You are on page 1of 6

Week 4: Suggested Problems

P23.4 A person whose eyes are 1.62 m above the floor stands 2.10 m in front of a vertical plane mirror whose bottom edge is 43 cm above the floor, Fig. 23-49. What is the horizontal distance x to the base of the wall supporting the mirror of the nearest point on the floor that can be seen reflected in the mirror. S23.4 The angle of incidence is the angle of reflection. Thus we have tan = (H h)/L = h/x; (1.62 m 0.43 m)/(2.10 m) = (0.43 m)/x, which gives x = 0.76 m = 76 cm.
L H x h Mirror

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P23.7 Show that if two plane mirrors meet at an angle , a single ray reflected successively from both mirrors is deflected through an angle of 2 independent of the incident angle. Assume < 90 and that only two reflections, one from each mirror, take place. S23.7 For the first reflection at A the angle of incidence 1 is the angle of reflection. For the second reflection at B the angle of incidence 2 is the angle of reflection. We can relate these angles to the angle at which the mirrors meet, , by using the sum of the angles of the triangle ABC: + (90 1) + (90 2) = 180, or = 1 + 2. In the same way, for the triangle ABD, we have + 21 + 22 = 180, or = 180 2(1 + 22) = 180 2 At point D we see that the deflection is
C

2 1 1

= 180 = 180 (180 2) = 2.


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

P23.31 A diver shines a flashlight upward from beneath the water at a 42.5 angle to the vertical. At what angle does the light leave the water? S23.31 We find the angle of refraction in the water from n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2 ; (1.33) sin 42.5 = (1.00) sin 2 , which gives 2 =

60 Water n = 4/3

Air n=1 42.5

64.0.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P23.43 A ray of light enters a light fiber at an angle of 15 with the long axis of the fiber, as in Fig. 23-54. Calculate the distance the light ray travels between successive reflections off the -4 sides of the fiber. Assume that the fiber has an index of refraction of 1.6 and is 10 m in diameter. S23.43 We find the distance L between reflections from d = L sin ; 10 which gives L =
4

m = L sin 15,
4

15 15

15

15

3.9x10

m.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P23.59 (a) An object 31.5 cm in front of a certain lens is imaged 82.0 cm in front of that lens (on the same side as the object). What type of lens is this and what is its focal length? Is the image real or virtual? (b) If the image were located, instead, 38.0 cm in front of the lens, what type of lens would it be and what focal length would it have? S23.59 (a) We find the focal length of the lens from (1/do) + (1/di) = 1/f; (1/31.5 cm) + [1/( 8.20 cm)] = 1/f, which gives f = 11.1 cm (diverging) . The image is in front of the lens, so it is

virtual.

(b) We find the focal length of the lens from (1/do) + (1/di) = 1/f; (1/31.5 cm) + [1/( 38.0 cm)] = 1/f, which gives f = The image is in front of the lens, so it is virtual. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P23.62 How far apart are an object and an image formed by a 75-cm-focal-length converging lens if the image is2.75 times larger than the object and is real?

+ 184 cm (converging).

S23.62 For a real object and image, both do and d i must be positive, so the magnification will be negative: m = di/do ; 2.75 = di/do , or di = 2.75 do . We find the object distance from (1/do) + (1/di) = 1/f; (1/do) + [1/(2.75 do) = 1/(+ 75 mm), which gives do = 102 cm. The image distance is di = 2.75do = 2.75(102 cm) = 281 cm. The distance between object and image is L = do + d i = 102 cm + 281 cm =

382 cm.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Week 4: Assigned Problems to Hand In


P23.14 A dentist wants a small mirror that, when 2.20 cm from a tooth, will produce a 4.5X upright image. What kind of mirror must be used and what must its radius of curvature be? S23.14 We find the image distance from the magnification: m = hi/ho = d i/d o ; + 4.5 = d i/(2.20 cm), which gives di = 9.90 cm. We find the focal length from (1/do) + (1/di) = 1/f; [1/(2.20 cm)] + [1/( 9.90 cm)] = 1/f, which gives f = 2.83 cm. Because the focal length is positive, the mirror is concave with a radius of r = 2f = 2(2.83 cm) =

5.7 cm.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P23.34 Light is incident on an equilateral crown glass prism at a 45.0 angle to one face, Fig. 23-51. Calculate

the angle at which light emerges from the opposite face. Assume that n = 1.52. S23.34. For the refraction at the first surface, we have nair sin 1 = n sin 2 ; (1.00) sin 45.0 = (1.52) sin 2 , which gives 2 = 27.7. We find the angle of incidence at the second surface from (90 2) + (90 3) + A = 180, which gives 3 = A 2 = 60 27.7 = 32.3. For the refraction at the second surface, we have n sin 3 = nair sin 4 ; (1.52) sin 32.3 = (1.00) sin 4 , which gives 4 =
n
1 2 3 4

54.3 from the normal.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P23.52 A stamp collector uses a converging lens with focal length 24 cm to view a stamp 18 cm in front of the lens. (a) Where is the image located? (b) What is the magnification? S23.52 (a) We locate the image from (1/do) + (1/di) = 1/f; (1/18 cm) + (1/di) = 1/24 cm, which gives di = 72 cm. The negative sign means the image is (b) We find the magnification from m = di/do = ( 72 cm)/(18 cm) =

72 cm behind the lens (virtual) .

+ 4.0.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

P23.76 Two plane mirrors are facing each other at a distance of 2.0 m apart as in Fig. 23-56. You stand 1.5 m away from one of these mirrors and look into it. You will see multiple images of yourself. (a) How far away from you are the first three images in the mirror in front of you? (b) Which way are these first three images facing, toward you or away from you?

S23.76 For a plane mirror each image is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front. Each reflection produces a front-to-back reversal. We show the three images and the two intermediate images that are not seen. Your picture is stylized as a semicircle in this figure:
D d

I3

I2

I1

I1

I2

(a) The first image is from a single reflection, so it is d1 = 2D = 2(1.5 m) =

3.0 m

away.

The second image is from two reflections, so it is d2 = L + d + D = 2.0 m + 0.5 m + 1.5 m = The third image is from three reflections, so it is d3 = 2L + D + D = 2(2.0 m) + 1.5 m + 1.5 m = (b) We see from the diagram that the first image is facing the second image is facing the third image is facing

4.0 m

away.

7.0 m

away.

toward you; away from you; toward you.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P23.88 A converging lens with focal length of 10.0 cm is placed in contact with a diverging lens with a focal length of 20.0 cm. What is the focal length of the combination and is the combination converging or diverging? S23.88 We find the focal length by finding the image distance for an object very far away. For the first lens, we have (1/do1) + (1/di1) = 1/f1 ; (1/) + (1/di1) = 1/(10.0 cm), or, as expected, d i1 = 10.0 cm. The first image is the object for the second lens. The first image is real, so the second object is virtual: do2 = d i1 = 10.0 cm. For the second lens, we have (1/do2) + (1/di2) = 1/f2 ;

[1/( 10.0 cm)] + (1/di2) = 1/( 20.0 cm), which gives di2 = + 20.0 cm. Because the second image must be at the focal point of the combination, we have

f = + 20.0 cm (converging).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

You might also like