Power System Protection: S.A.Soman

Power System Protection S.A.
Soman Introduction to Power Swings Analysis of Two Area System Determination of Power Swing Locus Electrical Center Three Stepped Distance Protection Summary
Power System Protection

S.A.Soman
Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Bombay
Power Swings and Distance Relaying

Power System Protection S.A.Soman
1
Introduction to Power Swings Analysis of Two Area System Determination of Power Swing Locus Electrical Center Three Stepped Distance Protection Summary
Introduction to Power Swings Analysis of Two Area System Determination of Power Swing Locus Electrical Center Three Stepped Distance Protection Summary

Power System Protection S.A.Soman Introduction to Power Swings Analysis of Two Area System Determination of Power Swing Locus Electrical Center Three Stepped Distance Protection Summary
Power Swings It refers to oscillation in active and reactive power ows on a transmission line. It is a consequence of large system disturbance like a fault. The post fault power swings may encroach the relay characteristics. This will be seen by the relay as an impedance swing on the R-X plane. If the impedance trajectory stays in the relay zone for sufciently long time the relay will issue trip decision.


Analysis of Two Area System During steady state power ows from A to B and assume that the system is purely reactive. Pm0 is the output power and 0 is the rotor angle under steady state condition. 0 = sin1
Pm 0 Pmax
During fault, Pe drops to zero and rotor accelerates to 1 . As per equal area criteria, the rotor will swing up to maximum rotor angle max so that Accelerating Area (A1 ) = Decelerating Area (A2 ).

Rotor angle corresponding to fault clearing time tcr can be computed by swing equation, 2Hd 2 = Pm0 s dt 2 It can be derived that, Pm0 (1 0 ) = Pmax (cos1 cosmax ) Pm0 (max 1 ) cosmax = cos1 Pm0 (max 0 ) Pmax
max = f (Pm0 , tcr )

Variation of max versus Pm0 for different values of tcr

Determination of Power Swing Locus The impedance seen by the relay is given by, Zseen (relay ) = Es Irelay Zs Vrelay = Irelay Irelay ZT ZT j cot 2 2 2 ZT 2
= Zs + At = 180 ,
Zseen = Zs +
T The vector component Zs + Z2 is a constant in R-X plane. ZT The component j 2 cot 2 lies on a straight line T perpendicular to Z2 .


Thus it can be seen that The trajectory of the impedance measured by relay during the power swing is straight line. The angle subtended by a point in the locus on S and R end points is the angle . The swing intersects the line AB, when = 180. This point of intersection of swing impedance trajectory on the impedance line is known as electrical center of the swing. At the electrical center, angle between two sources is 180 . The existence of the electrical center is an indication of system instability. i.e, the two generators are now out of step. If the post fault system is stable, the power swing retraces its path at max .


ES If E = k = 1 then the power swing locus is an arc of the R circle.

It can be shown that, ES k (cos + jsin ) k [(k cos ) jsin ] = = ES ER k (cos + jsin ) 1 (k cos )2 + sin2 Then, Zseen = ZS + k [(k cos ) jsin ] ZT (k cos )2 + sin2
| ES | | ER |
The location of electrical center depends upon ratio.
Appearance of electrical center on a transmission line is a transient phenomenon. The electrical center vanishes after some time.

At the electrical center voltage is zero and the relays at both ends will trip the line. Thus, existence of electrical center indicates system instability and nuisance tripping of the distance relay.



Let Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 are the rotor angles when swing just enters the 3 zones, then, If max < Z 3 , then the swing will not enter the relay characteristics. If Z 3 max Z 2 , then the swing will enter in zone 3. If Z 2 max Z 1 , then the swing will enter in both zone 2 and 3. If max Z 1 , then the swing will enter in all the 3 zones and the relay will trip on zone 1.
Setting of Distance Relays

Summary Introduction to power swings Distance relay perspective of power swings Swing locus seen by distance relay Electrical center Three stepped distance protection Possibility of distance relay tripping on power swings

Power System Protection: S.A.Soman

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Power System Protection: S.A.Soman

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Power System Protection S.A.

Power System Protection

Power Swings and Distance Relaying

Power Swings and Distance Relaying

Power Swings and Distance Relaying

Power Swings and Distance Relaying

Power Swings and Distance Relaying

Power Swings and Distance Relaying

max = f (Pm0 , tcr )

Power Swings and Distance Relaying

Variation of max versus Pm0 for different values of tcr

Power Swings and Distance Relaying

Power Swings and Distance Relaying

Power Swings and Distance Relaying

Power Swings and Distance Relaying

Power Swings and Distance Relaying

ES If E = k = 1 then the power swing locus is an arc of the R circle.

Power Swings and Distance Relaying

The location of electrical center depends upon ratio.

Power Swings and Distance Relaying

Power Swings and Distance Relaying

Power Swings and Distance Relaying

Power Swings and Distance Relaying

Setting of Distance Relays

You might also like