Name: ____________________________

Teacher : Class : F4B

Lesson : Date Time : :

SERI OMEGA PRIVATE SCHOOL JOHOR BAHRU Subject : Chapter / Topic : Subtopic : Physics 4.0 Heat 4.3 Latent Heat

4.3 UNDERSTANDING LATENT HEAT Before we begin, let's think about this situation. # When ice melts. There is a change of phase from ______________ . The ice absorbs heat from the surroundings. The heat energy absorbed by the ice does not cause the ____________ in temperature. The energy absorbed is _______________ to the molecules of ice as kinetic energy. 1. When a substance experiences a change of phase, it absorbs heat energy ______ a change in temperature. The heat absorbed is known as ____________________ . 2. Heat energy needs to be supplied to change a substance from _______ to liquid phase and from liquid to _______ phase. 3. When a solid melts, heat is _______ but the temperature remains _____________ . 4. When a liquid is boiling, heat is also _________ but the temperature remains ______________ . 5. From the principle of conservation of energy, we can infer that: a) latent heat must be __________ when a gas ________ to become a liquid and when

the liquid solidifies to the __________ phase. b) These two processes also occur at _________ temperature. 6. The four main changes of phase are melting, boiling, condensation and solidification.

Four main changes of phase

Gas
Boiling Latent heat . Condensation Latent heat

Solid

Solidification Latent heat

Liquid

1. 2.

The heat absorbed or the heat released at constant temperature during a change of phase is known as latent heat. Q = ml The specific latent heat of a substance is the energy which is required to change 1 Kg of a substance from a certain physical condition to another physical condition without any change in temperature.

3. 4.

The unit for specific latent heat is JKg-1. The graphs above shows how the temperature of a quantity of substance such as water changes over time when heat is supplied to it.

5.

All along the temperature from 0 to 273 K, water is in the form of _________ that is ice. In this phase: - When the temperature is raised, the water molecules vibrate _____________. - Heat energy supplied is converted to ____________.

6.

All along the straight line at 273K , a change of phase from ______ to ______ occurs. As: - Even though heat is still supplied to it, the temperature does not ________ all along. This is because the heat energy supplied is needed to ______________________________ and not for the increasing their energy. - The heat that is required in the change of phase from _________ to _________ is termed the latent heat of _____________.

7.

At the end of the straight line at 273K , all of the solid (ice) has __________ into liquid.

8.

All along the graph from 273K to 373K, water only exist in the form of liquid only. Therefore, the temperatures of water will _________ when heat is supplied to it.

9.

All along the graph of 373 K (the level phase), the change of phase from liquid to _________ occurs. Along the line: - Water is _____________ . -it is observed that the temperature does ______________ even though heat is constantly supplied to the substance. - Heat is required to ___________ the water molecules and to do the work of opposing air pressure when the liquid changes into gas. -The heat required to convert ___________ into gas is termed the latent heat of ____________________ .

10.

At the end of the level line at 373K , all of the liquid has been changed into ________ .

11.

At the graph from 373K to 473K , water is in the form of ______ and the temperature ___________ when heat is supplied.

12.

When there is cooling, the reverse process occurs. Latent heat of _________ and latent heat of ___________ will be released.

13.

Since the heat energy supplied during the change in phase __________ detected by a thermometer, this type of heat is referred to as ____________. Therefore, the change of state is an 'energy change ________________________ change' phenomenon.

14.

Complete the diagrams below and summarized. Temperature (a) Melting

Time .

(b) Boiling

Temperature

. Time .

(c) Solidification Temperature

Time

(d) Condensation

Temperature

Time .

Specific Latent Heat of Fusion 1. is the heat absorbed by a melting solid. The specific latent heat of fusion is the quantity of the heat needed to change 1kg of solid to a liquid at its melting point without any increase in .. The S.I unit of the specific latent heat of fusion is Jkg-1.

ice
2. 3. 4.

water

This condition occurs at the ______________ of the solid. For example, 336000J of heat is required to change 1Kg of ice at 0C. Therefore the latent heat of fusion, L for ice is 336 000 JKg-1. When liquid ___________ , the specific latent heat of __________ will be released. This condition occurs at the freezing limit of a liquid. For example, when 1 Kg of water at 0C solidifies to become 1 Kg of ice of 0C, 336 000 J of heat are released.

5.

If m Kg of solid or liquid is involved, the quantity, Q of heat absorbed or released is Q = mL where; Q = quantity of heat that is absorbed or released m = mass of substance L = latent heat of fusion

Spcific Latent Heat of Vaporisation 1. ... is heat of vaporisation is heat absorbed during boiling.

The specific latent heat of vaporisation is the quantity of heat needed to change 1kg of liquid into gas or vapour of its boiling point without any change in .. The S.I unit is Jkg-1.

2. If m Kg of liquid or water vapour is involved, the quantity of heat, Q absorbed or released is Q = ml Q = ___________ that is absorbed or released. m = ___________ of the substance l = specific ____________ of vaporization 3. The list below show the specific latent heat of vaporization for a few substances : i. Methylated spirit - 1.12 X 10^3 ii. Mercury - 2.72 X 10^2 iii. Water - 2.26 X 10^6

water

gas

4.

Explain the application of Specific Latent Heat above:

i. Steaming Food
The specific latent heat of vaporisation for water is ________ . Plates filled with food are able to absorb heat from the hot steam. The condensation of steam at the base of the plate releases a __________________________ and thus enables food such as cakes, fish, eggs and others to be steamed.

ii. Cooling drinks with cold water and ice

A glass of hot water can be cooled __________ by adding cold water or ice into it. During the melting of ice, a ________ quantity of specific latent heat is absorbed from the drink and this causes the drink towards a

temperature that approaches the ___________ limit of ice. Ice absorbs a large quantity of ____________ during the process of melting.

iii. Extinguishing fire by using boiling water

Water that is quickly boiled will become steam which is able to absorb a larger quantity of _________ from the fire.

iv. Melting Ice on the road by using Salt

It is known that the specific latent heat of fusion of salt is __________ than of ice. Therefore, when salt is put on the road - having a thick layer of ice, salt will require _____ heat energy and absorb energy from the ice. Therefore, Ice will melt.

EXERCISE 4.3 Section A: 1. The graph in figure below shows how the temperature of some wax changes as it cools from liquid to solid. Which section of the graph would the wax be a mixture of solid and liquid?

A. B. C. D. 2.

PQ QR RS ST 3.

A. The time taken for the ice to melt B. The voltage of the electricity supply C. The mass of water produced by melting ice D. The temperature change of the ice.

Figure show a joulemeter used for measuring the electrical energy to melt some ice in an experiment. To find the specific latent heat of fusion of ice, what must be measured?

It is possible to cook food much faster with a pressure cooker as shown above. Why is it easier to cook food using a pressure cooker?

specific latent heat of fusion of ice. A control of the experiment is set up as shown in Figure (a) with the aim of

A. More heat energy can be supplied to the pressure cooker B. Heat loss from the pressure cooker can be reduced. C. Boiling point of water in the pressure cooker is raised D. Food absorbs more heat energy from the high pressure steam 4. Which of the following is not a characteristics of water that makes it widely used as a cooling agent? A. Water is readily available B. Water does not react with many other substance C. Water has a large specific heat capacity D. Water has a large density

A. determining the rate of melting of ice B. ensuring that the ice does not melt too fast. C. determining the average value of the specific latent heat of fusion of ice. D. determining the mass of ice that melts as a result of heat from the surroundings 6. Scalding of the skin by boiling water is less serious then by steam. This is because A. the boiling point of water is less than the temperature of steam B. the heat of boiling water is quickly lost to the surroundings C. steam has a high specific latent heat. D. Steam has a high specific heat capacity.

5.

Figure below shows the experiment set up to determine the

SECTION B: Answer the question by showing the calculation 1. 300g of ice at 00C melts. How much energy is required for this

Question 2-7 are based on the following information 2. Specific heat capacity of water = 4 200 J kg-1 C-1 Specific heat capacity of ice = 2 100 J kg-1 C-1 Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.34 X 105J kg-1 Specific latent heat of vaporization of water = 2.26 X 10 6 J kg-1 An immersion heater rated at 500 W is fitted into a large block of ice at 00C. How long does it take to melt 1.5kg of ice?

3.

300 g of water at 40 0C is mixed with x g of water at 80 0C. The final temperature of the mixture is 700C. Find the value of x

4.

Calculate the amount of heat released when 2 kg of ice at 0 0C is changed into water at 00C.

5.

Calculate the amount of heat needed to convert 3 kg of ice at 0 0C to water at 300C.

6.

Find the amount of heat needed to convert 0.5 kg of ice at 15 0C into steam at 1000C

7.

Calculate the amount of heat needed to convert 100 g of ice at 0 0C into steam at 1000C.