Career Guide: A Series of Occupational Briefs

Accountant
Salary/Compensation Accountants employed in Government offices usually receive a starting salary of P20,000 while a Chief Accountant normally has a monthly take home pay of P30,000 to P35,000. In medium sized private companies, an accountant's salary usually ranges from P35,000 to P45,000 a month. In large or multi-national companies, accountants usually receive about P50,000 to P75,000 a month. Basic Educational Requirement Most accountant positions require at least a bachelor's degree in accounting or a related field. Professional recognition through licensure by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) provides a distinct advantage in the job market. Cost of Education * A four-year B.S. Accountancy cost around P20,000 to P35,000 per semester in private institutions while in public educational institutions that offer the same discipline, tuition fee would cost about 20%-40% less.
Employment Opportunities The demand for Accountants will increase simultaneous with economic growth since the number of business establishments is expected to increase as the economy grows. The increase in the number of business establishments will require more accountants to set up books, prepare taxes, and provide financial advice. Regardless of specialty, accountants who are duly licensed by the Professional Regulation Commission should have the best job prospects. Holders of a master degree in accounting or in business administration with specialization in accounting also will have an advantage. Moreover, accountants may be employed in the following industries: Mining and Quarrying; Manufacturing; Electricity, Gas and Water Supply; Construction; Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods; Hotels and Restaurants; Transport, Storage and Communication; Financial Intermediation; Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities; Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security; Education; Health and Social Work; Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities; Private Households with Employed Persons; and Extra-Territorial Organizations and Bodies. Prospects for Career Advancement Accountants with adequate academic preparation may advance to positions with more responsibility in 1 or 2 years and to senior positions within another few years as supervisors, managers or partners in an accounting firm. They may assume the position of chief accountant, budget director, controller or chief financial officer. Those who excel in their jobs may move to executive positions in other fields of specialization such as management
accounting or internal auditing, occupying top positions as Vice-President for Finance or as Corporation President. Nature of Work An Accountant applies principles of accounting to analyze financial information and prepare financial reports. Tasks

Compiles and analyzes financial information to prepare entries to accounts, such as general ledger accounts, documenting business transactions; Analyzes financial information detailing assets, liabilities, and capital; Prepares the balance sheet, profit and loss statement, and other reports to summarize current and projected company financial position; Audits contracts, orders and vouchers, and prepares reports to substantiate individual transactions prior to settlement; Establishes, modifies, document and coordinates implementation of accounting and accounting control procedures; Prepares or assists in preparing tax returns/advises on taxation problems; Devises and implements manual or computer based system for general accounting; and Directs and coordinates activities of other accountants and clerical workers performing accounting and bookeeping tasks.
Skills and Competencies

Aptitude for mathematics; Ability to analyze, compare, and interpret facts and figures quickly; Excellent communication skills both verbally and in writing; Practical knowledge of computers (basic accounting software packages) and their applications in accounting and internal auditing; and Strong interpersonal skills.
Physical Attributes and Characteristics

Have high standards of integrity; Must be good at working with people; and Can exercise independent judgement.
* Based on tuition fee rates for school year 2010-2011.
Agronomist
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, an agronomists entry level salary ranges from P18,000 - P25,000 per month and may even go up to P30,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas such as in the U.S. & Canada, the annual average salary for an agronomist is $51,200 or $4,267 per month. Basic Educational Requirement Agronomists have at least a masters degree in agriculture, forestry, bio logy, environmental or earth sciences, with a specialization in soil science. Many enter the field as technicians or assistants with only a bachelors degree in these areas, but advancement usually comes with a masters or doctoral degree. Cost of Education * A masters course for agronomists ranges approximately from P19,000 to P27,000 per semester in private technical schools and about P10,000 to P15,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Agronomists can work outside on fields and boardrooms, giving seminars and government departments, or private universities and colleges; as well as Agronomists may be employed in the Forestry; Public Adminstration and Education. Prospects for Career Advancement Agronomists can specialize in many different areas, so there should always be opportunities for advancement and exploration of other areas of agricultural study. They can work for research companies, or start up a private business of their own, in agricultural counseling, or otherwise. They can write books and articles about agriculture, become environmental advocates, or start up their own organic farms. Nature of Work Agronomists study the chemical composition of soil, water and plant life, and look for ways to improve and increase the worlds food supply, with healthy results. The field is exciting because there are so many differing views. Some Agronomists advocate and pastures, as well as inside on research labs information sessions. They may also work for entities, farming and breeding associations, advisors to individual ranchers and farmers. following industries: Agriculture, Hunting and Defense, Compulsory Social Security; and
genetic enhancement and chemical modification, while others are interested in natural food production. Both sides have their merits, and the scientists must learn to work together to create a sound and sustainable solution to the problems of soil destruction as well as world hunger. Tasks

Investigates soils (origins, composition, and toxicity); Studies soil fertility and plant nutrient levels; Identifies degraded soils and develop plans to improve them; Develops improved soil management practices for farmers and forestry companies; Develops waste management programs for composting and farming; and Devises and develops new fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides.

Must have an interest in the science of both soil and plants; Should be environmentally concerned person; Should have strong organizational skills; Good communication and listening skills; Must be able to work alone as well as part of a team; and Should be analytical and creative when it comes to problem solving.

Physically fit; Patient and curious; Dedicated to work; Service oriented; and Good interpersonal relations.
Animator
Salary/Compensation In the local labor market, salary for entry level Animator ranges from P8,000 - P12,000 per month while Key Animator receives P15,000 - P25,000 per month. Overseas, entry level Animator receives an average annual salary of $58,030 $4,836 per month. Key animator, on the other hand has an average annual pay of $64,000 $5,333 per month. Basic Educational Requirement Even a high school graduate can be an Animator provided he/she has the artistic ability to sketch/ draw and has good imagination. This is what they call the Entry-level Animator. However, to be a Key Animator, certain trainings on the following subject matters will be useful: graphic design/illustration, 2-D and 3-D design, art and design, spatial design, film and video, multimedia and computer aided design. Some of these trainings are offered by some animation companies to their entry level Animators. Cost of Education * Animation Training Programs are conducted by the Animation Council of the Philippines, Inc. (ACPI) in cooperation with TESDA and the Korea-Philippines I.T. Training Center in Novaliches, Quezon City. Training costs range from P7,000 to P35,000 depending on the courses to be taken and with a duration of 5 days to 6 months. Employment Opportunities Most of the Animators are employed in multinational companies which operates both here and abroad. However, job opportunities should be best for those with the most training and skills. There are demands for highly skilled Animators in the US, Europe, Japan, and South Korea where global animation industry largely lies. The trend of outsourcing animation content to Asia is increasingly being tapped by North American film and television program producers. The major factor behind this shift of computer animation production to the Asia/Pacific region continues to be the availability of low cost, powerful computer animation platforms and much lower labor rates in the Asian and Pacific Rim countries compared to North America and Europe. The bulk of the outsourcing happens for 2D animation content with some amount of 3D content. Animators can work in the following industries: Transport, Storage and Communication, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities.
Prospects for Career Advancement An Animator with 2-3 years experience can qualify for the position of Key Animator after undergoing additional training in an advanced course. He/She must also possess supervisory, coaching and leadership skills. Nature of Work An Animator creates the illusion of motion thru drawings and movement of images to convey a meaning or a story. The Animator heavily relies on his/her artistic ability, although there is a growing need to be familiar with technical computer packages (animation software). Animators work in 2D animations (such as cartoons), 3D model making animation, or computer generated animation. Tasks

Creates storyboards that visualize the script and narrative; Builds up detailed frame-by-frame visuals with accuracy, designs models from a wide range of materials from modeling clay, plaster, oil paints, water colors and to acrylic as background, sets, characters, objects in the animation environment; and Develops the timing and pace of a character or objects movements during the animatic and ensures they follow the soundtrack and audio requirements.

Artistic ability to sketch/ draw; Good imagination; Knowledgeable in artisitc design/illustration, 2D & 3D design art and design, spatial design, film and video, multimedia and computer aided design; and Familiar in the use of technical software (Flash, 3D studio max, Maya, Lightwave, Softimage and Cinema 4D).

Imaginative and patient; Have an eye for details; and Have excellent attitude (i.e. flexible, patient, conscientious, resourceful, team worker, organized and disciplined).
* Based on tuition fee rates for school year 2010-2011
Architect
Salary/Compensation Locally, Architects receive a monthly salary ranging from P18,000 - P40,000 depending on the type of employer. In the Middle East, architects receive a monthly salary of $1,500 to $3,000, again depending on the type of employer. In other foreign countries, pay and benefits are definitely higher than local rates. Basic Educational Requirement A professional degree in Architecture (a 5-year program) is the basic educational requirement. Prior to taking up the licensure examination for Architects, a period of practical training and internship is required. Graduates of Architecture have to pass the licensure examination conducted by the Professional Regulation Commission before they can practice the profession or can provide architectural services. Although graduate education beyond the professional degree is not essential for practicing architecture, it is normally required for research, teaching and other specialized areas of architectural work. Cost of Education * A degree in Architecture costs around P30,000 to P45,000 per semester in private schools and universities while in public educational institutions that offer the same discipline, tuition fee would cost about 20%-40% less. Employment Opportunities Overall, job opportunities are good although the demand for Architects is affected by fluctuations in the economy, particularly the state of the construction industry. Growth coming from both non-residential and residential construction will provide ample job opportunities for practicing architects. Demographic trends such as increasing population also support an increase in demand for this profession. An increasing population will require the building of more houses, schools, health care facilities such as hospitals, commercial office spaces, entertainment facilities, shopping centers and other type of structures. A recent trend is the outsourcing to local architectural firms the drafting of construction plans from foreign countries. This trend is expected to continue especially with the unprecedented growth in the business process outsourcing (BPO) industry in the Philippines. Opportunities for overseas employment is also expanding particularly in the Middle East countries that are experiencing a construction boom in their economy. Also, better opportunities are available to those who know CADD technology since the use of computer-aided design and drafting is now the practice of most architectural companies. Architects may likewise be employed in the following industries: Construction; and Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities.
Prospects for Career Advancement Architects who have acquired considerable experience in their work eventually manage entire projects. In large establishments, Architects may advance to supervisory or managerial positions. Some become partners in established firms while others may set up their own architectural firms and become an independent practitioner. As a career move, architects may also enter other related fields such as graphic interior or industrial design; urban planning; real estate development; civil engineering; and construction management. Nature of Work An Architect is a licensed professional trained in the art and science of building design. He/She provides a wide variety of professional services to individuals and organizations planning a construction project. Tasks
Provides pre-design services - conducting feasibility and environmental impact studies, selecting a site, and specifying the requirements the design must meet; Prepares drawings and a report presenting ideas for the client to review; Develops final construction plans; Prepares cost analysis; May assist client in obtaining construction bids, selecting a contractor, and negotiating the construction contract; Visits construction site to ensure that the contractor is following the design, using specified materials and meeting the specified standards for the quality of work; Makes long-range planning for land development; and Directs activities of workers engaged in preparing drawings and specification documents.
Skills and Competencies Ability to visually communicate ideas to clients; Ability to conceptualize and understand spatial relationships; Artistic and drawing ability; Excellent communication (written & oral) skills; Computer literacy - knowledge of computer - aided design and drafting (CADD); Strong organizational skills with attention to details; and Managerial & supervisory skills. Physical Attributes and Characteristics Creative; Artistic; Responsive to clients needs; and Ability to work independently or as part of a team. * Based on tuition fee rates for school year 2010-2011.
Automotive Technician
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, an automotive technicians entry level salary ranges from P8,000 P17,500 per month. Overseas, such as U.S. & Canada, entry level Automotive Technician receives a salary range of $1,900 - $3,500 or C$2,319 - C$3,325 per month. Basic Educational Requirement To be an Automotive Technician, one must undergo a three-year post secondary nondegree course in Automotive Technology. Cost of Education * A vocational technology course for automotive technology ranges approximately from P7,500 - P20,000 per term. Also, there are short courses offered for Automotive Technician that may range from P3,700- P6,500 per course for 48 - 60 hours. Employment Opportunities The Automotive Technician graduate can avail of various employment opportunities for job placement. He/She may start as engine overhauler, troubleshooter, machinist and equipment operator, power train serviceman, automotive instructor, power plant mechanic, heavy equipment mechanic or service station manager. Automotive Technicians can easily be employed by automotive service firms, automotive parts manufacturing industries, farm machineries and heavy equipment service companies. An Automotive Technician may also establish and operate his own service shop. As an entrepreneur there are the opportunities to earn more and at the same time create jobs. Automotive Technician may also be employed in the following industries: Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods; and Transport, Storage and Communication. Prospects for Career Advancement Career advancement is dependent on pursuing further studies or training along ones area of specialization. After gaining considerable working experience, Automotive Technicians may assume the position of supervisor, trainer or even a Chief Mechanic working with the repair and maintenance section of an automotive service firm.
Nature of Work An Automotive Technician is involved in assembly, operation, performance testing, trouble shooting, repair and maintenance operation, and use of all kinds of automotive equipment and machine tools including quality control. He/She can either be an auto diesel mechanic, automotive electrician, power train and under chassis mechanic or an auto body repairman. Tasks

Inspects, maintains, and repairs automobiles and light trucks that run on gasoline, diesel, electricity, or alternative fuels such as ethanol; Tests and lubricates engines and other major components; Repairs or replaces worn parts before they cause breakdowns or damage the vehicle; and Examines every critical part such as belts, hoses, plugs, brake and fuel sys-tem and other potentially troublesome items that should be watched closely.

Must have a broad knowledge of how complex components of a vehicle work and interact; Ability to diagnose the source of the problem quickly and accurately; Good reasoning ability and a thorough knowledge of automobiles; Ability to work with electronic diagnostic equipment and digital manuals, and reference materials; and Must be able to keep up with new technology and learn new service and repair procedures and specification thru reading.

Physically fit; and Interest in science particularly mathematics, physics and chemistry;
Agriculturist
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, an agriculturists entry level salary ranges from P13,000 - P15,000 per month and may even go up to P22,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. & Canada, the annual average salary for an agriculturist may range from $29,000 to $49,000 for those highly experienced. Basic Educational Requirement To be an Agriculturist, one must have a bachelors degree in Agriculture or Agricultural Management and have passed the board exam for the agriculturist given by the Philippine Regulation Commission (PRC). Afterwards, he/she then specializes in an area of study through experience or a masters degree. Cost of Education * A bachelors course for agriculturist ranges approximately from P18,000 - P25,000 per semester in private technical schools and about P7,000 to P10,000 in public institutions. The course normally takes 4 years to finish. Employment Opportunities Agriculturists can work outside on fields and pastures, as well as indoors, on research labs and boardrooms, giving seminars and information sessions. They work for government departments or private entities, farming and breeding associations, universities and colleges. They also worked as advisors to individual ranchers and farmers. Prospects for Career Advancement Agriculturists can specialize in many different areas, so there should always be opportunities for advancement and exploration of other areas of agricultural study. They can work for research companies, or start up a private business of their own, in agricultural counseling, or otherwise. They can write books and articles about agriculture, become environmental advocates, or start up their own organic farms. Nature of Work An Agriculturist is a specialist in all areas of cultivation and raising livestock. He/She is a scientist who advises farmers on soil management, breeding animals living conditions, crop protection, environmental sustainability, disease and harvesting. He/She works both for government agencies, and private entities as well as independently, bringing information and advice to food producers. An Agriculturist is
trained in general agricultural studies, but usually specializes either on the job or in a masters program in one or more areas of agricultural science such as Crop Specialization, Animal Specialization, Farm Management Specialization and Biotechnology Specialization. Tasks

Carries out applied and field research into environmental conditions, product effectiveness and animal nutrition and health; Provides farmers with appropriate news, information or developments; Visits farms and production sites for evaluations; Responds to questions from individual farmers, farming associations, government agencies and the general public about health of food, soil and environment; Conducts information sessions, seminars and workshop with large numbers of farmers; and Demonstrates new products or services.

Must have an interest in the science of both animals and plants; Should have strong organizational skills; Good communication and listening skills; Must be able to work alone as well as part of a team; Should be analytical and creative when it comes to problem solving; and Love outdoors and enjoy helping others solve problem.

Physically fit; Interest in science particularly biology; Dedication to work; Service oriented; and Good interpersonal relations.
Aircraft Mechanic
Salary/Compensation In the local labor market, an Aircraft Mechanic receives approximately P15,000 to P25,000 per month. For an Aircraft Mechanic A position, the base pay starts at P30,000 to P35,000. Additional benefits include premiums for overtime work on rest days, holidays, and special days; car acquisition; rice subsidy; training opportunities; and health care maintenance. In the U.S, base pay is much higher at an average of $3,015 per month. In Singapore, the rate is around 3,000 to 3,500 Singaporean dollars per month while in the United Arab Emirates, the pay scale is about 3,700 - 4,000 dirham per month. Basic Educational Requirement There is no prescribed course or field of study for prospective Aircraft Mechanics, however, an aviation-related course would be an advantage. Among the courses offered are Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Technology (4 years) and Aircraft Technician Course (2 years). Aircraft Mechanics are required to have a license from the Air Transportation Office (ATO) before they can perform their duties. The licensing process includes written examinations and panel interviews where a longer period of study in an aviation-related field is an advantage. For Aircraft Mechanics, the rules stipulate a practicum or on-the-job experience in an authorized aircraft maintenance or repair station. Because of the technical requirements of the job, new entrants to the workforce need to familiarize themselves with the equipment and must have a theoretical and practical knowledge of the job. Cost of Education * An Aircraft Technician Course costs approximately P 100,000-P 150,000 covering 2 years of schooling. A 4-year course on Aircraft Maintenance Technology would cost approximately P160,000-P200,000. Employment Opportunities Due to business expansion and the promotion of various tourist destinations all over the world, it was projected that from 2004 - 2023, air passenger traffic will grow by 5% per annum. This will require a delivery of 16,601 new passenger aircrafts. By 2023, there will be 21,759 passenger aircrafts in service throughout the world. This means that airlines will be competing for skilled aircraft personnel including Aircraft Mechanics. Overseas, the following have signified their intentions to hire Aircraft Mechanics from other countries: Singapore, Hongkong, Qatar and Saudi Arabia Among others. Locally, job prospects will be high to fill-up positions that have been vacated by those who voluntarily leave their jobs for overseas employment and those who have
retired. Aircraft Mechanics may also be employed in the following industries: Wholesale and Retail
Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods; Transport, Storage and Communication; and Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security. Prospects for Career Advancement It takes some five to six years before an Aircraft Mechanic can acquire a Mechanic A position which will give them opportunities to become Aircraft Inspectors. Those with broad experience in maintenance and overhaul can advance to lead inspector or shop supervisor positions. Those who undergo additional business and management training can open their own aircraft maintenance facilities. Nature of Work An Aircraft Mechanic fits, services, repairs and overhauls aircraft components, engines, accessories and related equipment. Tasks

Fits, examines, tests and services aircraft engines; Replaces engine components or complete engines; Analyzes test data to evaluate the condition of engine, aircraft and equipment; Compiles information from measurements and performance test; Compares the state of items such as fuel and oil levels and tire pressures, and the condition and cleanliness of mechanical equipment to required standards; and Works close to tolerances, and uses precision measuring instruments and testing equipment to ensure adjustments and repairs are made according to manufacturers specification standards.

Mathematical , analytical and communication skills; and Mechanical aptitude with a thorough knowledge of basic Math.

Physically fit; Must have an excellent mind and hand coordination; and Possess an analytical mind since this occupation involves work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions.
Aquaculturist
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, an aquaculturists entry level salary ranges from P15,000 - P20,000 per month and may even go up to P25,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas such as in the U.S. & Canada, the annual average salary for an Aquaculturist is $35,000 or $2,917 per month. Basic Educational Requirement To be an Aquaculturist, one must have a bachelors degree in Aquaculture or Aquacultural Management. Afterwards, he/she then specializes in an area of study through experience or a master's degree. Cost of Education * An aquaculturists course may range approximately from P18,000 - P25,000 per semester in private technical schools and about P7,000 to P10,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities An aquaculturist can be employed in a research and development company, food manufacturing industry, in the academe, agricultural manager, in the government and private sector and NGOs which deals with the marine activity. An aquaculturist can find work with commercial and private fish farms owned by corporations, states, or individuals. Prospects for Career Advancement Aquaculturists opportunity for advancement depends on the trainings and further studies he/she has completed. An Aquaculturist can be a head of a research and development team, or be in a university as a professor, or can put up a farm or ranch dedicated to marine life. In fish farming, the professional typically enters as a fish biologist or other fish scientist and advances to some kind of manager or supervisor position. Nature of Work An Aquaculturist produces fish and other water-related products in a controlled environment for sale in consumer markets and for stocking lakes, ponds, streams, and oceans.
Tasks

Breeds, grows and harvests fish; Maintains fish hatcheries for research purposes; Develops and carries out methods for the rearing of fish in hatcheries; Maintains equipment such as the machinery that circulates, aerates and regulates the water temperature; May clean ponds and tanks using brushes, chemicals and water; and Repair screens, retaining walls and fences, and remove debris from water.

Ability to adapt to change; Manual dexterity; Work independently; Detail oriented; Goal oriented; Works under pressure; Good judgment; and Good with animals.

Physically fit; Should have interest in fish and in the marine world; Interest in science particularly biology; Dedicated to work; Service oriented; and Good interpersonal relations.
Auditor
Salary/Compensation Auditors employed in Government offices usually receive a starting salary of P18,000 while a Chief Auditor normally has a monthly take-home pay of P28,000 to P35,000. In medium-sized private companies, an Auditors salary usually ranges from P35,000 to P45,000 a month. In large or multi-national companies, Auditors usually receive about P45,000 to P75,000 a month. In the U.S., an entry level Auditor receives an average monthly salary range of $3,515 - $4,290 per month. Basic Educational Requirement An Auditor position requires at least a bachelor's degree in accounting or a related field. Some employers prefer applicants with a master's degree in accounting, or with a master's degree in business administration with a concentration in accounting and auditing. Cost of Education * A four-year accounting in B.S. Accountancy costs around P30,000 to P45,000 per semester in a private institution while in public educational institutions that offer the same discipline, tuition fee would cost about 20%-40% less. Employment Opportunities The demand for Auditors will increase simultaneous with economic growth since the number of business establishments is expected to increase as the economy grows. The increase in the number of business establishments will require more auditors to analyze financial data, prepare taxes, and provide financial advice. Auditors may also be employed in the following industries: Manufacturing; Electricity, Gas and Water Supply; Construction; Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods; Hotels and Restaurants; Transport, Storage and Communication; Financial Intermediation; Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities; Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security; and Health and Social Work. Prospects for Career Advancement Auditors with adequate academic preparation may advance to positions with more responsibility in 1 or 2 years and to senior positions within another few years as supervisors, managers or partners in an auditing firm. They may assume the position of chief auditor, budget director, controller or chief financial officer. Those who excel in their jobs may move to executive positions in other fields of specialization such as
internal auditing, occupying top positions as Vice-President for Finance or as Corporation President. Nature of Work An Auditor examines and analyzes accounting records to determine financial status of establishment and prepare financial reports concerning operating procedures. Tasks

Analyzes financial data; Uses cost benefit analysis techniques; Follows tax laws and regulations; Computes financial data; Directs and coordinates financial activities; Compiles data for financial report; and Prepares financial reports.

Aptitude for mathematics; Ability to analyze, compare, and interpret facts and figures quickly; Excellent communication skills both verbally and in writing; Practical knowledge of computers (basic accounting software packages) and their applications in accounting and internal auditing; and Strong interpersonal skills.

Have high standards of integrity; Must be good at working with people; Can exercise independent judgment; and Able to work individually or as part of a team.
Baker
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a Bakers entry level salary ranges from P8,000 - P15,000 per month and may even go up to P20,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. & Canada, the monthly average salary for a baker is $2,212 to $2,238 per month. Basic Educational Requirement Bakers need to become skilled in baking, icing, and decorating. They often start their careers as apprentices or trainees. Apprentice Bakers usually start in craft bakeries, while trainees usually begin in store bakeries, such as those in supermarkets. Many Apprentice Bakers take short term courses/trainings and may work towards a certificate in baking. Cost of Education * There is no specific educational requirement to be a Baker. However, prime employers often prefer applicants with a bachelors degree in culinary . A 4-year degree in International Hospitality Management with specialty in Culinary cost around P170,000 to P200,000 per semester, inclusive of the materials (utensils and ingredients) that will be used during the whole course. Employment Opportunities Bakers commonly are employed in commercial bakeries that distribute breads and pastries through established wholesale and retail outlets, mail order, or manufacturers' outlets. In addition, job opportunities should be good as the need to replace experienced workers who transfer to other occupations or leave the labor force should generate additional job openings. Bakers may also be employed in the following industries: Hotels and Restaurants; and Private Households with Employed Persons. Prospects for Career Advancement Bakers in retail or wholesale establishments may progress to supervisory jobs, such as department managers or team leaders in supermarkets. A few of these workers may become buyers for wholesalers or supermarket chains. Some bakers go on to open their own bakeries.
Nature of Work A Baker mixes and bakes ingredients according to recipes to produce varying types and quantities of breads, pastries, and other baked goods. He/She is commonly employed in commercial bakeries that distribute breads and pastries through established wholesale and retail outlets, mail order, or manufacturers' outlets. Tasks

Observes color of products being baked, and adjusts oven temperatures, humidity, and conveyor speeds accordingly; Sets oven temperatures and places items into hot ovens for baking; Combines measured ingredients in bowls of mixing, blending, or cooking machinery; Measures and weigh flour and other ingredients to prepare batters, dough, fillings, and icings, using scales and graduated containers; Rolls, kneads, cuts, and shapes dough to form sweet rolls, pie crusts, tarts, cookies, and other products; Places dough in pans, molds, or on sheets, and bakes in production ovens or on grills; Checks the quality of raw materials to ensure that standards and specifications are met; Adapts the quantity of ingredients to match the amount of items to be baked; Applies glazes, icings, or other toppings to baked goods, using spatulas or brushes; and Checks equipment to ensure that it meets health and safety regulations and performs maintenance or cleaning, as necessary.

Coordination; Management of material resources; Management of personnel resources; Planning and implementation; Oral comprehension; and Number facility.

Enjoy practical work; Good hand-eye coordination; Can pay attention to details; Good health, with no skin allergies or chest complaints; Neat and clean.
Barista
Salary/Compensation Approximately, a Barista receives an average salary pay of P10,000 per month. Basic Educational Requirement To qualify as Barista, one must have at least a college level of education and must be professionally trained in preparing different kinds of espresso coffee and other blended drinks. Cost of Training * A 4-day training program for prospective Baristas is being offered for a fee of approximately P8,500. Employment Opportunities A Barista can work either full-time or part time. Students and even those already employed who would like to earn extra income can take on the job on a part-time basis. The demand for Barista is expected to rise simultaneous with the growth in the tourism sector. Among the sub sectors involved in tourism, restaurants and bars will continue to increase in number, resulting to higher demand for workers rendering food and beverage services in specialty stores such as coffee shops. Also, local customers are increasingly patronizing cafes and diners and this has spurred the growth in the business creating job opportunities for service workers including Baristas. Prospects for Career Advancement Baristas with outstanding performance can move to a managerial position as store manager or assistant store manager, overseeing the food and beverage operations of an Espresso bar or cafe. Nature of Work A Barista is a person who prepares coffee drinks in a coffee bar. Tasks
Prepares quality beverages for customers, such as lattes, cappuccinos and other espresso-based drinks, blended drinks, and coffee according to standards; Provides excellent service to customers;
Ensures cleanliness, organization and attractiveness of stores interior and exterior; Adheres to general health and safety guidelines, and company standards; May operate the cash register; Completes assigned tasks and assist co-workers with the completion of their tasks.

Good communication skills; Excellent interpersonal skills; Orientation to teamwork; Strong customer service skills; Ability to handle numerous tasks at once while prioritizing; Flexibility; and Creativity.

Able to practice tact and diplomacy in dealing with customers; Have respect for others; Affinity for working with the public; ; Neat and always dressed appropriately for working with the public; Physically active (i.e. able to bend, stand continuously, carry and lift heavy loads); and Friendly, outgoing, energetic and enthusiastic personality.
* Based on 2011 rates.
Bartender
Salary/Compensation Aside from customers tip, a local Bartender receives an entry level wage of P8,00010,000 based on the salary rates prevailing in the industry. Bartenders in the US receive $6.44 - $9.26 per hour. Basic Educational Requirement There is no specific educational requirement for bartenders. However, most employers prefer to hire high school graduates. TESDA and its accredited training institutions nationwide, offers short courses on food and beverage handling. Knowledge on salient legal issues surrounding serving alcoholic beverages and tobacco is very essential to those who want to become bartenders. Cost of Training * A one-on-one training course for prospective Bartender is being offered for a fee of P7,700 for 286 hours. Employment Opportunities There is a high demand for well-trained Filipino front-liners in the local tourism industry (food and beverage workers). In the Middle East alone, hundreds of hotels and resorts are being built. These will require thousands of hotel staff, bartenders included. Bartenders are in demand not only in hotels, clubs and bars but in cruise liners as well. Prospects for Career Advancement For most of the Bartenders, advancement usually is limited to finding a job in a busier or more expensive restaurant or bar where prospects for tip earnings are better. Some bartenders advance to supervisory jobs, such as dining room supervisor and maitre dhotel. Nature of Work A Bartender serves alcoholic and non alcoholic drinks to guests. He/She mixes and concocts shakes different kind of drinks according to guests desires. Part of his/her job is to entertain guest with different moves and flares in bartending, showcasing his/her talent in mixing drinks.
Tasks

Serves ice cold alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks to the customers; Mixes and shakes drinks according to the guests desire; Advices and informs guests about different drinks that they want to try; Entertains customer with different exhibitions and flares in bartending; Takes orders from customers about their preferred drinks; Courteously greets the customers and invites them to have a drink; Prepares the bill of the customer and waits for their payments; and Keeps alcoholic drinks on their respective tracks.

A vast knowledge in alcoholic and non alcoholic drinks; Above average ability in mixing different drinks; Must have ability to do flares and exhibitions; Knows how to entertain customers; Must have good communication skills, has a good command of the English language; Alert in giving customers attention; Ability to handle pressure; Must know how to interact with different types of customers; Knows how to handle unexpected commotions; and Knowledge in basic math, taking orders and preparing bills.

Should be neat, friendly, and can politely talk with customers; Well groomed and always in a proper attire; Always ready to serve and assist customers even under pressure; and Physically fit.
Bell Boy
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a bell boys entry level salary ranges from P8,000 -P12,000 per month and may even go up to P15,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the monthly average salary for a bell boy in a hotel is $1,600 (tips not included), while for cruise ships, they earn as much as $2,000 (tips not included) per month. Basic Educational Requirement To be a bell boy, one must be at least a high school graduate or college level and have undergone training on Customer Relations, Hotel Management or any related training accredited by TESDA. However, if an applicant intends to work abroad, a college degree in Hotel and Restaurant would be a requirement because most employers especially the 5 star hotels would prefer degree holders. Cost of Education * High school education would normally range from P25,000P40,000 per year in private schools and institutions and about P3,0005,000 in public institutions. For those who want to work abroad and for career advancement in the hotel and restaurant industry, a four-year course in B.S. in Hotel Restaurant and Management (BSHRM) normally costs around P35,000 to P45,000 per semester in private schools and universities. However, in public educational institutions that offer the same discipline, tuition fee would cost about 20%-40% less. Employment Opportunities Bellboys and other Hotel personnel are in demand abroad because of the increase of Hotels and Cruise companies. They hire less than 50 bellboys each year and they also offer high compensation package (bonus, benefits and tips). Bigger opportunity awaits those who have experience because most big cruise ships preferred experienced bell boys. However, entry level applicants are very much welcome to apply. A bell boy may also work in the following industries: Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities and, Health and Social Work. Prospects for Career Advancement Hard working bellboys can be promoted as Bell Captain or Training Supervisors.
Nature of Work A Bell Boy is responsible in assisting customers in hotel or cruise ships. His tasks includes helping the customers carry their luggage and bring them to their respective hotel suits. Tasks

Assists customers with their bags and luggage; Greets customers courteously and provides them high quality service; Escorts guests to their respective hotel rooms; Parks and retrieves guests vehicles; Assists the customers with their needs; and Explains to the customers the hotels rules, shows them how to use hotel facilities, room features such as TV, radio, and bath tubs.

Wide knowledge and expertise in customer service; Must have average skills in using the English language; Knowledgeable in hotel managements; Must know how to assist foreign guests; and Skills in speaking foreign languages is a plus.

Must be courteous at all times; Can communicate well both orally and in writing; Must be physically-fit; Must be neat and presentable at all times; Ability to work on different work shifts; and Always ready to serve.
Bookkeeper
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a bookkeepers entry level salary ranges from P8,000 - P10,000 per month and may even go up to P15,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. In the US, an entry level Bookkeeper receives $1,973 - $2,850 per month. Basic Educational Requirement Although a college degree is seldom required, some employers require a four-year business course and applicants to be computer-literate; knowledge of word processing and spreadsheet software is definitely an advantage. Cost of Education * High school education would normally range from P25,000P40,000 per year in private schools and institutions and about P3,0005,000 in public institutions. For those who want to work abroad and for career advancement in the hotel and restaurant industry, a four year course in B.S. in Hotel Restaurant and Management (BSHRM) would normally cost around P35,000 to P45,000 per semester in private schools and universities. However, in public educational institutions that offer the same discipline, tuition fee would cost about 20%-40% less. Employment Opportunities College graduates may accept bookkeeping positions to get into a particular company or to enter the accounting or finance field with the hope of eventually being promoted to professional or managerial positions. A bookeeper can work in the following industries: Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas and Water Supply, Construction, Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods, Hotels and Restaurants, Transport, Storage and communication, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security, Education, Health and Social Work and, Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Bookkeepers may advance by taking on more duties in the same occupation for a higher pay or by transferring to a closely related occupation.
Nature of Work A Bookkeeper is the organizations financial record keeper. He/She updates and maintains one or more accounting records, including those which tabulate expenditures, receipts, accounts payable and receivable, and profit and loss. Tasks

Receives and records invoices and arranges payment; Prepares and sends invoices to debtors; Prepares regular reports and summaries of accounting activities; Verifies recorded transactions and report irregularities to management; and Prepares reconciliations of accounts.

Knowledge in Microsoft Excel and other bookkeeping software; Mathematical and analytical skills; Ability to concentrate in details; Aptitude for figures; Well organized; Ability to work as part of a team; Must be able to meet deadlines; and Aptitude for working with computers.

Must be flexible; Good communication skills; Can work well in a team; Good attention to detail; Capable of multi-tasking; and Resourceful, reliable, and responsible.
CAD Operator
Salary/Compensation Locally, salaries for a CAD Operator at the entry level ranges from P10,000 to P24,000 per month. Aside from the basic pay, a CAD Operator also gets allowances and other incentives. In UAE, a CAD Operator receives as much as AED 42,000 - AED 108,000 per month. Basic Educational Requirement The minimum educational requirement is a college education from any discipline. However, most employers prefer those who have a background in Architecture, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering, or Computer Science. Typically, CAD Operators are required to undergo training on multiple CAD programs and platforms, general computing theory and a variety of productivity applications. Cost of Training * A number of computer schools offer training on AUTO CAD with the training period ranging from 48 - 60 hours. The cost of training is around P4,500 - P5,600. Some schools offer a Technical Drafting course with a 1 year duration that will cost approximately P70,000. Employment Opportunities The following fields of work need a CAD Operator in their organization :

Architecture, Industrial Design Engineering; Garden design and Construction; Building Engineering; Mechanical (MCAD); Electronic and Electrical (ECAD); Manufacturing process planning; Digital Circuit design; Software Applications; and Apparel and Textile CAD.
There are numerous opportunities for CAD Operators, both locally and overseas, since architectural and engineering design are now mostly translated into detailed CAD drawings.A CAD Operator may work in the Construction and Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities industries. Prospects for Career Advancement A CAD Operator position is a strong entrance into a variety of work environment. As a fully trained CAD Operator, one can enter the workplace with a standard set of skills that can translate into a wide variety of career tracks. Because they have experience in computers, applications, and operating systems, CAD Operators can step outside of design to get involved
in the Information Technology (IT) Department of a company. This move can lead to a career in programming, database management and network administration. Nature of Work A CAD (Computer Aided Design) Operator is one who operates a CAD system. In many design environments, the CAD Operator is equivalent to a draftsperson. The CAD Operators role is much broader than that of a traditional draftsman because CAD systems require not only traditional drafting or drawing expertise but computer skills as well. Tasks

Responsible for creating the working drawings or other graphical documents that result from the design process; May take sketches or specifications from an architect, engineer, or other designers, and translate them into detailed CAD drawings that can be used as the basis for a construction project, or for the manufacture of a product; and Maybe responsible for creating finished designs for a project, working primarily from the specifications and other inputs of lead designers.

A thorough background in traditional drafting and design concepts; Mastery of the basics of one or more CAD systems; Ability to understand and interpret architectural and other engineering plans, sections, elevations and details; Ability to calculate figures and amounts such as discounts, interest, commissions, proportions, percentages, area circumference and volume; and to apply concepts of basic algebra and geometry; Ability to solve practical problems and deal with a variety of concrete variables in situations where only limited standardization exists; and to interpret a variety of instructions furnished in written, oral, diagram, or schedule form; Familiarity with the following mainstream software programs : PTC ProEngineer (Pro-E Wildfire 1.0 or higher preferred) and Autodesk Autocad (Autocad 2000 or higher preferred); experience with PTC Intralink (Intralink 2.0 or higher); and Proficiency with Microsoft Office and Windows applications.

Pro-active, organized and have the ability to take initiative; Multi-faceted with the ability to be a team player.
Chemical Engineer
Salary/Compensation A Chemical Engineers entry level salary ranges from P10,000 - P28,000 per month and may even go up to P41,000 per month for those who are highly-trained and experienced. In the US, the average monthly salary for a chemical engineer is around US$5,893. Basic Educational Requirement The basic educational requirement is a bachelors degree in Chemical Engineering. Practice of profession requires passing the board exam for chemical engineers given by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). Cost of Education * In a public university, a course in Chemical Engineering is approximately P3,500 to P7,000 per semester. In a private institution, it may range from P30,000 to P55,000. Employment Opportunities Chemical Engineers also work in a variety of manufacturing industries other than chemical manufacturing, such as those producing energy, electronics, food, clothing, and paper. They also work in health care, biotechnology, and business services. Some may specialize in a particular chemical process, such as oxidation or polymerization. Others specialize in a particular field, such as nanomaterials, or in the development of specific products. Chemical Engineers may be employed in the following industries: Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing, and Electricity, Gas and Water Supply. Prospects for Career Advancement Career advancement is dependent on undergoing additional training. Those who have gained further or advanced knowledge and experience are assigned with the more difficult projects with greater independence to develop designs, solve problems, and make decisions. Some Chemical Engineers may advance to become technical specialists or to supervise a staff or team of chemical engineers, chemists and technicians. Some become engineering managers. Nature of Work A Chemical Engineer works principally in the chemical industry to convert basic raw materials into a variety of products. A Chemical Engineer also deals with the design and operation of plants and equipment to perform such work.
Tasks

Apply the principles of chemistry to solve problems involving the production or use of chemicals and biochemicals;>/li> Design equipment and processes for large-scale chemical manufacturing, plan and test methods of manufacturing products and treating by products; Assist in other engineering departments with catalyst management, process design, maintenance planning, capital project development, turnaround execution, and equipment inspection.
Able to understand and describe molecular transformations and integrated phenomena that span a wide range of length scales from molecular to macroscopic; Can quantitatively describe and predict complex phenomena.

Should be creative and inquisitive; Should be analytical and detail oriented; A team player.
Carpenter
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a Carpenters fee per day ranges from P450 - P600 depending on their skills. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the average monthly salary for a Carpenter is $3,083. Basic Educational Requirement The basic educational requirement is at least high school graduate and have taken a vocational course in carpentry in any institutions accredited by TESDA. Most employers would require at least 3 to 5 years experience in construction. Cost of Training * There is no specific educational requirement to be a Carpenter. However, employers often prefer applicants with a high school diploma. High school education would normally range from P25,000 - P40,000 per year in private universities and about P3,000 to P5,000 in public institutions. The training cost in carpentry approximately ranges from P5,000 to 7,000 in private technical schools and about P3,000 to P5,000 in public training institutions. Employment Opportunities Most Carpenters are self-employed. However, job opportunities should be best for those with the most training and skills. There are demands for highly skilled carpenters in the Middle East where construction industry is booming. For local employment, there will always be an available job each year because the occupation is so large, meaning that many people are always entering and leaving the occupation.Carpenters can work in the following industries: Construction, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security, Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities and in Private Households. Prospects for Career Advancement Highly skilled Carpenters can be promoted as field supervisor or foreman. Nature of Work A Carpenter constructs and builds small and big structures. He plays an important role in construction, often times, he does most of the wood works. He builds according to the design and layout of engineers.
Tasks

Builds and constructs using different kinds of woods such as ply wood, lumbers, wallboard to make a strong structure; Builds and constructs according to the design, layout and blueprints; Repairs or reconstructs damage wood portion; Deals with Engineers and foreman regarding with the structure they will make; Estimates the portion or the area to work on; and Examines the woods to be used.

Must have broad knowledge in construction industry; Knowledge in different kinds of woods and how to utilize it; Knows how to construct, repair damage wood portions; and Knowledge on engineering skills, measuring length, sizes and does estimations.

Must have strong built to carry heavy loads; Can follow directions accurately and easily; and Must have good manual dexterity.
CNC Machine Programmer

Salary/Compensation A CNC Machine Programmers entry level salary ranges from P15,000 - P20,000 per month and may even go up to P30,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. In the U.S. & Canada, the annual average salary for an CNC Machine Programmer is $50,260 or $4,188 per month. Basic Educational Requirement A CNC Machine Programmer gets his education and training in various ways - in apprenticeship programs, informally on the job, and in technical/vocational training institutions. In general, the more skills needed for the job, the more education and training are needed to qualify. Many entrants to this type of occupation have previously worked as machinists or machine setters, operators, and tenders. For specialized types of programming, such as those needed to produce complex parts for the aerospace or shipbuilding industries, the employers may prefer individuals with a degree in engineering. Cost of Education * The training cost for a CNC machine programmer ranges approximately from P35,000 P40,000 in private technical schools and about P7,000 to P15,000 in public institutions. However, in the Philippines, the knowledge and skills requirements of a prospective CNC machine programmer is acquired mainly thru in-house training and on-the-job training. Only a few training institutions have the capability of acquiring the training equipment because of its high cost. Employment Opportunities The manufacturing industry employs almost all of CNC machine programmers. Employment is concentrated in fabricated metal products manufacturing, plastic products manufacturing, and transportation equipment manufacturing producing mostly aerospace and automobile parts. Prospects for Career Advancement Career advancement is dependent on pursuing further studies or training along ones area of specialization. After gaining considerable working experience, CNC machine programmers can be promoted to supervisory or administrative positions in their firms. A few open their own shops.
Nature of Work CNC stands for Computer Numerical Control, and refers specifically to a computer controller that reads G-code instructions and drives a machine tool, powered mechanical device typically used to fabricate components by the selective removal of material. A CNC Machine Programmer, also referred to as Numerical Tool and Process Control Programmer, develops the programs that run the machine tools. Tasks
Determines the operations to be performed on the CNC Machine, prepare detailed program outline and establishes tooling and gauging requirements to produce desired industrial parts on numerically controlled machines; Checks and tests the programs developed to ensure that the machinery (CNC Machine) will function properly and that the output will meet the specifications; and Reviews 3-D computer aided design/automated design (CAD) blueprints of the parts and determines the sequence of events that will be needed to make the parts.

Must have a knowledge of the working properties of metals; Good aptitude in mathematics, physics and chemistry; Strong communication and analytical skills.

Physically fit; Must be able to keep up with new technology and shop practices and procedures thru reading in specific subjects such as blue print reading, computer programming, properties of metals and drafting.
Computer Support Specialist

Salary/Compensation Entry level salary ranges from P18,000 - P23,000 per month and may even go up to P28,000 per month for highly-trained and experienced Computer Support Specialists. In the US, the median monthly pay is around US $3,652. Basic Educational Requirement Due to the wide range of skills required, there are many paths of entry to a job as a Computer Support Specialist. Training requirements for Computer Support Specialist positions vary, but many employers prefer to hire applicants with some formal education. A bachelors degree in Computer Science or Information Systems is a prerequisite for some jobs; other jobs, however, may require only a computer-related associate degree. For some jobs, relevant computer experience and certifications may substitute for formal education. In the absence of a degree, however, certification and practical experience are essential. Certification training programs, offered by a variety of vendors and product makers, may help some people to qualify for entry-level positions. Cost of Education * The cost of pursuing a Bachelors Degree (4-year course) in Computer Science may cost from P110,000 to as high as P300,000 depending on the educational institution the student is enrolled in. Employment Opportunities The extensive use of computers has created demand for Computer Support Specialists who provide advice to users, as well as for the day-to-day administration, maintenance, and support of computer systems and networks. And with the influx of Business Process Outsourcing (BPOs) firms and call centers in the country, prospects for these types of workers also expanded. Prospects for Career Advancement Computer Support Specialists who are just starting their career, usually work for organizations that deal directly with customers or in-house users. They may advance into positions in which they use what they have learned from customers to improve the design and efficiency of future products. Job promotions usually depend more on performance than on formal education. Eventually, some Computer Support Specialists
become software engineers, designing products rather than assisting users. Computer Support Specialists in hardware and software companies often enjoy great upward mobility; advancement sometimes comes within months of becoming employed. Nature of Work A Computer Support Specialists helps people use computers. When something goes wrong, support specialists figure out why and fix it. Tasks

Provides technical assistance, support, and advice to customers and other users; Interprets problems and provide technical support for hardware, software, and systems; and Analyzes problems by using automated diagnostic programs, and resolve recurring difficulties.

Must have strong problem-solving, analytical, and communication skills; Excellent writing and comprehension skills ; Knowledge in detecting computer viruses; Must have knowledge in the different software applications.

Active listener; Ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem; and Ability to pay attention to details.
Cook
Salary/Compensation Salaries of Cooks vary greatly according to the type of establishment in which they work and the recipes they know. Salaries are usually highest in highly rated restaurants and hotels. The monthly salary of Cooks ranges from P10,000 to 15,000 initially. Basic Educational Requirement There is no specific educational requirement for Cooks. However, most employers prefer to hire high school graduates, and those who had several years of work experience, on the job-training, and/or vocational training. Cost of Training * The cost of training in commercial cookery starts at around P6,000P7,000. Basic kitchen skills and techniques in preparing stocks, soups and sauces are learned here. This cooking course will also teach the participants new recipes for breakfast, lunch and dinner through the hands-on session. Employment Opportunities Employment growth will be spurred by increases in population, household income, and leisure time that will allow people to dine out and take vacations more often. In addition, growth in the number of two-income households will lead more families to opt for the convenience of dining out. Demand for Cooks have grown steadily in and outside the country, be it restaurants, hotels, and cruise ships. Prospects for Career Advancement Advancement opportunities for Cooks depend on their training, work experience, and ability to perform more responsible and sophisticated tasks. A number of them may advance to Head Cook, Chef and specialist chefs, Sous-chef and Executive chef. Others go into business as caterers or restaurant owners, while others become instructors in culinary schools. Nature of Work Cooks prepare and cook a wide variety of food in hotels, restaurants and other establishments, on board ships and in private households. Tasks
Prepares and cooks complete meals or individual dishes and foods;
Cooks special meals for patients as instructed by a dietician; Oversees subordinate personnel in preparation cooking and handling ; Plans menus; Determines size of food portions; Monitors and orders kitchen supplies;

Management of material resources; Management of personnel resources; Coordination; Implementation and planning.

Have a keen sense of taste and smell; Can withstand the pressure and strain of standing for hours at a time; Manual dexterity; Can withstand constant pressure to prepare meals quickly; Work well as a part of a team; Neat and organized; and Physically fit (free from communicable diseases).
Call Center Agent

Salary/Compensation Call Center Agents in the local labor market receive a salary range of P12-25 thousand (P10,000 for starters and P25,000 for the multi-lingual agents) Basic Educational Requirement

2-4 years college education in any course; ICT related course is required for technical support staff; Training in the following areas of competency: o English Proficiency/Interview Skills o Inbound soft skills accent neutralization or accent reduction which is intended to help proficient English speakers speak with a more North American or British accent; oral fluency and accuracy; culture training; customer service; and business writing. o Outbound Skills Sales and marketing (Product Training )
Scholarships Available Scholarship Training Program offered by: TESDA accredited Call Center Companies Training Programs *
Finishing Course for Call Center Agents Duration - 20 hours Cost - One on One P6,500 - Group P3,100 Now Youre Talkin Inc. Language and Training Center 2nd Flr VB Bldg. 807 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City Finishing Course for Call Center Agents NC II Duration - 40 hours in 2 weeks Cost - P5,500 School/Training Institute - American English Skills Development Center, Inc. Unit 1605 and 1705 Antel Corporate Center 121 Valero St. Makati City Finishing Course for Call Center Agents
Duration - 2 weeks Cost - P3,900 School/Training Institute - BPO Training Academy
Finishing Course for Call Center Agents Cost - P5,000 Informatics Computer Institute Level 5, Bldg. A SM Megamall
Employment Opportunities There are more job opportunities locally for Call Center Agents than in abroad. Compared to other jobs, Call Center Agents are paid above minimum wage and given other incentives. Education requirements are not tight in call centers as long as you have above average English communication skills. Call Center Agents may be employed in the following industries: Wholesale and Retail Trade, Hotels and Restaurants, Transport, Storage and Communication, Financial Intermediation, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, and Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security, and, Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement A Call Center Agent with 1-3 years work experience and with supervisory and leadership training can advance to become a Team Leader or Supervisor; Promotion to Middle Manager after 2 -3 years supervisory work experience plus training in business management, account management and project planning. Nature of Work The Contact Center industry's workforce is led by Call Center Agents. A Call Center Agent answers all inbound and outbound calls in a professional, friendly and timely manner. Tasks
Handles calls involving inquiries of all types: technical help desk, payment authorization, order taking and fulfillment, complaints, customer service; disputes; transcriptions, requests, sales and billing; and marketing; and Verifies all customer information; documenting all pertinent information; and expected to trouble shoot each call appropriately in order to satisfy customer's request.
Good command of the English language, both oral and written;
Computer proficiency particularly with reference to typing speed and navigational skills; Knowledge of Order Processing System, Database, Spreadsheet, Word Processing and Internet Software; and Oral & written proficiency in other languages such as Spanish. French, Mandarin, Cantonese, Korean and Japanese is an advantage.

Customer service-oriented; Willing to work on shifts; Strong organizational skills with attention to details; and Ability to exercise independent judgment.
Cashier
Salary/Compensation At entry level, a Cashier takes home a base pay of P7,000 - P11,800 per month and may even go up to P15,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Basic Educational Requirement The minimum requirement to be a Cashier is a high school diploma or any four-year course, or one to three months related experience and/or training. Any equivalent combination of education and experience is an advantage. Cost of Education * There is no often prefer banking and P25,000 per institutions. specific educational requirement to be a Cashier. However, employers applicants with a bachelors degree particularly if one is applying in the finance sector. A four year course would normally range from P15,000 semester in private universities and about P7,000 to P10,000 in public
Employment Opportunities There are numerous opportunities for cashiers and these can be found in any of the following establishments: supermarkets, convenience stores, movie theaters, ticket agencies, casinos, and banks among others. Cashiers can work in the following industries: Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas and Water Supply, Wholesale and Retail Trade, Hotel and Restaurants, Transport, Storage and Communication, Financial Intermediaton, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security, Education , Health and Social Work, Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities and in Private Households. Prospects for Career Advancement Prospects for advancement include promotion to a full-time position for those working part-time, head cashier or cash office clerk, or another position with more responsibility. Nature of Work A Cashier receives and disburses money in establishments other than financial institutions. The job usually involves use of electronic scanners, cash registers, or related equipment. Cashiers are also often involved in processing credit or debit card transactions and in validating checks.
Tasks

Computes and records totals of transactions; Counts money in cash drawers at the beginning of shifts to ensure that amounts are correct and that there is adequate change; Establishes or identifies prices of goods, services or admission, and tabulates bills using calculators, cash registers, or optical scanners; Issues receipts, refunds, credits, or change due to customers; Processes merchandise return and ex-changes; Receives payment by cash, check, credit cards, vouchers, or automatic debits; Calculates total payments received during a time period, and reconciles these with total sales; and Keeps periodic balance sheets of amounts and number of transactions

Ability to read and comprehend simple instructions; Ability to add and subtract in order to make change, complete shift reports, and account for numbers of a variety of products; Must be able to do repetitious work accurately; and Ability to operate all equipment necessary to perform the job.

Manual dexterity; Can deal tactfully and pleasantly with customers; Neat in appearance; Physically fit; and Can work on varied hours/days, including nights, weekends, and holidays as needed.
Chemist
Salary/Compensation At the entry level, a Chemist receives salary ranging from P13,000 - P26,000. In the U.S., the average salary pay is around US $4,073. Basic Educational Requirement To become a Chemist, one needs to have a bachelors degree in Chemistry however, many positions, especially those in research, require a Ph.D. Most undergraduate programs emphasize mathematics and physics as well as chemistry, partly because chemistry is also known as the central science. Cost of Education * A B.S. Chemistry course would cost around P25,000 to P50,000 per semester in private universities and approximately P3,500 to P10,000 per semester in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Major employers of Chemists are academic institutions, chemical and pharmaceutical industry, and government laboratories. Most companies hire Chemists with experience and has multiple research background. Prospects for Career Advancement Chemists interested in becoming managers will have to take additional business management courses. Chemists can also work as teachers and lecturers in primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions. Nature of Work Chemists are involved in creating new compounds [molecules] for usage against diseases in humans, animals, and plants, as well as new materials for use in technologies like computers, clothes for astronauts, or for spaceships with advanced instruments. They are also involved in the analyses (determination of purity) of compounds in the food, mining, plastics, paint and pharmaceutical industries. Tasks

Study the reactions of certain compounds and the new production of new compounds; Investigate the fundamental aspects of chemical reactions;
Determine which substances are present in a sample and in what quantities, and also develop new methods of analysis; and Attempt to refine existing theories and develop new theories.

Ability to prepare scientifically accurate and through reports; Can communicate effectively; Ability to perform necessary mathematical calculations; Knowledge of the basic principles and practices of physical and analytical chemistry; and Updated sources of information and current literature in the field of analytical chemistry.

Can maintain effective working relationships with others; Ability to assist in the development of the methods and procedures to be followed in the analysis of various substances and materials; and Knowledge of the operation of laboratory equipment and apparatus such as balances, microscopes, hoods, pH meters, infrared spectrometer, gas chromatography, atomic absorption spectrometer, and combustion furnaces.
Commercial Airline Pilot

Salary/Compensation Locally, a First Officer receives an average monthly salary of P175,000 while a Captains average monthly salary is estimated at around P275,000. Aside from the basic salary airline pilots receive additional benefit such as premium and longevity pay, incentive pay, transportation allowance, monthly rice subsidy, 13th and 14th month pay, and reduced rates on personal and family airline travel. In the U.S., the highest total monthly pay of $130,000 belongs to Captains/Pilots in command of larger jets while those manning small jets get approximately $100,000. In other foreign countries, pay and benefits are definitely higher than local rates. Basic Educational Requirement Apart from the educational attainment demanded by employers, which may or may not be aviation-related, an airline pilot is required to have a license from the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) or formerly Air Transportation Office (ATO), before he can perform his duties. Among the requirements for a pilots license are instrument ratings, type ratings, aircraft ratings, pilot proficiency checks, flight checks, proof of experience and training. The grant of licenses or progressions always require a certain number of prescribed flying hours. To qualify as a commercial airline pilot, one must meet the following specifications:

At least 18 years old; Must be fit enough to pass a 2nd-class medical examination administered by the CAAP approved flight medical examiner; Must meet the minimum flight experience of 150 hours; Must enrol in the CAAP approved ground courses and pass the written exam; and Must pass the oral and practical CAAP flight test with the CAAP examiner.
Cost of Education * A course in B.S. Aviation major in Flying cost around P95,000 per tri-semester while training in-flight operations would cost at around P5,000-P33,000 per hour depending on type of aircraft. Employment Opportunities Entry opportunities for Commercial Airline Pilots will be with small airline companies plying domestic routes. For most full-time flying jobs, experience is the primary consideration in increasing the pilots employment opportunities and the chance to
land a job in major airline companies. Those with a degree in aviation have better employment prospects since major airlines are increasingly hiring pilots with university degrees preferably in aviation related courses. The demand for airline pilots is expected to steadily increase over the years as populations grow and incomes rise, stimulating the demand for air travel. There will also be various opportunities for overseas employment with job openings expected to come from China, India, Singapore, Hong Kong, Qatar and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Prospects for Career Advancement An Airline Pilot begins with smaller regional or commuter airlines where he obtains experience flying passengers. These jobs often lead to higher paying jobs with bigger national or major carriers. In commercial airlines, advancement within the company usually depends on seniority and experience. First officers may advance to a Captain after meeting the prescribed number of flying hours and advance training. Seniority also determines which pilots get the more desirable routes and schedules. A Pilot who has logged the greatest number of flying hours using sophisticated equipment usually have the best prospects for career advancement. Others may also be promoted to managerial positions. Nature of Work A commercial airline pilot transports passengers and cargo, normally on fixed routes and schedules. He commands a multi-crew airline aircraft and has full responsibility for the safety of the aircrafts passengers and crew. Tasks

Prepares flight plans based on weather forecast and operational information; Conducts pre-flight check on maintenance status of aircraft prior to flight; Conducts checks of flight controls, instruments and aircraft engines; Confers with flight dispatchers and weather forecasters; Checks for fuel requirements and fuel quantities prior to flight; Operates radio equipment to contact control tower for takeoff, clearance, and arrival instructions; Makes sure passengers are correctly informed of emergency procedures and maintain care of passengers; and Provides passengers with information and weather details.
Cognitive and Social Skills - work load management; - situational awareness; - communication skills;
- planning, problem solving, - decision making; Technical Skillsaeronautical knowledge (navigation. meteorology, radio operation, air traffic communications, flight planning, aircraft weight and balance); Aerospace Engineering Skills (aircraft instrument systems, engine system, airframe and mechanical systems, maintenance practices for pilot, avionics and electrical systems); Physics and aircraft general knowledge; Operation performance; Managerial and coordination skills; and Aircraft operation systems Physical Attributes and Characteristics

Have high standards of integrity; Must be good at working with people; Can exercise independent judgement;
Computer Systems Analyst

Salary/Compensation A Computer Systems Analyst's entry level salary ranges from P30,000 - P35,000 per month and may even go up to P40,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Big companies offer relatively higher salaries. In the US, the median monthly pay is around US $5,600. Basic Educational Requirement Many employers require Computer System Analysts to be formally educated. The minimum requirement is a bachelors degree. Some employers require an advanced degree for more-complex jobs and senior positions. Instead of a degree, some employers might accept equivalent experience in computers and electronics, design or experience plus computer certification. Cost of Education * The cost of pursuing a Bachelor Degree (4-year course) in Computer Science may cost from P110,000 to as high as P300,000 depending on the educational institution the student is enrolled. Employment Opportunities Because of the increasing information technology needs in virtually all industries, Computer System Analyst jobs are forecasted to grow faster than the average level. The computer system design, games, and related services industry is likely to be the largest provider of jobs for Computer System Analysts. Prospects for Career Advancement Career advancement for Computer Systems Analysts with leadership skills include promotion to middle-management positions, such as project manager or manager of information systems or even executive positions such as chief information officer [CIO]. Some Systems Analysts eventually strike out on their own by becoming selfemployed independent contractors, consultants or small-business owners. This is because the job of a computer system analyst is often treated singly which suits the self-employed. Nature of Work A Computer Systems Analyst analyzes science, engineering, business and all other data processing problems for application to electronic data processing systems. He/She analyzes user requirements, procedures, and problems to automate or improve existing
systems and review computer system capabilities, workflow and scheduling limitations. A Computer Systems Analyst may analyze or recommend commercially available software and may also supervise computer programmers. Tasks

Provides staff and users with assistance solving computer related problems such as malfunctions and program problems; Tests, maintains and monitors computer programs and systems, including installation; Uses object-oriented programming languages, as well as client and server applications development processes and internet technology; Coordinates and links the computer systems within an organization to increase compatibility for information; Consults with management to ensure agreement on system principles; and Expands or modifies system to serve new purposes or improve work flow.

Knowledge of a specific computer system; Strong analytical and problem-solving skills; Good interpersonal and communication skills; Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in the production of precision technical plans, blue prints, drawings, and models; and Ability to identify complex problems and review related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Physical Attributes and Characteristics Can listen and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences; Ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem only recognizing there is a problem; Can apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense; Can combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions including finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events; Ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. * Based on 2011 rates.
Crane and Tower Operator

Salary/Compensation Locally, Crane and Tower Operators receive a monthly salary of P15,000 - P20,000 depending on the industry they belong. In the US, Crane and Tower Operators receive a monthly salary of $4,500 to $8,500, again depending on the industry. In other foreign countries, pay and benefits are definitely higher than local rates. Basic Educational Requirement Material movers generally learn skills informally, on the job, from more experienced workers or their supervisors. Many employers prefer applicants with a high school diploma, but most simply require workers to be physically and mentally able to perform the work. Cost of Education/Training* The training cost for Crane and Tower Operators approximately ranges from P13,000 P20,000 and training duration is about 1 to 2 months. There are also instances that training for heavy equipment operators are conducted inhouse, since the employers have the equipment. Employment Opportunities Opportunities in this occupation can be found in warehousing, and storage industry, and industries involved in production, distribution and sales of goods.Crane and Tower Operators may be employed in the following industries: Mining and Quarrying; Manufacturing; Electricity, Gas and Water Supply; Construction; Transport, Storage and Communication; and Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement In this occupation, experience may allow workers to qualify to an earthmoving moving operator (heavy equipment operator) position before being promoted to a better paying and more highly skilled job. Some may eventually advance to become supervisors. Nature of Work Crane and Tower Operators use machinery to move construction materials, earth, petroleum products, and other heavy materials. Generally, they move materials over
short distancesaround construction sites, factories, or warehouses. Some move materials onto or off of trucks and ships. Operators control equipment by moving levers, wheels, or foot pedals; operating switches; or turning dials. They also may set up and inspect equipment, make adjustments, and perform minor maintenance or repairs. Tasks

Lifts and moves materials, machine, or products in any direction by using a crane/mechanical boom, tower or cable equipment; Lubricates equipment components and attachments; and Maintains equipment log sheets and reports.

Coordination; Can operate a variety of material moving equipment safely via hand signals, radio communication and using occupant safety devices; Can perform pre-operational checks of equipment as well as basic maintenance on track or rubber tire undercarriage, buckets and attachments; Knowledgeable site planning and set up; Ability to acquire and use the knowledge of material moving fundamentals.; and Possess basic Math skills for estimation of weight and distance.

Ability to continuously learn about new techniques/equipment in order to operate safely while maintaining productivity; Good hand-eye coordination; Physically and mentally fit; Good attention to detail; and Good sense of balance.
Caregiver
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a Caregivers entry level salary ranges from P10,000-P12,000 per month and may even go up to P15,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in Canada, the average hourly rate for a caregiver ranges from C$9,72 to C$12.33. Basic Educational Requirement For those aspiring to be a Caregiver, one must be at least college level or graduate of an associate degree in medical and allied related courses and have completed a training course on caregiving from TESDA or its accredited training institutions. Cost of Training * The training duration for caregiving would usually last 6 months and training costs ranges from P19,000 to P30,000. For those who have completed and passed the caregiving course, the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) is providing assessment of caregivers competencies. Employment Opportunities Most Caregivers work abroad, in countries like Taiwan, Canada, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Italy, Kuwait, Spain, Cyprus, Qatar, and Bermuda. Emerging host destinations which will accommodate Filipino Caregivers are the following: Oman, Japan, Singapore, Australia, Switzerland, United Kingdom, France, Iceland, Netherland, Norway, Sweden, and United Arab Emirates, and United States.Caregivers can work in the Health and Social Work industry and in Private Households. Prospects for Career Advancement To enter other health occupations is the next career move for a Caregiver. Caregivers generally need additional formal training and education on related health and medical sciences. Experience as a Caregiver can also help individuals decide whether to pursue a career in other health-care fields. Nature of Work A Caregiver is a worker qualified to provide personal care independently or with minimal supervision to children, elderly or disabled persons at either clients home or at an institution. He/She is also responsible for the psychological & physical needs of an infant, child or adult.
Tasks

Bathes, dresses infants and toddlers and puts them to sleep and maintains childrens paraphernalia; Promotes the social, intellectual, physical and emotional development of children; Provides assistance in the elderlys care needs and people with disabilities; Makes up beds, performs laundry, cooks meals and dishes according to recipes; Maintains a healthy and safe environment; and Respond to emergencies and accidents.
Skills and Competencies A Caregiver is expected to be equipped with the following knowledge and skills:

Use of materials specification and its uses (bed pans and catheter, gauze pads, linens, bed sheets, towels, etc.); Use of tools/equipment and instrument (wheelchair and other ambulatory equipment.); Measurement and mathematics; Hygiene, proper health care and infant care; Work ethics; Time and management; First aid treatment; Dietary requirements; and Values and interpersonal skills.

Must be physically and mentally fit; Compassionate to the patients; and Have good moral character.
Chef
Salary/Compensation Salaries of Chefs vary considerably according to the type of food services establishment in which they work. Salaries are usually highest in elegant restaurants and hotels. The monthly salary of Chefs for entry level starts from P10,000 to 18,000. Basic Educational Requirement There is no specific educational requirement for Chefs. However, most employers prefer to hire high school graduates, with course in commercial food preparation. It is recommended for those planning a career as a Chef to enroll in culinary courses offered by various culinary schools. Cost of Education * A 4-year degree in International Hospitality Management with specialty in Culinary costs around P170,000 to P200,000 per semester, inclusive of the materials (utensils and ingredients) that will be used during the whole course. Employment Opportunities Employment growth will be spurred by increases in population, household income, and leisure time that will allow people to dine out and take vacations more often. In addition, growth in the number of two-income households will lead more families to opt for the convenience of dining out. There are likewise opportunities for overseas employment in large hotels and on board luxury liners. Prospects for Career Advancement Advancement opportunities for Chef depend on their training, work experience, and ability to perform more responsible and sophisticated tasks. A number of them may advance to Sous-chef and Executive chef, supervisory or management positions particularly in hotels, clubs, and more elegant restaurants. Others go into business as caterers or restaurant owners, while others become instructors in culinary schools. Nature of Work A Chef plans and directs food preparation and cooking activities, and prepares and cooks meals and specialty foods. Tasks
Plans and directs food preparation and cooking activities;
Plans menus, ensures food meets quality standards; Estimates food and labor cost; Supervises activities of cooks and other kitchen staff; Demonstrates new cooking technique; Instructs cooks in preparation, cooking, garnishing of food displays; and Plans the requisition of food and kitchen supplies.

Coordination; Management of material resources; Management of personnel resources; Instructing; Planning and implementation ; Oral comprehension; and Number facility.

Oral expression; Manual dexterity; Neat; and Physically fit.
Civil Engineer
Salary/Compensation Locally, a Civil Engineer receives a monthly salary ranging from P17,000-P25,000 depending on the type of employer. In the U.S., a Civil Engineer receives a monthly salary of $4,300 to $6,400, again depending on the type of employer. In other foreign countries, pay and benefits are definitely higher than local rates. Basic Educational Requirement A diploma in Civil Engineering is required and practice of profession requires a license from the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). Cost of Education * In a public university, a course in Civil Engineering costs approximately P3,500 per semester or a total of P35,000 for the entire five-year course. In a private institution, the total cost may range between P310,000 and P515,000 depending on the institution. Employment Opportunities Locally, the demand for Civil Engineers depends on the current state of the construction industry. A construction boom will spur the demand for Civil Engineers and other skilled construction workers. Government spending on infrastructure will likewise push the demand for this type of workers. Overseas, the demand for engineers and other construction workers of various skills will continue in the Middle East, Korea, The Caribbean Islands, Malaysia, Ireland and Canada. Civil Engineers may be employed in the following industries: Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas and Water Supply, Construction, and Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement A Civil Engineer may advance into supervisory positions, taking complete charge of a construction project as Project Engineer. This involves bigger responsibilities which consists of directing construction, operations, and maintenance activities at project site. Another area to further advance his/her career is to engage in consultancy services wherein he/she provides technical advice regarding design, construction, or program modification and structural repairs to industrial and managerial personnel. He/She may also render services in the conduct of scientific studies to identify engineering problems and assess the potential impact of projects. Nature of Work
A Civil Engineer performs engineering duties in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures, and facilities such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, dams, irrigation projects, pipeline, power plants, water and sewage system, waste disposal units, and other civil engineering structures. Tasks
Advises on and design structures such as bridges, dams, docks, roads, airports, railways, canals, pipelines, waste-disposal and flood-control systems, and industrial and other large buildings; Instructs, directs and supervises underground constructions such as tunnels, basements, foundations, and also scope protection, infrastructures, water containment and distribution systems; Establishes control systems to ensure efficient functioning of structures as well as safety and environmental protection;

Aptitude for mathematics; Ability to analyze, compare,and interpret facts and figures quickly; Excellent communication skills both verbally and in writing; Practical knowledge of computers (basic accounting software packages) and their applications in accounting and internal auditing; Strong interpersonal skills. Investigates existing structures, retro fit and strengthen the same; Organizes and directs maintenance and repair of existing structures; Studies and advises on technological aspects of particular materials; Maintains technical liaison and consultancy with other relevant specialist; and Inspects project sites to monitor progress and ensures conformance to design specifications and safety or sanitation standards.

Can handle extreme pressure; Willing to work extended hours if needed; Creative and imaginative; and Ability to see details at close range. Capable of organizing, coordinating and supervising workers.
Computer Programmer
Salary/Compensation An entry level Programmer makes around P16,000 - P30,000 per month. Experienced and advanced Lead Programmers and System Programmers can receive as much as P50,000 a month. Basic Educational Requirement A Computer Programmer must have a bachelors degree in computer science or in another discipline with a significant computer programming content. Specialization in programming for engineering and scientific applications requires specific post-graduate study or experience. Cost of Education * The cost of pursuing a Bachelors Degree (4-year course) in Computer Science may cost from P110,000 to as high as P300,000 depending on the educational institution or in the computer colleges that thrive in the country. Employment Opportunities In our computer tech age, Computer Programmers are highly in demand here and abroad. Most of the businesses in different industries use computers and need a certain software to run them. Each of these software programs is tailor-made by the programmers to fit the system needs of the business and it is the task of Computer Programmers to develop these Computer Software Programs. And as the Philippines becomes the call enter capital of the world overtaking India, the demand for computer programmers and other IT-related occupations remain strong, opening more prospects for these types of workers. Prospects for Career Advancement For Computer Programmers who keep up to date with the latest technology, the prospects for advancement are good. They may be promoted to Lead Programmer and be given supervisory responsibilities. Some may move into Systems Programming, Programmer Analyst or Systems Analyst on a managerial level. Nature of Work A Computer Programmer writes, modifies, integrates and test computer codes for microcomputer and mainframe software applications, data processing applications, opening and operating systems-level software, and communications software. Computer Programmers generally know more than one programming language. In
practice, a Programmer is often referred to by the language he knows, such as Java Programmer, or by the type of function he performs or environment in which he works - for example, Database Programmers, Mainframe Programmers, or Web Programmers. Tasks

Maintains existing computer programs by making modifications as required; Identifies and communicates technical problems, processes and solutions; Prepares reports, manuals and other documentation on the status, operation and maintenance of software; Writes, modifies, integrates and tests software codes; Assists in the collection and documentation of users requirements; Assists in the development of logical and physical specifications; and Researches and evaluates a variety of software products.
Skills and Competencies A Computer Programmer must be familiar with the different computer languages that work with programming and web environment:

Cobol, Java, and C++ (primary computer languages); SQL, and XQuery (Query languages); HTML (Markup language which is typically used for producing documents); XSLT (Transformation language); and Must have extensive knowledge of a variety of operating systems and be able to configure the system to work with different types of hardware.

He/She should think logically and must pay attention to details; Patience and persistence; Ability to do exacting analytical work, especially under pressure; Ingenuity and creativity in designing solutions and in testing work for potential failure; Good communication skills, both oral and written.
Computer Technician
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a computer technician receives a minimum salary of P404 a day in NCR and may even go up to P500 a day for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the average hourly rate for a computer technician is $18.18 per hour. Basic Educational Requirement A Computer Technician must be a graduate of technical/vocational course on Computer Hardware Servicing and Basic Computer Programming. These courses are offered by TESDA accredited schools and institutions. Most employers prefer at least 23 years work related experience. Cost of Education * A bachelors degree in Computer and other Information Technology related courses normally ranges from P40,000 to P60,000 per semester in private schools and universities. However, in public educational institutions that offer the same discipline, tuition fee would cost about 20%-40% less. Employment Opportunities Information Technology remains in demand nowadays because most industries are now using computers and computer applications. Computer Technicians are widely needed both local and abroad. Most local Computer Technicians work as freelancer. Computer Technicians are also widely needed abroad. Prospects for Career Advancement Entry level Computer Technician can be promoted as Senior Technician or Supervisor after a year, if good working performance is maintained. They can also consider putting up their own computer shop after retirement . Nature of Work A Computer Technician maintains, repairs computers, and downloads computer application. He/She can work as a freelancer or work in a computer and repair shops. Tasks

Repairs computers with damage or dysfunctions; Installs or downloads computer applications;
Assembles computer parts; Performs network maintenance and troubleshooting; Checks the capacity of the computer; Ensures the functions of the computer; Checks and repairs computer connections; Communicates with clients about the computer condition; and Advises proper care of computer and the best computer programs and brand.

Must have wide knowledge and ability in repairing computers; Must have knowledge in different software applications; Knowledge in troubleshooting; and Knowledge in detecting computer viruses.

Ability to repair multiple computers; Know how to assemble computer parts and can do networking; Knowledge in repairing different brand and type of computers; and Must have good communication skills.
Database Administrator
Salary/Compensation A database administrators entry level salary ranges from P35,000 - P37,000 per month and may even go up to P40,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. In the US, the median monthly pay is around US $5,852. Basic Educational Requirement For database administrator positions, most employers seek applicants who have a bachelors degree in Computer Science, Information Science, or Management Information Systems (MIS). MIS programs usually are part of the school curriculum on business and differ considerably from computer science programs, emphasizing business and management-oriented coursework and business computing courses. Employers increasingly prefer applicants with a Masters degree in Business Administration (MBA) with concentration in information systems, as more firms move their business to the Internet. Cost of Education* Pursuing a Bachelors Degree (4-year course) in Computer Science may cost from P110,000 to as high as P300,000 depending on the educational institution the student is enrolled in. Employment Opportunities Database administrators are projected to be one of the fastest growing occupations over the next decade. Strong employment growth combined with a limited supply of qualified workers will result in excellent employment prospects for this occupation and a high demand for their skills. Database administrators may also be employed in the following industries: Manufacturing; Electricity, Gas and Water Supply; Construction; Hotels and Restaurants; Transport, Storage and Communication; Financial Intermediation; Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities; Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security; Education; Health and Social Work; and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement A database administrator may advance into managerial positions, such as chief technology officer, on the basis of their experience managing data and enforcing security. Computer specialists with work experience and considerable expertise in a particular experience and considerable expertise in a particular subject or a certain application may find lucrative opportunities as independent consultants or may choose to start their own computer consulting firms.
Nature of Work A Database Administrator works with database software. He/She identifies user needs, sets up computer databases, and tests systems. He ensures that systems perform as they should and add people to the system as needed. Database administrators often plan security measures. Data integrity, backup and security are critical parts of the job. Tasks

Work with database management systems software and determine ways to organize and store data; Identify user needs and set up new computer databases; Integrate data from outdated systems into a new system; and Test and coordinate modifications to the system when needed, and trouble-shoot problems when they occur.

Must be able to think logically; Good communication skills both orally and written; and Ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.

Can listen and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences; Ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving problem, only recognizing there is a problem; Can combine pieces of information to rules or conclusions finding a relationship among unrelated events; and Ability to concentrate and pay close attention to detail.
Dental Assistant
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a Dental Assistants entry level salary ranges from P8,000-P15,000 per month and may even go up to P18,000 month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the annual average salary for a Dental Assistant is $46,150 or $3,845 per month. Basic Educational Requirement Usually, a high school diploma is required to become a Dental Assistant, and may require some vocational training or job-related course work. In some cases, an associate's or bachelor's degree could be needed. Cost of Education* There is no specific educational requirement to be a Dental Assistant. However, employers often prefer applicants with a high school diploma particularly if one is applying in a health institution. High school education would normally range from P25,000 - P40,000 per year in private universities and about P3,000 to P5,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Dental Assistants work under the supervision of professional Dentists who have put up their own dental business or who work in private or public health institutions. Most Dental Assistants pursue a course in B.S. Dentistry to become a full pledge dentist and have a distinct advantage in the job market.Dental Assistants may be employed in the following industries: Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security; Education; Health and Social Work; and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Without further education, advancement opportunities are limited. Some Dental Assistants become office managers, dental-assisting instructors, or dental product sales representatives. Others go back to school to become dental hygienists. For many, this entry-level occupation provides basic training and experience and serves as a stepping stone to more highly skilled and higher paying jobs. Nature of Work A Dental Assistant performs a variety of patient care, office, and laboratory duties. He/She assists the Dentist in examining and treating patients. He/She makes patients
as comfortable as possible in the dental chair, prepares them for treatment, and obtains their dental records, hands instruments and materials to the Dentist and keeps patients' mouths dry and clear by using suction or other devices. He/She also sterilizes and disinfects instruments and equipment, prepares trays of instruments for dental procedures, and instructs patients on postoperative and general oral health care. Tasks

Assists the Dentist in management of medical and dental emergencies; Applies protective coating of fluoride to teeth ; Cleans teeth, using dental instruments; Provides postoperative instructions prescribed by the Dentist; Prepares patient, sterilizes and disinfects instruments, sets up instrument trays, prepares materials, and assists the dentist during dental procedures; Takes and records medical and dental histories and vital signs of patients; Exposes dental diagnostic x-rays; Fabricates temporary restorations and custom impressions from preliminary impressions; and Schedules appointments, prepares bills and receives payment for dental services, completes insurance forms, and maintains records, manually or using computer.

Knowledgeable in dental treatment procedures; Ability to follow dental or medical x-ray procedures; Can operate dental equipment; Has knowledge of medical terminologies; Can perform dental hygiene procedures; and Ability to follow patient care procedures.

He/She must be reliable; Can work well with others; Must have good manual dexterity; and Have a keen interest in helping others.
Dietician
Salary/Compensation The salary for a Dietician at the entry level ranges from P10,000 to P16,000 per month. Aside from the basic pay, he/she also gets allowances and other incentives. In the U.S., dieticians may receive between $3,000 - $4,200 a month. Basic Educational Requirement A Dietician requires a bachelors degree in nutrition or a related field such as food and nutritional science or biochemistry, and one to two years of supervised practical training. To be a full-pledged Dietician, one must also pass the licensure exam given by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). Cost of Education* The cost of a 4-year course in nutrition or a related field such as food and nutritional science or biochemistry normally ranges from as low as P8,000 to as much as P290,000 depending on the educational institution enrolled in. Employment Opportunities Employment of Dieticians is expected to grow due to increased emphasis on disease prevention, a growing and aging population, and public interest in nutrition. The number of Dietician positions in some hospitals is expected to grow at a gradual pace as hospitals continue to contract out food service operations. Also, employment is expected to grow fast in contract providers of food services, social services agencies, and physicians offices and clinics. Dieticians may likewise be employed in th following industries: Hotels and Restaurants; and Health and Social Work Industry. Prospects for Career Advancement A Dietician may specialize in areas such as administrative dietetics, clinical dietetics, community dietetics, public health dietetics or research dietetics. Dieticians may progress to management positions through additional experience. Nature of Work A Dietician plans, organizes, conducts and supervises programs in nutrition, diet and food service. He/She is employed in a variety of settings including hospitals, extended care facilities, public health centers, the food and beverage industry, educational institutions,
sports organizations and government, or they may be self-employed.
A Dietician should not be confused with a Nutritionist. A Dietician is health care professional who has received specialized and formal accredited tertiary education and training, undertook internship in hospitals, and is required to adhere to their regulatory bodys code of conduct. He/She is also the only non-medically trained healthcare professional permitted to practice clinically in hospitals or healthcare facilities. On the other hand, a Nutritionist is a person who advises people on dietary matters relating to health, well-being and optimal nutrition. It should be noted that anyone (whether with or without formal specialized education) can refer to themselves as a nutritionist. Tasks
Develops, administers and supervises nutrition and food preparation and service programs in hospitals, nursing homes, schools, company cafeterias or similar settings; Evaluates nutritional status of individuals and provides nutrition counseling and consulting to health professionals, dietetic interns, community groups, government, media and individuals; Aids in the prevention and/or treatment of inadequate nutrition; Plans, evaluates and conducts nutrition education programs and develops educational materials for various audiences; Practices on an individual basis or as a member of an interdisciplinary team to determine nutritional needs of patients and to plan normal and therapeutic menus.
A dietician is often involved in identifying and treating health ailments. Therefore, knowledge of prevention at every stage of growth and development and a background in metabolism and biochemistry of nutrients and food components are critical. He/She should be able to plan nutrition programs and supervise the preparation and serving of meals. Must have an interest in nutrition and the welfare of people. He/she must be non-judgmental and understanding about alternative lifestyles and must have tact and patience when persuading people to change eating habits.
Physical Attributes and Characteristics Should be patient, respectful and responsive to the clients needs; Flexibility and ability to work on his/her own and as part of a team Good organizational skills and an aptitude for and an interest in science; and Good verbal and written communication skills. * Based on tuition fee rates for school year 2010-2011.
Doctor (General Practitioner)

Salary/Compensation Most Doctors who are engaged in general practice have small private clinics but usually they are associated in hospitals where they refer some of the patients from time to time for further assessment and/or treatment. Their consultation fee ranges from P300 - P500 per patient. Doctors employed in hospitals get a monthly pay between P20,000 to P35,000. In the US, the average monthly pay is between US $15,000 to $20,000.
Basic Educational Requirement Before a candidate can be admitted to a medical school, he/she must earn a pre-med bachelors degree with credits in certain required subjects. The most common premedical degrees include biology, psychology, medical technology, pharmacy, nursing, and physical therapy. The M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) program is a four-year professional degree program dealing with medical theories, practices, technologies, and problem solving. The completion of the degree qualifies a candidate to take the licensure exam for medical doctors.
Cost of Education * To be a doctor cost a fortune these days. A bachelors degree in pre-med education would cost around P40,000 to 55,000 per semester in private universities and approximately P8,000 to P13,000 in public institutions. The four-year Medicine proper professional program will definitely be more expensive. Approximately per semester, a candidate would shell out around P75,000 to 120,000 per semester in private institutions and approximately P35,000 to P45,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Opportunities for those interested in becoming doctors are expected to be very good. Here in the Philippines, the ratio is one doctor for every 10,000 to 26,000 Filipinos. There are few doctors to cater to the needs of Filipinos due to the high cost of medical education and its lengthy training. Opportunities should be particularly high in the rural and low-income areas, however, some doctors find these areas unattractive due
to less control over work hours, isolation from medical colleagues, or other reasons. Newly trained doctors face radically different choices of where and how to practice. New doctors are much less likely to enter solo practice and more likely to take salaried jobs in group medical practices, clinics, and health networks. Doctors may be employed in the following industries: Hotels and Restaurants, Public Adminstration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security, Education, and Health and Social Work. Prospects for Career Advancement Doctors in General Practice can pursue career advancement by further studying and considering various specialization in the following fields: Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Psychology, Surgery, Cardiology, Gastroenterology, Pathology, and Dermatology among others. Nature of Work A Doctor (General Practitioners) provides primary and continuing medical care for patients. He/she takes account of physical, psychological and social factors when diagnosing an illness and recommends the required treatment. Patients may be referred to hospital clinics for further assessment and/or treatment. General Practitioners may run specialist clinics for patients with specific conditions. Doctors work alongside other healthcare professionals to discuss care options for patients and their families. Tasks Performs surgeries; Refers patients to specialist services in hospitals; Promotes health education in conjunction with other health professionals; and Organizes preventive medical programs for individual patients. Skills and Competencies Ability to make decisions in emergencies; Responsive to questions, concerns and fears of the patient; and Ability to provide emotional support for health care workers, patients and families. Physical Attributes and Characteristics Must have a desire to serve patients; Can survive the pressures and long hours of medical education and practice; Sensitive to the feelings of the patients and family members; Be self-motivated; Emotional stability; and Must have a good bedside manner. * Based on tuition fee rates for school year 2010-2011.
Electrical Engineer
Salary/Compensation Locally, the monthly basic salary of an electrical engineer may range from P16,000 to P35,000 depending on the industry he is employed. Abroad, electrical engineers receive a monthly salary of $4,700 to $6,700. Basic Educational Requirement A five-year bachelors degree in Electrical Engineering is the minimum academic requirement. The practice of profession requires a license from the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). Cost of Education * In a public university, a course in Electrical Engineering is approximately P3,500 per semester or a total of P35,000 for the entire five year course. In a private institution, the total cost may range between P300,000 in less expensive schools to P490,000 plus, in the more expensive schools. Employment Opportunities Electrical Engineers may be found in the lab environment of a fabrication plant, the offices of a consulting firm or on site at a mine. During their career as an electrical engineer, they may find themselves supervising a wide range of individuals including scientists, electricians, computer programmers and other engineers. Electrical Engineers may be employed in the following industries:Mining and Quarrying; Manufacturing; Electricity, Gas and Water Supply; Construction; Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods; and Transport, Storage and Communication. Prospects for Career Advancement An Electrical Engineer who has undergone apprenticeship training through different activities in a power company have the opportunity to assume a supervisory or managerial position. Those who don't have the inclination to be managers follow a parallel career by becoming experts or specialists in the long run. This group is given specialized assignments and become staff engineers or corporate specialist. Nature of Work An Electrical Engineer designs, develops, tests and supervises the manufacture of electrical equipment. This includes power generating and transmission equipment used by electric utilities and electric motors, machinery controls and lighting and wiring in buildings, automobiles and aircraft. He/she also designs and participates in the operation of utilities for generating and distributing electric power. He/She is in charge of preparing cost estimates of activities involved in the construction and installation of power generation and transmission/transformation projects. Areas of
specialization are power distribution equipment, electronics, integrated circuits, construction, electrical equipment and communications manufacturing. Tasks
Designs electrical instruments, equipment, facilities, components, products, and systems for commercial, industrial, and domestic purposes; Prepares and studies technical drawings, specifications of electrical systems and topographical maps to ensure that installation and operations conform to standards and customer requirements; Directs operations and coordinates manufacturing, construction, installation, maintenance, and testing activities to ensure compliance with specifications, codes, and customer requirements; Conducts field surveys; Confers with engineers, customers, and others to discuss existing or potential engineering projects and products; Evaluates and analyzes data regarding electric power systems and stations and recommend changes to improve operating efficiency; Inspects completed installations and observed operations for conformance to design and equipment specification and operational and safety standards; Operates computer-assisted engineering design software and equipment to perform engineering tasks; Compiles data and writes reports regarding existing and potential engineering studies and projects; Estimates labor, material, and construction cost and prepares specifications for purchase of material; and Plans layout of electric power generating plants, distribution line and stations.

Strong numerical skills; Reading and oral comprehension; Understand technical language and concepts; and Computer literate.

Creative; Flexible; Curious; and Detail-oriented.
Electrician
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, an electricians entry level salary ranges from P8,000-P12,000 per month and may even go up to P15,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the annual average salary for an electrician is $30,378 or $2,531 per month. Basic Educational Requirement To be an electrician, one must have taken a 2 year course in electric technology and have at least 2 to 5 years of experience as an electrician. Cost of Education/Training * The training cost in electrical technology approximately ranges from P7,000 - P10,000 per semester in private technical schools and about P3,000 to P5,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Electricians have high opportunity both local and abroad. They are one of the highly needed in construction, power generation plants, maintenance and repair shops. Electricians are also needed in Australia, Middle East and Canada. These countries require highly skilled Electricians with enough experience and impeccable expertise. A high salary with competitive incentives awaits deserving electricians. Electricians may be employed in the following industries: Manufacturing; Electricity, Gas and Water Supply; Construction; Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods; Hotels and Restaurants; Transport, Storage and Communication; Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities; Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security; Education; and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement An entry level Electrician is called an apprentice. Once promoted, he/she can be a level 1 Electrician. After having a good record of performance, he/she can be promoted as Senior or Head Electrician. Nature of Work An Electrician installs and repairs electrical wiring. He/She often works as a freelancer or works for a construction or electrical unit. He/She may also install or service street lights, intercom systems, or electrical control systems.
Tasks
Assembles, installs, tests, and maintains electrical or electronic wiring, equipment, appliances, apparatus, and fixtures, using hand tools and power tools; Diagnoses malfunctioning systems, apparatus, and components, using test equipment and hand tools, to locate the cause of a breakdown and correct the problem; Inspects electrical systems, equipment, and components to identify hazards, defects, and the need for adjustment or repair, and to ensure compliance with codes; Places conduit, pipes or tubing, inside designated partitions, walls, or other concealed areas, and pulls insulated wires or cables through the conduit to complete circuits between boxes; Drafts and designs layout of equipment, materials, and workspace to illustrate maximum efficiency using drafting tools and computer; Advises management on whether continued operation of equipment could be hazardous; and Provides preliminary sketches and cost estimates for materials and services.

Must have wide knowledge and ability in electric installation and repair; Knowledge in different kinds of installation; Must have wide knowledge in repairing electric circuits; Must have knowledge in electrical devices; Knowledge in connecting wires and plugs; and Basic knowledge in reading blueprints.

Ability to work individually or as part of a team; Can communicate well both orally and in writing; Good manual dexterity; Excellent eye-hand coordination; and Must be physically-fit and a good sense of balance.
Elementary School Teacher

Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, an Elementary School Teachers entry level salary ranges from P8,000-P15,000 per month and may even go up to P25,000 per month for those highlytrained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the annual average salary for an Elementary School Teacher is $53,150 or $4,429 per month. Basic Educational Requirement A B.S. in Elementary Education (BSEED) is required to become an elementary Teacher. In some cases, a master's degree would be required for a higher teaching position as in elementary school department head. A professional recognition through licensure by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) is also required before one can practice teaching. Cost of Education * A four-year course in B.S. in Elementary Education (BSEED) normally costs around P25,000 to P35,000 per semester in private schools and universities. However, in public educational institutions that offer the same discipline, tuition fee would cost about 20%-40% less. Employment Opportunities The job market for Teachers continues to vary by school location both private and public. Job prospects should be better in cities than in rural areas. Schools in the rural areas, often characterized by overcrowded, ill-equipped schools and higher-thanaverage poverty rates, and characterized by their remote location and relatively low salaries, have difficulty attracting and retaining enough teachers. Elementary School Teachers may be employed in the following industries: Public Adminstration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security, and Education. Prospects for Career Advancement Elementary Teachers are often required to obtain post-graduate degrees, attend trainings and seminars and take licensure examinations to be eligible for a promotion or higher pay. Nature of Work An Elementary School Teacher acts as facilitator or coach, using interactive discussions and "hands-on" approaches to help students learn and apply concepts in subjects such as science, mathematics, or English. He/She utilizes "props" or "manipulatives" to help
children understand abstract concepts, solve problems, and develop critical thought processes. Tasks

Adapts teaching methods and instructional materials to meet students' varying needs and interests; Administers standardized ability and achievement tests, and interprets results to determine students strengths and areas of need; Assigns and grades class work and homework; Collaborates with other teachers and administrators in the development, evaluation, and revision of elementary school programs; Confers with parents or guardians, co-teachers, counselors, and administrators in order to resolve students' behavioral and academic problems; Enforces administration policies and rules governing students; Establishes clear objectives for all lessons, units, and projects, and communicates those objectives to students; Guides and counsels students with adjustment and/or academic problems, or special academic interests; and Meets with parents and guardians to discuss their children's progress, and to determine their priorities for their children and their resource needs.

A talent for working with children; Have a good organizational, administrative, and recordkeeping abilities; Ability to influence, motivate, and train others; Adept in research and communication skills; and Have a sense of commitment and genuine love of teaching to be able to instill love of learning to students.

Must be articulate, keen observer, an effective leader and creative; Must be able to deal with different kinds of people; Ability to understand and address the need of different types of students; Must be patient and with good sense of humor; Can work well with others; and Good looking and presentable.
Embalmer
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines an Embalmers entry level salary ranges from P9,000 - P12,000 per month and may even go up to P15,000 per month for those highly trained and experienced. Embalmers also get higher pay in big mortuaries or funeral parlors. In the U.S. & Canada, the annual average salary for an Embalmer is $41,526 or $3,460 per month. Basic Educational Requirement To be an Embalmer, one must be at least a high school graduate, have undergone a year of studying & training and have received certification in basic Anatomy & Physiology, Microbiology & Parasitology, Sanitation and Hygiene, Ethics and Jurisprudence. A licensure exam is given by the Department of Health (DOH) before one can practice the embalming profession. Cost of Education * The first formal embalming and mortuary training school in the Asia Pacific is the Pacific Center for Advance Studies (PCAS) found at Nivel Hills, Barangay Lahug, Cebu City. The training cost for an embalmer approximately ranges from P10,000 - P20,000 in private mortuary training schools and about P8,000 to P12,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Embalmers can be employed by large funeral directing organizations (funeral parlors) hospitals, or embalming companies. They can also be self-employed, working for several funeral parlors salary. According to Ms. Sarah Dychangco, President of Pacific Center for Advanced Studies (PCAS), A lot of embalmers abroad are nearing age retirement and so the demand is so huge. Now, you see caregivers wanting to become embalmers because of the hefty salary. Embalmers may be employed in the following industries: Health and Social Work, and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Career advancement is dependent on pursuing further studies or training along his area of specialization. Embalmers can be supervisors working with disaster teams after gaining considerable working experience. Nature of Work
An Embalmer preserves bodies from the time of death until they can be buried or cremated. Tasks

Washes and disinfectsbodies to prevent deterioration and infection; Removes fluids and gases from the body and replaces them with injected preservatives; Washes and arranges hair and applies cosmetics; and Uses plaster of Paris or wax to restore the appearance of bodies after injury.

Ability to pay close attention to detail; and Ability to handle tools and surgical instruments.

Sensitivity to other peoples feelings; Physically fit; Interest in science particularly chemistry and anatomy; Serious and dignified in manner; and Must have respect for different religious beliefs.
Financial Analyst
Salary/Compensation Locally, a Financial Analysts entry level salary ranges from P14,000 - P30,000 per month and may even go up to P33,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. In the US, the median monthly pay is around US $4,759. Basic Educational Requirement A bachelors or graduate degree is required for a Financial Analyst and is strongly preferred for personal financial advisor. Most companies requires financial analysts to have at least a bachelors degree in finance, business administration, accounting, statistics, or economics. Coursework in statistics, economics and business is required, and knowledge of accounting policies and procedures, corporate budgeting, and financial analysis methods is recommended. A masters degree in finance or business administration is also desirable. Also useful are advanced courses in options pricing or bond valuation and knowledge of risk management. Cost of Education * A four-year business course costs around P20,000 to P45,000 per semester in a private institution while in a government-owned school, the tuition fee is only around P3,500 per semester. Employment Opportunities Growth in the industry will create many new positions, but there are still far more people who would like to enter the occupation. For those aspiring for Financial Analyst jobs, a strong academic background is absolutely essential. Good grades in courses such as finance, accounting, and economics are very important to employers. An MBA is helpful in maintaining employment. Financial Analyst may be employed in the following industries: Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods; Hotels and Restaurants; Transport, Storage and Communication; Financial Intermediation; Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities; and Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security. Prospects for Career Advancement Financial Analysts advance by moving into positions where they are responsible for larger or more important products. They may also supervise teams of financial analysts. Eventually, they may become portfolio managers or fund managers, or fund managers, directing the investment portfolios or funds of their companies.
Nature of Work A Financial Analyst provides analysis and guidance to businesses and individuals in making investment decisions. He/she gathers financial information, analyze it, and makes recommendations. Tasks

Assesses the economic performance of companies and industries for firms and institutions with money to invest; Reads company financial statements and analyzes commodity prices, sales, costs, expenses, and tax rates in order to determine a companys value and project its future earnings; Evaluates the ability of companies or governments that issue bonds to repay their debts; and Performs budget, cost, and credit analysis.

Strong math, analytical, and problem-solving skills; Good communication skills both orally and written; Detail-oriented, motivated to seek out obscure information, and familiar with the workings of the economy, tax laws, and money markets; Computer literate; Ability to work with spreadsheets and statistical packages; and Ability to present financial concepts to clients in easy-to-understand language.

Able to interact casually with people from many different backgrounds; Self-confidence, maturity, and the ability to work independently; and Polished and refined.
Flight Attendant
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a Flight Attendants entry level salary ranges from P18,000 P26,000 per month and may even go up to P36,000 to P54,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas such as in the U.S. & Canada, the average annual salary for a flight attendant is $43,350 or $3,612 per month. Basic Educational Requirement A high school diploma or its equivalent is the minimum educational requirement. However, airlines increasingly prefer applicants with a college degree. Applicants who attend schools or colleges that offer flight attendant that offer flight attendant training may have an advantage over other applicants. Highly desirable areas of concentration include people-oriented disciplines, such as communications, psychology, nursing, travel and tourism, hospitality, and education. Flight attendants for international airlines generally must speak a foreign language fluently. For their international flights, some of the major airlines prefer candidates who can speak two major foreign languages, and/or with a degree in business administration with a concentration in accounting. Cost of Education * There is no specific educational requirement to be a Flight Attendant. However, employers often prefer applicants with a bachelors degree . A four year course would normally range from P30,000 - P55,000 per semester in private universities and about P3,500 to P10,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Despite growing demand for Flight Attendants, competition is expected to be keen because this job usually attracts more applicants than there are jobs, with only the most qualified eventually being hired. College graduates who have experience dealing with the public should have the best chance of being hired. Job opportunities may be better with the faster growing regional and commuter, low-cost, and charter airlines. There also are job opportunities for professionally trained flight attendants to work for companies operating private aircraft for their executives. Flight Attendants may be employed in the following industries: Hotels and Restaurants; Transport, Storage and Communication; and Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities.
Prospects for Career Advancement Some Flight Attendants become supervisors, moving from senior or lead flight attendant, to check flight attendant, to flight attendant supervisor, then on to base manager, and finally to manager or vice president of in-flight operations. They may take on additional duties, such as recruiting, instructing, or developing in flight products. Their experience also may qualify them for numerous airline-related jobs involving transactions with the public, such as reservation ticket agent or public relations specialist. Flight attendants who do not want to travel often for various reasons may move to a position as an administrative assistant. With additional education, some Flight Attendants may decide to transfer to other areas of the airline for which they work, such as risk management or human resources. Nature of Work A Flight Attendant provides personal services to ensure the safety and comfort of airline passengers during flight. He/she greets passengers, verifies tickets, explain the use of safety equipment, and serve food or beverages. Tasks Provides customer service; Demonstrates the use of emergency equipment; Serves food and beverages; Answers customer or public inquiries; Greets customers, guests, visitors, or passengers; Announces information to patrons, passengers or others; Verifies ticket or passes; and Provides personal service to passengers. Skills and Competencies Must be poised, tactful, and resourceful; Ability to speak clearly and interact comfortably with strangers and remain calm under pressure; People and service oriented; Practical knowledge in first aide and handling of emergency equipments; and Must be courteous and hospitable. Physical Attributes and Characteristics Must be presentable and with pleasing personality; Should at least meet the minimum height requirement (5 feet and 5 inches) to reach overhead bins; Must be excellent in health; and Posses a clear vision. * Based on tuition fee rates for school year 2010-2011.
Geologist
Salary/Compensation Locally, Geologists employed in the Bureau of Mines with job titles of Geologist I, II, Senior Geologist, Supervising and Chief Geologist have a salary grade of 11, 15, 18, 22 and 24, respectively (P13,000 to P36,000) per month. In private companies, Geologists receive a salary range of P25,000 to 48,000, while companies engaged in oil exploration have a higher pay scale for their geologists. Overseas, the pay is much way above local rates, i.e., the U.S. is offering an annual average salary of $45,000 or up to $135,000 depending on the years of experience or expertise. Basic Educational Requirement The minimum education required is a college degree in Geology. Pre-college students who are interested in becoming a geologist should take preparatory courses in earth science, biology, chemistry, physics and math. Courses related to environmental science, computers, geography and mapping are also valuable. Cost of Education * The cost of a four-year bachelors degree in Geology ranges from P140,000 to P160,000. There are only three universities here in the Philippines that offer BS in Geology and these are Adamson University (Manila); Mapua Institute of Technology (Manila) and UP Diliman (Quezon City). Employment Opportunities Geologists work for a wide range of government agencies, private firms, and non-profit and academic institutions. The national government hires geologists to help plan and evaluate excavations, constructions sites, environmental remediation projects, and natural disaster preparedness, as well as to investigate natural resources. Large-scale oil companies and land developers use geologists to help them locate oil and minerals, adapt to local features such as karst deposits or the risk of earthquakes, and comply with environmental regulations. Geologists in the academe usually hold an advance degree in a specialized area within the discipline. Geologists may be employed in the following industries: Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry; Mining and Quarrying; Construction; and Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement There are several distinct levels of geology as a career, the structure distinguished by advancing the areas of specialization/discipline, and skills. Engineering Geologists, for instance, work with engineers to carry out detailed geological mapping, both surface
and underground, before a major construction work; Environmental Geologists concentrate their work on the nature of the ground and surface waters; soil movement, erosion and degradation; salinisation and coastal erosion; the effects of pollution and human activity on rivers; and the environmental effects of mining, nuclear energy and waste disposal; Field/Exploration Geologists conduct field surveys to determine the geological structure, distribution and age of rocks; and indicate where particular natural resources are likely to be found; Geochemists/Mineralogists/Petrologists concentrate their studies on the mineral and chemical composition of rocks using equipment such as optical and electron microscopes, X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption and mass spectrometry, and they may also be involved in examining the transport of pollutants through rock masses; Geomorphologists study the origin and age of landforms and land surfaces; Mathematical Geologists predict the outcome of geological problems by applying the most appropriate data and computer models; Mine Site Geologists control the grade (or quality) of the ore mined, and they also locate extensions to ore deposits by deciding which areas of an ore body should be mined at a particular time, and defining the ore limits at the mine based on economic considerations; Petroleum Geologists explore and chart stratigraphic arrangement, composition and structure of the earths surface layer to locate petroleum and natural gas, and they estimate the extent of reserves using seismic and geological survey evidence and recommend the most appropriate drilling and production methods; and Structural Geologists assist engineers by advising how rock structures can influence failure of weight bearing loads in bedrock when seeking building foundations, or to conduct water and seepage into deeper zones and aquifers. Nature of Work A Geologist is concerned with the study of the characteristics of the earths crust, particularly catastrophes, like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides and other phenomena related to the earths upper mantle. He/she studies rocks and soil, to locate mineral deposits of economic value such as metals, non metals, oil, natural gas, geothermal and underground water resources. Tasks

Explores specific areas of the earth to work out its structure and the types of rocks or minerals that exist; Studies rock cores, cuttings, and samples; Studies geostatistics and sampling theory; Studies fossilized life forms and rock strata; Studies the nature and effects of natural events such as erosion, sedimentation, glaciation, earthquakes, and volcanic hazards; Locates and manages ground water resources, investigates ground water contamination and land salinity; Undertakes geochemical sampling of stream sediment and soils; Undertakes ground magnetic and gravity surveys;
Examines geological specimens in laboratories using optical and electron microscopes, X-ray diffraction, chemical, and mechanical techniques; Assists in determining the economic viability of extracting earth resources; Advises on the geological suitability of sites for structures such as tunnels, roads, coastal installations, bridges and water supply schemes; Contributes to environmental assessments such as land use, planning and rehabilitation and the effects of pollution on sea beds; Uses computers to integrate and interpret data sets of geological information; Prepares geological models to describe processes and predict future situations; and Prepares geological reports and maps.

Should be analytical, curious and able to communicate effectively; and Ability to prepare accurate records and reports.

Must have physical stamina; Fit to work outdoors in most inaccessible areas; Willing to adhere to safety requirements; Ability to work both with a team and independently and be able to make and implement decisions effectively and balance any conflicting issues; and Ability to see details at close range (near vision).
Graphic Designer
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a Graphic Designers entry level salary ranges from P12,000 P17,000 per month and may even go up to P27,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas such as in the U.S. & Canada, the annual average salary for a graphic designer is $46,398 or $3,866 per month. Basic Educational Requirement Most Graphic Designers use a variety of very complex computer programs in their dayto-day work. Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator and PageMaker are just a few of the graphic design programs commonly used. The graphic design artist may choose to use a variety of programs when developing their design. A knowledge of all these computer programs are the requirements to become a Graphic Designer. Many Graphic Designers have taken up course in multimedia. Cost of Education * A four year course in multimedia would normally range from P130,000 - P160,000 per year in private universities and about P20,000 to P35,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Opportunities for graphic designers exist in advertising agencies, design studios, printing and publishing companies and the packaging industry. Lecturing posts in the universities and institutions is another option that may be considered. Graphic Designers can work independently as freelance artists. Graphic Designers may be employed in the following industries: Manufacturing; Construction; Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods; Transport, Storage and Communication; Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities; and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement There are many different types of graphic design. While all visual communicators solve the problem of reaching the target audience by taking an idea (message) and putting it in a visual form, Designers may pursue any of the following specialized areas:

Brand and Identity design Brand Experience Informational design Promotional and Advertising design
Publication design Type and letter design specialty However, most of the Graphic Designers work as a freelance or per project.

Nature of Work Graphic Designers develop individualistic and recognizable identities for products, services, organizations or ideas. They attempt to transmit specific messages by means of appropriate visual material. These messages may be aimed at projecting a certain image of an organization, transmitting information or promoting a service or product. They are concerned with advertising, packaging, publishing, magazine layout, corporate identity, etc. They are also involved in the production of film and television advertisements as well as the design of book covers, calendars, labels, wrappers, letterheads and trademarks. Tasks

Meet with clients and clearly understands what they are requesting, what the final project would look like; Create and develop new and unique ideas to represent an idea; Use various computer programs to generate final projects for client's approval; Modifiy, revise and edit projects as required by the client; and Stay within timelines and deadlines for completion dates for projects.

Must be multi-skilled in many technical disciplines of which a strong drawing ability is the most important; Artistic talent is a definite asset but is not always essential if the designer has a good eye for the overall picture; and Ability to adapt and modernize ideas to keep up with or be ahead of trends.

Must have a thorough knowledge of the market they serve; Ability to market goods, services and information and how to influence public opinion through their designs and illustrations; Ability to come up with and implement new ideas; and Can communicate ideas to employers and clients.
Heavy Equipment Mechanic

Salary/Compensation The monthly basic salary of a Heavy Equipment Mechanic in the Philippines may range from P12,000 to P20,000 depending on the industry he is employed in. Overseas, the average annual salary of heavy equipment mechanic is around $38,000 - $40,000. Basic Educational Requirement A high school diploma and completion of a formal training in a heavy equipment mechanic training program is a pre-requisite to qualify for the job. This is to be supplemented with on-the-job training for certain periods of time. Cost of Education/Training * The training cost for heavy equipment mechanics in public institutions approximately ranges from P7,000 - P10,000 and training duration is about 3 months. Employment Opportunities Employment of Heavy Equipment Mechanics is expected to grow to support the needs of industries such as in construction; mining; transport; and services that deal with equipment dealership, rental and leasing. Technology would also result in more complicated equipment requiring the services of specially-trained technicians to provide periodic repair and maintenance of equipment. Heavy Equipment Mechanics may be employed in the following industries: Mining and Quarrying; Manufacturing; Construction; Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods; and Transport, Storage and Communication. Prospects for Career Advancement Highly experienced heavy equipment mechanics and those with leadership ability may become shop supervisors or service managers. Others may become entrepreneurs and open their own repair shops where they can work independently and earn higher incomes. Nature of Work A Heavy Equipment Mechanic performs skilled tasks in the mechanical repair and maintenance of heavy trucks, earth moving and related construction equipment including road graders, tractors, garbage trucks, dump trucks, and bulldozers. Tasks
Diagnoses, services and repairs various systems that are found on pieces of heavy equipment such as mechanical and electronic controls, air brake systems, transmissions, high voltage generators, and pneumatic systems; Troubleshoots and repairs malfunctions in the equipment; Fabricates, modifies and installs special equipment or replacement parts; Performs routine maintenance checks and adjustments on fluid levels, hoses, belts, brakes, tires and clutches; Changes filters and oil, and lubricate vehicles and motor driven equipment; Diagnoses problems, disassembles units, repairs or replaces parts, and reassembles units; Overhauls engines, replaces engines, and rebuilds components; Tunes gas and diesel engines; services valves; fuels filters and turbo chargers; and pressure checks fuel filters; and Prepares work orders and cost material estimates.

Mechanical aptitude; Knowledgeable about the fundamentals of diesel engines, transmission, electrical systems, computers, and hydraulics; Care and use of hand and power tools employed in all phases of heavy equipment mechanical maintenance and repair work; Ability to make skillful, controlled manipulations of small objects to repair equipments; and Ability to read, understand, and carry out oral and written instructions.

Flexible and have the capacity to learn new skills quickly; and Physically fit (i.e. can move heavy objects; bend or stoop repeatedly over time; lift arms above shoulder level).
Heavy Equipment Operator

Salary/Compensation Locally, a heavy equipment operator receives a monthly salary of P12,000 - P20,000 depending on the industry they belong. In the US, heavy equipment operators may receive a monthly salary of $3,500 to $6,000, again depending on the industry. In other foreign countries, pay and benefits are definitely higher than local rates. Basic Educational Requirement There is no specific educational requirement for heavy equipment operators. However, most employers prefer to hire high school graduates. However, specialized training in heavy equipment operations and maintenance are very essential to heavy equipment operators. Cost of Education/Training * The training cost for heavy equipment operator approximately ranges from P7,000 P10,000 and training duration is about 3 months. There are also instances that training for heavy equipment operators are conducted in-house, since employers have the basic equipment. Employment Opportunities Heavy Equipment Operators work in many different fields. They are often seen on the construction site or in a mining area, but they can also find employment dredging waterways and canals, working on paving projects, excavating rock, loading and unloading cargo or in major assembly lines for massive items. Typical employers of heavy equipment operators are the following: Municipal Government Highway and Heavy Construction firms Manufacturers of Primary Steel Products Mining Companies Logging Companies Construction Site Maintenance firms Quarry Companies There are also various opportunities for overseas employment with job openings to come from Australia, Canada, and the Middle East. Heavy Equipment Operators may be employed in the following industries: Mining and Quarrying; Manufacturing; Construction; Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods; and Transport, Storage and Communication.

Prospects for Career Advancement Most heavy equipment operators start their career in a particular type of equipment such as bulldozers, backhoes, graders, cranes, etc. However, through experience and advance training, these operators become familiarized and are able to operate all types of heavy equipment machineries. Some operators become supervisors and others become trainers of the less skilled heavy equipment operators. Nature of Work A Heavy Equipment Operator operates heavy equipment such as backhoes, loaders, graders, dozers and excavators used in construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, airports, gas and oil pipelines, tunnels, buildings and other structures as well as surface mining and quarrying activities. Tasks

Shapes streets shoulders and ditchers by operating a heavy equipment like the motor grader or roller; Maintains the road by using the bulldozer; Dredges waterways, canals by using backhoes; Works on paving projects; Excavates rocks; Loads and unloads cargo or major assembly lines for massive items; Lubricates equipment components and attachments; and Maintains equipment log sheets and reports.

Can operate a variety of heavy equipment safely via hand signals, radio communication and using occupant safety devices; Can perform pre-operational checks of equipment as well as basic maintenance on track or rubber tire undercarriage, buckets and attachments; Knowledgeable site planning and set up; Ability to acquire and use the knowledge of earthmoving fundamentals (soil characteristics, ground conditions, map reading).

Ability to continuously learn about new techniques/equipment in order to operate safely while maintaining productivity; Physically and mentally fit; and Good attention to detail.
Horticulturist
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a horticulturists entry level salary ranges from P12,000 - P17,000 per month and may even go up P20,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. & Canada, the annual average salary range for an horticulturist is $2,300 - $3,800 per month. Basic Educational Requirement To be a Horticulturist, one must have a bachelors degree in Horticulture or in Botanical Research. Afterwards, he/she then specializes in an area of study through experience or a masters degree. Cost of Education * A horticulturists course may range approximately from P18,000 - P23,000 per semester in private technical schools and about P7,000 to P15,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Horticulturists can be employed in a research and development company, retail garden centers, or work as a consultant and maintenance crew for botanical and horticultural gardens. They can work in the following industries: Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry, Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security and Education. Prospects for Career Advancement A Horticulturists opportunity for advancement depends on the trainings and further studies he/she has completed. A Horticulturist can move up to supervisory positions or open their own maintenance business, nursery or import /export company. He/She can also train to become landscape architects and landscape architectural technicians. Nature of Work Horticulturists know everything there is to know about plants. From ferns to flowers, tomato plants to trees, these trained experts know about it all. They can grow it, heal it, transplant it, and analyze it in a lab, all in the name of beauty and environmental health. Tasks
Conducts plant analyses and experiments;
Runs a nursery; Nurtures plants to be used in landscaping; Maintains plants in nurseries, indoor gardens, or outside by watering, pruning, fertilizing and digging; Analyzes soil, leaves, flowers and trunks for signs of disease; and Keeps detailed reports about jobs and/or plant progress.

Love of plants and gardening as well as interest in conservation; Must have an artistic flair and a creative outlook; Good communicator who can work well alone and as part of a team; and A head for math, and good customer service skills are important especially for those who want to run their own business.

Physically fit; Must be patient; Can apply their scientific knowledge to a variety of work environments; Dedicated to work; and Always find ways to bring plants to people for beauty and health.
Hosts and Hostesses

Salary/Compensation Workers in the hotel and restaurant industry receive an average daily basic pay of P404. Included in this pay scale are entry level skills in the restaurant and bar subsector which consists, among others, of Hosts and Hostesses and other food and beverage service workers. The basic pay excludes allowances, bonuses, overtime pay and other benefits or incentives such as customers tips. Basic Educational Requirement A high school diploma is required to become a Host or Hostess, and may require some customer service training or job-related course work. In some cases, employers may require one or two years of experience in the same job. Cost of Education * There is no specific educational requirement to become Hosts and Hostesses. However, employers often prefer applicants with a high school diploma. High school education would normally range from P25,000 - P40,000 per year in private universities and about P3,000 to P5,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Job openings for Hosts and Hostesses are expected to grow because of the increasing number of restaurants and other food and beverage-serving establishments being put up in response to a rising population who love to dine outside. Hosts and Hostesses can work in the following industries: Wholesale and Retail Trade, Hotels and Restaurants,and Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities and, Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement For workers in small-sized food serving establishments, advancement is usually limited to finding a job in a busier or more expensive restaurant where prospects for tip earnings are better. In larger-sized restaurants, Hosts and Hostesses with professional experience and with formal training may rise up to the rank of dining room supervisor, assistant head waiter, head waiter, assistant restaurant manager, or restaurant general manager. Nature of Work Hosts and Hostesses are categorized under the food and beverage serving and related workers. They are the front line of customer service in restaurants, coffee shops, and
other food service establishments. These workers greet customers, escort them to seats and hand them menus, take food and drink orders, and serve food and beverages. They also answer questions, explain menu items and specials, and keep tables and dining areas clean and set for new diners. Most work as part of a team, helping coworkers to improve workflow and customer service. Tasks

Assign patrons to tables suitable for their needs; Greet guests and seat them at tables or in waiting areas; Inform patrons of establishment specialties and features; Inspect dining and serving areas to ensure cleanliness and proper setup; Maintain contact with kitchen staff, management, serving staff, and customers to ensure that dining details and customers' concerns are properly handled/addressed; Provide guests with menus; and Receive and record patrons' dining reservations.

A good memory to avoid confusing customers orders and to recall faces, names, and preferences of frequent patrons; Knowledgeable in operating computers which they may use in placing orders and generating customers bills; Need to be quick at arithmetic especially in cases where they may have to total bills manually; and Knowledge of a foreign language is also helpful since Hosts and Hostesses have to communicate with diverse clients.

Must be able to communicate well with people; Must be tactful and courteous at all times; Must be neat, tidy and smartly dressed; Must possess a good service attitude; and Must have good physical health as they spend most of their working hours on their feet.
Hotel Resevations Officer

Salary/Compensation The monthly salary of Hotel Reservation Officers range from P11,000 for starters to P19,000 for those with experience and training. Basic Educational Requirement A Bachelors degree, preferably in Tourism or Hospitality Management is required. Cost of Education * A degree in BS Tourism costs around P24,000 to P47,000 per semester in recognized institutions and between P10,000 to P15,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities The growth in tourism-related services will provide various employment opportunities for the hospitality segment of the tourism sector. Included in this segment are front office personnel specifically taking charge of hotel reservations. Opportunities for overseas employment are also available given the increasing demand for tourism skills. The Asia-Pacific, the Middle East and the USA are major overseas destinations. Hotel Reservation Officers can work in the following industries: Hotels and Restaurants, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities and, Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Hotel Reservation Officers may be promoted to the next career or the job level as middle managers or specialists after acquiring the required work experience as well as the core competency requirements of the higher position. Aside from technical skills, one must have the ability to manage organizational operations. Middle Managers can move further to a Chief Executive position if they have already acquired the demonstrated ability to lead large organizations and have tested competencies in finance, marketing, logistics, and people management. Nature of Work A Hotel Reservations Officer obtains necessary reservations for guest and clients; they make and confirm reservations for accommodation in hotels and other lodging places.
Tasks

Answers inquiries regarding such information as accommodations, procedures, and policies ; Confers with customers to determine their service requirements; Contacts customers to confirm reservations; Plans accommodation details; Prepares customer invoices; Provides customers with travel suggestions and information such as guides, directories, brochures, and maps ; Gathers and compile visitor statistics; and Obtains current advertising literature from travel operators.

Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services; Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, and other office procedures and terminology; Knowledge of circuit boards, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including application and programming; Excellent communication skills, both oral and written; and Ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.

Active initiative; Customer service-minded; Highly organized and have an eye for details; Patient and responsive to clients needs; and Dependable.
Human Resource Assistant

Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a Human Resource Assistant entry level salary ranges from P10,000 P13,000 per month and may even go up to P15,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. & Canada, the annual average salary for a human resource assistant is $33,000 or $2,760 per month. Basic Educational Requirement Human Resource Assistant positions require any four-year course, and one to three months related experience and/or training. Any equivalent combination of education and experience is an advantage. Cost of Education * There is no specific educational requirement to be a Human Resource Assistant. However, employers often prefer applicants with a bachelors degree particularly in Psychology or Behavioral Science. A four-year course would normally range from P25,000 - P45,000 per semester in private universities and about P10,000 to P15,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities When a Human Resource Assistant has undergone and completed several trainings, he/she can develop a career as a generalist, or specialize in areas like people resourcing, learning and development or employee relations. Classically, his/her career path will go from junior to senior assistant to officer to manager to director. Human Resource Assistants can work in the following industries: Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas and Water Supply, Construction, Wholesale and Retail Trade, Hotels and Restaurants, Transport, Storage and Communication, Financial Intermediation, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security, Education, Health and Social Work, and, Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement With additional training, education, or experience, Human Resource Assistants can advance to other positions in human resource departments. They may become personnel schedulers and human resource specialists. Some may move into supervisory positions. Human Resource Assistants may choose to move into other clerical positions, such as credit clerk or charge account clerk.
Nature of Work Human Resource Assistants assist human resources managers or administrators. They provide clerical and technical support in such areas as recruiting, hiring, compensation, and benefits. These assistants gather information on employees training, skills, wages, promotions, and general work history. They record this information by hand or on a word processor. Then they use the data to update personnel files. Human Resources Assistants maintain these files and search them for information requested by current and prospective employers and even credit agencies. They also prepare employee reports for managers in the organization. Tasks

Administers and scores applicant and employee aptitude, personality, and interest assessment instruments; Arranges for advertising or posting of job vacancies, and notifies eligible workers of position availability; Arranges for in-house and external training activities; and Explains company personnel policies, benefits, and procedures to employees or job applicants.

Enjoy working with people; Have problem solving skills; Must have good commercial awareness; and Must have good spoken and written communication skills.

Respect the importance of confidentiality, as they will be dealing with employees personal details; Able to work accurately, with good attention to detail; Must be patient, tactful, diplomatic and approachable; Dedication to work; Must have the ability to stay calm in difficult situations.
HVAC Technician
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning) Technicians entry level salary ranges from P12,000 - P22,000 per month. In the U.S., the average salary per month for an HVAC technician is $2,852. Basic Educational Requirement An individual may become a HVAC Technician through study at trade and technical schools, as well as some vocational colleges. Programs generally take two years to complete, and may also include an apprenticeship with a certified HVAC provider. Generally, an apprenticeship may last from two to four years, and may be conducted concurrently with the formal education process. Upon completion of the formal study, additional testing is administered before certification is awarded. Cost of Training * The training cost for HVAC Technicians approximately P16,000 for 48 hours. Employment Opportunities Technicians may work for large or small contracting companies or directly for a manufacturer or wholesaler. Those working for smaller operations tend to do both installation and refrigeration equipment. HVAC technicians can work in the following industries: Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas and Water Supply, Construction, Wholesale and Retail Trade, Hotels and Restaurants, Transport, Storage and Communication, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, and, Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities Prospects for Career Advancement Advancement in this career usually takes the form of increased compensation. Apprentice HVAC technicians normally receive half the compensation of their experienced counterparts. Tenured HVAC technicians may become crew managers, service managers or move into sales or marketing. Nature of Work A HVAC Technician is a professional that labors in the field of heating, ventilation, air conditioning service and support. Essentially, the HVAC Technician will be associated with either the installation process for HVAC systems, or focus on the repair and maintenance of systems that are already in place. The HVAC Technician may work as
an independent contractor or be employed by a company that specializes in climate control solutions for businesses and residential properties. Tasks
Responsible for making sure the installation is conducted in compliance with local regulations, and that the unit will provide efficient heating and air conditioning for the space Maintains and inspects the ductwork installation; Makes use of acceptable practices, methods, and tools used in installing, maintaining and repairing airconditio-ning and related air handling equipment of large tonnage; Troubleshoots/repairs on equipment such as leaks, defects, condensers, compressors and HVAC units; and Keeps records and maintains operating file on machine information as needed for proper service and maintenance

Knowledgeable in the basic principles of heating and ventilation systems; Knowledgeable in the basic parameters of airconditioning systems such as suction superheat, sub cooling, discharge superheat, pressure ratio and approach; Basic understanding of microelectronics; and Proficient in reading blueprints.

Physically Fit Able to work well with others; Detail oriented; and Patient and result oriented.
Industrial Engineer
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, an Industrial Engineers entry level salary ranges from P12,000P15,000 per month and may even go up to P20,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the annual average salary for an Industrial Engineer is $90,080 or $6,259 per month. Basic Educational Requirement A B.S. in Industrial Engineer (B.S.I.E.) is required to become an Industrial Engineer. In some cases, a master's degree would be required for a higher position as in department head or in management level. Currently, Industrial Engineering is not a regulated course and does not require a licensure from Philippine Regulation Commission (PRC) in practicing the said profession. Cost of Education * A four-year course in B.S. in Industrial Engineering (BSIE) would normally cost around P30,000 to P40,000 per semester in private schools and universities. However, in public educational institutions that offer the same discipline, tuition fee would cost about 20%-40% less . Employment Opportunities Majority of Industrial Engineers are employed in the Manufacturing industry. Related jobs are found in almost all businesses, including aviation, aerospace, transportation, communications, electric, gas and sanitary services, government, finance, insurance, real estate, wholesale and retail trade, construction, mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing. Also, many work as independent consultants. Industrial Engineers can work in the following industries: Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas and Water Supply, Construction, Transport, Storage and Communication, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security, and Education. Prospects for Career Advancement Industrial Engineers may advance to become technical specialists or to supervise a staff or team of engineers and technicians. Some may eventually become engineering managers or enter other managerial or sales jobs. Many Industrial Engineers move into management positions because the work is closely related to that of a managers.
Nature of Work An Industrial Engineer designs, develops, tests, and evaluates integrated systems for managing industrial production processes including human work factors, quality control, inventory control, logistics and material flow, cost analysis, and production coordination Tasks Analyzes statistical data and product specifications to determine standards and establish quality and reliability objectives of a finished product.; Applies statistical methods and performs mathematical calculations to determine manufacturing processes, staff requirements, and production standards; Coordinates quality control objectives and activities to resolve production problems, maximize product reliability, and minimize cost; Develops manufacturing methods, labor utilization standards, and cost analysis systems to promote efficient staff and facility utilization; Directs workers engaged in product measurement, inspection, and testing activities to ensure quality control and reliability; Drafts and designs layout of equipment, materials, and workspace to illustrate maximum efficiency using drafting tools and computer; Estimates production cost and effect of product design changes for management review, action, and control; Evaluates precision and accuracy of production and testing equipment and engineering drawings to formulate corrective action plan; and Regulates and alters workflow schedules according to established manufacturing sequences and lead times to expedite production operations. Skills and Competencies Creative, inquisitive, analytical and detail oriented; Have a good aptitude in math, and physical science; Ability to increase production through management of people; Knowledgeable in various methods of business organization and technology; and Ability to develop management control systems to aid in financial planning and cost analysis, and design production planning and control systems to coordinate activities and ensure product quality. Physical Attributes and Characteristics Ability to work as part of a team; Can communicate well both orally and in writing; Capable of independently developing production design, solving problems and making sound decision on management and control. * Based on 2011 rates.
Interior Designer
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, an Interior Designers fee per project or design ranges from P20,000 - P50,000 and may even go up to P100,000, depending on the complexity and intricateness of the project or design. Overseas employment, such as in Singapore and Canada, the entry level salary for an Interior Designer is $2,416 a month. Basic Educational Requirement The basic educational requirement is a bachelors degree in Interior Design. Practice of profession requires passing the board exam for interior designers given by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). Cost of Education * A four year course in B.S. in Interior Design normally costs around P35,000 to P45,000 per semester in private schools and universities. However, in public educational institutions that offer the same discipline, tuition fee would cost about 20%-40% less. Employment Opportunities Interior Designers are in-demand in the Middle East, US and Europe because of the rise in construction and design activities in said countries. These countries have high regard to Interior Designers as well as Architects and Engineers. Interior Designers can work in the following industries: Construction, Hotels and Restaurants, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, Education and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Entry level Interior Designers can be promoted as the Senior Designer or the Project Coordinator, depending on the performance and experience. Nature of Work An Interior Designer plans interior spaces of almost every type of building, including offices, airport terminals, theaters, shopping malls, restaurants, hotels, schools, hospitals, and private residences. Good design can boost office productivity, increase sales, attract a more affluent clientele, provide a more relaxing hospital stay, or increase a building's market value.
Tasks

Makes and conceptualizes ideas for customers based on their request; Estimates material requirements and the costs of production; Makes presentations proposals for clients; Meets with clients to determine factors affecting planning interior environments, such as budget, architectural preferences, and purpose and function; Advises clients about the choices of colors, furniture, layouts, space planning and other factors on design; Selects or designs, and purchases furnishings, art works, and accessories; Makes arrangement of carpeting, fixtures, accessories, draperies, paint and wall coverings, art work, furniture, and related items; Renders design ideas in form of paste-ups or drawings; and Works on a team with Engineers and Architects.
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models; Must have knowledge in construction; Must have knowledge in mathematics, measuring alignments, square meters etc; Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing spaces for the effective manufacture and distribution of goods; and Must have the ability to make good proposals for the client.

Must have good taste in choosing aesthetics, colors, furniture and other important details in interior designing; Have wide knowledge in designs, from modern to different era. Knowledge on world arts; Know how to handle pressure and can meet deadlines; and Must have good communication skill.
Machinist
Salary/Compensation A Machinists entry level salary ranges from P15,000 - P20,000 per month and may even go up to P30,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. In U.S. & Canada, the annual average salary for a Machinist is $56,247 or $4,687 per month. Basic Educational Requirement There are many different ways to become a skilled machinist. Many entrants previously have worked as machine setters, operators, or tenders. In high school, students should take math courses, especially trigonometry and geometry and, if available, courses in blueprint reading, metalworking, and drafting. Some advanced positions, such as those in the aircraft manufacturing industry, require the use of advanced applied calculus and physics. Due to the increasing use of computer controlled machinery, basic computer skills are needed before entering a training program. After high school, some machinists learn entirely on the job, but most acquire their skills in a mix of classroom and on-the-job training. Formal apprenticeship programs, typically sponsored by government or manufacturer, are an excellent way to learn the job of machinist. Cost of Training * The training cost for a machinist ranges approximately from P35,000 - P40,000 in private technical schools and about P10,000 to P15,000 in public institutions. However, in the Philippines, the knowledge and skills requirements of a prospective machinist is acquired mainly thru in-house training and on-the-job training. Only few training institutions have the capability of acquiring the training equipment because of its high cost. Employment Opportunities The manufacturing industry employs almost all of machinists. Employment is concentrated in metal manufacturing and fabrication , manufacturing of plastic products and transportation equipment, mostly aerospace and automobile parts. Machinists can work in the following industries: Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas and Water Supply, Construction, Wholesale and Retail Trade, and, Transport, Storage and Communication. Prospects for Career Advancement Machinists can advance in several ways. Experienced machinists may become CNC programmers, tool and die makers, or mold makers, or be promoted to supervisory or administrative positions in their firms. A few open their own machine shops.
Nature of Work A Machinist sets up and operates tools to cut, shape and form metal stock and castings to exact sizes, using detailed drawings, CAD systems and specifications. He/She fixes machine metal components from single to complex forms, and makes machines and equipments that are used to produce goods such as food, clothes, steel products and cars. Tasks

Examines detailed drawings or specifications to find out job, material and equipment requirements; Sets up and adjusts machines and equipment; Operates machines to produce parts or tools by turning, boring, milling, planning, shaping, slotting, grinding or drilling metal stock or components; Fits and assembles parts, tools or sub-assemblies, including welding or brazing parts; Dismantles faulty tools and assemblies and repairs or replaces defective parts; Cuts, threads, bends and installs hydraulic and pneumatic pipes and lines; Sets up and/or operates hand and machine tools, welding equipment or Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machines; and Checks accuracy and quality of finished parts, tools or sub-assemblies.

Must have a knowledge of the working properties of metals; Good aptitude in mathematics, physics and chemistry; Strong communication and analytical skills; and Must have basic knowledge of computers and electronics, and experience with machine tools.

Must be physically fit; Enjoy technical work; Good hand-eye coordination; Ability to pay attention to detail.
Mason
Salary/Compensation A mason's entry level salary ranges from P8,000 - P10,000 per month and may even go up to P13,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. In the Middle East, where a large number of OFWs are employed, the monthly salary for a Mason ranges from US$700 to $900. Basic Educational Requirement Masons get their education and training in various ways - in apprenticeship programs, informally on the job, and in tech/voc training institutions. In general, the more skills needed for the job, the more education and training are needed to qualify. Many entrants of this type of occupation have basic knowledge of masonry. However, most employers prefer to hire high school graduates and those who have undergone apprenticeship program and training under the supervision of TESDA and its accredited training schools. Cost of Training * The training cost for a Mason approximately ranges from P5,000 - P8,000 in technical and vocational institutions. Employment Opportunities The demand for masons will be driven by construction and maintenance activities for places having building and repair of walls, arches, sewer, and other structures. Masons may be employed in the following industries: Mining and Quarrying, Construction, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities Prospects for Career Advancement Career advancement is dependent on pursuing additional training. Some Masons become supervisors for masonry contractors, others go into business themselves and eventually become owners of businesses employing many workers and may spend most of their time as managers rather than as masons. Others move into closely related areas such as construction management and building inspection. Nature of Work A Mason lays and binds building materials, such as brick, structural tile, concrete block, cinder block, glass block, and terra-cotta block, with mortar and other substances to construct or repair walls, arches, sewers, and other structures.
Tasks

Prepares site or surfaces for concrete or masonry work; Reads blueprints, and technical drawings; Builds or repairs structures in construction, or manufacturing setting; Applies grouting or other masonry adhesives; and Lays or installs brick, block, stone, tile, or related masonry material.
Skills and Competencies Ability to read and interpret blueprints and specifications; Good mechanical aptitude; Ability to use various hand or power tools used for measuring and extraction work; Ability to read and understand complex instructions; and Ability to do careful and exacting work; Close attention to details. Physical Attributes and Characteristics Physically fit; Manual dexterity; Can work under pressure with less supervision; and Able to assess future problem with the construction. * Based on 2011 rates.
Massage Therapist
Salary/Compensation Massage Therapists employed in spa and other establishments catering to health and wellness get an average basic salary of P10,000 per month. On the other hand, selfemployed Massage Therapists who are highly experienced and with a large client base have higher earnings since they can command higher fees from their clients. Basic Educational Requirement At least a high school graduate with appropriate training from local or international training institutions and/or associations duly recognized by the proper authorities is the requirement to be a Massage Therapist. Licensure from the Department of Health is also required to practice massage therapy. To qualify for licensure, the person must meet the following basic requirements: (1) at least 18 years of age or has received a high school diploma or graduate equivalency diploma; (2) has completed a course of study at a recognized massage school or has completed an apprenticeship program that meets standards approved by the Board of Massage Therapy; and (3) has received a passing grade on an examination administered by the Department of Health. Cost of Training * Centre de Sante International Wellness Institute, Inc. offers training for Basic and Advance Massage Therapy Courses. Basic Massage courses are Massage Therapy Course for Beginners, Reflexology Therapy, Deep Tissue Massage, and Shiatsu Therapy Course and will cost P3,000 each for 3 days; while the Advance Massage Therapy Courses are Swedish Massage, Reflexology , Deep Tissue Massage and Shiatsu Therapy Course that cost around P4,000 - P4,500 for 1 week. Employment Opportunities Wage employment for Massage Therapists can be found in spa; salons; offices of physicians and chiropractors; fitness and recreational sports centers; and hotels. Therapists who have completed formal training programs and have passed the licensure exam are likely to have very good job opportunities. The increase in the demand for Massage Therapists is expected to be sustained as more people learn about the benefits of massage therapy. Likewise , increased interest in alternative medicine and holistic healing will provide jobs for those skilled in massage therapy. Massage therapys growing acceptance among medical practitioners will greatly increase employment opportunities as well. Massage Therapists may work in the following industries: Health and Social Work, Hotels and Restaurants and, Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities.
Prospects for Career Advancement Highly-experienced Massage Therapists working in spa establishments can be promoted to a supervisory or managerial position after they have demonstrated the skill and competency requirements of the position. Those with entrepreneurial skills may go into their own business as owners of spa establishments. As entrepreneurs, they have the opportunity to expand their client base and increase client fee which means higher earnings and income. Nature of Work A Massage Therapist is a licensed certified therapist who had undergone extensive training regarding anatomy, physiology, and multitude of massage techniques. They manually manipulate soft tissues and muscles to increase the health and wellness of their clients. Tasks

Evaluates a patient to determine what treatment is required; Manually manipulates muscles and soft tissues to relieve pain and stress; Uses appropriate oils and lotion, hot compresses or vibratory devices as needed to aid the massage technique; Consults with other healthcare workers as needed to create a plan of care; Records the treatments given and pro-vide assessments of the patients progress; and Maintains a calm and soothing environment that enables the patient to relax.
Skills and Competencies Knowledgeable about anatomy and how the body functions; Skilled in various massage techniques; and Strong communication skills. Physical Attributes and Characteristics Healthy and physically fit; Able to stand for long periods; Strong arms and hands; Able to inspire and motivate patients; Interested in the health and well-being of others; Have a calm and reassuring manner in addressing patients problem; and Friendly, emphatic personality. * Based on 2011 rates.
Mechanical Engineer
Salary/Compensation Locally, the monthly basic salary of a mechanical engineer costs around P14,500 P48,600 per month. In the U.S., Mechanical Engineers receive an average salary of $5,142. Basic Educational Requirement A five-year course leading to a bachelors degree in Mechanical Engineering is the minimum requirement. A graduate must also pass the licensure examination given by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). Graduate degrees are available and may be taken for advanced jobs, and are usually required for college teaching. Cost of Education * In a public university, a course in Mechanical Engineering is approximately P3,500 per semester or a total of P35,000 for the entire five-year course. In a private institution the total cost may range between P30,000 - P40,000 per semester. Employment Opportunities Mechanical Engineering is one of the broadest engineering disciplines. Mechanical Engineers may be employed in the following industries: Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas and Water Supply, Construction, Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods, Transport, Storage and Communication and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement A Mechanical Engineer who has undergone apprenticeship training through different activities in a power company have the opportunity to assume a supervisory or managerial position. Those who dont have the inclination to be managers follow a parallel career by becoming experts or specialists in the long run. Nature of Work Mechanical Engineers deal with the production and use of mechanical power. They design, operate and use all kinds of machines and machine tools. They likewise design and build engines that produce power from steam, gasoline and other sources which they try to develop to augment the sources of power.
Tasks

Designs products and systems to meet process requirements, applying knowledge of engineering principles; Specifies system components or directs modification of products to ensure conformance with engineering design and performance specification; Oversees installation to ensure machines and equipment are installed and functioning according to specification; Coordinates building fabrication, and installation of product design and operation, maintenance, and repair activities to utilize machines and equipment; Inspects, evaluates, and arranges field installation and recommends design modifications to eliminate machine or system malfunctions; Investigates equipment failures and difficulties, diagnoses faulty operations and makes recommendation to maintenance crew; Alters or modifies design to obtain specified functional and operational performance; Conducts experiments to test and analyze existing design and equipment to obtain data on performance of product, and prepares reports; Assists drafter in developing structural design of product, using drafting tools or computer-assisted design/drafting equipment and software; Tests ability of machines to perform tasks; Selects or design tools to meet specification, using manuals, drafting tools, computer and specialized software programs; Develops models of alternate processing methods to test feasibility or new applications of system components, and recommends implementation of procedures; Confers with establishment personnel and engineers to implement operating procedures and resolve system malfunction, and to provide technical information; and Plans and directs engineering personnel in fabrication of test control apparatus and equipment and develops procedures for testing products.

Strong numerical skills; Reading and oral comprehension; Analytical skills; Deductive reasoning; Technology design; Computer literate; and Solid understanding of key concepts including mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics and energy.

Creative; Flexible; Curious; Detail-oriented; and Able to work as part of a team.
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technician

Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a medical and clinical laboratory technicians entry level salary ranges from P11,000 - P15,000 per month and may even go up to P20,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the annual average salary for a medical and clinical laboratory technician is $36,030 or $3,002 per month. Basic Educational Requirement To be a Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technician, a bachelor's degree with a major in medical technology is required, and a professional recognition through licensure by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) is also required before practicing the said profession. Cost of Education * A bachelors course on medical technology normally ranges from P40,000 to P60,000 per semester in private schools and universities. However, in public educational institutions that offer the same discipline, tuition fee would cost about 20%-40% less. Employment Opportunities Hospitals are expected to continue to be the major employer of Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians. Moreover, employment is expected to grow faster in medical and diagnostic laboratories, offices of physicians, and all other ambulatory health care services. Although significant, job growth will not be the only source of opportunities; as in most occupations, many openings will result from the need to replace workers who transfer to other occupations, retire, or stop working for some other reason. Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians may be employed in the following industries: Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security, Education, and Health and Social Work. Prospects for Career Advancement Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians may advance thru further study and education to supervisory positions in laboratory work or may become Chief Medical or Clinical Laboratory Technologists or Laboratory Managers in hospitals. A doctorate is needed to become a Laboratory Director.
Nature of Work A Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technician performs routine medical laboratory tests for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. He/She usually works under the supervision of a Medical Technologist. Tasks

Analyzes and records test data to issue reports that use charts, graphs and narratives; Analyzes the results of tests and experiments to ensure conformity to specifications, using special mechanical and electrical devices; Collects blood or tissue samples from patients by applying principles of asepsis to obtain blood sample; Conducts blood tests for transfusion purposes and performs blood counts; Conducts chemical analyses of body fluids, such as blood and urine, using microscope or automatic analyzer to detect abnormalities or diseases, and enters findings into computer; Consults with a pathologist to determine a final diagnosis when abnormal cells are found; Examines cells stained with dye to locate abnormalities; Inoculates fertilized eggs, broths, or other bacteriological media with organisms; Obtains specimens by cultivating, isolating and identifying microorganisms for analysis; Performs medical research to further control and cure disease; Prepares vaccines and serums by standard laboratory methods, testing for virus inactivity and sterility;and Prepares standard volumetric solutions and reagents to be combined with samples, following standardized formulas or experimental procedures.

Knowledgeable in all of the laboratory procedures in areas such as clinical chemistry, microbiology, hematology, serology and urinalysis; Ability to use a wide array of intricate precision instrument for analysis, such as microscopes, automatic analyzers, electronic counters, spectrophometers and other sophisticated laboratory equipments;and Must have good visual memory and analytical judgment.
Must have a desire to serve people coupled with a willingness to work quietly behind the scene;
Must be accurate, reliable, have an interest in science and be able to recognize their responsibility for human lives; Close attention to details;and Ability to work under pressure.
Medical Representative
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a Medical Representatives entry level salary ranges from P10,000 P15,000 per month and may even go up to P20,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the average annual salary for a medical representative is $66,652 or $5,554 per month. Basic Educational Requirement Any educational background is acceptable but preference is given to graduates of courses in Medical and Allied Sciences. For those non-graduates of Medical Allied Sciences, a short term in-house training is arranged. Cost of Education * A bachelors degree in any four-year business course and Medical Allied Sciences normally ranges from P30,000 to P60,000 per semester in private schools and universities. However, in public educational institutions that offer the same discipline, tuition fee would cost about 20%-40% less. Employment Opportunities Employment for Medical Representatives remains secure and stable. Locally, Medical Representatives are hired via pharmaceutical companies and in BPOs that cater in medical services. Online Medical Representatives are in demand nowadays locally with above minimum salary. Canada and USA and other countries that have an evolving Medical Care Unit also offer good salary for successful Medical Representative applicants. Medical Representatives may likewise be employed in the following industries: Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, and Health and Social Work. Prospects for Career Advancement A Medical Representative can be promoted as Sales Executive or Sales Manager in the long run of hard work and commitment. Nature of Work A Medical Representative serves as a link between the pharmaceutical company and prospect clients like hospitals and community centers. They sell different kinds of medicines, topical treatments and medical equipments.
Tasks

Visits prospective clients to present and make negotiations about the featured product; Sells and gives samples to prospective clients; Informs clients about the products price, warranty, nutritional value, side effects, and other important information; Makes a routine visit to different hospitals and community centers to present the products; Makes presentations to clients; Advises customers on the suitable medicines or equipments; Arranges orders and product reservations; Makes presentations to clients; and Makes negotiations with the pharmaceutical company about the price and demand of the customers.

Must have wide knowledge in pharmaceutical; Knowledge in basic medicinal treatments and apparatus; Adept in medical terminologies and its meaning; Must have knowledge in basic marketing strategies; and Can make good presentations.

Must have good communications skills; Must have the ability to sell and persuade people; Willing to go and be assigned in far places; With pleasing personality.
Medical Secretary
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a medical secretarys entry level salary ranges from P8,000 P15,000 per month and may even go up to P18,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the annual average salary for a medical secretary is $42,340 or $3,528 per month. Basic Educational Requirement Usually, a high school diploma is required to become a medical secretary and may require some basic secretarial training or job-related course work. In some cases, an associate's or bachelor's degree could be needed. Cost of Education * There is no specific educational requirement to be a medical secretary. However, employers often prefer applicants with a high school diploma particularly if one is applying in a health institution. High school education would normally range from P25,000 - P40,000 per year in private universities and about P3,000 to P5,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Medical secretaries work under the supervision of professional doctors and physicians who have put up their own clinic or who work in private or public health institutions. Most medical secretaries pursue a course in a related discipline to have a distinct advantage in the job market. Medical secretaries may be employed in the following industries: Public Adminstration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security, Health and Social Work, and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Without further education, advancement opportunities are limited. Some medical secretaries become executive secretaries, or office manager. Others go back to school to become medical transcriptionist or pursue a course they chose. For many, this entry-level occupation provides basic training and experience and serves as a steppingstone to more highly skilled and higher paying jobs. Nature of Work A Medical Secretary performs secretarial duties utilizing specific knowledge of medical terminology and hospital, clinic, or laboratory procedures. Duties include scheduling
appointments, billing patients, and compiling and recording medical charts, reports, and correspondences. Tasks

Answers telephones and directs calls to appropriate staff; Arranges hospital admissions for patients; Compiles and records medical charts, reports, and correspondence, using typewriter or personal computer; Completes insurance and other claim forms; Interviews patients to complete documents, such as case histories, and insurance forms; Maintains medical records, technical library and correspondence files; Operates office equipment such as voice mail messaging systems, and uses word processing, spreadsheet, and other software applications to prepare reports, invoices, financial statements, letters, case histories and medical records; and Schedules and confirms patient diagnostic appointments, surgeries and medical consultations.

Knowledgeable in interviewing procedures; Good oral and written communication techniques; Have a good customer service and interpersonal skills; Extensive knowledge on software applications such as, word processing, spreadsheets, and database management;and Discretion, good judgment, organizational or management ability, initiative, and the ability to work independently.

He/She must be reliable; Can work well with others; Has a sense of confidentiality of medical records; Have a keen interest in helping others;and Good looking, presentable, and with pleasing personality.
Medical Technologist
Salary/Compensation An entry-level Medical Technologist receives a salary range of P9,167 - P12,527 per month and it may go up to P15,555 for those who are well experienced. Basic Educational Requirement Medical Technologists require a bachelor s degree in Medical Technology and must pass the board exam conducted by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). The course of a Medical Technologist include general college courses with high emphasis in chemistry, biological sciences, mathematics and computer sciences plus all of the clinical courses that are practice areas for the profession which includes clinical chemistry, bacteriology, immunology, hematology, immunohema-tology, virology, parasitology, and mycology. Cost of Education * The cost of taking up a B.S. Medical Technology course ranges from P9,241 - P43,772 per semester. Employment Opportunities There is a steady demand for Medical Technologists locally and overseas. The following need Medical Technologists in their organization: hospital laboratories, clinics, health maintenance organizations, public health agencies, pharmaceutical firms, research institutions, scientific equipment companies, physicians offices, and schools offering clinical laboratory science programs. Prospects for Career Advancement An experienced Medical Technologist may advance to supervisory positions as Chief Medical Technologist or Laboratory Manager in large hospitals. Opportunities for faculty positions in medical laboratory science programs are open to those with postgraduate degrees and are interested in teaching. Nature of Work A Medical Technologist conducts medical laboratory tests, experiments and analyses to assist in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease. They are employed in medical laboratories in hospitals, private clinics, research institutions and universities.
Tasks

Conducts chemical analyses of blood, urine, stool, cerebro-spinal and other body fluids; Studies blood cells and other tissues to determine their relation to various physiological and pathological conditions; Prepares tissue sections for microscopic examinations using techniques to demonstrate special cellular tissue elements or other characteristics; Establishes procedures for the analysis of specimens for medical laboratory experiments; Performs blood group, type and compatibility tests for transfusion purposes; May supervise and train other medical labo-ratory technologists and other medical labo-ratory workers; May perform duties of a pathologist assistant in some hospitals.
Skills and Competencies A Medical Technologist must be knowledgeable in all of the laboratory procedures in areas such as clinical chemistry, microbiology, hematology, serology and urinalysis to help a physician identify a patients disease and evaluate effective treatment. He/She should be able to use a wide array of intricate precision equipment for analyses such as microscopes, automatic analyzers, electronic counters, spectrophotometers and other sophisticated laboratory equipment. Physical Attributes and Characteristics

Must have a desire to serve mankind coupled with a willingness to work quietly behind the scene; Must be accurate, reliable, have an interest in science and be able to recognize their responsibility for human lives; Good communication skills both oral and written.
Medical Transcriptionist
Salary/Compensation Medical Transcriptionists earn anywhere from P8,000 to P15,000 per month. It may exceed, depending on their hours of work, typing speed and type of employment. Basic Educational Requirement One must be a college degree holder and with additional training in Medical Transcription to be a Medical Transcriptionist. Cost of Education * Training in Medical Transcription may vary from Medical Graduates to Non-Medical Graduates. There are schools offering a training for medical graduates for 1 month. However, they need to pass the both the written and computerized examinations in able to enroll for that training which would cost approximately P16,000. Another training program is a 3-month period for those who are not qualified for the 1-month training period and it will cost around P15,750. For Non Medical Graduates, they need to have a 6-month period of training and it will cost P24,000. Some training schools offer one-month training for Medical Graduates for P20,000 and a 2.5 months training for P35,000 for Non Medical Graduates. Other schools have a Finishing Course of P4,000 in 2 months for Medical Graduates and P10,000 in 5 months for Non Medical Graduates. Both training programs should undergo OJT for 160 hours. Schools Offering Medical Transcription Courses
American Academy of Medical Transcription (AAMT) 1705 Centerpoint Bldg. Julia Vargas St. cor. Garnet Rd. Ortigas Center, Pasig City Tel. # (632)631-6370/634-4976 Asian College of Science and Technology (ACSAT) 1013 ACSAT Center Bldg., Aurora Blvd., Quezon City Tel. # (632)913-2604/912-3236/39 loc 217/218 ITMC Penthouse D, Columbiam Bldg., 160 West Avenue, Quezon City Tel No.: 416-2515
Employment Opportunities Medical Transcription will evolve and expand into a whole range of disciplines that include medical coding, medical billing, IT Support (supports electronic medical records to communicate across all healthcare system platforms) and claims processing.
This will be an entirely new industry called Healthcare Information Management Outsourcing. This demand for electronic healthcare opens huge career opportunities for nursing and allied medical professionals including the ones who graduated from Medical Transcription Training Course. Medical Transcriptionists may likewise be employed in the following industries: Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, Health and Social Work, and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement A Medical Transcriptionist with 2-3 years experience can qualify for the position of Editor after undergoing additional training in an Editor course. He/She must also possess supervisory, coaching and leadership skills. Nature of Work Medical Transcription deals with interpreting and electronic encoding of patient assessment, therapeutic procedures, medical history and treatment from hospitals and other medical institutions abroad. Tasks
Transforms dictated medical report clearly and accurately into written computerized records for purposes of reference, archives and legal proof of medical advice;and Transcribes, proofreads, and edits complex medical reports for a broad range of clinical specialties.

Must have medical knowledge on anatomy, physiology and pharmacology (i.e. drug names, dosages and usages); Familiar with medical terminologies; Proficient in writing (i.e. grammar, punctuation, spelling, sentence construction) and listening.
Physical Attributes and Characteristics Dependable, excellent attitude (i.e. flexible, patient, conscientious, resourceful, organized and disciplined). * Based on 2011 rates.
Merchandiser
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a Merchandisers entry level salary ranges from P9,000 - P12,000 per month and may even go up to P15,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the average monthly salary for a merchandiser in a hotel is $1,960. Basic Educational Requirement To be a Merchandiser, one must either be a graduate of any four-year business course or graduate of a short course in merchandising or any related field. Applicants who have at least 2-3 years experience in merchandising/retailing industry will surely have an advantage. Cost of Education * A four-year course in any business course would normally cost around P35,000 to P45,000 per semester in private schools and universities. However, in public educational institutions that offer the same discipline, tuition fee would cost about 20%-40% less. Employment Opportunities Experienced Merchandisers remains highly needed especially in the Middle East where in they patronize the ability of Filipinos when it comes to sales talk. United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia offers good compensation fee compared to other Middle Eastern countries. Merchandisers may be employed in the following industries: Manufacturing, Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods, and Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Promotion can be easily obtained for highly skilled Merchandisers. They can be promoted as Senior Merchandiser or Store Supervisor or Manager. Merchandisers can also put up their own merchandising/retailing business. Nature of Work A Merchandiser is responsible in the distribution of products in its designated store. Part of his/her job is to ensure that the products delivered has the right quantity, payments, and delivered in the right place.
Tasks

Communicates with retailers and buyers regarding the product, i.e. prices, quantity, warranty, etc; Ensures that the products are sent to its designated place; Checks the products before the delivering to its designated stores; Plans and gives price tags on each product depending on the quantity, sales, deals and demand; Makes time to time check on the stock products; Ensures the quality of the product, its status, appearance before sending to clients; Checks and analyzes the sales of the product;and Makes deals with buyers and prospective buyers.

Knowledge in merchandising and retailing industry; Must have knowledge in sales marketing; Ability to detect changes and damages in products;and Must be keen on details.

Must have the ability to convince; Ability to do sales talk and close deals with suppliers and buyers; Can communicate well with clients; Must have the ability to use the English command, both oral and written;and Must have good analytical skills.
Metallurgical Engineer
Salary/Compensation Locally, Metallurgical Engineers in the government service usually receive a monthly salary of P20,000- P 25,000 while those working in multi-national mining firms receive around P45,000 to P60,000 a month. Those working abroad get a monthly salary of $4,333 up to $8,000. Basic Educational Requirement A five-year BS in Metallurgical Engineering is the minimum educational requirement for a career in this field. Practice of profession requires a license from the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) which conducts board examinations for professionals. Cost of Education * The cost of a five-year bachelors degree in Metallurgical Engineering ranges from P 15,000 to P 25,000 per semester. Universities offering a Bachelors Degree in Metallurgical Engineering are: MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, UP Diliman, and University of Southeastern Philippines. Employment Opportunities Metallurgical Engineers may find employment in firms concerned with the manufacture and working of metals like foundries, producers of tinplate, iron and steel, and those who refine materials to turn them into jewelry or scientific instruments. Some industrial firms may have research laboratories which run routine metallurgical testing and analysis. Here in the Philippines, there are only about 300 registered metallurgical engineers. They work in mining companies, steel companies, semi-conductor companies, automobile manufacturing companies and many other firms under the metals engineering sector of the industry. Some work in research and development institutes of the government like the Industrial Technology Development Institute, the Metals Industry Research and Development of the Department of Science and Technology, and the Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau. Metallurgical engineers may be employed in the following industries: Mining and Quarrying, Electricity, Gas and Water Supply, and Construction. Prospects for Career Advancement Metallurgical Engineers with experience, additional training, and demonstrated ability to handle more responsibility are assigned with more difficult projects with greater independence. They may then get to solve problems and make decisions. They may become technical specialists, or may supervise a staff or team of engineers and technicians. Some may eventually become managers.
Nature of Work A Metallurgical Engineer extracts the desired metal from ores that have been dug up. He/She employs smelting, electrolysis, and distillation to process the ores. After extraction, ores are refined, purified and adapted for manufacture. Some metallurgical engineers concern themselves solely with processing the metals to determine such properties as strength, hardness or stiffness. Tasks

Applies physical and chemical methods to separate valuable minerals from their ores; Conducts studies of metals and alloys before and during processing to determine their properties; Supervises sampling from various stages of processing for laboratory analysis and testing; Examines metal processing techniques to make sure that quality is maintained and to improve processing or develop new methods; Investigates whether methods being used are the cheapest, most efficient and environmentally acceptable; Works out temperature adjustments, raw material mixtures and other processing variables to make metals; Supervises and coordinates the work of technicians and other workers; Advises operators on production methods and quality control systems; Investigates failure of components to identify the cause; and Prepares technical reports.

A good grasp of mathematics,chemistry and physics; Able to communicate well orally, in writing and graphically; Able to identify, analyze and solve problems; Practical and creative; Willing to adhere to the safety requirements of the operation; and Able to think and act decisively.

Above - average physical stamina is required for field work; Enjoy technical and engineering work; Able to work without supervision; and Able to accept responsibility.
Microbiologist
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a microbiologists entry level salary ranges from P20,000 - P35,000 per month and may even go up to P50,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the annual average salary for a microbiologist is $88,540 or $7,378 per month. Basic Educational Requirement To become a microbiologist, the minimum educational requirement is a masters degree, and the pre-requisite course is a bachelors degree in B.S. Biology. Other undergraduate degrees that may lead to being a microbiologist are the following biological sciences: Botany, Chemistry, Physiology, Zoology, Marine Biology, and Biotechnology. Cost of Education * An undergraduate course in biological sciences-related field normally ranges from P35,000 to P50,000 per semester and post graduate course in biological sciences will approximately cost P40,000 per semester in private colleges and universities. However, the tuition fee costs less by around 10% to 40% in public colleges and universities which offer the same discipline. Employment Opportunities Opportunities for those with a bachelor's or master's degree in microbiology are expected to be better. The number of science-related jobs in sales, marketing, and research and development management for which non-Ph. D. holders usually qualify is expected to exceed the number of independent research positions. Non-Ph.D. holders also may fill positions as science or engineering technicians or as medical health technologists and technicians. Microbiologists mostly work independently in private industries, universities, or government laboratories, often exploring new areas of research or expanding on specialized research started in graduate school. Nonetheless, microbiologists may be employed in the following industries: Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry, Fishing, Public Adminstration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security, and Health and Social Work. Prospects for Career Advancement A Ph. D. degree usually is necessary for independent research, industrial research, and college teaching, as well as for advancement to administrative positions. A master's degree is sufficient for some jobs in basic research, applied research or product development, management, or inspection; it also may qualify one to be nominated or
appointed as head of the various research and development agencies of the government. Nature of Work A Microbiologist investigates the growth, structure, development, and other characteristics of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, algae, or fungi. He/She also studies the relationship between organisms and disease or the effects of antibiotics on micro organisms. Tasks

Conducts chemical analyses of substances such as acids, alcohols, and enzymes; Examines physiological, morphological, and cultural characteristics, using microscope, to identify and classifies microorganisms in human, water, and food specimens; Investigates the relationship between organisms and disease including the control of epidemics and the effects of antibiotics on micro organisms; Isolates and makes cultures of bacteria or other microorganisms in prescribed media, controlling moisture, aeration, temperature, and nutrition; Performs tests on water, food and the environment to detect harmful microorganisms and to obtain information about sources of pollution and contamination; Prepares technical reports and recommendations based upon research outcomes; Provides laboratory services for health departments, for community environmental health programs and for physicians needing information for diagnosis and treatment; and Studies growth, structure, development, and general characteristics of bacteria and other micro organisms to understand their relationship to human, plant, and animal health.

Ability to work independently or as part of a team; Can communicate clearly and concisely, both orally and in writing; Knowledgeable in plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment; and Possess a keen knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and
their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods. Physical Attributes and Characteristics

Must have physical stamina for those doing field research in remote areas; Must be patient and self-disciplined to conduct long and detailed research projects; and Good attention to detail.
Miner
Salary/Compensation The basic salary of a miner is more than P400 (metal ore mining) a day with allowances, including 16th month pay, food allowances, life and accident insurances, free living quarters for their families, and even free use of all sports facilities. Miners who work night shifts also get a night differential. Incidentally, it seems that time wouldnt be a problem especially working in a mine where daytime a nd night time is virtually non-existent. In the US, the hourly pay is around US $21.57 in coal, $22.91 in metal ore and $17.74 in non-metallic. Basic Educational Requirement A high school diploma may qualify a person for this occupation coupled with on-the-job training provided by the mining company. Cost of Education * Most mining companies would require at least a high school diploma in this occupation. High school education would normally range from P25,000P40,000 per year in private schools and institutions and about P3,000 P5,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Considered as Asias third-largest gold producer, the Philippines is also estimated to have the worlds fourth-biggest copper deposits. However, employment opportunities in this industry will depend on foreign investors such as the British and the Australians who are exploring possibilities of investing in the mining industry. The mining industry requires many kinds of workers particularly in construction and extraction, production and material-moving occupations. Miners may also be employed in the following industries: Mining and Quarrying and Electricity, Gas and Water Supply. Prospects for Career Advancement Many miners begin as laborers or helpers and learn through on-the-job training. Most mining companies also supplement on-the-job training with formal training programs. As Miners gain more experience, they can advance to a higher paying jobs. Jobs are filled on the basis of seniority and ability. Advancement to supervisory position depends on experience, training, and ability to supervise.
Nature of Work A Miner extracts minerals from an area allocated to him in a specific mine. He is specifically trained to work underground where he personally keeps an eye on the boring of holes in the mineral veins, blasting operations using explosives, safeguarding of the workplace and making inquiries about misfiring of explosives, overseeing the cleaning of the face and conveyance of ore to the surface by means of underground trains and hoisting apparatus. Tasks

Cuts channels under the working face of the mine to make blasting more effective by operating a cutting machine; Drills blasting holes in the working area; Places, charges, and sets off explosives or air charges to break loose the materials; Operates machines which load materials in top mine carts; Shovels the shattered materials into mine cars or onto conveyors; Installs timbers, roof bolts, or other devices to support the walls and roof underground; and Lays track for mine cars or other track mounted equipment.

Can perform repetitive tasks; Ability to work under pressure; Can take necessary risks when placing/setting off (detonating) explosives; Able to work within precise standards of accuracy; Able to make decisions using personal judgment and measurable standards; Can work skillfully and easily with ones hands; Leadership skills to manage workers and maintain good working relationships; and Knowledge of the operation of mining equipment and apparatus such as drilling machines, sledge hammers, conveyors and mine cars, crowbars, picks and shovels, pumps, hand drills, explosives and fuses, and jackhammers.

Physically fit; and Can work without fear of closed or narrow spaces.
Mining Engineer
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, Mining Engineers usually receive a starting salary of P20,000- P 25,000 depending how large the company is, while those working abroad get a monthly salary of P100,000 to P130,000. Basic Educational Requirement A Bachelors degree in Mining Engineering is the minimum educational requirement. A license is given by the Professional Regulations Commission (PRC), the body which conducts the licensure examinations given to professionals. Advanced studies may also be obtained in masters and doctoral programs offered by some universities. Cost of Education * The cost of a five-year bachelors degree in Mining Engineering ranges from P 160,000 to P 200,000 depending on the school category you want to take up the course. There are only four universities here in the Philippines that offer a Bachelors Degree in Mining Engineering and these are Adamson University (Manila); Mapua Institute of Technology (Manila), UP Diliman (Quezon City), and Saint Louis University (Baguio City). Employment Opportunities Mines find greatest need for Mining Engineering graduates in areas of engineering, supervision or research. The heavy construction industry also has a need for mining technology, particularly in areas such as tunneling. Opportunities may also open up for Mining Engineers who can develop efficient ways to mine ores which cannot be profitably extracted with present techniques. The search for deposits of minerals and oil around the world may also create job openings. Mining Engineers may be employed in the Mining and Quarrying, and Electricity, Gas and Water Supply industry. Prospects for Career Advancement A Mining Engineer may work for industrial corporations engaged in mining or for the petroleum industry. He may begin his career in the underground as a sampler, a geologist assistant or a surveyor. A Mining Engineer may also be of service to private mine owners or government bureaus. Those who gain experience and earn advanced degrees sometimes move to research and consulting jobs, appraising mines or mineral deposits for investors. College and university teaching is another career possibility.
Nature of Work A Mining Engineer is concerned with the efficient construction, equipment and operation of mines. He/She plans mine working, hoisting mechanisms, power supplies and systems for drainage, ventilation and lighting. He/She also deals with the operation of extracting ores and other minerals from the earth and handling them to the point of delivery for processing. Tasks
Conducts investigations of mineral deposits and undertakes calculations in collaboration with geologists, other earth scientists and economists to determine whether the mineral deposits can be mined profitably; Determines the most suitable method of mining the minerals taking into account factors such as the depth and characteristics of the deposit and its surroundings; Prepares plans for mines, including tunnels and shafts for underground operations, and pits and transport roads for open-cut operations, using computer-aided design packages; Prepares the layout for mine development and the procedure by which the minerals are to be mined; Plans and coordinates the employment of mining staff and equipment with regard to efficiency, safety and environmental conditions; Talks to geologist and other engineers about design, selection and provision of machines, facilities and systems for mining, as well as infrastructure such as access roads, water and power supplies; Coordinates with the operations supervisor to make sure there is proper implementation of the plans; Operates computers to assist with calculations, prepares estimates on the cost of the operation and controls expenditure when mines come into production; Oversees the construction of the mine and the installation of plan and equipment; Makes sure that mining regulations are observed, including the proper use of explosives, and the correct ventilation to allow the removal of dust and gases; Conducts research aimed at improving efficiency and safety of mines; and Establishes first aide and emergency services facilities at the mines.

Able to identify, analyze and solve problems; Good oral and written communication skills; Aptitude for computing and design; Able to think and act decisively.
Good at mathematics.

Must be firm and hardworking, self-disciplined, and honest; Physically fit for manual work; Enjoy technical and engineering work; Willing to adhere to the safety requirements of the operation; Able to work independently; Able to accept responsibility; Able to work as part of a team; Practical and creative.
Network Engineer
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a Network Engineer/Network Administrators entry level salary ranges from P25,000-P35,000 per month and may even go up to P50,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the monthly salary for a network engineer/network administrator ranges from $1,500 $2,000. Basic Educational Requirement To be a Network Engineer/Network Administrator, the minimum requirement is a bachelor's degree specifically in the areas of Information Technology and a minimum of 3-5 years of work related experience. Cost of Education * A bachelors degree in the area of Information Technology normally ranges from P40,000 to P60,000 per semester in private schools and universities. However, in public educational institutions that offer the same discipline, tuition fee would cost about 20%-40% less. Employment Opportunities There is huge demand for Network Engineers in the Philippines and abroad. Nowadays, because of the fast paced development of technology, almost all companies need a Network Engineer. Network Engineers may be employed in the following industries: Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas and Water Supply, Hotels and Restaurants, Transport, Storage and Communication, Financial Intermediation, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security, Education, and Health and Social Work. Prospects for Career Advancement Network Engineers even when they are already working should not stop in keeping themselves updated with the latest software developments by taking up trainings or advanced lessons. They are usually promoted to a supervisory and a managerial level. Nature of Work A Network Engineer or Network Administrator, devises, installs and maintains computer communication systems that make it possible for people within an organization to interact faster and more effectively. Among others, the system allows them to commune with each other, send files, resources and provide services.
Tasks

Develops network systems that aid in the overall processes in a company or an organization; Works with four main network systems, namely; local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks, (WANs), and global area networks (GANs); Installs new software and hardware; Sets up user-accounts, permissions and passwords; Troubleshoots and fixes network errors; Maintains an effective security, particularly in networks that are connected to the world wide web; Creates preventive maintenance schedules and provides technical support to end-users; and Gives training on new systems and supervises day-to-day administration and monitor network use.
Possess a wide knowledge and understanding on installation and configuration of data/telecom network: CAT6 cabling, fiber optic, routers and switches; Have an in-depth knowledge of Networking; Good knowledge in the network platforms such as C/C++,Perl,TCL/TK, and background in SNMD,FREE BSD,JAVA and PHP is a plus; Must have undergone and passed the CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) training; and Must be an accredited Microsoft Certified System Engineer (MCSE).

Must have a basic knowledge of Autocad and/or Visio; Good Communication Skills, both oral and written; and Can work well with others; and Detail oriented.
Nurse
Salary/Compensation In the local labor market, an entry level registered nurse receives a salary of P8,000 P13,500 per month. Registered Nurses hired at Hospitals commonly receive an average salary of P9,757 per month. In the government, the average salary per month is around P13,500 while in private sector, the rate average is around P10,000 per month. Overseas, the pay scale is way above local rates with the US market offering an average salary of $3,800 per month, the United Kingdom with 1,662, and Canada with $4,097 for entry level. Basic Educational Requirement All Professional Nurses are required to have a Bachelors Degree in Nursing. Practice of the profession requires a license issued by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), the body which oversees the licensing of nurses and other professionals. Cost of Education * The cost of pursuing a BS in Nursing degree may range between P8,900 to P50,000 in private schools per semester. The cost is much lower in public universities where tuition fee is around P8,500 per semester. Employment Opportunities Aside from employment in hospitals, clinics and other establishments, the following are the emerging local job market for nurses: Medical Tourism Medical Transcription Rural Health Centers Day Care Centers Alternative Health Care Delivery System o Home health care o Long-term care facilities for the elderly o Independent nurse practice o Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) Demand for nurses and other health care professionals in the global market is continuously increasing particularly in Saudi Arabia, Singapore, UAE, Kuwait, Canada, US, UK, Qatar and Taiwan. In the future, nurses will also reach Oman, Japan, Australia, Spain, Switzerland, Belgium, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, and Sweden. Moreover, professional Nurses may be employed in the following industries: Hotels and Restaurants, Health and Social Work, Other

Community, Social and Personal Service Activities, and Private Households with Employed Persons, and Hotels and Restaurants. Prospects for Career Advancement There are several distinct levels of the nursing career structure distinguished by increasing education, responsibility, and skills. Advanced practice nursing which involves diagnosis of health problems and prescription of medication and other therapies is the next career move for a professional nurse. These are the clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners who have acquired a PhD and have gained specialization in clinical nursing, research, health policy, teaching, and consultancy. Nature of Work A Nurse is a health care professional engaged in the practice of nursing. Along with other health care professionals. A nurse is responsible for the treatment, safety, and recovery of acutely or chronically ill/injured people; health maintenance of the healthy; and treatment of life-threatening emergencies in various health care settings. He/She can also be involved in research and may perform non-clinical functions necessary to the delivery of health care. Tasks
Provides professional nursing care and treatment, either as curative or preventive measures, to ill, injured, disabled and other patients, and newborn babies and their mothers, in hospitals, clinics or other establishments; Supervises and coordinates the work of nursing and other non-medical staff in operating theater and assist surgeons during operations ; Administers medicine and drugs, applies surgical dressings and give other forms of treatment prescribed by physicians; Maintains accurate, detailed reports and records; Participates in preparations for physical and psychological treatment of mentally-ill patients; Gives professional nursing care to patients in their homes; Provides professional nursing services, care and advice within a community or at a work-place; and May specialize in community services to industrial and other organizations and engage in research activities related to nursing.

Ability to convey information effectively; Excellent reading comprehension;
Ability to use logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems; Analytical skill; Ability to communicate information and ideas clearly in speaking and in writing so others will understand; and Problem sensitivity or the ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong.

Service Oriented - always actively looking for ways to help people; Compassionate and understanding; Possess social perceptiveness or a keen sense of awareness for patients needs and problems; and Ability to see details at close range (near vision).
Nursing Aid
Salary/Compensation A Nursing Aide in the Philippines receives an entry level salary range of P8,000 P10,000 a month. In the U.S. and Canada, a Nursing Aides average monthly pay is benchmarked at $2,003 or approximately $24,040 per annum. Basic Educational Requirement The basic educational requirement is an Associate degree consisting of a two year course where practical nursing orderly program is supervised by a licensed health professional. Some employers may also require completion of specialized courses such as CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation), first aid and food handling/sterile processing. Cost of Education * The cost of education ranges from P13,000 to P30,000 per semester for a two-year course in Practical Nursing. However, some training schools offer a Healthcare Services training course for a period of 8 months. Employment Opportunities The second biggest requirement in the health service sector is Nursing Assistants with the demand coming mostly from private hospitals and health facilities that are available nationwide. The overseas market will continue to be a source of employment for Filipino health workers due to the aging population of developed economies. Nursing assistants may be employed in the following industries: Hotels and Restaurants, Health and Social Work, Private Households with Employed Persons and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Opportunities for advancement within this occupation is limited. To enter other health occupations, nursing assistants generally need additional formal training. Experience as an aide can also help individuals decide whether to pursue a career in the healthcare field. Nature of Work A Nursing Assistant assists in the care of patients under the direct supervision of licensed health professionals. He/She works as a member of the nursing team in hospitals, nursing homes, private homes and a variety of other settings.
Tasks

Answers patients call lights; Delivers messages; serve meals; make beds; Helps patients eat, dress and bathe; Provides skin care to patients; Takes patients temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate and blood pressure; Helps patients get in and out of bed and walk; Escorts patients to operating and examining rooms; Keeps patients room neat; Sets up equipment, store and move supplies, or assist with some procedures; and Observes patients physical, mental and emotional conditions and report any change to the nursing or medical staff.

Good at communication skills, both oral and written; Strong interpersonal skills as they work with persons who need extensive personal care; Flexible and have a keen eye for detail; and Ability to strictly follow instructions.
Physically fit as he/she spends many hours standing and walking, moving patients in and out of the bed or helping them stand or walk, and often face heavy workload; Tactful, understanding, emotionally stable and dependable, honest and discreet and have a desire to help people; Able to work as part of a team; and Must observe hygiene and good grooming at all times.
Optician
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, an Opticians entry level salary ranges from P9,000-P15,000 per month and may even go up to P20,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the annual average salary for an optician is $34,790 or $2,899 per month. Basic Educational Requirement A high school diploma is required to become an optician and may require some vocational training or job-related course work. In some cases, an associate's or bachelor's degree could be needed. Opticians usually need one or two years of training involving both on-the-job experience and informal training with experienced workers. Cost of Education * There is no specific educational requirement to be an Optician. However, employers often prefer applicants with a high school diploma particularly if one is applying in a health institution. High school education would normally range from P25,000 - P40,000 per year in private universities and about P3,000 to P5,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Opticians work under the supervision of an experienced optician, optometrist, ophthalmologists who have put up their own clinic or who work in private or public eye-health institutions. Most Opticians pursue a course in a related discipline to have a distinct advantage in the job market. Opticians may be employed in the following industries: Manufacturing, Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, and Health and Social Work. Prospects for Career Advancement Without further education, advancement opportunities are limited. Many experienced opticians open their own optical stores. Others become managers of optical stores or sales representatives for wholesalers or manufacturers of eyeglasses or lenses. Nature of Work An Optician fits eyeglasses and contact lenses, following prescriptions written by ophthalmologists or optometrists. Optician examines written prescriptions to determine the specifications of lenses. He/She recommends eyeglass frames, lenses, and lens coatings after considering the prescription and the customer's occupation,
habits, and facial features. He/She also measures clients' eyes, including the distance between the centers of the pupils and the distance between the ocular surface and the lens. Tasks

Assembles eyeglasses by cutting and edging lenses, and fitting the lenses into frames; Determines clients' current lens prescriptions, when necessary, using lensometers or lens analyzers and clients' eyeglasses; Evaluates prescriptions in conjunction with clients' vocational and avocational visual requirements; Fabricates lenses to meet prescription specifications; Grinds lens edges, or apply coatings to lenses; Heats, shapes, or bends plastic or metal frames to adjust eyeglasses to fit clients, using pliers and hands; and Performs administrative duties such as tracking inventory and sales, submitting patient insurance information, and performing simple bookkeeping.
Knowledge of physics, basic anatomy, algebra, and trigonometry as well as experience with computers are particularly valuable, because training usually includes instruction in optical mathematics, optical physics, and the use of precision measuring instruments and other machinery and tools. Have a good customer service and interpersonal skills; and Discretion, good judgment, organizational or management ability, initiative, and the ability to work independently.

He/She must be tactful, pleasant and can communicate well; Manual dexterity and the ability to do precision work are essential. Good attention to details; Can work well with others; Good looking and presentable.
Optometrist
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, an Optometrist's salary may range from P19,618 - P24,941 per month. In the U.S., an entry level Optometrist salary may range from $5,900 - $7,536 per month. Basic Educational Requirement Holders of a degree in Doctor of Optometry and passers of the licensure exam for Optometrists conducted by the Professional Regulations Commission (PRC) can qualify for the job of an Optometrist. Cost of Education * Doctor of Optometry may approximately cost P35,000 - P40,000 per semester in universities and colleges here in the Philippines. Employment Opportunities Industry sources suggest that the demand for optometric services is likely to continue into the foreseeable future primarily in response to an aging population. Most optometrists work in healthcare and social assistance, others have their own clinics. Prospects for Career Advancement To become an Ophthalmologist is the next level for an Optometrists career advancement. This requires further study and specialization on eye surgery. Nature of Work Optometrists provide public health services in vision care. They examine eyes to diagnose vision problems and ocular disease (pertaining to the eye). They prescribe and fit eyeglasses and contact lenses and recommend treatment such as exercises to correct vision problems or ocular disorders. Optometrists should not be confused with Ophthalmologists or dispensing opticians. Ophthalmologists are physicians who diagnose eye disease and injuries and treat problems with surgery or drugs. Like an Optometrist, they also examine the eyes and can prescribe eyeglasses and contact lenses. Dispensing Opticians fit and adjust eyeglasses and may fit contact lenses according to prescriptions written by an Ophthalmologist or Optometrist. Tasks
Examines patients eye, conduct tests and uses a variety of equipment, such as opthalmoscopes, biomicroscopes and other specialized instrument, to determine visual efficiency; Prescribes corrective eyewear treatment (excluding drugs or surgery) to conserve, improve and correct vision and other ocular disorders; and Refers patients to Ophthalmologists or other physicians and surgeons when ocular or other diseases are found;

Knowledge in optics, eyes and vision; Analytical Skills; Attention to detail; Ability to make sound decisions based on professional standards and personal judgment; Ability to give clear verbal and written directions; Excellent inter-personal relationships with patients; Ability to communicate information and ideas verbally so others will understand.

Arm-Hand Steadiness - the ability to keep hands steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position. Problem Sensitivity - the ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem; and Near Vision - the ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Orthodontist
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, an Orthodontists entry level salary ranges from P12,000-P20,000 per month and may even go up to P30,000 per month for those highly trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the annual average salary for an orthodontist is $206,190 or $17,182 per month. Basic Educational Requirement To become an Orthodontist, a bachelor's degree in Dentistry and a professional recognition through licensure by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) is a prerequisite before specializing in Orthodontics. Orthodontists are the largest group of specialists in the field of dentistry. However, many health institutions and employers require a masters degree in the said field of discipline. Cost of Education * The pre-requisite bachelors course of dentistry normally ranges from P40,000 to P60,000 per semester and the cost further studies or specialization on the discipline depends on the module offered. Most of the advanced trend in the specialization are offered abroad which would normally entail a high cost of knowledge acquisition. Employment Opportunities Most Orthodontists are solo practitioners, meaning they own their own businesses and work alone or with a small staff. Some orthodontists have partners, and a few work for other orthodontists as associate dentists. Orthodontists may be employed in the following industries: Education, and Health and Social Work. Prospects for Career Advancement An Orthodontists opportunity for advancement depends on the trainings and further studies he/she has completed. Ones working in a health institution (private or public) can move up to supervisory positions or open their own orthodontic/dental business. Nature of Work An Orthodontist is a dental specialist who works to prevent or correct misaligned teeth and jaws, which are called malocclusions or faulty occlusions. A person may seek the services of an orthodontist for cosmetic reasons as well as health reasons. Beside the insecurity and low self esteem that dental irregularities may cause, they can also affect a persons ability to chew and speak. Severely misaligned teeth and jaws can cause snoring, sleep apnea and other breathing problems.
Tasks

Adjusts dental appliances* periodically in order to produce and maintain normal function; Coordinates orthodontic services with other dental and medical services; Diagnoses teeth and jaw or other dental facial abnormalities; Designs and fabricates appliances, such as space maintainers, retainers, and labial and lingual arch wires; Examines patients in order to assess abnormalities of jaw development, tooth position, and other dental-facial structures; Fits dental appliances in patients' mouths in order to alter the position and relationship of teeth and jaws, and to realign teeth; Provides patients with proposed treatment plans and cost estimates; and Studies diagnostic records such as medical/dental histories, plaster models of the teeth, photos of a patient's face and teeth, and X-rays in order to develop patient treatment plans.
* A dental appliance is a special mouthpiece fashioned by a dentist to fit your teeth and jaw. Dental appliances have been used to treat grinding of the teeth and temporomandibular joint problems. Another use for dental appliances is the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA is a condition in which the air passage actually closes off repeatedly as the person sleeps. Skills and Competencies

Ability to analyze dental data; Posses diagnostic ability and manual skills; Must have good visual memory; and Have excellent judgment regarding space and shape.

Has a high degree of manual dexterity and scientific ability; Good business sense, self-discipline, and good communication skills; Adept in the knowledgeable of ana-tomy, microbiology, biochemistry, and physiology; and Knowledge and application of counseling and interpersonal communication techniques.
Pharmacist
Salary/Compensation In the local labor market, an entry level Pharmacist commonly receives P8,000 P12,000 per month and it may go up to P20,000 for those highly experienced or supervisory level. In the U.S, the average earnings of a Pharmacist is about $7,018 per month. Basic Educational Requirement A bachelor of science degree in Pharmacy is required. Pharmacists also require practical training under the supervision of a licensed Pharmacist. Passing a Board Examination given by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) is also required before one can practice the profession. Cost of Education * Cost of education may range from P23,000 - P45,000 per semester in private schools and universities. However, in other educational institutions that offer the same discipline, tuition fee would cost about 20%-40% less. Employment Opportunities Pharmacy is a multifaceted profession. As a licensed Pharmacist, one can work in any one of the following establishments: Drugstore, Hospital, School of Pharmacy, relevant government agencies, Drug Manufacturing Companies, Drug Distributor Companies, and Chemical/Cosmetic Companies. The increasing number of middle-aged and elderly people, who use more prescription drugs than younger people, will continue to spur demand for pharmacists in all employment settings. Other factors likely to increase the demand for pharmacists include scientific advances that will make more drugs available, new developments in genome research and medication distribution systems, increasingly sophisticated consumers seeking information about drugs, and coverage of prescription drugs by a greater number of health insurance plans. A Pharmacist may be employed in the following industries: Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, Health and Social Work, Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities, and Private Households with Employed Persons. Prospects for Career Advancement Pharmacists usually begin at the staff level, and after they gain experience, some become supervisors or managers. Those who are in the pharmacy chain of stores and companies are promoted to manager at the store level, then to manager at the district or regional level, and later to an executive position.
Nature of Work A Pharmacist distributes drugs prescribed by physicians and other health practitioners and provide information to patients about medications and their use. They advise physicians and other health practitioners on the selection, dosages, interactions, and side effects of medications. Tasks

Checks prescription for proper dosage; Compounds prescribed pharmaceutical products by calculating, measuring and mixing the quantities of drugs and other ingredients required and filling appropriate containers with correct quantity; Dispenses prescribed pharmaceuticals to customers or to other health care professionals and advise them on indications, contraindications, adverse effects, drug interaction and dosage; Maintains medication profiles of customers including registry of poisons and narcotic controlled drugs; Ensures proper preparation, packaging, distribution and storage of vaccines, serums, biological and other drugs and pharmaceuticals; Orders and maintains stock of pharmaceutical supplies; Advises customers on selection and use of non-prescription medication; and May supervise and co-ordinate the activities of other pharmacists, pharmacy assistants, pharmacy technicians, and other staff.

Should have scientific aptitude, good communication skills, and a desire to help others; Must be conscientious and pay close attention to detail because the decisions they make affect human lives. Proficient in basic subjects such as mathematics, spelling and reading; and Must have strong background in chemistry and health education.

Must be alert, observant, organized, honest and responsible; Have good manual dexterity; Ability to perform work repetitious work accurately; and Ability to take direction is also important.
Physical Therapist
Salary/Compensation Entry level salary for a Physical Therapist may range from P8,000 - P12,000 per month in the local labor market and it may go up to P20,000 for those highly experienced or supervisory level. In the U.S, the average earnings of a Physical Therapist is about $6,351 per month. Basic Educational Requirement A Physical Therapist must be a graduate of a bachelors degree in Physical Therapy. There are employers who require the equivalent license issued by the Professional Regulations Commission (PRC). Cost of Education * A bachelor's degree in Physical Therapy costs around P29,000 - P46,000 per semester in private colleges and universities. However, in other educational institutions that offer the same discipline, tuition fee would cost about 20%-40% less. Employment Opportunities Physical Therapists can work in various settings: hospitals and other healthcare and community based facilities; large rehabilitation centers; and home healthcare services. Physical Therapists are also increasingly taking on supervisory roles with physical therapy assistants and aides taking more hands-on responsibility. Assistants and aides now work more closely with clients under the supervision of a therapist. The demand for Physical Therapists is expected to rise as a result of the growth in the number of individuals with disabilities or limited function who require therapy services. Physical Therapists may be employed in the following industries: Hotels and Restaurants, Health and Social Work, and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement An experienced Physical Therapist can be promoted as Head Physical Therapist or be a manager or director of the Wellness and Rehabilitation. Nature of Work A Physical Therapist works with individuals who have a permanent or temporary impairment in their physical or mental functioning. He/She helps patients to recover and improve their ability to perform tasks in their daily living and working environments. A Physical Therapist helps patients to improve their basic motor functions and to compensate for permanent loss of function.
Tasks
Assesses patients occupational performance by methods such as reviewing records, interviewing the patient and his family, and gathering relevant information; Plans individual and/or group physical therapy treatment programs; Implements physical therapy treatment programs to promote, develop, maintain and/ or restore occupational performance potential; Delegates components of treatment to assistants/aides by instructing, observing and monitoring treatment provided to ensure quality patient care; Maintains patient records including clinical outcomes and progress; Instructs those with permanent disabilities in the use of adaptive equipment such as wheelchairs, orthotics and aids for eating and dressing.

Communicates effectively both verbally and in writing; Teaches, consults and advises; Works independently and as a member of a team; Plans, organizes and conducts therapy treatment programs ; Uses tact and understanding in dealing with patients, family members and caregivers; Performs duties under stressful conditions; Prepares and maintains accurate, concise case records of patients; Operates related adaptive equipment; and Utilizes computer software programs incorporated in clinical practices.

Communicate effectively both verbally and in writing; Teach, consult and advise; Work independently and as a member of a team; Plan, organize and conduct therapy treatment programs; Use tact and understanding in dealing with patients, family members and caregivers; Perform duties under stressful conditions; Prepare and maintain accurate, concise case records of patients; Operate related adaptive equipment; and Utilize computer software programs incorporated in clinical practices.
Pipefitter
Salary/Compensation A Pipefitter's entry level salary ranges from P8,000 - P10,000 per month and may even go up to P13,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. In the Middle East, where a large number of OFWs are employed, the monthly salary for a pipefitter is $800 on the average. Basic Educational Requirement Pipefitters get their education and training in various ways - in apprenticeship programs, informally on-the-job, and in technical/vocational training institutions. In general, the more skills needed for the job, the more education and training are required to qualify. Many entrants of this type of occupation must have basic knowledge of plumbing. However, most employers prefer to hire high school graduates and those who have undergone apprenticeship program and training under the supervision of TESDA and its accredited training schools. Cost of Education * The training cost for a pipefitter approximately ranges from P5,000 - P7,000 in private technical schools and about P2,000 to P4,500 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Demand for pipefitters will be driven by maintenance activities for places having extensive systems of pipes, such as power plants, water and waste water treatment plants, office buildings, and factories. Pipefitters may be employed in the following industries: Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas and Water Supply, Construction, and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Career advancement is dependent on pursuing additional training. Some pipefitters become supervisors for mechanical and plumbing contractors, others go into business themselves and eventually become owners of businesses employing many workers and may spend most of their time as managers rather than as pipefitters. Others move into closely related areas such as construction management and building inspection. Nature of Work A pipefitter lays out, assembles, fabricates, maintains and repairs piping systems. He/She deals with industrial process piping, heating/cooling systems, and boiler
installations. Typical industrial process pipe is under high pressure which requires metals such as carbon steel, stainless sheet, and many alloy metals fused together through precisely cutting, threading, grooving, bending and welding. Tasks

Studies blueprints, drawings and specifications to determine the type of pipe and tools to use, and lay out the sequence of task; Makes detailed sketches for pipe and equipment fabrication and installation; Measures, cuts, threads, grooves, bends, assembles and installs metal, plastic and fiber glass pipes, valves and fittings; Joins pipe sections, related equipment and secure in position; Uses testing equipment to check systems for leaks; and Removes and replaces worn components, do general maintenance work and may work on plant shut-downs.
Skills and Competencies Ability to read and interpret blueprints and specifications; Good mechanical aptitude; Ability to use various hand or power tools used for measuring , cutting, threading, grooving, bending, soldering, brazing, welding, assembling, joining and installing pipes, valves and fittings; Ability to read and understand complex instructions; and Ability to do careful and exacting work. Physical Attributes and Characteristics Physically fit; Manual dexterity; Strong communication and analytical skills; and Close attention to details. * Based on 2011 rates.
Pipelayer
Salary/Compensation A Pipelayers entry level salary ranges from P8,000 - P10,000 per month and may even go up to P13,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. In the Middle East, where a large number of OFWs are employed, the monthly salary for a pipelayer ranges from US$700 to $800. Basic Educational Requirement Pipelayers get their education and training in various ways - in apprenticeship programs, informally on the job, and in tech/voc training institutions. In general, the more skills needed for the job, the more education and training are needed to qualify. Many entrants of this type of occupation have basic knowledge of plumbing. However, most employers prefer to hire high school graduates and those who have undergone apprenticeship program and training under the supervision of TESDA and its accredited training schools. Cost of Education * The training cost for a pipelayer approximately ranges from P3,000 - P5,000 in private technical schools and about P2,000 to P3,500 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities The demand for pipelayers will be driven by maintenance activities for places having extensive systems of pipes, such as power plants, water and waste water treatment plants, office buildings, and factories. Pipelayers may be employed in the following industries: Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas and Water Supply, Construction, and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Career advancement is dependent on pursuing additional training. Some Pipelayers become supervisors for mechanical and plumbing contractors, others go into business themselves and eventually become owners of businesses employing many workers and may spend most of their time as managers rather than as pipelayers. Others move into closely related areas such as construction management and building inspection. Nature of Work A Pipelayer lays clay, concrete, plastic, or cast-iron pipe for drains, sewers, water mains, and oil or gas lines. Before laying the pipe, he/she prepares and grades the trenches either manually or with machines.
Tasks

Studies blueprints, drawings and specifications to determine the type of pipe and tools to use, and lays out the sequence of tasks; Makes detailed sketches for pipe and equipment fabrication and installation; Measures, cuts, threads, grooves, bends, assembles and installs metal, plastic and fiber glass pipes, valves and fittings; Joins pipe sections, related equipment and secure in position; Uses testing equipment to check systems for leaks; and Removes and replaces worn components, does general maintenance work and may work on plant shut-downs.

Ability to read and interpret blueprints and specifications; Good mechanical aptitude; Ability to use various hand or power tools used for measuring , cutting, threading, grooving, bending, soldering, brazing, welding, assembling, joining and installing pipes, valves and fittings; Ability to read and understand complex instructions; and Ability to do careful and exacting work; and

Physically fit; Manual dexterity; Strong communication and analytical skills; and Close attention to details.
Plumber
Salary/Compensation A plumbers entry level salary ranges from P8,000 - P10,000 per month and may even go up to P13,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. In the Middle East, where a large number of OFWs are employed, the monthly salary for a plumber is $700. Basic Educational Requirement High school education coupled with trade certificate from vocational training center with full apprenticeship training are the minmum requirements to be a Plumber. Cost of Education/Training * The training cost for a plumber approximately ranges from P5,000 - P7,000 in private technical schools and about P2,000 to P4,500 in other institutions. Employment Opportunities Demand for plumbers will be driven by maintenance activities for places having extensive systems of pipes, such as power plants, water and waste water treatment plants, office buildings, and factories. Plumber may also be employed in the following industries: Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas and Water Supply, Construction, Hotels and Restaurants, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, Other Community, and Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Career advancement is dependent on pursuing additional training. Some plumbers become supervisors for mechanical and plumbing contractors, others go into business themselves and eventually become owners of businesses employing many workers and may spend most of their time as managers rather than as plumbers. Others move into closely related areas such as construction management and building inspection. Nature of Work A plumber is a tradesperson who specializes in installing and maintaining systems used for potable (drinking) water, sewage, drainage, or industrial process plant piping.
Tasks

Installs, repairs and maintains domestic, commercial, and industrial plumbing fixtures and systems; Locates and marks positions for pipe connections, passage holes, and fixtures in walls and floors; Measures, cuts, bends, and threads pipes using hand and power tools or machines; Tests pipes for leaks using air and water pressure gauges; and Ensures safety standards and regulations are met.

Can read, interpret, create and maintain drawings and specifications; Can install pipe, fittings, valves and supports; Can install fixtures, equipment, devices; Has the ability to perform rigging and hoisting; Has the ability to do careful and exacting work; and Has the ability to read and understand complex instructions.

Physically fit; Manual dexterity; Strong communication and analytical skills; and Close attention to details.
Psychometrician
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, Psychometricians entry salary may range from P9,600 - P12,000 per month and may even go up to P15,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. In the U.S., the average salary of a Psychometrician is $5,200 per month. Basic Educational Requirement To become a Psychometrician you first need to obtain a degree in a relevant discipline. This is usually psychology or another social science, but can be management, education or statistics. By far, the largest number of professional Psychometricians begin with a first degree in psychology. Cost of Education * A four-year course in psychology would normally range from P10,000 - P45,000 per semester in different universities. However, the tuition fee costs less by around 10% to 40% in public colleges and universities which offer the same discipline. Employment Opportunities Psychometricians will be of particular interest to companies that desire to assess their workers productivity and overall mental state of being. Job opportunities will be best for those candidates that have a Ph.D. in psychometrics or a related field. Some may wish to start their own testing centers for companies who outsource these testing requirements. Psychometricians may also be employed in the following industries: Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security, Education, and Health and Social Work. Prospects for Career Advancement With additional training, education, and experience, Psychometricians can advance to other positions in human resource departments or testing organizations. Some may move into supervisory positions and others may pursue a Ph.D in Psychometrics. Nature of Work A Psychometrician does the selection and evaluation of people who apply for jobs. This is done according to the candidate's personality, aptitude, interests and abilities. He/She uses psychological measuring techniques, such as tests and questionnaires. The purpose of this is to be able to select the best candidate for a specific job. At some companies the Psychometrist is allowed to write psychological reports under the supervision of a registered psychologist.
Tasks

Initially determines the abilities, skills and knowledge needed to do the job and create the specifications of the test; May also perform data analyses on the test results as well as conducting validity and reliability studies; and Performs clinical interviews, administers and scores neuropsychological tests and monitors all data collection.

Must have strong problem-solving and critical-thinking abilities; Must be able to analyze large amounts of data; and Must also be comfortable working with a wide variety of test subjects.

Respect the importance of confidentiality, as he/she will be dealing with employees personal details; Able to work accurately, with good attention to detail; Must be patient, tactful, diplomatic and approachable; and Dedication to work.
Radiologist
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a Radiologists entry level salary ranges from P12,000-P15,000 per month and may even go up to P20,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the average annual salary for a Radiologist is $49,132 or $4,094 per month. Basic Educational Requirement Must be a graduate of Bachelor in Radiology and has passed the board examination for licensure given by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) . Multiple certificates in Radiology is highly preferred but not required. Employers always require at least 3-5 years experience as a Radiologist in private or public hospitals. Cost of Education * A bachelors degree in Radiology normally ranges from P35,000 to P45,000 per semester in private schools and universities. However, in public educational institutions that offer the same discipline, tuition fee would cost about 20%-40% less . Employment Opportunities Like other medical related jobs, Radiologists are also in demand abroad. However, employers abroad prefer an experienced radiologist. The demands for Radiologist are high. However, since the number of Radiologist are fewer than nurses or doctors, employers can only accommodate 5-10 Radiologist per hospitals. Radiologists may be employed in the following industries: Education and Health and Social Work. Prospects for Career Advancement Career advancement for Radiologists is based on experience and expertise. Those with further studies, have more chances of being promoted. Deserving Radiologists are promoted as Chief Radiologist or Department Head. Nature of Work A Radiologist is responsible in assessing the human body through X-Rays and Ultrasounds. He/She conducts x-ray examinations and passes the results to the physicians .
Tasks

Examines a patients condition through the use of X-rays, ultrasounds and other testing devices; Reads results from x-ray films, and jots down observed and detected damages that will further assess by the attending physician; Examines internal structures and condition of the organs; Administers radiopaque treatment by injecting it orally; Makes an assessment based on the results on the examinations; and Maintains and keeps the results finding of patients and secure its confidentiality.

Must have above average knowledge and expertise in radiology ; Knowledge in using x-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, ultrasounds and other medical equipments use in assessing medical condition; Must be keen and accurate in assessing and examining patients condition; and Must know how to use and understand medical terminologies .

Must have experience handling different minor and serious medical cases; Ability to communicate with customers, how to convince and calm them when anxiety strikes; and Knowledgeable in some clerical works such as keeping important documents and records.
Receptionist
Salary/Compensation For an entry level Receptionist, the average monthly salary is P9,000 and it may go up to P15,000 for supervisory positions or for those whose experience is 5 years and up. Basic Educational Requirement In small establishments, a high school diploma is the most common educational requirement. However, in large companies, a college degree usually in a business course or in social science is required. Employers often look for applicants who have already undergone some formal office education or training, and have prior experience in operating computers and in answering telephone calls. Newly-hired receptionists generally receive on-the-job training on how to operate multiline telephone systems, computers and other office equipment such as fax machine and copying machines. Cost of Education * High school education would normally range from P25,000 - P40,000 per year in private schools and institutions and about P3,000 - P5,000 in public institutions. The cost of a four-year business or social science course also varies between a public and private school. In a public university, the tuition fee is only around P3,500 per semester, whereas in a private school, fees may range from P20,000 to P48,000 per semester. Employment Opportunities Technology will have conflicting effects on the demand for Receptionists. The use of voice mail and other telephone automation reduces the need for Receptionists by allowing one receptionist to perform work that formerly required several people to do. However, Receptionists perform many tasks that are interpersonal in nature and are not easily auto-mated, thus ensuring continued demand for their services. Receptionist may also be employed in the following industries Hotels and Restaurants, Transport, Storage and Communication, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Advancement for Receptionists generally comes from a promotion to a supervisory position. Receptionists with strong computer skills may advance to a better paying job as an Executive Secretary or Administrative Assistant.
Nature of Work A receptionist is a person in an office/administrative support position. He/She receives clients/visitors, provides information and makes appointments on behalf of the office/company. Tasks

Answers telephone; Routes and receives calls; Makes appointment for clients; Greets visitors and directs clients to appropriate location or person; Responds to queries from the public; Provides information about the organization; Coordinates all mail into and out of the office; Helps monitor the access of visitors; and Performs a variety of office duties such as transmitting and delivering facsimiles, filing records, updating appointment calendars, opening and sorting mail, etc.
Specific Responsibilities The specific responsibilities of receptionists vary with the type of establishment in which they work. The specific responsibilities of receptionists vary with the type of establishment in which they work. For example: Hospitals and Doctors office Gather patients personal and financial information and direct them to proper waiting rooms. Corporate Offices Greet visitors and manage the scheduling of the board room or conference area. Factories and other Establishments Provide identification cards and arrange for escorts to take visitors to the proper office. Beauty salons Arrange appointments, direct customers and may serve as cashiers. Hotels Make reservations and arrange registration of hotel guest.
Skills and Competencies Technological proficiency and good interpersonal skills are important requirements to be an effective Receptionist. A Receptionist must know how to operate telephone systems, computers, fax machines and other office equipment, and must know the proper procedures for greeting visitors and for distributing mail, faxes and parcels.

Must be courteous; Punctual; Possess good work habits; and With pleasing personality.
Retail Salesperson
Salary/Compensation The starting wage for many retail sales positions is the equivalent minimum wage prevailing in the locality of employment. On top of the basic pay, some establishments give commissions under a quota system. To promote teamwork among the sales staff, some employers provide incentives such as the grant of bonuses and other benefits in kind. In addition, retail salespersons are given discounts on the stores merchandise. Basic Educational Requirement Persons with a high school diploma or with 2 years of college education are qualified for the job of a Retail Salesperson. The training for hired retail salespersons are usually conducted in-house. The topics generally discussed are customer service, security, store policies and procedures, and in some cases, how to operate a cash register. Depending on the type of product they are selling, retail salespersons may be given specialized training by manufacturers representatives. Large retail businesses usually prefer to hire college graduates as management trainees, making college education a requirement even at the entry level in large establishments. Cost of Education * High school education would normally range from P25,000 - P40,000 per year in private schools and institutions and about P3,000 - P5,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities This occupation offers many opportunities both for full-time and part-time work. Retail Salespersons may be employed in various settings ranging from small specialty shops employing a few persons to giant department stores with hundreds of employees. Others can also be part-time, self-employed representatives of direct-sales companies. Many new jobs in retail selling are expected to be created due to businesses expanding their operations, the need for temporary workers during peak selling periods, and a growing population that normally results in rising retail sales. Retail salesperson may also be employed in the following industries: Manufacturing, Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement As salespersons gain experience and seniority, they usually move to positions of greater responsibility. Employees even without college degrees may advance to administrative or supervisory positions as long as they display strong motivation and extraordinary capability.
Nature of Work A Retail Salesperson sells goods to customers in retail establishments and demonstrates and explains functions and qualities of these goods. Tasks

Moves goods to be sold from storage area to sales area and placing them on display; Ascertains the nature and quality of the product desired by the customer; Quotes prices, credit terms and discounts; Picks and arranges delivery of goods if needed; Writes bills, invoices, dockets or receipts; Verifies cashiers receipt, if necessary; and Gives demonstration of articles on sale in order to inform customer about their characteristics and mode of use, as well as to stimulate buying interest.

Knowledgeable of sale techniques coupled with an extensive knowledge of the merchandise they sell; Ability to communicate clearly and effectively both in English and in the local dialect; and Extraordinary talent for persuasion.

Must have an interest in sales work and must have the tact and patience to deal with different customers; Patience and courtesy are required especially when the work is repetitious and customers are demanding; and Must also be neat in appearance at all times.
Rigger
Salary/Compensation In the local labor market, a riggers entry level salary ranges from P10,000 - P15,000 per month. Overseas, they receive an average monthly earning is $3,857. Basic Educational Requirement Although most employers require high school graduates, the trade can only be learned through apprenticeship. Cost of Education * Most companies would require at least a high school diploma in this occupation. High school education would normally range from P25,000 - P40,000 per year in private schools and institutions and about P3,000 - P5,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Riggers work in construction sites and are employed directly by a building and construction company or by a subcontractor. Since most riggers work in large construction sites, the demand for them is closely tied to the general state of the building industry. In addition, Riggers may also be employed in the following industries: Fishing, Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing, Electricity, Gas and Water Supply, Construction, Transport, Storage and Communication, and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Career advancement is dependent on pursuing additional training. Some riggers may advance to associated occupations such as crane operator and scaffolder provided the relevant certificate of competency is obtained. Nature of Work Rigger helps operate machines that move heavy objects including steel plates, bundles of steel rods, drilling towers, platforms, and the heavy construction equipment used to build and take down steel structures. Tasks
Examines objects to be moved, estimates their size, shape and weight and decides on the type of equipment necessary;
Erects cranes and mobile crane booms, and increases the height of tower cranes by bolting component parts in place and rigging cables; Splices ropes and cables to make slings and tackle; Erects structural steel for buildings or plant under construction; Erects precast concrete panels used on facade of buildings, etc; and Ensures that safety requirements are met at all times.

Language skills sufficient to understand written and verbal safety instructions; and Ability to recognize own and others limitations in work situations.

Physically fit, alert and agile; Able to work at heights; Able to use hand tools; and Able to work as part of a team.
Room Attendant
Salary/Compensation Entry-level workers in the hotel and restaurant industry receive an average daily basic pay equivalent to the minimum wage rate prevailing in the place of employment. Included in this salary scale are workers in the accommodation sub-sector which consist, among others, of Room Attendants and other housekeeping staff. The basic pay excludes allowances, bonuses, commissions, overtime pay and benefits in kind. Basic Educational Requirement High school graduates, vocational technology graduates or college undergraduates can qualify for the job of a room attendant. Formal schooling has to be supplemented by training in basic housekeeping, either in-house or by a third party. Cost of Education * A 2-year course of Associate in Hotel and Restaurant Management costs around P13,000 to P24,000. A Certificate in Housekeeping Service Program would cost around P35,000 with a duration of 2 months or 240 hours plus 500 hours Externship Training. The course fee includes 2 one(1) set uniform, chemicals, use of facilities and training kit and this is being offered at Magsaysay Center for Hospitality and Culinary Arts. Employment Opportunities Employment opportunities for hotel workers, including Room Attendants, are quite large considering that the tourism industry has been identified as a priority sector due to its potential to boost the countrys economy. Local vacancies will also arise as a result of the movement of trained workers into overseas employment. Room Attendants may likewise be employed in the following industries: Hotels and Restaurants, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, Health and Social Work, Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities, and Private Households with Employed Persons. Prospects for Career Advancement Room Attendants can move into the supervisory level if they have fulfilled the requirements for additional training and the prescribed minimum years of experience. The requirements may vary depending on the standards prevailing in the place of employment. A college education may at times be necessary to get a promotion.
Nature of Work A Room Attendant performs duties in the cleaning and serving of guestrooms according to hotel/resort standards under the supervision of the Executive Housekeeper. Tasks

Cleans bathtubs, toilets, sinks, walls, mirrors, tiles, counters and floor surfaces; Strips and makes beds and changes bed linens; Dusts all furnitures, pictures, drawers, window ledges and shelves thoroughly; Vacuums the entire room and empties the trash bin; Replenishes amenities, linens and supplies in guestrooms; Ensures all electronic devices and lights are functioning properly; Transports dirty linens to the laundry; Adheres to proper lost and found procedures.

Effective communication skills and ability to work with a variety of people; Flexibility (able to perform a variety of tasks as instructed); Behavioral competencies in the area of customer service relations
Physically able to perform house keeping tasks which require bending, lifting, carrying, standing for long periods of time, and constant movement; Good health (have no mental or physical conditions that may be aggravated by the performance of the duties of this position); Personable and trustworthy.
Sales Representative
Salary/Compensation A Sales Representatives entry level salary ranges from P9,000 - P13,500 per month plus commissions and may even go up to P23,000 per month depending on the industry he/she is employed in and on the size of the company. In wholesale and manufacturing and in businesses of a highly technical nature, the salary is usually on the upper bracket of the given salary range. Basic Educational Requirement There is no formal education requirement for Sales Representatives, their levels of education varies. A bachelors degree can be an advantage especially for sales representatives who work with technical and scientific products. Cost of Education * A bachelors degree can be an advantage especially for Sales Representatives who work with technical and scientific products. A four year course would cost around P3,500 to P36,200 per semester in different universities. Employment Opportunities Opportunities for Sales Representatives in manufacturing are likely to be best for those selling products for which there is a strong demand. Jobs will be most plentiful in small wholesale and manufacturing firms because a growing number of these companies will rely on agents to market their products as a way to control their costs and expand their customer base. Sales Representative maybe employed in the following industries Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods, Hotels and Restaurants, Transport, Storage and Communication, Financial Intermediation, and Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Prospects will be best for those with a solid technical background and with the personal traits necessary for successful selling. Opportunities will be better for sales representatives working for an independent sales company as opposed to working directly for a manufacturer because manufacturers are expected to continue contracting out field sales duties.
Nature of Work A Sales Representative sells goods for wholesalers or manufacturers, to businesses, or groups of individuals. The nature of work requires substantial knowledge of items sold. Tasks

Answers customers questions about products, prices, availability, product uses, and credit terms; Recommends products based on customers needs and interests; Contacts regular and prospective customers to demonstrate products, explains product features, and solicits orders; Estimates or quotes prices, credit or contract terms, warranties, and delivery dates; Consults with clients after sales or con-tract signings in order to resolve problems as to provide ongoing support; Provides customers with product samples and catalogs.
Active Listener - gives full attention to what other people are saying, taking to time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times; Speaking - Talking to others to convey information effectively; Time management - Managing ones own time and the time of others; Persuasion - Persuading others to change their minds or behavior;

Must have an interest in sales work and must have the tact and patience to deal with different customers; Patience and courtesy are required especially when the work is repetitious and customers are demanding; Must also be neat in appearance at all times.
Seaman
Salary/Compensation A seamans entry level salary ranges from P10,000 - P12,000 per month and may even go up to P17,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Seaman abroad has a starting monthly salary of $900. Basic Educational Requirement There is a four-year course for anyone who wants to pursue a career on board. However, individuals who are not graduates of a marine course can still work on a ship, provided they undergo a 10-day training that is administered by accredited training centers. It is important to check if the training center or maritime school is CHED, or MARINA-accredited and compliant to international standards set by International Maritime Organization's (IMO) and amended Standards of Training Certification and Watch Keeping Convention (STCWC). Sea-based workers also need to undergo the Basic Safety Course (BSC), should have a valid Seafarers Identification and Record Book (SIRB) and Certificate of Competency (COC) issued by the MARINA and the Seafarers Registration Certificate (SRC). Cost of Education * A seamans course may range approximately from P25,000 - P35,000 per semester in private technical schools and about P10,000 to P15,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Most Seamen are employed on a passenger ship, cargo vessel, oil tanker and fishing boats. Seamen may also be employed in the following industries: Fishing, Transport, Storage and Communication, and Public Adminstration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security. Prospects for Career Advancement A seamans opportunity for advancement depends on the trainings and further studies he/she has completed, although most of them are aiming for an officer level position someday. Nature of Work A Seaman stands watch at bow or on wing of bridge to look for obstructions in path of vessel; measure water depth; turn wheel on bridge or use emergency equipment as directed by mate; break out, rig, overhaul, and store cargo-handling gear, stationary rigging, and running gear; and chip rust from and paint deck or ships structure. He
must hold a government-issued certification when working aboard liquid-carrying vessels. Tasks

Measures depth of water in shallow or unfamiliar waters, using leadline, and telephones or shouts information to bridge; Breaks out, rigs, overhauls, and stows cargo-handling gear, stationary rigging, and running gear; Stands watch from bow of ship or wing of bridge to look for obstruction in path of ship; Steers ship and maintains visual communication with other ships; Steers ship under direction of ships commander or navigating officer, or directs helmsman to steer, following designated course; Overhauls lifeboats and lifeboat gear, and lowers or raises lifeboats with winch or falls; and Paints and chips rust on deck or super structure of ship.

Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits; Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance; Controlling operations of equipment or systems; and Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.

Physically fit; Ability to see details at a distance; The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions; The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you; and The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Software Engineer
Salary/Compensation In the local labor market, a Software Engineer entry level receives around P16,000 P26,900 per month and may go up to P46,183 for those highly experience professionals. In U.S and Singapore, an entry level Software Engineer receives a monthly average salary of $4,904 or S$2,500. Basic Educational Requirement A bachelors degree, usually in Computer Science, Computer Systems Engineering, software Engineering or Mathematics is required. Knowledge in Microsoft and Oracle programs will definitely be an advantage. Cost of Education * In a public educational institution, it will cost only around P3,500 per semester. Private Schools charge higher rates ranging from P25,000 to P42,000 per semester. Employment Opportunities Employment of Software Engineers is expected to increase much faster than the average for other occupations, as business and other organizations adopt and integrate new technologies and seek to maximize the efficiency of their computer systems. Software Engineers may be employed in the following industries: Transport, Storage and Communication; Financial Intermediation; Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities; Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security; Education; Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities; and Private Households with Employed Persons. Prospects for Career Advancement Entry level Software Engineers are likely to test and verify ongoing designs. As they become more experienced, they may become involved in designing and developing software. Eventually, they may advance to become project manager, manager of information systems, or chief information officer. Some computer software engineers with several years of experience or expertise find lucrative opportunities working as systems designer or independent consultants or entrepreneurs with their own computer consulting firms.
Nature of Work A Software Engineer conducts research; designs; and evaluates, integrates and maintains software application, technical environments, operating systems, embedded software, information warehouses and telecommunications software. Tasks

Researches, designs, writes and tests new software programmes; Develops existing systems by analyzing and identifying areas for modification; Bolts Together existing software products (getting incompatible platforms to work together and creating code to link them); Maintains systems by monitoring, identifying and correcting software defects; Investigates new technologies; Creates technical specifications and test plans; Consults clients/colleagues concerning the maintenance and performance of software systems to obtain information, clarify details and implement solutions.

Must be able to create functional and technical design specifications for development efforts; Must have proficient programming skills, including familiarity with data types, syntax and control structures; Must be able to analyze and prioritize information to make appropriate recommendations; Must also be adept at debugging complex application problems and be able to produce quality software documentation, including requirements specifications, design documents and unit test plans; Problem solver; Ability to work in a team.

Enthusiasm and knowledge of project cycles; Attention to detail, even in pressured situations as deadlines approach; A logical mind; Numeracy aptitude; Good interpersonal and communication skills (especially the ability to understand client needs and communicate proposed solutions effectively).
Speech-language Pathologist
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a Speech-language Pathologists entry level salary ranges from P30,000 - P40,000 per month and may even go up to P50,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the annual average salary for a speech-language pathologist is $99,220 or $8,268 per month. Basic Educational Requirement To become a Speech-language Pathologist, a bachelor's degree in Speech Therapy is the minimum education required. The job often involves coordinating, training, supervising, or managing the activities of others to accomplish goals. Very advanced communication and organizational skills are also a must. Cost of Education * There are limited colleges and universities that offer a B.S. in Speech Therapy and the cost of tuition normally ranges from P65,000 to P80,000 per semester in private colleges and universities. The tuition fee costs less by around 10% to 25% in public colleges and universities that offer the same discipline. Employment Opportunities About half were employed in educational services, primarily in preschools and elementary and secondary schools. Others were employed in hospitals; offices of other health practitioners, including speech-language pathologists; nursing care facilities; home health care services; individual and family services; outpatient care centers; and child day care centers. A few speech-language pathologists are self-employed in private practice. They also provide services in schools, offices of physicians, hospitals, or nursing care facilities, or work as consultants to industry. Speech-Language Pathologists may also be employed in the following industries: Hotel and Restaurant; Transport, Storage and Communication; Education; and Health and Social Work. Prospects for Career Advancement Experienced Speech-language Pathologists may become mentors or supervisors of other therapists or be promoted to administrative positions.
Nature of Work A Speech-language Pathologist, sometimes called speech therapist, assesses, diagnoses, treats speech, language, cognitive-communication, voice, swallowing, fluency, and other related disorders. Speech-language pathologist works with people who cannot produce speech sounds, or cannot produce them clearly; those with speech rhythm and fluency problems, such as stuttering; people with voice disorders, such as inappropriate pitch or harsh voice; those with problems in understanding and producing language; those who wish to improve their communication skills by modifying an accent; and those with cognitive communication impairments, such as attention, memory, and problem solving disorders. Tasks
Administers hearing or speech and language evaluations, tests, or examinations to patients to collect information on type and degree of impairment, using written and oral tests and special instruments; Communicates with non-speaking students, using sign language or computer technology; Conducts lessons and directs educational or therapeutic games to assist teachers dealing with speech problems; Conducts or directs research on speech or hearing topics, and reports findings for use in developing procedures, technologies, or treatments; and Consults with and advises educators or medical staff on speech or hearing topics, such as communication strategies or speech and language stimulation; Designs, develops, and employs alternative diagnostic or communication devices and strategies; Develops and implements treatment plans for problems such as stuttering, delayed language, swallowing disorders, and inappropriate pitch or harsh voice problems, based on own assessments and recommendations of physicians, psychologists, or social workers; and Develops individual or group programs in schools to deal with speech or language problems;
Knowledgeable in the use of qualitative and quantitative assessment methods, including standardized tests, as well as special instruments, to analyze and diagnose the nature and extent of speech, language, and swallowing impairments; Ability to develop an individualized plan of care, tailored to each patient's needs;
Can select augmentative or alternative communication methods, including automated devices and sign language, and teach their use; and Adept in counseling technique concerning communication disorders and how to cope with the stress and misunderstanding that often affects patients.

Must be patient, compassion, and a good listener; and Has the initiative to continue professional education to gain clinical experience and be updated on the trends of treatments.
Steamfitter
Salary/Compensation A Steamfitters entry level salary ranges from P8,000 - P10,000 per month and may even go up to P15,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. In the Middle East, where a large number of OFWs are employed, the monthly salary for a steamfitter ranges from US$700 to $800. Basic Educational Requirement Steamfitters get their education and training in various ways - in apprenticeship programs, informally on the job, and in tech/voc training institutions. In general, the more skills needed for the job, the more education and training are needed to qualify. Many entrants to this type of occupation must have basic knowledge of plumbing. However, most employers prefer to hire high school graduates and those who have undergone apprenticeship program and training under the supervision of TESDA and its accredited training schools. Cost of Training * The training cost for a steamfitter approximately ranges from P5,000 - P7,000 in private technical schools and about P2,000 to P4,500 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Demand for steamfitters will be driven by maintenance activities for places having extensive systems of pipes, such as power plants, water and waste water treatment plants, office buildings, and factories. Steamfitters may be employed in the following industries: Mining and Quarrying; Manufacturing; Electricity, Gas and Water Supply; Construction; Hotel and Restaurant; Transport, Storage and Communication; and Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Career advancement is dependent on pursuing additional training. Some Steamfitters become supervisors for mechanical and plumbing contractors, others go into business themselves and eventually become owners of businesses employing many workers and may spend most of their time as managers rather than as steamfitters. Others move into closely related areas such as construction management and building inspection.
Nature of Work A steamfitter lays out, assembles, fabricates, maintains and repairs piping systems which carry water, steam, chemicals or fuels used in heating, cooling, lubricating and other processes. Tasks

Studies blueprints, drawings and specifications to determine the type of pipe and tools to use, and lay out the sequence of tasks; Makes detailed sketches for pipe and equipment fabrication and installation; Measures, cuts, threads, grooves, bends, assembles and installs metal, plastic and fiber glass pipes, valves and fittings; Joins pipe sections, related equipment and secure in position; Uses testing equipment to check systems for leaks; and Removes and replaces worn components, does general maintenance work and may work on plant shut-downs.

Must be able to read and interpret blueprints and specifications; With good mechanical aptitude; Must be able to use various hand or power tools used for measuring , cutting, threading, grooving, bending, soldering, brazing, welding, assembling, joining and installing pipes, valves and fittings; Close attention to details; Ability to read and understand complex instructions; and Ability to do careful and exacting work.

Physically fit; and Manual dexterity
Surveyor
Salary/Compensation Entry-level salary for surveyors ranges from P15,000 to P18,000 per month. Basic Educational Requirement The basic educational requirement is a diploma in Geodetic Engineering or a related field with subjects in surveying such as Civil Engineering and Forestry. One must pass the examinations conducted by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) to become a licensed Surveyor. Cost of Education* A BS in Geodetic Engineering is a five-year course with tuition fees of approximately P25,000 - P35,000 per semester. Employment Opportunities Career options for Surveyors include positions in government agencies such as the DENR, Land Management Bureau, Department of Agrarian Reform, Natural Mapping and Resource Information Authority, Coast of Geodetic Surveys, Department of Energy, Department of Public Works and Highways, and Land Registration Authority. In the private sector, Surveyors may act as consultants in various settings: in consulting firms engaged in infrastructure design; specialist companies marketing computer hardware and software in the fields of surveying, mapping, remote sensing and geographic information systems; realty management; and in technical matters relating to land registration cases. Surveyors may be employed in the following industries: Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry; Mining and Quarrying; Electricity, Gas and Water Supply; Construction; and Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Surveyors start their career as technicians or assistants if they are not yet licensed. Once licensed and equipped with extensive on-the-job experience, they may advance to senior-level positions. The promotion to higher-level position entails greater responsibilities since the surveyors tasks now include supervision of survey crews as well as training of new survey team members. Nature of Work A Surveyor is responsible for measuring and mapping the earths surface. He/She provides data relevant to the shape, contour, gravitation, location, elevation, or dimension of land features on or near the earth's surface for engineering, map making, mining, land evaluation, construction and for other purposes such as the determination of property boundaries. Tasks Directs or conducts surveys in order to establish legal boundaries for properties, based on legal deeds or titles;
Records the results of surveys, including the shape, contour, location, elevation, and dimension of land and land features; Calculates heights, depths, relative positions, property lines, and other characteristics of terrain; Prepares or supervises preparation of all data, charts, plots, maps, records, and other documents related to survey; Writes descriptions of property boundary surveys for use in deeds, leases, or other legal documents; Plans and conducts ground surveys designed to establish baseline, elevations, and other geodetic measurements; Searches legal records, survey records, and land titles, in order to obtain information about property boundaries in areas to be surveyed; Directs aerial surveys of specified geographical areas; Surveys bodies of water in order to determine navigable channels and to secure data for construction of breakwaters, piers and other marine structures; Locates and marks sites selected for geographical prospecting activities, such as efforts to locate petroleum or other minerals products; and Trains assistants and helpers, and direct their work in such activities as performing surveys or drafting maps.

Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications; Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology; Knowledge of design techniques , tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings and models; Knowledge of the principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses; Good office skills to undertake research on old deeds and other legal papers, and prepare reports that document the results of research work; Written and oral comprehension abilities; Good communication skills; Ability to work with precision and accuracy; and Computer literate.

Good physical condition; Good eyesight, coordination, and hearing; Ability to visualize objects, distances, sizes, and abstract forms; and Good interpersonal skills.
Systems Analyst
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a Systems Analysts entry level salary ranges from P15,000-P22,000 per month and may even go up to P30,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. and Canada, the average annual salary for a systems analyst is $62,000 or $5,166 per month. Basic Educational Requirement Systems Analysts must have a college degree in Computer Science, Information Science, or Management Information Systems. Some analysts get college degrees in other subjects. Then, they take computer classes and get computer experience. Cost of Education* A bachelors degree in Computer Science normally ranges from P40,000 to P60,000 per semester in private schools and universities. However, in public educational institutions that offer the same discipline, tuition fee would cost about 20%-40% less. Employment Opportunities The number of Computer Systems Analysts is expected to grow much faster than average in the next five years. Job applicants with proper training should have good job prospects. Those who have college degrees in business and courses related to computers should also be able to find jobs in this field. New jobs are expected as more companies try to use computers to improve their businesses. New internet and wireless technologies are also expected to create more jobs. Systems Analysts may be employed in the following industries: Manufacturing; Electricity, Gas and Water Supply; Hotels and Restaurants; Transport, Storage and Communication; Financial Intermediation; Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities; Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security; Education; and Health and Social Work. Prospects for Career Advancement A Systems Analyst with enough experience can be promoted to Senior Systems Analyst. There are lots of opportunities for this type of job; you can move from companies to companies since IT professionals are greatly in demand these days. Nature of Work A Systems Analyst figures out how to use computers to get things done. He/She tells businesses and other organizations which computers and software to buy, and decides how to get those tools to work together .
Tasks

Creates plans for development or replacement of companys IT system; Communicates constantly with company representatives to comprehend the appropriate system that the company needs; Conducts feasibility studies on different computer systems; Works with the companys programmer and software developers to construct the system: Trains the staffs for new or upgraded systems ; and Checks the system for errors before rolling out the final version.
Excellent knowledge in computer both software and hardware, namely: -SQL, -Visual Basic, C++ and Java, -Unified Modeling Language (UML), -SAP business software applications, -Microsoft or Oracle Certification, -Inventory software application, -Other software development skills Ability to think logically and analytically.

Excellent communication skills; and Can interpret gathered information clearly for technical and nontechnical colleagues and clients.
Technical Support Representative

Salary/Compensation A Technical Support Representatives entry level salary ranges from P12,618 - P20,500 per month and may even go up to P25,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. In the U.S., the monthly pay ranges from US $2,563 to $3,461. Basic Educational Requirement A Technical Support Representative can be a graduate of any course or with a college level of education and equivalent experience. However, those who have knowledge/experience in IT or network administration would surely have an advantage. Most employers prefer those with experience in call centers/telecom industry who have handled technical support account or have experience in outsourcing, shared services and operations. Cost of Education* A 4-year baccalaureate course would cost about P3,000 to P35,000 per semester in different universities. Employment Opportunities Demand for Technical Support Representatives will be driven by call centers and BPOs nationwide whose demand for these type of workers have risen over the past several years and which is expected to further increase in the next five years.Technical Support Representatives may be employed in the following industries: Hotels and Restaurants; Transport, Storage and Communication; Financial Intermediation; Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities; Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security; Education; Health and Social Work; and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Career advancement is dependent on pursuing additional specialized training. Some Technical Support Representatives become Technical Support Specialists in various fields while others become Technical Support Professionals. Others move into closely related areas such as systems analyst and software engineer after pursuing further studies.
Nature of Work A Technical Support Representative is a person who provides answers to questions from customers regarding use and trouble-shooting of equipment, usually over the phone. It can either be for hardware, software, use or application of different pieces of equipment, from home appliances, to commercial equipment to industrial machinery. Tasks

Identifies and handles customer inquiries, resolves customer concerns and maintains customer satisfaction; and Provides assistance in handling customers technical requirement;

Excellent problem solving and strong analytical skills; Excellent communication skills Ability to exercise good judgement and make decisions; Good at technical writing; Ability to handle multiple inquiries and priorities while maintaining a pleasant demeanor with the customer; and Experience in documenting procedures.

Physically fit; Ability to work with a team and follow instruction from supervisors; Must be dependable; Pleasing personality; and Professional in manner.
Telemarketer
Salary/Compensation Average salary of a Telemarketer is approximately P10,000 per month for the entry level. Aside from the basic pay, they also get allowances and other incentives. Basic Educational Requirement The position of Telemarketer is open to persons with at least a college level of education. However, there are some companies who require college graduates of any four- year course and with at least six months experience in outbound sales. A Sales and Marketing background is likewise a distinct advantage for candidates to the position. Telemarketers are required to have a knowledge of: Sales and Marketing - principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. o marketing strategies and tactics o product demonstration o sales technique o sales control systems Customer and Personal Service - principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. o customer needs assessment o meeting quality standards for services o evaluation for customer satisfaction
Cost of Education* The cost of a 4-year business or social science course varies between a public and a private school. In a public university, the tuition fee is only around P3,500 per semester, whereas in a private school, fees may range from P20,000 to P48,000 per semester. Employment Opportunities The continued expansion of Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) assures a steady demand for Telemarketers. However, telemarketing is sensitive to downturns in the economy since much of the work involves sales. Thus, during periods of recession, the demand for telemarketers tends to decline. In this case, Telemarketers may consider related jobs where a pleasant phone manner is important such as that of an office receptionist, telephone switchboard operator or dispatcher in customer service, freight and transportation.
Telemarketers may be employed in the following industries: Manufacturing; Hotels and Restaurants; Transport, Storage and Communication; Financial Intermediation; Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities; and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Telemarketers with at least 1-2 years working experience, have the ability to manage and train people, can perform strategic planning, and are adequately prepared to do analytical work can be promoted to the supervisory level. However, there are companies who require considerable in-house training in procedures and product knowledge before one can assume a supervisory position. Supervisors in telemarketing earn salaries not lower than P 20,000 a month and receive allowances and other incentives. Nature of Work A Telemarketer promotes an organization's products and services by telephoning potential customers relying on instructions and pre-established guidelines to perform the functions of the job. Tasks

Answers telephone calls from potential customers; Contacts businesses or private individuals by telephone to solicit orders for goods or services, or to request donations for charitable causes; Explains products or services and prices, and answers questions from customers; Obtains and maintains records of contacts, accounts, and orders; Schedules appointments for sales representatives to meet with prospective customers or for customers to attend sales presentations; and Conducts client or market surveys in order to obtain information about potential customers.

Adept at persuasion; Effective speakers and active listeners; Solid time management skills; Exceptional verbal communication skills; Strong organizational and follow-up skills; Ability to work exceptionally well in a team environment; A team player but with an ability to work independently; and Knowledgeable on the use of computer technology integration (CTI) systems.

Must have a dynamic personality and must be enthusiastic about his/her work; Must possess the following traits: self-motivated, confident, competitive and well organized; and Must be customer service focused, and actively looking for ways to help people.
* BBased on tuition fee rates for school year 2010-2011.
Tellers
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a Tellers entry level salary ranges from P9,000 - P13,000 per month. Overseas, such as in the U.S. & Canada, the monthly average salary for a Teller is $1,957 or $2,280 per month. Basic Educational Requirement The position of Teller is open to graduates of any four- year course and with at least six months experience in business and sales. A Sales and Marketing background is likewise a distinct advantage for candidates to the position. Cost of Education* There is no specific educational requirement to be a Teller. However, employers often prefer applicants with a bachelors degree particularly if one is applying in the banking and finance sector. A four year course in B.S. Accountancy cost around P20,000 to P45,000 per semester in a private institution while in a government-owned school, the tuition fee is only around P3,500 per semester. Employment Opportunities Generally, opportunities for Tellers are expected to be favorable. Most job openings will arise from growth and from the need to replace the many tellers who transfer to other occupations.Tellers may be employed in the following industries: Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods; Hotels and Restaurants; Transport, Storage and Communication; Financial Intermediation; Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities; Public Administration and Defense, Compulsory Social Security; Education; Health and Social Work; and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement This position usually does not offer very many opportunities for advancement within the bank. In order to become a banker, loan officer, or other higher ranking member of the staff, a teller would need to receive additional education/training. Nature of Work A Bank Teller is responsible for quickly and accurately processing routine transactions that customers conduct at banks. Routine transactions include cashing cheques and making deposits, loan payments, and withdrawals.
Tasks

Cashes cheques; Processes deposits and withdrawals from savings and cheque accounts; Receives installments on loan-purchase transactions; and Handles foreign exchange as well as travelers cheques.

Ability to communicate clearly; Must have tact and be mature; Must have numerical aptitude; Knowledgeable on the use of computer technology integration (CTI) systems; Ability to work exceptionally well in a team environment; Strong organizational skill; and Detail oriented.

Must be courteous and polite; Service oriented; Must be neat and with pleasing personality; and Willing to work beyond normal working hours.
Tour Guide
Salary/Compensation Tour Guide usually receives P10,000 per month. Basic Educational Requirement To be a tour guide requires completion of a four-year degree course in social sciences, preferably a BS in Tourism. In-house training is normally conducted for those who qualify for the job. Cost of Education* A degree in BS Tourism in public educational institution costs around P3,500 to P 5,000. While in private colleges and universities, the tuition costs around P20,000 to P47,000 per semester. Employment Opportunities The growth in tourist arrivals for the past recent years and the same increasing trend expected in the next five years will boost the demand for tourism services such as travel agencies, tour operators and tour guides. At present, the job of a Tour Guide is considered a critical skill: the supply cannot meet the demand of the industry. Those who undergo training can, therefore, find ample job opportunities.Tour guides may be employed in the following industries: Hotels and Restaurants; Transport, Storage and Communication; Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities; and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Tour guides may advance to managerial positions such as Tour Manager whose job carries more responsibilities and wider scope of work. The Tour Manager manages prearranged touring components and acts as the principal point of reference and assistance to members of the tour groups. It is also his responsibility to look after the welfare of the group. The Tour Manager is often accompanied by a local tour guide who provides in-depth local information and assistance. Nature of Work A Tour Guide accompanies visitors on local tours and provides general guide services. He/She gives information on history, archeology, monuments and works of art, the environment, culture, places of interest/attractions, and any matters of interest to the visitor.
Tasks

Escorts tourists and looks after their comfort; Coordinates pre-arranged accommodation and transport; Leads tour groups, advices tour members of local interest points; Prepares and presents tour commentaries; Coordinates pre-arranged tour activities such as visits to local attractions, museums, restaurant or shops, cruises and extended tours; Researches on the cultural and natural heritage of an area; Attends to operational problems such as booking errors and amendments, lost luggage, illness, and provides first aid if needed; and Maintains written reports of daily activities and carries out administrative work.
Skills and Competencies Ability to articulate with a clear speaking voice; Organizational skills; Ability to think logically; Excellent communication skills; Excellent general knowledge of the cultural and natural heritage of an area; and Ability and enthusiasm in working for the public. Physical Attributes and Characteristics Good health; Patient; Mature; Able to accept responsibility; and Dedicated and dependable. * Based on 2011 rates.
Travel Agent
Salary/Compensation The monthly basic salary of a Reservation and Travel Agent starts at P10,00 at the entry level. It may go as high as P17,000. Basic Educational Requirement Any educational background is acceptable but preference is given to graduates of a course in Tourism. Short-term courses in Tourism Management would also be an advantage for non-tourism graduates. Cost of Education * A degree in BS Tourism in public educational institution costs around P3,500 to P 5,000. While in private colleges and universities, the tuition costs around P20,000 to P47,000 per semester. Employment Opportunities The growth in tourism-related services will provide ample employment opportunities to the travel and tour segment of the tourism industry, thus, the demand for Travel Agent is expected to be sustained in the succeeding years. There are likewise job opportunities for those seeking overseas employment. Travel agents may work in the following industries: Hotels and Restaurants, Transport, Storage and Communication, Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities, and Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Travel Agents may advance to supervisory or managerial positions after they have acquired the competencies required for such position. They must be able to demonstrate the ability to manage organizational operations and to lead large organizations. Travel Agents could also put up their own business as Tour Operators. Nature of Work A Travel Agent supplies information, arrange travel itineraries and obtains necessary reservations. Tasks

Advises customers on itineraries and method of travel; Prepares itineraries;
Makes and confirms reservations for transportation and accommodations; Issues ticket, vouchers and other documents; Informs clients of essential travel information such as travel times, transportation connections, and medical and visa requirements; Provides clients with assistance in preparing required travel documents and forms; and Prepares bills and receive payments.

Ability to convey information effectively; Ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures; Speech clarity; Working knowledge of other languages such as Japanese, French, Chinese, Spanish, etc; Knowledge of basic mathematics; Computer literate; Knowledgeable in system CSC (Amadeus, Galileo and Worldspan) and other applicable computer software programs; Knowledge of principles and process for providing customers and personal services (i.e. customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services and evaluation of customer satisfaction); Knowledge of clerical and office procedures and systems such as managing files and records, designing and accomplishing forms; and Adept at coordination work.

Active initiative to solve customer problem; Service-minded; Strong interpersonal skills; Socially perceptive; and Near vision - ability to see details at close range.
Veterinarian
Salary/Compensation A Veterinarians entry level salary ranges from P15,000 - P20,000 per month and may even go up to P25,000 per month for those highly trained. Those who have small private clinics charge a consultation fee which ranges from P100 - P250. In the US, the median monthly pay is around US $4,000. Basic Educational Requirement Prospective Veterinarians must be a graduate of Veterinary Medicine from a 4-year program at an accredited college of veterinary medicine. Practice of profession requires passing the board exams for veterinarians and obtaining a license from the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). Pre-veterinary courses emphasize the sciences. Veterinary colleges typically require classes in organic and inorganic chemistry, physics, biochemistry, general biology, animal biology, animal nutrition, genetics, vertebrate embryology, cellular biology, microbiology, zoology and systemic physiology. Most veterinary medical colleges also require core courses, including some in English or Literature, and Social Sciences and the Humanities. Increasingly, courses in practice management and career development are becoming a standard part of the curriculum, to provide a foundation of general business knowledge for new graduates. Cost of Education * A Veterinary Medicine course would cost about P25,000 to 35,000 per semester in private universities and approximately P5,000 to P10,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Locally, the demand for veterinarians in our farms and poultries, food, drugs and disease research companies is quite sufficient for our veterinary graduates. However, if our veterinarians will opt to go abroad because of the growing demand and high pay, we might experience a shortage in the supply of these workers. A veterinarian can be employed in the following industries: Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry, Fishing, Education, and, Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Some Veterinarians are employed into farms; in drugs and disease research; as government meat and poultry inspectors, animal welfare and safety workers, epidemiologist, and research assistants to gain experience. But most of the experienced veterinarians set up their own practice.
Nature of Work A Veterinarian plays a major role in the healthcare of pets; livestock; and zoo, sporting and laboratory animals. Some veterinarians use their skills to protect humans against diseases carried by animals and conduct clinical research on human and animal health problems. Others work in basic research, broadening the scope of the fundamental theoretical knowledge and applied research, developing new ways to use knowledge. Tasks

Diagnoses animal health problems; Vaccinates against diseases, such as distemper and rabies; Medicates animals suffering from infections or illnesses; Treats and dresses wounds, set fractures, perform surgery; and Advises owners about animal feeding, behavior and breeding.

Excellent communication and business skills; and Ability to exercise good judgment and make decisions.

Must have manual dexterity; Should have an affinity for animals and ability to get along with their owners; and Highly professional in manner and in dealing with others.
Veterinary Technologist
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a veterinary technologists entry level salary ranges from P10,000 P15,000 per month and may even go up to P17,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas such as in the U.S. & Canada, the annual average salary for a veterinary technologist is $25,344 or $2,112 per month. Basic Educational Requirement To become a Veterinary Technologist, you first need to obtain a bachelors degree in Veterinary Technology where courses are taught in clinical and laboratory settings using live animals. Cost of Education * A four year course in Veterinary Technology would normally range from P15,000 P20,000 per semester in private universities and about P5,000 to P10,000 in public institutions. Employment Opportunities Locally, the demand for Veterinary Technologists in farms and poultries, food, drugs and disease research companies is quite sufficient for Veterinary Technology graduates. However, if Veterinary Technologists will opt to go abroad because of the growing demand and high pay, we might experience a shortage in the supply of these workers. Veterinary Technologists can work in the following industries: Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry, Fishing, Education, and, Other Community, Social and Personal Service Activities. Prospects for Career Advancement Some Veterinary Technologists are employed into farms; in drugs and disease research; as government meat and poultry inspectors, animal welfare and safety workers, and research assistants to gain experience. Nature of Work A Veterinary Technologist typically conducts clinical work in a private practice under the supervision of a veterinarian. He/She often performs various medical tests along with treating and diagnosing medical conditions and diseases in animals, performs medical tests in a laboratory environment for use in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases in animals, prepares vaccines and serums for prevention of diseases, prepares tissue samples, takes blood samples, and executes laboratory tests such as urinalysis
and blood counts, and cleans and sterilizes instruments and materials and maintain equipment and machines. Tasks
Administers anesthesia to animals, under the direction of a veterinarian, and monitors animals responses to anesthetics so that dosages can be adjusted; Bathes animals, clips nails or claws, and brushes and cuts animals hair; Dresses and sutures wounds, and applies splints and other protective devices; Cleans and sterilize instruments, equipment, and materials; and Gives enemas and performs catheterizations, ear flushes, intravenous feedings, and gavages.

Compassionate towards animals; Attentive to details; Calm and collective; and Excellent communication skills.

Able to work well with others; Must be patient, tactful, diplomatic and approachable; and Dedicated to work.
Waiter/Waitress
Salary/Compensation An entry level Waiter/ Waitress salary may range from P8,000 - P10,000 per month and it may go up to P20,000 for those who have supervisory or 5 years experienced. In US and Australia, salary ranges from $3.51 - $7.67 or AU$10.10 - AU$15.02 per hour. Basic Educational Requirement There is no specific educational requirement but a high school diploma is the minimum entry requirement. Prior experience is preferred by restaurants and hotels that have rigid table service standards. In-house training is often provided by full service restaurants which consists of some form of classroom-type training and actual on-thejob work experience. Training could also be acquired from vocational and other training institutes which offer training in a generalized food service curriculum. Cost of Training * A 2-year course of Associate in Hotel and Restaurant Management costs around P13,000 to P24,000. Some training schools offer a Food and Beverage Service program for 2 months or 240 hours plus 500 hours externship training that will cost P40,000. These includes one set uniform, apron, beverages, use of facilities and training kit. Employment Opportunities Job openings for Waiters and Waitresses are expected to grow because of the increasing number of restaurants and other food and beverage-serving establishments being put up in response to a rising population that love to dine in food establishments. In the future, overseas employment will likewise offer numerous opportunities for Waiters and Waitresses. Among the countries that hire Waiters / Waitresses are the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Singapore, Australia, Libya, CNMI and USA. Prospects for Career Advancement For workers in small-sized food serving establishments, advancement is usually limited to finding a job in a busier or more expensive restaurant where prospects for tip earnings are better. In larger-sized restaurants, Waiters and Waitresses with professional experience and with formal management training may rise up to the rank of dining room supervisor, assistant head waiter, head waiter, assistant restaurant manager, or restaurant general manager.
Nature of Work A Waiter or Waitress ensures that the guest receives prompt attention and service when they enter the restaurant. Tasks

Sets the table cutlery, serviettes and condiments before the start of meals; Accompanies the guest to the table when they arrive, takes their orders, and serves food and beverages; Familiarizes guests with the menu and recommends dishes, drinks and wines when taking orders; Clears used cutlery and replaces table settings when guests leave; and Serves individual portions or dishes and refills drink when requested.

A good memory to avoid confusing customers orders and to recall faces, names, and preferences of frequent patrons; Knowledgeable in operating computers which they may use in placing orders and generating customers bills; Need to be quick at arithmetic especially in cases where they may have to total bills manually; and Knowledge of a foreign language is also helpful since Waiters and Waitresses have to communicate with diverse clients.

Must be able to communicate well with people; Must be tactful and courteous at all times; neat, tidy and smartly dressed; Must possess a good service attitude; Must have good physical health as they spend most of their working hours on their feet. Manual dexterity is also required when serving food to customers and guests.
Web Developer
Salary/Compensation In the Philippines, a Web Developers entry level salary ranges from P13,000 - P31,000 per month and may even go up to P44,000 per month for those highly-trained and experienced. Overseas, such as in the U.S. & Canada, the annual average salary for a web developer is $4,273 or C$3,845 per month. Basic Educational Requirement There is no real educational path to follow to become a Web Developer, however, there are some institutions and college programs which could help an individual become a Web Developer. Courses in web design, internet development, computer science, engineering and business will all be useful to prospective web developers, most of these programs last between one and three years. Cost of Training * Web Design and Development training courses for Web Developers normally ranges from P2,495 - P8,495 and these courses are being offered by the Philippine Center for Creative Imaging. Employment Opportunities Web Developers work for companies with company and/or products/services websites, or for those interested in the information found online. They can also work freelance and have their services contracted, or work for a web design firm. Prospects for Career Advancement For Web Developers who keep up to date with the latest technology, the prospects for advancement are good. They may be given supervisory responsibilities. Some may move into other aspects of computer programming, like software development, operating systems, and database programming. Nature of Work A Web Developer designs, creates, produces and maintains web pages using relevant software packages. Tasks

Designs Websites; Maintains and upgrades websites;
Posts database information on sites; Runs test to ensure web programs and computer systems are working properly; Finds and corrects faults in websites; Prepares reports on websites; and Maintains and upgrades websites.

Knowledgeable in different programming languages and techniques; Genuine interest in computers and computer capabilities; Should be adaptable to new things; Work well under pressure; Must be organized; and Ability to work on a number of projects at once.

Creative and technical aptitude; Good communication skills; Can work well in a team; Good attention to detail; and Committed to understanding new technology and upgrading skills.
Welding & Metal Fabrication Technician

Salary/Compensation Salary rates depend on the industry/sector of employment. Entry-level salary may range from P8,000 to P13,000 per month and may even go as high as P15,000 to P20,000 for highly-trained and experienced welders. Basic Educational Requirement To be a Welding and Fabrication Technician, one must undergo a three-year post secondary non-degree course in Welding and Metal Fabrication Technology. Cost of Education * The basic tuition fee for a 3-year course in Welding and Fabrication Technology is around P15,000 per semester. High school graduates can avail of the DOST-SEI Scholarship Grant to pursue the course in welding and metal fabrication. Employment Opportunities Welding and Metal Fabrication Technicians may find employment in various settings: in metal working industries, welding plants, and in construction, both local and overseas. In the overseas market, welders are highly-in-demand and are among the top occupations with the highest recorded deployment in the construction industry. Prospects for Career Advancement Career advancement is highly dependent on pursuing further studies or training along his area of specialization. Welders can be promoted as foreman or supervisor after gaining considerable working experience. Welders can also become entrepreneurs by putting up their own welding shops. Nature of Work A Welding and Metal Fabrication Technician performs the different basic and advanced metal welding processes. Tasks
Joins and cuts metal products using gas flame, electric arc, thermite compound and other methods;
Operates resistance welding machines; Uses blow torch to make and repair lead linings, pipes, floors and other lead fixtures; Brazes metal parts together; and Joins metal parts by soldering.

Knowledge and hands-on-experience in basic and advanced metal welding processes; Aptitude for Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry; Knowledge of non-destructive tests for welding; and Analytical skills.

Physically fit; Manual dexterity; Arm-hand steadiness; and Near Vision.

Career Guide: A Series of Occupational Briefs

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Accountant

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on tuition fee rates for school year 2010-2011.

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on tuition fee rates for school year 2010-2011.

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on tuition fee rates for school year 2010-2011

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on tuition fee rates for school year 2010-2011.

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on tuition fee rates for school year 2010-2011.

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on tuition fee rates for school year 2010-2011.

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on tuition fee rates for school year 2010-2011.

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on tuition fee rates for school year 2010-2011.

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on tuition fee rates for school year 2010-2011.

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on 2011 rates.

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on 2011 rates.

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on 2011 rates.

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on 2011 rates.

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on 2011 rates.

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on 2011 rates.

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on 2011 rates.

CNC Machine Programmer

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on 2011 rates.

Computer Support Specialist

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on 2011 rates.

Prepares and cooks complete meals or individual dishes and foods;

Skills and Competencies

Physical Attributes and Characteristics

* Based on 2011 rates.

Call Center Agent

Duration - 2 weeks Cost - P3,900 School/Training Institute - BPO Training Academy