun pht biu: Gii php l khng nn v khng th c, bt li cho ta. TQ ang b c lp v l nc duy nht ng h dit chng. Chc chn TQ khng mun Gii php m mun gii php thc cht 4 bn duy tr vai tr v v tr Khmer m khng mang ting l ng h dit chng. Theo ch th ca TBT Nguyn Vn Linh, sng 1/7/1990, /c L c Anh i Phnom Penh lm vic vi BCT CPC, cng d c i s Ng in v anh Ba Cung. /c L c Anh pht biu i : Sau cuc hp 3 TBT, cc /c u quyn cho chng ti thm d tht ca TQ v gii php CPC. BCT chng ti cho rng nhng cuc gp g ngoi giao (anh inh Nho Lim i Bc Kinh, T n Tn i H Ni) c tin hnh bnh thng, mt khc, cc /c Nguyn Vn Linh, V Ch Cng, Mi giao cho ti gp i s TQ. Khi gp n cm vi Trng c Duy, ti ni mt quc t ca vn CPC hu nh khng cn vn g ch cn mt ni b CPC, nu nhn thc nht tr v 3 nguyn tc sau y th d gii quyt: a) Mt gii php chnh tr ni b CPC phi phn nh gn ng so snh lc lng, th v lc trn chin trng gia 2 bn i khng. Mt bn l Nh nc CPC kim sot hu ht CPC, cn bn kia l CPC Dn ch lu vong vi 3 nhm nhng lc lng ch yu l Khmer . b) Mi gii php phi tn trng ch quyn CPC... c) Mi gii php phi bo m s n nh, t nht nh hin nay, khng lm xo trn tnh hnh CPC... i s TQ khng phn i nguyn tc trn v thm d VN c th thuyt phc bn b Phnom Penh ho gii vi Khmer khng... Trng c Duy ni cn gi tuyt mt, s bo co v Bc Kinh. Ti gp i s TQ ngy 6/6/1990 v ngy 7/6/1990 T n Tn ri Bc Kinh. T n Tn sang H Ni m phn vi ging cao, i Hi ng ti cao 4 bn nm cc B ch yu... Theo u quyn ca BCT VN ti thm d, xin bo co qu trnh lm v kt qu nh vy. ngh CPC cho kin v bc lm ti. Bui tra, BCT CPC hp ring, chiu BCT CPC gp li /c L c Anh, TBT Heng Somrin pht biu i : - TQ quan tm v khng bc b kin ca ta. Kh hiu thi TQ, c l h ang nghin cu. - ngh VN tip tc thm d, thc y TQ tc ng n Khmer c cuc gp b mt vi Khmer . C th gp thng Pol Pot hoc gp Son Sen hay i din c thm quyn ca Khmer , phi gp ngi c thm quyn...
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D gp Pol Pot khng c ngha l ta chp nhn Pol Pot tr v. Khi gp Pol Pot ta ni r cho h hiu nhn dn CPC khng chp nhn h tr v nn h phi hy sinh v s nghip ho hp dn tc, chm dt au kh ca nhn dn... a im gp nn b mt, c th l mt a im trn bin gii Vit -Trung... Hun Sen pht biu: Ta tip tc thm d, gp tm hiu song song ta thc y thc hin tho thun Tokyo v lp SNC 2 bn... Anh L c Anh nhn mnh: ta va lm, va thm d, quan trng l cng c lc lng trn chin trng. - Trc , ngy 26/6, t H Ni tr li Phnom Penh, anh Ng in thng bo cho Hun Sen v 28/6 thng bo cho Sar Kheng v kt qu m phn vi T n Tn. C hai ghi chp rt cn thn nhng khng bnh lun g mc d cuc ni chuyn di v nhiu vn . Ti 1/7/1990, ti Phnom Penh, /c L c Anh ni vi /c Ng in: /c bt ng v kin CPC nh gp thng Pol Pot. Trong cuc gp 3 TBT H Ni 5/1990, pha ta khng t vn Gii php , ch bn nhiu v tnh hnh khng hong Lin X- ng u, v m mu quc i vi VN, ng Dng. Khi gii lao, Anh Mi c ni vi Hun Sen v vic gp Khmer . on CPC hi vi nhau lu, khi vo Heng Somrin nu Gii php , 2 TBT khc tn thnh v u quyn cho ta thm d. Cc Anh Linh, Cng, Mi giao Anh L c Anh lm. Anh L c Anh ni trc y Anh Su Th c nu Gii php vi CPC t 1987 mi sau ny Anh L c Anh mi bit. Ngy 5/6, Anh Linh tip i s TQ c Anh Thch d. Hm sau 6/6/1990, Anh L c Anh mi bit rng Anh Linh ni ht vi i s TQ (on kt VN-TQ bo v CNXH, ch da Lin X lung lay, Gii php ) ng l ch tip x giao v thm d thi. Khi tip v n cm cng Trng c Duy, anh L c Anh nu 3 nguyn tc gii quyt mt ni b ca CPC, Trng c Duy khng phn i (Th ngy 6/7/1990 ca Anh Ng in gi Anh Thch). - Cng khong thng 7/1990, Hun Sen thng bo [vi] anh Ng in l, qua "ngi trung gian" ca Bc Kinh n Phnom Penh ngy 20/7/1990) cng nh s gip ca Jerome Kanapa v b Galabru 33 Php, ch Ty Borasy34 s i Hongkong gp i din ca Bc Kinh vo cui thng 7/1990. Sau Hun Sen c ni vi anh Ng in mt s tin v vn ny. Sau khng thy Hun Sen nhc li chuyn ny. kin c nhn ti l vic ny khng c tht m Hun Sen c tnh ba ra lm va lng ta. - Ngy 17/7/1990: P-5 hp vng 5 cp Th trng tho thun 2 ni dung ch yu: tp kt v gii php cc bn CPC; Lin hp quc t chc tng tuyn c, kim sot 5 B, cn SNC ch l tng trng. - Ngy 18/7/1990: Ti Paris Ngoi trng M James Baker ni M s rt lui cng nhn CPC Dn ch, ln n Khmer , i thoi vi VN qua phi on New York, vin tr nhn o cho VN.
33 34

o din v din vin in nh Php. Ch tch y ban ngoi giao v Hp tc quc t v thng tin v truyn thng Quc hi Campuchia.

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- Ngy 27/7/1990, BCT ta hp nh gi v tuyn b ca Ngoi trng M Baker, tn thnh vic xc tin v m phn Vit -M, ch trng v CPC: Ta tho thun vi M, TQ, vi cc nc khc v mt quc t ca vn CPC v khng dnh lu vo cc vn ni b CPC. BCT c /c Nguyn C Thch sang thng bo cho CPC kin ca ta. - Ngy 6/8/1990: m phn Vit-M ln u ti New York theo tuyn b ca J. Baker. M ch yu thm d thi ca ta v 2 vn kin khung gii php CPC ca Lin hp quc. - Ngy 8/8/1990: B Ngoi giao trnh BCT n u tranh v vn CPC trc nhng din bin quan trng trn quc t. n nhn nh: chng ta ng trc mt tnh hnh l X-M v 5 nc ln quyt tm t tho thun v mt gii php chnh tr cho vn CPC. CPC ang ng trc tnh th tin thoi lung nan: khng th ko di ni chin v kh khn kinh t, chnh tr trong nc v kh khn trn th gii; i vo gii php chnh tr th lo tht bi trong tng tuyn c. Nn gp vi bn ng phng n ca P-5: SNC ch tng trng, cn xc nh r quyn hn ca Lin hp quc trn c s tn trng ch quyn CPC. Trong khi ch i kin ca BCT, /c Nguyn C Thch c ti (Hunh Anh Dng) em n sang CPC /c Ng in trnh by vi Hun Sen. Ngy 11/8/1990, ti nh ring Hun Sen, Hun Sen tip anh Ng in v ti. Sau khi nghe, Hun Sen ni: Nh vy l ta tr li phng n Lin hp quc nh ta nht tr t trc. Ba /c TBT trao i H Ni thy Lin hp quc l nguy him. Khi chuyn khng dng Lin hp quc lm chng ti rt kh khn, Lin X rt thc mc. Ba TBT ni giao Lin hp quc t chc bu c l nguy him sau khi c tht bi ca Mt trn Sandino Nicaragoa. Ba /c TBT trao i nh vy nn ta phi chuyn. Trc cc /c cng chng ti nht tr SNC ch l tng trng, giao Lin hp quc t chc bu c. Trn tinh thn , ta tnh cc phng n v cc /c c ngi (/c ng Nghim Honh) gp ti Svay Rieng trc khi ti gp Costello ngy 7/1/1990... Khi ta chp nhn Lin hp quc t chc tng tuyn c, Lin X rt vui... Nu tr li cng thc ny th rt tt, tp hp c lc lng. Ti v /c Hor Nam Hong 35 bn nhau thy cng thc ny th tt nhng 3 /c TBT quyt nh ti phi lm theo, ti phi lm cng tc t tng cho Hor Nam Hong, kh lm... Thng 4/1990, /c Thch sang y nu phng n SNC t chc tng tuyn c. Ti c pht biu kin c nhn ti chc /c in v /c Dng cn nh. Nu ta ly SNC t chc bu c th ta phi i ph vi khng bit ba o nhiu ngi ca bn 3 phi, ngi ca SNC v ng c vin ca n, ng thi ta cn phi i ph vi Lin hp quc m thi. Lin hp quc li l ngi nc ngoi, i u ta cng bit v h kh mua chuc c dn CPC, khng nh bn 3 phi l ngi Khmer... Ta phi quyt nh c gii php chnh tr v vn CPC. Gii php chnh tr hay khng, khng ph thuc vo mun ca ta... i vi CPC, vic cho Lin hp quc t chc tng tuyn c c hp php ho, Quc hi thng qua. anh em chng ti l mun ci ny (Lin hp quc)...
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Ph Th tng kim B trng Ngoi giao v Hp tc quc t CPC.

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Vic c s dng vai tr Lin hp quc hay SNC l mt b phn quan trng ca quyt nh chin lc c i vo gii php chnh tr hay khng?... Nu BCT VN ng ci ny th BCT chng ti hp mt gi l thng qua c. Khi anh Heng Somrin i ngh H Ni, /c Nguyn Vn Linh v /c L c Anh gp anh Heng Somrin t lo ngi v vic s dng vai tr Lin hp quc. Anh Heng Somrin v ni ci ny, ti c ni li l giao cho Lin hp quc c mt phc tp nhng giao cho SNC phc tp hn: n c h thng, ngi nhiu m ta cn phi lo i ph vi c Lin hp quc na. Ci ny lm ti rt kh... Quyt nh ca 2 /c TBT lm ti rt kh. Khng nn c kin khc nhau gia TBT v Th tng, ti phi lm kin nht tr... Lm SNC rt phc tp , CPC khng ngi v kh nng tham gia cc U ban i ph vi bn kia. Khi bn khng Lin Hp quc t chc tng tuyn c, /c TBT Lo Kaysone Phomvihan bn khon iu ny. Ta nhn ri ta li thi. /c Kaysone ni ta tro cao ri, nu tut xung d ng au. ...V Gii php , lc u ta tng rng TQ mun nh vy. Tnh hnh th gii chuyn bin phc tp tng rng TQ mun Gii php . By gi r rng TQ khng mun Gii php , ta khng nn mt mnh lm Gii php . i vi Khmer nh ti va trnh by khi anh Thch va sang y: sch lc ca ta l khng cng nhn chng c quyn vto [ph quyt] nhng ta khng loi b chng hon ton. Ta tnh gii php "" loi tr "Xanh". Nu "" khng c th ta phi i vi "Xanh" dit "". TQ khng mun i vi ta, sao ta li chiu c TQ? - 15 gi 30' ngy 8/8/1990, /c Phm Vn ng gp vi /c Trn Quang C v n ca B Ngoi giao: Tnh hnh hin nay to c hi thun li cho gii php vn CPC. Cn tn dng c hi mi ny trong khi ta cn s dng c. Phi dm chi vi Lin hp quc, vi HBA, vi M v phng Ty... n l thuyt th tt nhng lm sao thc hin c? Ta gip vo cng khng c hiu qu. Cn lnh o CPC coi nh bt lc, rt xong... i vo tng tuyn c ginh c 50% l l tng, c khi 30% cn kh... Cn tranh th nhn t M trong tnh hnh mi... Trong lin minh... ch nn tnh chuyn khng ch. Khng nn t yu cu qu cao "gi vng thnh qu cch mng CPC". - Ngy 12/8/1990, BCT hp v n ca B Ngoi giao, sau khi tho lun, /c TBT Nguyn Vn Linh kt lun: + i vi M, ta tip tc i thoi theo ch trng ca BCT cho kin. + i vi TQ, trong cuc gp ngy mai (13/8, gia anh C v Trng c Duy) ta nn ni l 2 nc XHCN Vit Nam v TQ nn hp tc gii quyt vn CPC, c mt nc CPC hu ngh vi cc nc lng ging, trc ht l VN, TQ, Lo. Ta khng ni VN v TQ l 2 nc XHCN cn on kt chng quc v bo v CNXH. + i vi bn CPC: nhng vn tn ti hin nay l nhng vn thuc ni b v ch quyn ca CPC phi do cc /c CPC t quyt nh. VN s tn trng nhng quyt nh ca cc /c CPC v nhng vn ny.
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- Ngy 12 v 13/8/1990, Anh Thch in ch th anh Ng in: Sng 12/8, BCT VN va hp. Anh Thch trnh by kin B Ngoi giao. Sau BCT kt lun nht tr t nay cc vn ni b CPC trong gii php ton din do lnh o CPC cn nhc li hi quyt nh lm nh th no c li nht. VN s ng h quyt nh ca CPC. VN tn trng quyt nh ca CPC giao mt s quyn lc cho Lin hp quc trong thi k qu d cn hn l giao cho SNC nh anh va trao i vi Hun Sen. Anh in nn coi cuc trao i ngy 11/8 vi Hun Sen l gia nhng bn quen thn tnh, khng cn thng bo li cho bt c ai. Chiu 14/8, anh in gp Hun Sen trnh by hu nh ton b ni dung in ca Anh Thch. Hun Sen cho bit: chiu 11/8, Hun Sen trao i vi BCT CPC; tt c nht tr nn hn ch SNC, giao mt s quyn cho Lin hp quc, Hun Sen s vit th tr li th Ngoi trng Lin X Shevardnadze t heo hng chp nhn vn kin khung ca Lin hp quc (Hun Sen gi ngy 15/8/1990). - Ngy 27/8/1990, P-5 hp vng 6 cp Th trng ti New York, nht tr hon ton vn kin khung v gii php ton b cho CPC gm 5 vn : sp xp v chnh quyn qu d; sp xp v trang; bu c di s bo tr ca Lin hp quc; nhn quyn; bo m quc t. Thng co ni 5 vn ny cng vi tho thun ca Hi ngh quc t Paris v hi hng v ti thit CPC s to khung cho gii php CPC. - Ngy 29/8/1990, i s Trng c Duy gp TBT Nguyn Vn Linh v /c Mi chuyn li mi ca TBT Giang Trch Dn, Th tng L Bng mi TBT Nguyn Vn Linh, Th tng Mi v /c Phm Vn ng sang TQ gp b mt ti Thnh 3/9/1990. - Ngy 31/8/1990, m phn Vit -M vng 2 ti New York. M ngh VN v CPC chp nhn gii php khung, CPC i Jakarta lp SNC, coi y l iu kin bnh thng ha quan h vi VN v M ni chuyn vi Phnom Penh. - Ngy 30/8/1990, BCT bn v m phn cp cao Trung-Vit Thnh (th ph T Xuyn, TQ). Anh Linh nu vn s bn hp tc chng quc bo v CNXH v hp tc [gia] Phnom Penh v Khmer . Anh V Ch Cng: TQ s p ta v vn CPC. TQ va gi Khmer , va nm Sihanouk, nm c 5 B. TQ s khng nghe ta gi CNXH, TQ mun tranh th phng Ty. Khng nn ni g v Lin X, phi gi chin lc on kt vi Lin X. Anh L c Anh: Phi ni v ho hp dn tc thc s CPC. Nu khng c Pol Pot th vn tip tc chin tranh.

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Anh Thch nu 3 kh nng v quan h vi TQ, d kin cc vn TQ nu: Hi ng ti cao theo cng thc 6+2+2+2 i 4 bn, tp kt lc lng v trang, dit chng. - Ngy 2-4/9/1990, TBT Nguyn Vn Linh, Ch tch Hi ng B trng Mi, C vn Phm Vn ng thm Thnh , hi m vi TBT Giang Trch Dn, Th tng L Bng v gii quyt vn CPC v quan h 2 nc. Cng i c /c Hng H [B th T ng], Hong Bch Sn [Trng Ban i ngoi T ng], inh Nho Lim. Trong gp g Giang trch Dn c hai cu th i nh ng: " tn kip ba huynh ti, Trng phng nht tiu mn n cu" ni: sau phong ba, bo tp, tnh anh em vn cn; gp nhau m mt n ci th xo ht on hn. Hai bn k bin bn ni b gm 8 im, nht tr gii quyt vn CPC bng gii php chnh tr ton din, cng bng, hp l, ng lp SNC gm 13 thnh vin do Sihanouk ng u theo cng thc 6+2+2+2+l v song song tng bc ci thin quan h 2 ng, 2 Nh nc tin ti bnh thng ha quan h. im 4 bin bn vit: "Hai bn tn thnh 5 vn kin c 5 nc thng trc HBA/LHQ tho thun v vn CPC v cho rng cn ly cc vn kin lm khun kh cho vic gii quyt chnh tr ton din vn CPC. Hai bn s thc y cc bn CPC cng tip nhn vn kin v tch cc tham gia tin trnh gii quyt chnh tr ton din ". Ngay sau khi v n H Ni, sng ngy 5/9/1990, cc /c TBT Nguyn Vn Linh, Mi, L c Anh, Nguyn C Thch b mt sang Phnom Penh thng bo v gp cp cao Thnh . Sau khi nghe thng bo, trc khi BCT bn hp ring trao i, Heng Somrin ngh VN nh gi kh nng v Gii php BCT CPC d trao i. Sng 6/9/1990, TBT Heng Somrin tr li khng chp nhn cng thc 6+2+2+2+1 v pht biu nh sau: + Sau tho thun 3 TBT thng 5/1990, VN c gng v c c cuc gp cp cao vi TQ. + Qua thm d ca VN thy r TQ trc y cng nh hin nay TQ lun dng vn CPC e gy sc p trong quan h VN -TQ. + ...Chng ti nh gi TQ xut pht t li ch ca h. Li ch l 4 hin i. V vy TQ gi CNXH TQ nhng TQ c gng m ca vi phng Ty. TQ khng mun 2 phi cng sn CPC hp tc vi nhau gy phc tp cho quan h ca h vi Sihanouk v gy phc tp quan h ca h vi phng Ty. V vy chng ti thy rng kh c th thc hin Gii php v Gii php tri vi li ch ca TQ. V vn kin khung P-5, Heng Somrin ni: "Chng ti coi vn kin ny l c s ca gii php trong khun kh gii php ca chng ta. V vy, chng ti chp nhn v nguyn tc." Ngy 7/9/1990: BCT hp tho lun v kt qu cp cao Vit -Trung v cp cao VN-CPC. BCT quyt nh: + 8/9/1990: /c Mi gp i s TQ ni li lp trng CPC. + Thng bo cho Lin X, Lo nh ni dung thng bo cho CPC. + Ai hi v cng thc 6+2+2+2+1, ni khng bit.
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- 7 gi 15' sng 9/9/1990, BCT hp v thng ip ca TQ do Trng c Duy trao cho anh Hng H 6 gi sng 9/9/1990 ngh tc ng vic lp SNC do cc bn CPC ang hp Jakarta. BCT quyt nh: Anh Trn Quang C i Jakarta. Anh Linh ni c lp c SNC. Anh Thch gi th cho Hun Sen. T nay mi tip xc phi qua B Ngoi giao v phi bo co trc vi Anh Thch v Anh L c Anh.( l ngn i s TQ ch tip xc vi Ban i ngoi [TW ng] v l i B Ngoi giao). Theo quyt nh , anh Trn Quang C, c ti i cng, ri ngay H Ni tra 9/9/1990 qua ng Bangkok. Chiu ti 10/9/1990, anh C n Jakarta th cuc hp cc bn CPC kt thc, tho thun lp SNC gm 12 thnh vin xp theo vn ch ci v khng c Sihanouk. Mc d vy, khi anh C va n S qun ta Jakarta, V ph Trng Thanh ch ng gi in thoi cho anh C thng bo cuc hp t kt qu tt v "cm n s gip " ca anh C. Tuyn b chung cuc hp ghi r "cc bn CPC chp nhn ton b vn kin khung P-5 lm c s gii quyt cuc xung t CPC . " - Ngy 24/9/1990, /c L c Anh sang CPC, thay mt BCT ta lm vic vi BCT CPC (ti khng cn nh ni dung, nhng ngh rng ni dung l bn gip CPC xy dng lc lng chun b i vo gii php chnh tr). Ngy 26/9/1990, Chea Sim thay mt BCT CPC gi th cho BCT ta vi ni dung: Cm n s gip , hon ton nht tr vi ni dung /c L c Anh bn vi BCT CPC ngy 24/9/1990, ngh BCT sm c mt t gip nghin cu tng hp trong tnh hnh mi CPC. Tip sau on cc /c Trn Vn Quang, L Hai sang lm vic vi CPC ngy 18/10/1990 c Heng Somrin, Chea Sim, Hun Sen, Sai Phu thong, Sar Kheng. Heng Somrin trnh by bn vit sn v tnh hnh v ngh ta gip theo hng chun b gii php chnh tr. Anh Trn Vn Quang v L Hai cn dnh th gi lm vic thm vi B trng B quc phng Tia Banh, B trng B Ni v Sin Song. Ngy 20/10, anh Quang v H Ni bo co BCT. Anh Ng in cng lm vic vi anh Trn Vn Quang v L Hai theo hng dng K-88 (chuyn gia qun s) v K-89 (chuyn gia an ninh) gi lin lc vi CPC. Trong lm vic, theo anh Ng in bo co, Hun Sen ni: Ta xc nh bc i tm gii php chnh tr l khng th li li c. (T 3 n 7/2/1991, /c Trn Vn Quang ln CPC ln na, khng r c th ni dung, hng l gip CPC xy dng cn c a chun b gii php chnh tr) - Ngy 28/9/1990, gp anh Trn Quang C ti Phnom Penh, Hun Sen ni: "Khi gp Sok An36 Bangkok 17/9, TQ da v i Nh nc CPC phi nhn cng thc VN-TQ tho thun. Nhng Phnom Penh c lp. [Th tng Thi] Kraisak ni rt ng khi tr li TQ v trn l VN khng phi l Phnom Penh" .

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Th trng ngoi giao. Nay l Ph Th tng, B trng ph trch Vn phng Hi ng B trng CPC (2006)

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- Ngy 29/9/1990, ba nc VN, Lo, CPC tho thun lm b vong lc chung gi Lin X ni r kin v vn kin khung P-5 nhng sau CPC thay i kin l b vong lc ca ring CPC khng lm chung 3 nc. V c th khng nh t lc ny tr i, CPC khng tht s trao i kin vi ta v gii php CPC na. - Ngy 1 l/10/1990: Anh L c Anh gp Hun Sen ti sn bay Ni Bi. Anh L c Anh khuyn Hun Sen trong tnh hnh hin nay CPC nn y mnh hot ng ngoi giao d hp sm SNC. SNC khng quan trng; vn quan trng l u tranh sa i tt vn kin khung P -5. Hun Sen nhc li lp trng c vi v kin quyt, c th nhn nhng cho Sihanouk lm Ch tch nhng Hun Sen phi l Ph Ch tch. Hun Sen thng bo ang tp trung qun nh Khmer . Anh L c Anh khuyn khng nn, lm nh vy s bc l lc lng v mc mu Khmer , nn bo ton lc lng chun b khi i vo gii php. Hun Sen ng , ha s bo co li. - Cng ngy 11/10/1990, B trng ngoi giao Hor Na m Hong ni: Cho Sihanouk v l nguy him cho ta. Sihanouk ngoi ta s thng trong tng tuyn c. - 15/10/1990: Hun Sen ni vi anh Ng in: "3 nm qua, ti thy r Sihanouk khng tr v vi ta u, Sihanouk v cng thm phc tp". - Ngy 27/10/1990: B trng ngoi giao CPC ch ng ni vi phng vin AFP: Mt s ngi mun Gii php , nhn dn CPC bc b Gii php v h cha qun hng triu ngi b Khmer git hi. - Ngy 9-10/11/1990: hai ng ch tch Hi ngh Paris, P-5 v mt s nc hp bn c th vn kin khung P-5 thnh d tho Hip nh. - Ngy 18/11/1990, BCT ta hp bn v vn CPC. Anh Thch ngh BCT cho kin v 2 vn : mt s nguyn tc u tranh trong cc vn kin ca P-5 v vn SNC. Anh Trn Quang C trnh by n. BCT tho lun, kin khc nhau, i lc cng thng. Anh Thch l pha CPC trong SNC cn phi ph phn mnh vn kin P-5 vi phm Hin chng Lin hp quc. /c Phm Vn ng ni: "Ta c bc mt s im nhng lm kho, c sch lc. Nu SNC khng tho thun c th Hi ngh quc t Paris c th hp v tho thun c khng? ...Nu Jakarta, Php v mt s nc khc bn nhau xong ri th s tr thnh vn nghim trng; h s lm theo cch ca h, khng i SNC v h cho l khng quan trng v vn cn tranh lun nhau vn Ch tch v Ph Ch tch. Lc by gi bn v ta s tnh th kh" ... /c Thch ni li: "Ta khng lo v h vi phm Hin chng Lin hp quc v y cng ch mi l kin 5 nc. Ta c th phi hp vi bn b u tranh chn g nhng iu vi phm Hin chng Lin hp quc. " /c Linh ni: ..."Phi gii
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quyt vn CPC sm. Bn nn tm mi cch thc hin ha hp dn tc, va nh Khmer , va c truyn n ku gi Khmer , li ko Sihanouk, Son San. Khng nn nu vn dit chng v s khng phn ha c Khmer ... Khng nn gng vi Sihanouk, khng nn gng vn Ch tch, Ph Ch tch..." . /c V Ch Cng: "BCT bn nhiu ln v nht tr cn gii quyt vn CPC bng gii php chnh tr, ko di mi s nguy him... "; /c L c Anh: ..."Vn dit chng, pha VN ta khng nn ni nhiu v ng vo tim c ca TQ, trong khi ta phi lm cho TQ du i trong vn CPC...". /c Linh: "nu ni rng TQ v M nh nhau, ti khng ng ". Cui cng, /c Nguyn Vn Linh kt lun: 1) V cc ni dung vn kin, ta phi hp vi CPC v Lo cng mt s nc khc tip tc u tranh, vn dng Hin chng Lin hp quc. 2) V SNC, ta khng th gp kin vi bn c. 3) Sau Hi ngh Trung ng, BCT s nh gi li mt s vn lin quan n ngoi giao nh nhn nh v TQ th no, tuyn b hoc ni v TQ nh th no. /c Thch ni thm vo: ng nh gi li, k c cuc hi m Thnh . - T 23-26/1l/1990: P-5 v 2 ng Ch tch hp ti Paris thng qua d tho vn kin v gii php ton b cho CPC, ku gi cc bn CPC sm hon tt SNC. - Ngy 2/12/1990, /c Nguyn C Thch i Vientiane cng /c V Ch Cng d l 15 nm Quc khnh Lo. Ti Vientiane, /c Thch lm vic vi Th trng ngoi giao CPC Long Visalo v /c Phoun Sipaseut, ph phn mnh d tho Hip nh 26/11 vi phm Hin chng Lin hp quc v dung tng bn dit chng. Ti Vientiane, /c Thch v /c Nguyn Mnh Hng (th k) lm rt cng phu thng k d tho gm bao nhiu iu, bao nhiu phn; nhng iu vi phm Hin chng Lin hip quc, nhng iu c th chp nhn c v khng. C bn l khng chp nhn c. Khi t Vientiane tr v, /c Thch thng bo li Lnh o B Ngoi giao tinh thn ; /c Trn Quang C t khng tn thnh v gp vi CPC nh vy s khng th c gii php chnh tr, vn s li ri b tc v nh hng n tnh hnh kinh t -x hi trong nc ta. /c Thch ni gin, hi sao /c C lo nhiu v kinh t -x hi nh vy. /c Thch ni gia /c Thch v /c C bt u c kin khc nhau v ngh hp ring Lnh o B trao i. Bui chiu, Lnh o B hp, /c Thch du i, /c C khng lm gng nhng ni r kin ca mnh. - Ngy 8/12/1990, /c Thch gi bo co cho BCT theo tinh thn chun b Vientiane, nhn nh d tho ny xu hn c vn kin khung P -5; ngh thi ta i tn trng Hin chng Lin hp quc v phi ngn chn ch dit chng lp li. /c Thch ngh BCT cho kin 10/12/1990, Hun Sen ra H Ni bo v lun n Ph tin s /c Thch s lm vic.
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/c Phm Vn ng cho kin v bo co ny: ng cch phn tch nhng nhn vn ni b CPC do CPC pht biu, ta ng h . /c vit thm: "Ti khng hiu l chng ta lm cch no bn CPC l ngi ch ng ra phng n ca mnh... Theo ti bit th trong tnh hnh hin nay nhng iu ni trn rt khng d thc hin v nu bn CPC khng ch ng nh ni trn th chng ta khng th lm thay c. l iu cn ch v cn trnh bi v n c th a n nhng iu rt phc tp. kin ti tm tt nh trn bi v cc anh u r tnh hnh cho nn ti khng cn ni nhiu. - Ngy 11/12/1990, /c Thch lm vic vi Hun Sen theo tinh thn trn. Hun Sen ng v ngh ta gp kin c th cn i hi b sung nh th no. kin c nhn ti [tc gi?] n lc ny khng th b sung na v vn kin khung bao gm nhng iu c bn m ta khng chp nhn nhng ta khng th lm g hn v P-5 p t v SNC hp Jakarta 1 0/9/1990 chp nhn. - Ngy 21-23/12/1990, hai ng Ch tch Hi ngh quc t Paris v CPC (PICC), i din TTK/LHQ hp vi SNC ti Paris thng qua tuyn b cui cng chp nhn d tho Hip nh do P-5 v 2 ng Ch tch d tho. Lc ny, /c Nguyn Thanh Bnh i d i hi ng Cng sn Php, ti c i cng sang Paris nhng ch theo di cuc hp v CPC. Ti cuc hp ny, Hun Sen m khng d ht cc cuc hp v giao cho Tea Banh ch tr. (Cng c th Hun Sen ly c m trnh hp). Hn gp ti ti khch sn Paris, Hun Sen t ra rt mt mi ngh ti bo co vi /c Nguyn C Thch rng Hun Sen lm ht sc mnh nhng khng th lm c g hn na v SNC chp nhn ton b vn kin khung P-5, CPC buc lng phi chp nhn d tho Hip nh ca P -5 v 2 ng ch tch PICC. - Theo yu cu ca CPC, t 15-16/1/1991, /c Trn Quang C cng 3 chuyn vin Adhoc [Nhm c bit] CPC ca B Ngoi giao (L Cng Phng, Hunh Anh Dng, V Tin Phc) sang CPC lm vic vi nhm B -l ca CPC. Ngy 16/1/1991, Hun Sen tip /c Trn Quang C, ni: Nhn gii php chnh tr vo lc ny th "ni b CPC s hn lon", "xu hng mnh nht trong ni b s chng li" v Hun Sen ni trong cuc hp Trung ng ngy mai (17/1/1991) s thng bo quyt nh ca BCT CPC "nm 1991 s cha c gii php chnh tr". - T ngy 24-25/1/1991, ti thnh ph H Ch Minh, nhn hp Hi ngh Trung ng 9, BCT nghe /c Trn Quang C trnh by n u tranh v CPC theo hng "khi trao i vi CPC v nhng mt ni b ca vn CPC, ta s gi nhng phng hng khc nhau CPC la chn, ta ni r l gi v tu CPC quyt nh ta s tn trng" . /c C cng bo co kt qu i CPC 15-16/1/1991 v CPC khng mun i vo gii php lc ny. - Theo ch th ca /c Nguyn C Thch, ngy 7/2/1991, ti sang CPC lm vic vi nhm gii php CPC ca B Ngoi giao CPC v kin ca ta b sung sa i d tho Hip nh 26/11/1990, Th trng ngoi giao Sok An tip
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ti v thng bo ngy 8/2/1991 BCT CPC quyt nh khng Lin hp quc t chc tng tuyn c m Lin hp quc ch c nhim v gim st v kim sot. Ti 9/2/1991, Hun Sen cng thng bo anh Ng in nh vy. - Ngy 7/3/1991, /c Nguyn C Thch in cho anh Ng in: " 1) Ngy 24/2, Anh Nguyn Vn Linh gp ring Heng Somrin ( H Ni) gi v vn CPC. Cuc gp ch c Anh Linh v Heng Somrin. Anh Linh gi l lc ny nn tp trung vo vic i ph vi vn kin P-5. Mun nh vy cn thc hin tt chnh sch ho hp dn tc, khng nn nhn mnh vn dit chng, cn tranh th c 3 phi kia nn nhn SNC gm 3 thnh vin, Sihanouk lm Ch tch. Anh Linh ni cn c sch lc tranh ch TQ. Anh [Linh] cho ti bit Heng Somrin suy ngh hi lu ri ni l c nhn c th ng nhng cn v bn vi ni b CPC v c kin khc nhau. 2) Ngy 5/5, anh Ba Cung bo co anh L c Anh: Ngy 4/3, Hun Sen gp anh Ba Cung, Heng Somrin bo co vi BCT v kin Anh Linh. Cc /c trong BCT bn khon v ngi rng /c Heng Somrin khng tho ting Vit nn c th sai st. Anh nn gp anh Hun Sen v Ba Cung hi r kin ca BCT bn." Anh Ng in bo co: "Chiu ngy 8/3/1991, ti gp anh Hun Sen. Ti cha hi, anh Hun Sen ch ng ni: Anh Heng Somrin t H Ni v c thut li BCT nhng gi ca Anh Nguyn Vn Linh. Mt s /c BCT s rng Anh Heng Somrin nghe ting Vit khng rnh, ghi chp li chm, do khng nm c k kin Anh Linh. Nhn chuyn i H Ni sp ti, anh Hun Sen c giao ni r nh ca CPC ng thi trao i thm v nhng bc i sp ti. a) V dit chng: nht tr l v chin lc cn tranh th TQ nhng v sch lc nn s dng con bi Khmer trong u tranh chnh tr ngoi giao nh th no? Nu TQ i vo hng Gii php , quyn li ca h l hin i ho, mun th phi tranh th M, phng Ty. b) V Sihanouk: BCT trao i v gi Anh Linh nhn Sihanouk lm ngi th 13 v Ch tch SNC, v ta khng c g phi s do SNC phi quyt nh consensus. Chng ti thy 2 iu bt li : - S gy chia r trong ni b: trc c gng li Sihanouk vo, nhiu ln nhn nhng, m Sihanouk lun i kin lm ti cng chn. Cng nhn nhng, y cng lm cao v trn thc t uy tn ca y cng tng thm nh ta nhng. Nay y vit v, c th ri s tnh sau. - To iu kin cho Sihanouk v ng bn li cho ta. H s ni l do ta ngn cn t thng 9/1990 nn m phn ngng tr, nay b qu phi nhn Sihanouk. Ho ra ta cho n khng c cng m cn b li. " Lc ny, c th do b sc p t nhiu pha, CPC li thay i thi , ch trng khng i vo gii php chnh tr na. C my s kin: Hi ngh Trung ng ln th 12 ca ng nhn dn Cch mng CPC ( 1729/1/1991) ch trng nm 1991 cha i vo gii php chnh tr. Ngy 8/2/1991, BCT CPC hp v ngy 11/2/1991 ra ngh quyt v phng hng u tranh ngoi giao ti, ch trng hn ch ti a vai tr ca
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Lin hp quc cng nh ca c SNC. Ngy 3/3/1991, B trng ngoi giao CPC c thng bo ni b cho cc i s CPC ngoi nc ch trng trn. Do thng 1/1990 Quc hi CPC chnh thc thng qua quyt nh giao cho Lin hp quc t chc tng tuyn c, Quc hi CPC hp phin hp kn v bt thng (28/2-l/3/1991) sa li v thng qua quyt nh hn ch vai tr ca Lin hp quc, biu quyt thng qua 7 im: 1) Hip nh phi nu cc bin php c th ngn ch dit chng. 2) Gi nguyn trng chnh tr v qun s trc tng tuyn c. 3) Lin hp quc phi tn trng Hin chng LHQ, ch quyn v quyn t quyt ca CPC: Lin hp quc v nc ngoi ch tham gia gii quyt mt quc t ca vn CPC khng c can thip cng vic ni b CPC. 4) Cng vic ni b CPC do SNC quyt nh. 5) SNC son tho lut bu c, th tc bu c. 6) Lin hp quc ch gm cc nhn vin kim sot qun s, khng cn lc lng gi gn ha bnh. 7) i din TTK/LHQ khng c giao quyn quyt nh cui cng. Trong k hp, Chea Sim c din vn khai mc v b mc, Hun Sen bo co v qu trnh m phn v d tho Hip nh ca 5 nc ln. Chea Sim ni: "Ngi ta khng c p nhn dn CPC chp nhn nhng g tri vi li ch ca mnh. S tht khng ai hiu su vn CPC hn ngi CPC ". Hun Sen ni: "u tranh bo v c lp, hnh phc v chn l, nht nh s gp nhiu kh khn nhng chng ta vt qua nhng kh khn ln nht." ...Vn quan trng khng phi ch l kh khn n mc no m l ch ta c dm vt qua khng? Trc ht phi xy dng v gi vng lng yu nc, yu dn tc v dm hy sinh v c lp v ch quyn quc gia." Hun Sen ph phn cng thc 6+2+2+2+l v ni: "Nh cc i biu bit, vn SNC ny rt phc tp, thot c chng ta phi u tranh khc phc v lm tht bi m mu k th v bn ng h chng n khng t u, mc d SNC c thnh lp trn c s hai bn bnh ng, nhng ngi ta mun bin n thnh 4 bn theo cng thc 6+2+2+2+1 v vn Ch tch lm cho SNC khng hot ng c." Hun Sen cn ni: "Chp nhn ton b vn kin (ca 5 nc ln), chng ta s vo a v thp hn l ch thuc a, v l hnh ng t st." - Ngy 7/3/1991, mt tinh 5 vn ngi trc Hong Cung Phnom Penh hoan nghnh Ngh quyt mi ca Quc hi CPC, Hun Sen pht biu rt hng bin my ting ng h nhn c lp, t ch, i tn trng ch quyn CPC. Trong mt tinh c c khu hiu ting Anh, Php "Khng ai hiu CPC hn ngi CPC". - Ngy 12/3/1991, Hun Sen ra H Ni bo v lun n Tin s. Sng 13/3, anh Ngc, Th k anh L c Anh truyn t cho ti kin ca anh L c Anh thng bo vi anh Thch:
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Chiu 12/3, Anh L c Anh lm vic vi Hun Sen, Tea Banh. Hun Sen v Tea Banh thng bo li tnh hnh trong thi gian va qua v hi li ca BCT trong cuc anh Linh v anh L c Anh lm vic vi anh Heng Somrin H Ni va qua. Bn hon ton nht tr kin ca ta, khng c g gy cn. V tnh hnh chung: bn thng bo tnh hnh chung tt ln. V u tranh cho gii php: Hun Sen v Tea Banh tn thnh cn i vo gii php chnh tr. Nht tr SNC s do Sihanouk lm Ch tch; Hun Sen, Ph Ch tch, khng t vn ng ch tch nh trc. Nht tr thu hp li din i tng u s dit chng phi loi tr, khng m rng ra na. i vi Sihanouk, nht tr cn c c gng tranh th Sihanouk, to iu kin c cuc gp mang tnh cht c nhn gia Hun Sen v Sihanouk. Khng cn i tch bch mt ni b ring, mt quc t ring na." Chiu 13/3/1991, /c Nguyn C Thch gp Hun Sen trong 2 gi. Hun Sen ni s p ng gi ca n l c "din n anh em" gia Hun SenSihanouk. V dit chng, Hun Sen ni dt khot: khng th b vn dit chng. Ti 17/3, Trung ng ng ta chiu i mng Hun Sen bo v thnh cng lun n Tin s. Gp anh Thch sau chiu i, Hun Sen ngh VN qun l Pen Sovan cht ch hn. Va qua b Lia, thuc Hong tc CPC, n H Ni gp Pen Sovan. Sau Pen Sovan vit th v CPC ni sp c VN cho v CPC. CPC rt lo ngi v vic qun l Pen Sovan v c bit v tin Pen Sovan s tr li CPC. 16 gi ngy 13/3/1991, sau khi kt thc cuc gp gia anh Thch v Hun Sen Nh khch H Ty, anh Ng in ngi li ni chuyn vi Hun Sen. Hun Sen ni: May qu, ra y nghe cc anh ni vy th r ra. Anh Heng Somrin nghe khng nm ht. Vn dit chng khng th b ch c vn l sch lc phn ho k th. Vn dit chng phi gi sau ny bn c gi. Cn SNC th Sihanouk lm Ch tch. Ti, Ph Ch tch. Khng th nhn 13, cn th 12 hoc 14. Anh Heng Somrin H Ni v th hp BCT. Nghe anh Heng Somrin ni, nhiu /c BCT ngc nhin. Nu nh vy th suy ngh ca VN v CPC khc nhau nhiu. Anh Say Chhum rt lo lng ngh BCT nn c mt on 3 -4 ngi i H Ni nghe k v trao i. BCT bn v ngh anh Hun Sen, anh Tea Banh vn c k hoch i H Ni th nn i sm trao i cho r. Ra y, gp anh L c Anh, nghe anh L c Anh th thy r khng c vn g, ch do anh Heng Somrin nghe nhm. Chng l khc nhau nhiu n th. V Sihanouk, anh L c Anh nu nn li ko Sihanouk v c nguyn tc consensus. Cn 12 hay 13 khng thnh vn . Ti ni nu ta nhn 13 th rt bt li k th s li cho ta, Sihanouk s lm cao, ch c th nhn Sihanouk Ch tch v Hun Sen, Ph Ch tch. (Anh Ng in bo co anh Trn Quang C sang 14/3). - Ngy 13/4/1991, BCT bn nh gi tnh hnh th gii, bui sng /c Thch c bn bo co di n gn ht bui hp mi kt thc. Bui chiu, /c Ln Tng cc 2 B Quc phng li trnh by mt bn bo co rt di ngc li
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hon ton kin /c Thch. /c Nguyn Vn Linh nhn xt ni bn trnh by sng v chiu c nhiu ch khc nhau qu. /c Thch ngh 3 ngnh quc phng, an ninh, i ngoi tho lun i ti nht tr. /c Phm Vn ng ni: Ni khi hi lc ny tht khng phi l. Chng ta cn c gng lm vic ng lng tm, nghim chnh, ng trch nhim ca mnh. BCT giao cho 3 /c ph trch 3 ngnh lm nhng li cha lm. /c Phm Vn ng ni thm: Nn gi ti liu thng xuyn, nghe th ny mt nhiu th gi. Ba /c nn ngi vo nh gi tnh hnh xem ci g nht tr, ci g cha. Lm vic nh th ny khng c hiu qu. Ngy 15/5/1991, /c Th trng quc phng Trn Vn Quang sang CPC d Hi ngh tng kt ma kh ca CPC. Theo ch th ca /c L c Anh, /c Trn Vn Quang t vn vi CPC v rt chuyn gia. TBT Heng Somrin ni BCT CPC bn nht tr s rt chuyn gia trc khi c kim chng ca Lin hp quc. Trc mt c th rt [mt] b phn vo thng 6/1991, s t cn li s tu hon cnh m rt sau. Hun Sen ni thng 6/1991 rt khong 1.200, cn li khong 200 Qun khu 4 v 5 (Battambang v Siem Reap). Chiu 19/5/1991, /c Trn Vn Quang v Th trng Quc phng CPC Ker Kimm Yan k Hip nh hp tc qun s nm 1991 theo tinh thn trn: rt ht 1.200 vo thng 6/1991; rt ht chuyn gia Qun khu 1, 2, 3 (Kandal, Komp ong Cham, Kratie); Qun khu 4, 5 mi ni li 20; 3 s on ca CPC: F286, F4, F196 mi ni gi li 42; K.88 gi li 25; tng s chuyn gia qun s cn li l 191. - Ngy 15-17/5/1991, BCT ta hp nh gi tnh hnh th gii v cng tc i ngoi (c trch bin bn km theo). - Ngy 2/6/1991: Hun Sen v Sihanouk gp nhau ti Jakarta, tho thun Sihanouk lm Ch tch v Hun lm Ph Ch tch, ph v cuc khng hong v SNC ko di t thng 9/1990 v m ng i tho thun mt gii php chnh tr v CPC. Sihanouk nhn li tr v Phnom Penh vo thng 11/1991 d c hay khng c gii php chnh tr. - i hi ln th VII ng Cng sn VN. hp t 17 -22/6/1991, bu TBT v BCT mi, ch trng y mnh i mi, thi hnh chnh sch i ngoi rng m, a dng ho vi tinh thn "VN mun l bn vi tt c cc nc trong cng ng quc t phn u v ha bnh, c lp v pht trin." - Ngy 27/6/1991, trong hp SNC ti Pattaya, Sihanouk mi Hun Sen i Bc Kinh 15/7 ri i Bnh Nhng 18/7 tip tc cuc gp ring gia 2 ngi. - Ngy 8/7/1991, BCT CPC ra ngh quyt ch trng: trong tnh hnh mi, c gng hon thnh mt gii php chnh tr", ch trng li ko Sihanouk v TQ.

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- Ngy 13/7/1991, /c TBT Mi, L c Anh v o Duy Tng hp bn v vn CPC trc khi Hun Sen i TQ (ln u t 1979). Tham d c /c B th Trung ng Hng H v cc /c Hong Bch Sn, Nguyn Quang To, Trnh Ngc Thi, Trn Quang C, Nguyn Dy Nin, L Mai. Trong cuc hp, /c L c Anh ni: "Ln ny anh Hun Sen i gp lnh o TQ c gng thnh cng, vic ny c li cho ta. Phi thy y l kt thc mt giai on u tranh, chuyn sang mt giai on u tranh mi, cuc u tranh cn di, cha phi kt thc vn CPC. Vi ta c th l kt thc, vi bn ch l chuyn giai on u tranh... Thnh bi trong giai on ny tu bn... Thc y quan h vi TQ, nhng phi thy chuyn ny v v sau khng n gin... Ni vi anh Hun Sen khng [th] ni ht v qua Hun Sen, TQ c th khai thc. - Ngy 1 5/7/1 991, /c Nguyn C Thch gp Hun Sen ti Sn bay quc t Ni Bi, Hun Sen thng bo tinh thn Ngh quyt BCT CPC chuyn t giai on "va nh, va m" sang giai on "va xy dng lc lng, va m phn", ch trng tm cch tranh th li ko v c chnh sch lu di vi Sihanouk, tranh th TQ. - Ngy 16-17/7/1991, SNC hp ti Bc Kinh di s quan st ca i din 2 ng ch tch PICC, TTK/LHQ v TQ, tho thun Sihanouk lm Ch tch SNC, khng c Ph Ch tch, gi li C cu SNC 12 thnh vin; Sihanouk t chc Ch tch lin hip 3 phi. Sau Bc Kinh, Hun Sen i thm Bnh Nhng. - Ngy 24/7/1991, /c TBT Mi gp Hun Sen ti H ni sau chuyn i thm TQ v Triu Tin ca Hun Sen, Hun Sen c gp Tin K Tham v Kim Nht Thnh v cuc hp SNC Bc Kinh t kt qu, Sihanouk c bu lm Ch tch SNC. Hun Sen t rt phn khi v kt qu chuyn i, ni "Ln ny vui lm. Mi ln cng vui nhng khng i vo c th ", Hun Sen thng bo ch trng tch cc tranh th Sihanouk,tranh th c TQ v lc quan v gii php chnh tr. - T ngy 28/7-2/8/1991, /c L c Anh sang thm v lm vic ni b TQ. Cng i c /c Hng H, b th Trung ng, Trnh Ngc Thi, Ph Ban i ngoi. /c L c Anh gii thiu v ni dung i hi VII, v bnh thng ha quan h 2 nc. /c L c Anh v Hng H hi m vi Kiu Thch, U vin thng v BCT, Chu Lng, Trng ban i ngoi; gp Th tng L Bng; TBT Giang Trch Dn tip v chiu i. Trong dp ny, /c L c Anh c bui gp vi T n Tn chiu 29/7/1991 ti iu Ng i37, /c L c Anh n i: "Nm ngoi khi /c T n Tn sang VN xy ra mt s trc trc khng hay lm, do pha chng ti gy ra. /c Nguyn Vn Linh v chng ti khi bit vic ny, chng ti khng vui lm. /c thay mt chnh ph TQ sang VN cng chng ti tho lun gii quyt cng vic nhng li xy ra trc trc, chng ti khng vui lm. Hm nay gp /c ti ni tnh cm ca /c Nguyn Vn Linh, Mi v ca ti. Mong rng
37

Nh khch Chnh ph Trung Quc Bc Kinh.

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sau ny khng xy ra nhng trc trc nh th na... Tnh hnh trc trc trong quan h nc l mt vic au, lng... Ti ng l khng nn nu vn dit chng. Ti cng ni nhiu ln vi /c Heng Somrin v Hun Sen." T n Tn ni: Gc l vn CPC... Song song vi vic gii quyt vn CPC th tin hnh bnh thng ha quan h Vit-Trung... Nu vn CPC c gii quyt xong, cc /c sang th vic bnh thng ha quan h s rt tt. Nu cc /c lnh o VN sang TQ m ci ui CPC cn th chng ti kh ni vi nhn dn... Thng 6/1990, mt c hi, nay loi tr hon ton vai tr Lin hp quc th khng c na." Ti 31/7/1991, /c Hng H cng Trnh Ngc Thi gp T n Tn. Cng d c Trng T Giang, T Kin Quc, H Cn Vn. /c Hng H ni: "Sau chuyn i TQ ln ny, /c L c Anh v ti phi v gp /c Nguyn Dy Nin H Ni. Chng ti phi bo co BCT BCT c kin ch o trc khi /c Nguyn Dy Nin i TQ, khng nhng v ni dung m v c tinh thn v thi lm vic. lm c nh vy, chng ti ngh hon cuc gp Th trng vi ngy c th gi chun b tt. Trc y d nh cuc hp Th trng t 5 n 8/8, nay ngh t 8 n 10/8. /c Trnh Ngc Thi s li tham d cng /c Nguyn Dy Nin. Nu cuc gp khng nm c tinh thn cc bui lm vic ca chng ti vi cc /c lnh o TQ th kh c kt qu... /c L c Anh v ti s lm vic trc tip vi /c Nguyn Dy Nin. Nu chun b tt, cuc gp Th trng s khng ko di. Tinh thn ca chng ti l phn u lm cho cuc gp thnh cng." T n Tn ni: "Cuc gp Th trng rt quan trng, phi lm cho c kt qu. Tip SNC hp Bangkok, TQ v VN c i din Bangkok trao i kin gp phn lm cho cuc hp SNC c kt qu. Ti sn sng gp cc /c Bangkok." - Sng 4/8/1991, ti Vn phng Trung ng ng (4 Nguyn Cnh Chn), /c L c Anh v /c Hng H lm vic vi /c Th trng Trn Quang C v Nguyn Dy Nin v n hp Th trng ngoi giao Vit -Trung. /c L c Anh pht biu nh sau: "Hai vn i ngoi ln ta bn: bnh thng ha quan h vi TQ v ph cm vn ca M. Gii quyt c 2 vn ny s bung ra ht vn khc. Hai vn ny tc ng qua li ln nhau. Sang TQ ln ny ta phi gii quyt. Nhng gii quyt 2 vn ny ta khng c qun 3 nc ng Dng. Trnh ng xy ra trc trc vn g trong quan h 2 nc. Ta c 3 vn v CPC cn nm chc. V quan h 2 nc, 2 ng c mt bc khai thng quan trng. C gng khng trc trc i n gp cp cao chnh thc. Phi ni ta c gng t khi sa Hin php mi n sau i hi VII mi gii quyt. Trong vn vi TQ, khch quan m ni cng m u bng vn CPC. Bn kia nh ta, ta phn ng li. Vn CPC l vn gia VN -TQ. Ta khng tha nhn vn ny l khng ng. Ta phi gii quyt vn ny. TQ cng ngn lm ri. 10 triu la mt nm (?) cng khng phi t. Ta cng mt.

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Khi ti trong Nam, anh Chu Huy Mn vo ph bin vic a qun sang CPC, ti ni ngay lc l ngay Ty Nguyn ta lm 3 nm ri c c u mc d ta c ng, c c s li l ngi dn tc mnh. Vn khng n gin. Ta vo CPC, Thi Lan s. Khi ta gii phng min Nam h s, vo CPC h cng s. Tuy ta kin tr bnh thng ha quan h vi TQ nhng khng c. Vn CPC c tin trin l do trng thnh ca bn CPC v c gng ngoi giao ca ta. Bn CPC cng tng bc nhn thc c vn . Bn CPC lc th ny lc th khc l iu tt yu c th hiu c. Qu trnh cho n khi gp cp cao Thnh l do cch t vn ca TQ khng ng. ng l quan h ng tt ri tc ng gii quyt vn CPC th thun hn. Ta mun nh vy nhng TQ li khc. By gi TQ mun thot ra v mun gi s din nc ln. Khch quan l nh vy. Anh ng h ch dit chng phi thot ra nh th no gi s din. y l vn tm l. Trong ba n, ti ni vi Giang Trch Dn l TQ nc ln, VN nc nh, Giang Trch Dn ni con chim chch tuy b nhng cng gan mt. V quan h 2 nc, cch t vn ca TQ khc. V CPC, L Bng ni ch gi ci khung m TQ k vi t cch l mt trong 5 nc HBA nhng h tha nhn l vn kin c iu khng hp l. Ci khung ny cc bn CPC tha nhn, cp cao Thnh tha nhn v tr thnh vn php l. y l ci vng Kim c. Vn kin khung c 2 im quan trng: Lin hp quc t chc tng tuyn c v quyn qun l hnh chnh 5 B, cn vn qun i ch nu qua. Vn t ra l bn thy nguy, bn ngh ly vn dit chng ph vng Kim c ny. l suy ngh ng nhng khng c. Sau Vng Vnh, TQ cng thy Lin hp quc qu ln cng nguy cho TQ. TQ mun thay i nhng TQ khng mun ng ra thay i. Ta lm sao ni thn tnh ta mun CPC c lp, trung lp CPC ch c th l mt nc tin hnh cch mng dn tc dn ch, c quan h quc t rng ri tranh th u t nc ngoi. iu kin CPC khng th i ln ngay CNXH c. Ta khng cn lin minh qun s, chnh tr vi CPC. Ta ch cn hu ngh vi CPC nhng khng n gin v vn lch s b nc ngoi kch ng thm. Vn l ta c gi th cho bn, lm sao ta v TQ thng nht vi nhau gi mt CPC c lp, trung lp, khng b nc ngoi chim ng. T , ti ni dt khot, ta khng nu vn dit chng. Chng ti s ni vi bn ci ny. Anh khng th ly ci ny ph vng Kim c. Anh ly ci ny th TQ ng v pha P-5. Anh nh vo tim TQ, TQ bc, ng v pha 5 nc p anh bt li cho bn. Lin X, Php, TQ u thy hp l cn phi sa. Ta v TQ tho thun, ta g s din cho TQ th gii quyt c Ta cn to iu kin TQ g c s din ta gii quyt vn ln. Ti ni vi bn CPC, trong qun chng, trong nhn dn khng th bung vn dit chng. Khi Sihanouk v, dn Sihanouk i xem nng cao tinh thn dn tc nng cao mt tch cc ca Sihanouk. Sihanouk ni vy ch cha bao gi tn mt thy ti c dit chng. Gi vn dit chng th no cho thc cht. Khng th ngi vi Khieu Samphan, Son Sen m ni dit chng, tc l chi vo mt n th lm sao ha hp dn tc. Ta phn tch k nhng khng can thip cng vic ni b bn.
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Ta ni vi TQ v ng tc ng cc bn CPC b qua qu kh, khng tr li sai lm c, ta mun CPC ho hp dn tc thc s, b qua qu kh. Ti ni vi TQ bn thn vn ny l vn nhn o, hai bn TQ-VN cn tip tc tc ng v sau. Min chng ta thng nht vi nhau th c th ni vi bn CPC c. Ta ni trn tinh thn ngi cng sn. Vn th hai l vn qun i. M, Ahmed mun gii gip hon ton qun i CPC. Xu hng chung trn th gii l mi ngi mun gim qun, X M gim chy ua v trang. Ta ni cc nc chm dt vin tr qun s, cc bn CPC nn gim qun. C ngng bn v chm dt vin tr, nn gim qun. Gii gip ngay s l mt vt thng qu au. Gim bao nhiu do cc bn CPC tho thun. Nu m bn CPC ni gim 50% th thc cht l khng gim do qun s ma. Ta c th ghi vo giy l c th gim qun gim bt ng gp ca nhn dn. Cn T n Tn hi gim bao nhiu, ta ngh TQ a ra phng n. Ta c th thng nht gim 50%, TQ tc ng i, VN ph thm. TQ ni Thi Lan c. Cha chc TQ dm chu ghi bin bn iu ny. TQ tc ng, VN h tr. Nu chng ti tho thun th tc l can thip cng vic ni b ngi ta, phc tp lm. Ta phi lm cho bn CPC, ta lm tt c iu ny v li ch ca ng, Chnh ph v nhn dn CPC. Cc anh lo l phi nhng ta c cch. Qun i khng can thip vo tng tuyn c, trong doanh tri, i ra ngoi khng mang v kh. Vn th ba l vai tr Lin hp quc: Cn nng cao vai tr SNC, hn ch Lin hp quc. Ta hi TQ nh th no. TQ nn tc ng 4 bn CPC nng cao vai tr SNC ln n mc no th VN s phi hp. V t chc b my Lin hp quc, ta khng chp nhn c qun i Lin hp quc, ta ch chp nhn nhn vin qun s. VN v TQ nn thng nht vn ny v tc ng cc bn CPC. Khng th chp nhn i qun chim ng ca Lin hp quc. Ta kin quyt ci ny, khng chp nhn v tri vi Hin chng Lin hp quc. TQ khng ng , ra Hi ngh quc t ta cng bo lu ci ny. ng ta a trc vn quan h 2 nc, chun b gp Ngoi trng, gp cp cao. Vn CPC tn ti 3 vn nh trn. Ta ng trao i vn ny nhng khng phi l thng lng. Nu nhc vn dit chng th ta dn TQ vo th i vi 5 nc. Nu qun i Lin hp quc vo CPC, ta li phi a qun xung bin gii. a qun vo khng phi i ph vi Lin hp quc m i qun Lin hp quc s lm ch da cho bn Khmer phn ng nh ta. Ta s li phi tng qun s, c mt vng ph nhiu ng bng sng Cu Long nh An Giang, ng Thp... li b hoang". /c Hng H ni: "Ta khng nh vi TQ trong on cn c anh Trnh Ngc Thi."
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/c L c Anh: "Anh Nin sang c gng gii to quan h gia hai B Ngoi giao. ...Ni tht, ta cng b Pol Pot dit chng. ng bo ta An Giang b h sang st hi gh gm. Nhng v ta v i ngha v vn ln phi thot ra. " Bui chiu 4/8/1991, Thng trc BCT v BBT hp cho kin tinh thn nh /c L c Anh cho kin ban sng. - T ngy 8-10/8/1991, Th trng Nguyn Dy Nin thm v tin hnh hp Th trng ngoi giao 2 nc (anh Trnh Ngc Thi sang TQ vi /c L c Anh t cui thng 7/1991 li ch d cuc gp ny). Sau khi bn bc, hai bn ra thng co bo ch chung: hoan nghnh Sihanouk lm Ch tch SNC, ng h vn kin khung Lin hp quc, khuyn khch gii php chnh tr ton din v ho hp dn tc v trao i kin v bnh thng ha quan h 2 nc. Ngy 10/8/1991, ng ngy Quc hi VN thng qua vic /c Nguyn C Thch thi chc B trng ngoi giao v b nhim /c Nguyn Mnh Cm lm B trng B ngoi giao, Ngoi trng TQ Tin K Tham tip /c Nguyn Dy Nin mi B trng ngoi giao VN thm TQ vo 10/9/1991 chun b cho cuc gp cp cao. - Ngy 13/8/1991, Hi ngh Trung ng ln th 13 ca CPC ra ngh quyt i vo gii php chnh tr, ra khu hiu hnh ng "Tt c v bu c" thi khng ni cng sn v ch ngha Marx-Lenin. - Ngy 26-28/8/1991, SNC hp ti Pattaya (Thi Lan) chp nhn ton b vn kin khung v d tho Hip nh ca P -5. Ngy 30/8, P-5 hp vi SNC tho thun triu tp Hi ngh quc t Paris v CPC trc cui thng 10/1991 . Theo tho thun vi TQ, /c Th trng Nguyn Dy Nin v T n Tn cng n Pattaya theo di cuc hp SNC . Trong qu trnh tho lun trong SNC c lc pha Phnom Penh li nu li vn dit chng, mt gi sng (v phi ch bui chiu i qu ko di do Sihanouk v Monique lin tc ht), T n Tn li gp /c Nin ngh VN tc ng v vn dit chng. Ta c thng bo cp thp cho CPC bit TQ, cui cng pha CPC khng nu vn dit chng na v cuc hp t kt qu, TQ hi lng. Dp Pattaya, /c Nguyn Dy Nin, (l quan chc cao cp nht ca ta gp Sihanouk t 1975) n cho Sihanouk v chuyn li /c L c Anh mi Sihanouk thm VN. - Ngy 9/9/1991, B trng B ngoi giao Nguyn Mnh Cm thm chnh thc TQ k Thng co chung nu 5 nguyn tc ch o quan h 2 nc, tho thun on cp cao VN chnh thc thm TQ bnh thng ha quan h 2 nc. - Ngy 20/9/199: P-5 hp vi SNC ti New York; ngy 24/9 Hun Sen chp nhn ton b d tho 26/11/1990, rt b mi b sung. Dp ny /c Trn Quang C c mt New York tham d H/LHQ. Lc u ti New Yor k ta v Lo ngh vi pha CPC lp c ch thng tin cho nhau, pha CPC tin hnh c vi bui ch yu nghe CPC thng bo, sau n nhng ngy cui cng quyt nh th c Lo v ta khng th no gp c CPC. Admed, Ph TTK/LHQ thng bo cho ta, pha CPC rt b mi b sung nhng c Lo v
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ta khng th gp c CPC xc minh. Pht cui cng, khi mi vic ng ng, Hun Sen ra sn bay chun b ri New York, /c C mi gp c Hun Sen, Hun Sen ni tnh hnh CPC, tnh hnh quc t Lin X nh th ny th phi chp nhn nh vy, nh phi rt ht b sung cn gi c b phn qun i, chnh quyn. - BCT v Ban B th hp ti ngy 3 v sng ngy 4/10 di s ch to ca /c TBT Mi cho kin v ch trng ca ta i vi vic k kt Hip nh Paris v CPC. Trong cuc hp, /c Nguyn C Thch c mi n pht biu. n lc ny /c Thch vn c kin khc. /c Thch ni:" Trong m phn khng ai b ch bi. Ta b 2 ch bi ln nht: dit chng, gim qun s. ng l phi ly 2 vn ny ngn Lin hp quc. Con bun nh cng phi mc c. y l cuc m phn ln m ta li b ch bi mc c. Ta c th mnh l Hip nh vi phm Hin chng Lin hp quc. Ta c 2 la chn: khng k; k vi bo lu r rng, k v chp nhn mt quc t nhng k hng chp nhn mt ni b. Cn phi lm ht mc, nu bn CPC khng ng tnh th ta cng khng cn trch nhim lch s. Xin cho thm thi gian ti lm vic vi B Ngoi giao ri BCT bn li... Khi ti n Paris, ti xin gp, anh Hun Sen ng gp... Anh Hun Sen c ni d ti c thi chc v vn yu cu ti tip tc gp vi anh... Nn i CPC trao i vi bn, ti xin xung phong i (2 ln)... Ch quyn CPC b vi phm th ch quyn cc nc b e da. TQ k kt ch tn thnh mt quc t, cn mt ni b ta bo lu v n vi phm ch quyn CPC ". /c Trn Qun C phn ng ni: nh vy th cng qu; lu nay ta ni ta tn trng mi quyt nh ca SNC. /c Thch vn gi kin bo lu v ni thm rng: trc y M cn khng k Hip nh Genve v ng Dng mc d Hi ngh quc t u k. Cui cng BCT kt lun: "Sau khi nghe bo co ca B Ngoi giao v B Quc phng, BCT tho lun v i n kt lun: 1) BCT cho rng, bn quyt tm sm i vo gii php v nhanh chng rt b tt c nhng vn rt quan trng v gii php m lu nay bn u tranh, v chp nhn mt d tho Hip nh rt khng c li. BCT cng cho rng, tnh hnh quc t c nhng thay i ln. M ang ra sc khai thc li th ca mnh, nhm thao tng tnh hnh, thc hin lp trt t quc t mi c li cho chng. Thi cc nc khc trong P-5 ni chung cng la chiu theo M. Cc nc thnh vin Hi ngh Paris cng khng mun gay cn v mun sm gii quyt vn . Trong tnh hnh , tuy ta s phi k Hip nh Paris, nhng gi lp trng nguyn tc nht qun ca ta, trnh vic gii quyt vn CPC tr thnh mt vn lch s trong quan h gia ta v CPC nh tng xy ra, ng thi cho nhn dn VN, nhn dn CPC v nhn dn th gii hiu r lp trng ca ta, BCT ch trng mt mt ta cn gp sm BCT CPC, chn tht, thng thn nu li vi bn nhng vn nguyn tc m lu nay ta vn kin tr, gp vi bn nhng kin cn thit trc khi i vo k kt; mt khc ta bo lu mt cch khn kho vic i gi nguyn tc tn trng Hin chng Lin hp quc v ch quyn CPC v mt s vn lin quan n ch quyn v li ch ca ta.
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2) C /c L c Anh, i din BCT, i trao i vi BCT CPC v: a- nh gi ca ta i vi bn d tho cui cng ca Hip nh. b- Thi ca VN: + VN trc sau vn tun th nguyn tc: cc vn thuc ch quyn ca CPC do lnh o CPC quyt nh. VN tn trng cc quyt nh . Tuy nhin, trn tinh thn ngi cng sn i vi cc /c CPC, chng ta chn thnh nu kin ca chng ta cc /c tham kho. + Khi k kt Hip nh, vi t cch l mt thnh vin Lin hp quc v thnh vin Hi ngh quc t Paris, VN s ra tuyn b Chnh ph ni r lp trng ca mnh khng tn thnh v bo lu i vi cc iu khon Hip nh vi phm Hin chng Lin hp quc v ch quyn ca mt nc thnh vin Lin hp quc... c- Gi bn mt s vic cn lm ngn chn tc ng bt li ca Hip nh sau khi c k kt ... - Ngy 6/10/1991, /c Mi in cho /c L c Anh trn ng i "Thng trc nh bn tip v vn CPC thy rng trong tuyn b v vn CPC sp ti khi k Hip nh Paris, Chnh ph ta cn ni r 3 ln: 1) Thin ch ca ta gp phn vo i n gii php v CPC ( rt ht qun nm 1989). 2) Ta tn trng quyt nh ca SNC. 3) Vic thc hin Hip nh Paris v CPC phi trn C s tn trng Hin chng Lin hp quc, tn trng ch quyn CPC. Ni nh vy l , khng dng t khng tn thnh v bo lu v nh vy t ta vo th i lp gng vi tt c cc nc ng tnh ni dung Hip n h, m ng no Hip nh vn c k. Ti bo li Anh trn y anh lu khi lm vic vi bn." /c L c Anh n Phnom Penh sng ngy 7/10/1991. Sai Phuthong v Hun Sen gp ring bui sng. Bui chiu 14 gi lm vic vi BCT v Ban B th, tt c u vin u c mt. Anh Ng in v anh Ba Cung (ang c mt Phnom Penh) tham d cuc hp. /c L c Anh ni BCT ng Cng sn VN hp bn v gii php chnh tr CPC v c /c sang bo co kin ca BCT VN. nh gi tng qut tnh hnh 12 nm qua, /c L c Anh nu 2 thnh tu ln: - Mt l gii thot nhn dn CPC khi ha dit chng; nhng ngi cng sn CPC ng ln lp mt trn on kt cu nc vi s gip ca ng cng sn v nhn dn VN, cu nhn dn CPC ang trn b vc thm, sau thc hin cuc hi sinh k diu, em li c lp t do v hnh phc bc u cho nhn dn CPC. l thnh tu ng t ho ca nhng ngi cng sn CPC v VN. - Hai l gia 2 ng v nhn dn 2 nc hun c tnh su ngha nng, lm c s cho quan h hu ngh bn vng.
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Trong u tranh cho gii php chnh tr, phn ng gp quan trng nht ca VN l cuc chin u ca qun tnh nguyn VN nhm to th cho qun i CPC. V mc ch , qun VN tin vo nhng vng cha tng ai n, thng vong v st rt rt cao. Qun tnh nguyn VN tr gi rt t, thng vong trn 10 vn, trn c s chin thng, qun VN rt sm hn d nh m thnh qu cch mng CPC vn c gi vng, do thc y tin trnh m phn tm gii php chnh tr cho vn CPC. V gii php, lp trng nguyn tc ca ng chng ti l: Vn CPC do nhn dn CPC quyt nh. Phi tn trng ch quyn nhn dn CPC. Quc t ch gip thi, cao nht l gim st v kim sot, tuyt i khng c vi phm ch quyn. T u cho n nay, ng chng ti gi lp trng ny, khng bao gi ng tnh cho Lin hp quc t chc tng tuyn c v lm thi cai tr CPC. Tuy nhin, chng ti tn trng quyt nh ca CPC; khi CPC cho Lin hp quc t chc tng tuyn c, lp trng ca chng ti vn th nhng ch ng ti tn trng quyn ca CPC, khng lm tr ngi. Chng ti hon ton khng mun Lin hp quc lm thi cai qun CPC trong thi k qu , l lp trng nguyn tc, nhng khi ng CPC quyt nh chp nhn UNTAC, chng ti khng cn tr. Thi VN c 2 v nh vy. Cuc hp BCT ca chng ti va ri khng nh lp trng nguyn tc nh va trnh by... Paris, nu VN phi k Hip nh v tn trng SNC khng phi s b c lp th VN s ra mt tuyn b chnh ph c 3 ni dung: - Thin ch VN gp phn t sm mt gii php chnh tr, th hin bng vic rt ht qun tnh nguyn nm 1989. - Tn trng cc quyt nh ca SNC. - Vic thc hin Hip nh phi trn c s tn trng ch quyn ca CPC v Hin chng Lin hp quc. Chng ti ni vi nhn dn VN: 10 nm qua, ta gi con em i lm ngha v quc t CPC, chng ta lm trn nhim v, nhng ngi cng sn VN t ho mang danh hiu ng vin cng sn. V phn cc /c chc cng nh th. quc chi cng sn, chng ta cng t ho l ngi cng sn. BCT va hp xong gic ti i bo co, cha c vn bn, xin cc /c thng cm, c g sai st xin lng th trn tinh thn ngi cng sn. ngh cc /c chun b nhiu phng n u tranh, mi phng n phi bm dn, bm c s ginh thng li cui cng cho CPC. Anh Heng Somrin ni my li cm n. Anh ni: m phn din ra phc tp, ta c gi lp trng nguyn tc nhng c nhng im 2 ng chng ta nht tr kin tr nhng ri khng gi c, trong 5 nc ln khng cn ai ng h ta. Sp ti cng phc tp nn ta mun hn ch tiu cc. Chng ti s nghin cu tm cch u tranh. Sau , anh Heng Somrin ni v i hi ng bt thng (s hp ngy 16-17/10). Hun Sen pht biu, nu nhng kh khn trong m phn vi tnh hnh quc t bt li Nh nc CPC b c lp trong nhng vn cn li. Hp SNC u, P-5 cng bm theo v to sc p. V quyn quyt nh cui cng ca UNTAC, c trnh a ra rng, i bn trc trong SNC nhng Sihanouk a
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ra, buc Hun Sen phi tr li. Gt khng c, ch c th gim nh i thi. Anh Heng Somrin va ni l tm cch u tranh Paris, nhng ti thy ht cch ri. Ch c VN, Lo, n ng h cn tt c u p mnh. Lin X khc trc, ch n moi tin v truyn t cho pha bn kia, nn chng ti khng dm thng bo k hay bn bc. - Ngy 23/10/1991, ti Trung tm Hi ngh quc t Klber th Paris, cc nc tham gia Hi ngh quc t Paris v CPC d k Hip nh v gii php ton b cho vn CPC. Ngy 3/11/1991, ti H Ni, on ng CPC do Heng Somrin, Chea Sim dn u lm vic vi on i biu ng ta v i mi quan h 2 ng trong tnh hnh mi; ngy 9/11/1991, /c Hng H v Ker Kim an k bin bn v nhng vn cp bch trong quan h 2 ng, 2 nc . Ngy 2431/10/1991, /c Th tng V Vn Kit i thm hu ngh cc nc ASEAN: Indonesia, Thi Lan, Singapore. Ngy 5/11/1991, /c TBT Mi v Th tng V Vn Kit thm hu ngh chnh thc TQ bnh thng ha hon ton quan h 2 ng 2 nc. Ngy 14/11/1991, Sihanouk tr v Phnom Penh. T y kt thc vn VN CPC; quan h Vit -Trung c bnh thng tr li k t 1978; VN-ASEAN chm dt 13 nm i u v vn Camnuchia. T thi im ny m ra mt giai on hon ton mi trong hot ng i ngoi ca ng v Nh nc VN theo hng ta thc hin chnh sch i ngoi rng m, a dng ho v a phng ho vi tinh thn VN mun l bn vi tt c cc nc trong cng ng th gii. * ** Ti ghi chp v k li ht tt c hiu bit ca mnh v giai on 1975 1991, ch yu l vn CPC. Cm tng ca ti l 13 nm tht s qu nng n, bao nhiu vt cht, cng sc k c mu xng xung m chc hu qu cn lu di. Ti ngh rng ta nn tng kt giai on ny t rt ra bi hc cho hot ng ca ta hin nay. Ti khng dm lm tng kt ch xin mnh dn nu mt s suy ngh nh sau. Mt l, trong tng giai on cch mng chng ta nn xc nh mc tiu. v li ch c bn mang tnh cht bao trm ca giai on v mi ng li chin lc v sch lc c i ni v i ngoi ca ta phi phc v cho mc tiu v li ch c bn . Vic xc nh mc tiu v li ch c bn, bao trm phi da trn c s nh gi ng tnh hnh, nh gi ng, chnh xc th v lc ca ta, ht sc trnh ch quan duy ch v iu ny c th dn n nhng hu qu khng lng ht c. Phi chng sau 1975, chng ta nh gi qu mc th v lc ca chng ta nh nhn nh t nc ta mi mi sch bng qun th, khng k th no dm nhm ng na v t ch trng hnh ng ca chng ta c nhng sai lm nht nh. T nhng suy ngh , phi chng nn xc nh mc tiu v li ch bao trm ca ta trong giai on hin nay l phn u "duy tr v cng c mi trng ha bnh, tp trung sc y mnh pht trin kinh t -x hi, thc hin cng nghip ho, hin i ho, xy dng v bo v T quc". Mi c gng cao
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nht ca ta l nhm thc hin mc tiu , khi cn phi hy sinh, li mt bc tin hai bc nh Bc H s dng rt ti tnh sch lc trong nhng nm 1945-1946, phn u khng nhng vn cc b, tm thi c th lm chch hng li ch c bn, bao trm . Hai l, i vi mt nc va v nh nh ta, kinh nghim ca ta cng nh kinh nghim ca th gii l cn phi kin quyt gi vng ng li c lp, t ch, gi quan h cn bng vi tt c cc nc ln. Cn bng y c ni dung l to ra th ng c lp v trong mi hon cnh to c kh nng khai thc mi thun li, hn ch mi bt trc trong quan h vi tt c cc nc ln, cc trung tm kinh t-chnh tr ln trn th gii. thc hin c tt iu , iu cn thit l phi thit lp c mi quan h hu ngh, thn thin vi cc nc lng ging xung quanh ta. Trong bt c hon cnh no cng tuyt i khng i vi mt nc ln ny chng li mt nc ln khc. Ba l, nhn thc ng n vic lm ngha v quc t theo ng lun im ca ch ngha Marx-Lenin. Cch mng khng lm thay. S nghip cch mng l s nghip ca qun chng. Hn na, cch mng nc no lo do bn thn qun chng, nhn dn nc quyt nh, bn ngoi ch c th gip ch khng th lm thay. phi chng l bi hc thm tha ta rt ra c sau 13 nm tn tnh gip cch mng CPC. iu cui cng ti mun ni l, trong quan h vi CPC, chng ta cn thit i su nghin cu c tnh ca ngi CPC. Bn thn ti nhiu nm gn gi v cng tc v CPC nhng tht s cng thy kh kt lun n tng su sc na ca ti l thi ca TQ, qua hn 10 nm theo di thi ca TQ v vn CPC v trong quan h i vi ta, ti cm nhn mt cch mnh m rng i vi VN, nhng kin ca TQ v nhng vn trong quan h hai nc mang nng kin ca "thin triu", nhng iu kin TQ t ra trong quan h vi ta, TQ kin quyt gi t u ch cui, khng h thay i m ch mt mc p ta phi thc hin ng nh iu TQ t ra, khng mt cht nhn nhng, nu cn nhn nhng, TQ c th nhn nhng vi cc nc ln khc ch khng bao gi TQ nhn nhng i vi ta. Lin h iu ny vi tnh trng tranh chp Trng Sa, ti thy y l bi ton rt hc ba v ti khng ngh rng TQ c th c nhn nhng no d l nh i vi ta trong vn ny./. Thng 6 nm 1995

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