Pratt & Whitney JT15D Series (CAT C)

ATA 75 ENGINE AIR

Page 1 of 12

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JT15D - ISSUE 1, 2009

Pratt & Whitney JT15D Series (CAT C)

ATA 75 ENGINE AIR

ATA 75 ENGINE AIR

0 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 1.1 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4 4.1 4.2 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Secondary air system General Turbine cooling and air bleed General Operation Maintenance Bearing compartment sealing Purpose Description Maintenance Symptoms of labyrinth seal problems Anti-icing system Purpose Operation Stator anti-icing valve Purpose Construction Operation Maintenance 3 3 5 5 5 6 7 7 7 7 8 9 9 9 11 11 11 11 11

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JT15D - ISSUE 1, 2009

Pratt & Whitney JT15D Series (CAT C)

ATA 75 ENGINE AIR 1
1.1

SECONDARY AIR SYSTEM

General Of all the air entering the engine core, 25% is used in the combustion process; the remaining 75% is used by the secondary air system.

1.1.1 The secondary air system provides air pressure to: Cool hot section parts Seal bearing compartments Operate the fuel control unit and flow divider valve Anti-ice the inlet cone and compressor front inner stator Cabin air bleed

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JT15D - ISSUE 1, 2009

Pratt & Whitney JT15D Series (CAT C)

ATA 75 ENGINE AIR
1.1.2 Two sources of air are used in the secondary air system: Impeller back face pressure Compressor delivery pressure (P3) 1.1.3 This section is divided into 3 parts: 1 2 3 Turbine cooling and air bleed system Bearing compartment sealing Anti-ice system

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JT15D - ISSUE 1, 2009

Pratt & Whitney JT15D Series (CAT C)

ATA 75 ENGINE AIR 2
2.1

TURBINE COOLING AND AIR BLEED

General Internal passages in the engine, guide P3 and impeller back face air pressure for cooling of various hot section components like; combustion chamber, turbines and turbine stators. P3 air is tapped from the gas generator case for airframe application.

2.2

Operation P3 and impeller back face air pressure are directed with various baffles to provide cooling and prolong hot section components life. Once the air has been used for cooling, it is evacuated in the gas path.

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JT15D - ISSUE 1, 2009

Pratt & Whitney JT15D Series (CAT C)

ATA 75 ENGINE AIR
2.3 Maintenance Keep P3 leaks to a minimum Ensure cooling rings in the combustion chamber are in satisfactory condition Ensure no leak exists on airframe air bleed system

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JT15D - ISSUE 1, 2009

Pratt & Whitney JT15D Series (CAT C)

ATA 75 ENGINE AIR 3
3.1

BEARING COMPARTMENT SEALING

Purpose Prevent oil from leaking outside the bearing cavities.

3.2

Description Impeller back face air pressure is used to prevent oil from leaking into areas where it is not required or where it would be detrimental to the engine operation. A labyrinth air seal consists of two separate parts, one multi-grove ring rotating with the shaft and one stationary ring with a straight surface. A small clearance is maintained between the two parts and pressure air is allowed to leak between them to create the required sealing. Air that flows into bearing compartments is evacuated via the oil scavenge system and discharged overboard through the centrifugal breather impeller located in the accessory gearbox.

3.3

Maintenance Labyrinth seals are normally maintenance free items. Premature wear would be an indication of severe unbalance or bearing distress which would be evident to the crew. A malfunction of the oil system even though improbable, may cause flooding of certain bearing cavities and possible smoke at the exhaust or oil smell in the cabin. No repair is possible at field level.

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JT15D - ISSUE 1, 2009

Pratt & Whitney JT15D Series (CAT C)

ATA 75 ENGINE AIR
3.4 Symptoms of labyrinth seal problems

3.4.1 No. 1 bearing: Oily high pressure compressor Oil smell and/or smoke in the cabin 3.4.2 No. 2 bearing: Oil smell and/or smoke in the cabin Oily high pressure compressor 3.4.3 No. 3 bearing front: Oil smell and smoke in cabin Oil out from inlet cone bolt 3.4.4 No. 3 bearing rear: At Hot Section Inspection evidence of coked oil around compressor turbine 3.4.5 No. 3 /2 bearing front: Oil out from inlet cone bolt 3.4.6 No. 3 /2 bearing rear: At Hot Section Inspection, coked oil around low turbine shaft 3.4.7 No. 4 bearing: Smoke through exhaust on start and shutdown NOTE: Contact a P&WC representative if you suspect any labyrinth seal problems.
1 1

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JT15D - ISSUE 1, 2009

Pratt & Whitney JT15D Series (CAT C)

ATA 75 ENGINE AIR 4
4.1

ANTI-ICING SYSTEM
Purpose Prevent ice formation that could possibly damage the engine core if ingested. The following areas are anti-iced: Inlet cone and cone bolt Compressor front inner stator T1 inlet thermocouple housing

4.2

Operation The inlet cone is heated by the impeller back face air pressure flowing through the fan shaft. The inlet cone double wall construction (JT15D-1, 4 and 5A) or single wall (JT15D-5D) allows hot air to flow rearward where it is discharged via holes into the cone cavity. The air pressure in the cone cavity is routed to the no. 1 bearing labyrinth seal. A small amount of the air that passes through the fan shaft is discharged through the inlet cone bolt.

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JT15D - ISSUE 1, 2009

Pratt & Whitney JT15D Series (CAT C)

ATA 75 ENGINE AIR
The compressor inner stator is heated by P3 air ducted externally to a solenoid valve and to the intermediate case. A channel brings P3 air to the anti-icing air manifold. The air in the annular manifold passes through each of the 38 (JT15D-1 and 4 series) or 52 (JT15D-5 series) front inner stator guide vanes, and is discharged at the tip into the core air flow. The T1 inlet thermocouple housing receives P3 air through an external tube, to provide anti-icing protection for the thermocouple probes.

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JT15D - ISSUE 1, 2009

Pratt & Whitney JT15D Series (CAT C)

ATA 75 ENGINE AIR 5
5.1

STATOR ANTI-ICING VALVE

Purpose Provide P3 air to anti-ice the compressor front inner stator when the "Engine anti-ice" switch is ON.

5.2

Construction One piston Position indicator switch Solenoid valve

5.3

Operation When the solenoid is energised (Anti-ice OFF), the solenoid valve closes the passage. This allows P3 air to pressurise the piston cavity and causes the spring to move the piston up and close the flow of P 3 air to the front inner stator. When the pilot selects "Engine anti-ice" ON, the solenoid de-energises and the valve vents the piston cavity to the atmosphere, causing the cavity pressure to drop. The P3 pressure then pushes the piston against the spring and allows P3 air to flow toward the front inner stator. A position indicator switch gives the pilot an indication that the anti-ice valve is open. In the event of an electrical power loss or solenoid failure, the valve remains open and provides continuous anti-icing.

5.4

Maintenance Refer to vendor manuals for maintenance and repair.

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JT15D - ISSUE 1, 2009

Pratt & Whitney JT15D Series (CAT C)

ATA 75 ENGINE AIR

PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

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JT15D - ISSUE 1, 2009