FUEL INJECTORS:

A device for actively injecting fuel into an internal combustion engines by directly forcing the liquid fuel into the combustion chamber at an appropriate point in the piston cycle. An alternative to acarburetor, in which an air-fuel mixture is drawn in by the downward stroke of the piston.

Explanation:
The fuel injector is the last stop for fuel in your engine before it goes boom inside the combustion chamber. It is basically an electrically operated gate that opens just long enough to meter the perfect amount of fuel to run the engine. On one end of the gate is the cylinder where the gas is ignited, and on the other end is a whole bunch of gas under high pressure. When your car's brain (connected to a Mass Airflow Meter or MAF to take measurements) sends an electrical impulse to the injector, it opens the gate for an short burst of fuel. PARTS OF FUEL INJECTOR: 1-Fuel Filter 2-Solenoid 3-Plunger 4-Nozzle 5-Valve Spring 6-Injector Casing 7-Plunger 8-Spring 9-Nozzle 10-Casing

1-Injector Filter:
Injector Filter is used to filter the fuel from small particles of dust.

2-Ring:
Made of rubber. Recommended for replacement when fuel injectors are replaced. Stops fuel leaks from injector .

3-Spacer:
This spacer raises the injector housing 1/4'' above your throttle body and allows 15% more air flow into your engine. More air means more power.

4-Core:
The known injector includes a movable core defining at its top a seat for a return spring adapted to close the fuel injection port.

5-Seat:
A conventional fuel injector has a needle housed movably in a body having at its bottom a valve seat on which the needle normally rests

6-Injector Solenoid:
A fuel injector solenoid includes an armature through which a high pressure fuel passage extends. Because the fuel passage is disposed within the armature, the solenoid can be made larger, thereby permitting greater armature forces to be developed.

7-Injector Plunger:
It is used to meter and deliver the metered fuel. These consist of barrel and plunger. The plunger is precisely fitted to the barrel with very small clearance to form a perfect sealing to enable the smooth functioning of the engine.

8-Injector Nozzle:
It is used to regulate the flow of fuel to the ultimate ignition compartment.These nozzles are considered to be the main components of fuel injection systems and are very potent in converting the diesel into the diesel vapors and consequently spraying on the piston.

9-Injector Spring:
The injection pressure was changed by adjusting the fuel injector spring tension.

10- Injector Casing:

The fuel injector is configured via integrating portions of a nozzle case and a body guide to contain the extremely high fuel pressures.

Types of fuel injector (nozzles):

1- Ball Type Injector 2-Pintle Type Injector 3-Disc Type Injector

1-Ball type injector:

These use a ball and socket arrangement. These have excellent atomization and a wide spray pattern but are also prone to partial plugging by varnish deposits

2-Pintle type injector:

This is the most common type and still the best. A tapered needle sits on a tapered seat. When the solenoid is energized, the core and needle is pulled back, allowing the fuel to discharg .

3-Disc type injector:

There are two types of disc injector a-Bosch disc injector b-Lucas disc injector

(a) Bosch disc injector:

The Bosch disc type uses the same type of actuation mechanism as the pintle type but replaces the pintle with a flat disc and plate with tiny holes. These work fine with a good spray pattern but are slightly more prone to deposits plugging the holes.

(b) Lucas disc injector:

The Lucas type buries the disc up inside the body to reduce the mass of the assembly for quicker response. The Lucas types typically have a very narrow spray pattern which can affect idle and throttle response in some cases.

Types oof Fuel Injection systems:

The fuel injection types used in newer cars include: 1- Single-point or throttle body injection (TBI) 2-Port or multi-point fuel injection (MPFI) 3- Sequential fuel injection (SFI) 4-Direct injection

1-Single-point or throttle body injection (TBI):

 Earliest and simplest type  Replaces the carburetor with one or two fuel-injector nozzles.  Stepping stone to the more complex multi-point system.  Meters fuel better than a carburetor .  Less expensive .  Easier to service.

2-Port or multi-point fuel injection (MPFI):

Multi-point fuel injection devotes a separate injector nozzle to each cylinder, right outside its intake port, which is why the system is sometimes called port injection.  meters fuel more precisely than do TBI .  achieving the desired air/fuel ratio .  eliminates the possibility that fuel will condense or collect in the intake manifold.

3-Sequential fuel injection (SFI):

Sequential fuel injection, also called sequential port fuel injection (SPFI) or timed injection, is a type of multi-port injection. Though basic MPFI employs multiple injectors, they all spray their fuel at the same time or in groups. As a result, the fuel may hang around a port for as long as 150 milliseconds when the engine is idling. This may not seem like much, but its enough of a shortcoming that engineers addressed. triggers each injector nozzle independently. Timed like spark plugs, they spray the fuel immediately before or as their intake valve opens.

4-Direct injection:
 injecting fuel directly into the combustion chambers, past the valves. fuel metering is even more precise than in the other .  fuel metering is even more precise than in the other .  used in low-emissions lean-burn engines.

(a) Fuel Injectors of disel engine:

internal-combustion engine: four-stroke diesel engine takes in just air, compresses it and then injects fuel into the compressed air. The heat of the compressed air lights the fuel spontaneously. Diesel engines use direct fuel injection (DI), that is to say the diesel fuel is njected directly into the cylinder.

The diesel engine has no spark plugs. The air it takes in is compressed and the fuel is injected directly into the cylinder where the heat caused by the air compression ignites the fuel.

(b) Fuel Injectors of petrol Engine:

A gasoline engine intakes a mixture of gas and air, compresses it and ignites the mixture with a spark. Gasoline engines use either a carburetor or a fuel injection system to deliver the fuel to the cylinder.

With a carburetor the fuel is mixed as it enters the intake manifold, long before it gets to the cylinders. In a fuel injection system the fuel is injected just before the intake stroke at the intake valve.

(c) Fuel Injectors of Gas Turbine:

Fuel Injectors are attatched to fuel manifold and mounted in the combustion chamber of gas turbine. This fuel is burnt with the help of torche igniter.