Drilling Bits Salam

Kayfa Haluk
Drilling Bits
CASING
Introduction
Drilling bits selection is crucial to the performance of all drilling projects. Understanding the different types of bits and their respective applications is a pre-requisite to bit selection. Not only the right bit in the right application but also running it with the right operating parameters. Well engineers must stay abreast of the latest developments to ensure optimum bit selection.
Bit Types
Bit Types
Drill Bits
Fixed Cutter
Roller Cone
PDC
Diamond
Mill Tooth
Insert
Natural Diamond
Courtesy of
TSP
Impregnated
Diamond
Roller Bearing
Journal Bearing
PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact)

Use artificially made diamonds Run successfully with downhole motors
Fixed Cutter Drill Bits
Roller Cone
PDC
Diamond
Mill Tooth
Insert
Natural Diamond
Courtesy of
TSP
Impregnated
Diamond
Roller Bearing
Journal Bearing
PDC bit: Elements

5 1 3 1. synthetic diamond cutters 2 2. support structures for the cutters 3. gauge protection inserts 4. Depth of cut limiters 5. nozzles.
Steel / Tungsten Carbide

Courtesy of
PDC bit: Body Material

Steel body in one piece
High precision simple repair no weld
Tungsten Carbide matrix on steel shell

Erosion resistant
PDC bit: Cutting Elements

19 mm 16 mm 13 mm 11 mm 8 mm
BLADE
PDC CUTTER
Courtesy of
Natural Diamond
Drill Bits
Fixed Cutter
Roller Cone
PDC
Diamond
Mill Tooth
Insert
Natural Diamond
Courtesy of
TSP
Impregnated
Diamond
Roller Bearing
Journal Bearing
Diamond Bit Profiles

Taper or Double cone Parabolic Shallow cone
Soft formation=>
=>
=>
=>
=> Hard formation

(More diamond coverage) Low ROP
Diamond bit : Design

Size and spacing of diamonds determines its use
Widely spaced diamonds : large pieces of soft sand and shale Medium spacing of large diamonds: wide range of sand, shale , limestone Smaller diamonds set in close pattern: hard formations
Natural Diamond bit: Elements

Natural Diamonds = hardest mineral But brittle and Temp dependant
Fluid circulation important
No cone , operates like a single unit Sensitive to shock and variation
Courtesy of
TSP (Thermally Stable Polycrystalline)

Drill Bits
Fixed Cutter
Roller Cone
PDC
Diamond
Mill Tooth
Insert
Natural Diamond
Courtesy of
TSP
Impregnated
Diamond
Roller Bearing
Journal Bearing
Cutting Elements - TSP

TSP
Courtesy of
Impregnated Diamond
Drill Bits
Fixed Cutter
Roller Cone
PDC
Diamond
Mill Tooth
Insert
Natural Diamond
Courtesy of
TSP
Impregnated
Diamond
Roller Bearing
Journal Bearing
Impregnated Diamond: Blades

Bit Blade Matrix
Formation: medium hard to very hard, ABRASIVE! Impregnated cutting element. Distributed in a tungsten carbide matrix. During heating (furnace) the Segments are bonded to the bit body.
Diamond Grit
Courtesy of
Cutting Elements - Impregnated

Impregnated Diamond Blades
Courtesy of
ROLLER CONE
Drill Bits
Alternative Names
Fixed Cutter Roller Cone
Rock Bit Tri-Cone
PDC
Diamond
Mill Tooth
Insert
Natural Diamond
Courtesy of
TSP
Impregnated
Diamond
Roller Bearing
Journal Bearing
Basic Types Of Roller Cone Bits
Tooth Bits Mill Tooth Bits
Insert Bits Tungsten Carbide Bits Button Bits
Roller Cone Components

Nose Cone #3 Gauge Row Heel Row Shirttail Cone #1 Inner Row Cone #2 Lug
Nozzle Pin Bit Body
Roller cone bits: Nozzles

SHROUDED TYPE
STANDARD TYPE
Mill Tooth Bits

Drill Bits
Fixed Cutter
Roller Cone
PDC
Diamond
Mill Tooth
Insert
Natural Diamond
Courtesy of
TSP
Impregnated
Diamond
Roller Bearing
Journal Bearing
Cutting Elements Mill Tooth

Teeth and Hardfacing
Courtesy of
Insert Bits
Drill Bits
Fixed Cutter
Roller Cone
PDC
Diamond
Mill Tooth
Insert
Natural Diamond
Courtesy of
TSP
Impregnated
Diamond
Roller Bearing
Journal Bearing
Cutting Elements - Insert

Tungsten Carbide Inserts
Courtesy of
Tricone Bit - Roller Bearing

Drill Bits
Fixed Cutter
Roller Cone
PDC
Diamond
Mill Tooth
Insert
Natural Diamond
Courtesy of
TSP
Impregnated
Diamond
Roller Bearing
Journal Bearing
Roller Cone Bearing Systems

Main Bearings Retention Bearings Seals
Roller Bearing Bit
Journal Bearing Bit
Tricone Bit - Roller Bearing
Main Bearing Retention Bearing Thrust Bearing Pin Bearing
Courtesy of
Tricone Bit - Journal Bearing

Drill Bits
Fixed Cutter
Roller Cone
PDC
Diamond
Mill Tooth
Insert
Natural Diamond
Courtesy of
TSP
Impregnated
Diamond
Roller Bearing
Journal Bearing
Tricone Bit - Journal Bearing
Main Bearing Retention Bearing Thrust Bearing Pin Bearing
Rock Failure Mechanisms
Failure Mechanisms
Failure Mechanisms
Shear Failure
PDC BIT
CONTINUOUS SHEARING
Compressive Failure
ROLLER CONE BIT
CYCLIC COMPRESSION
Courtesy of
Drilling Mechanisms
Shear/Compressive Failure
NATURAL DIAMOND OR IMPREG BIT

CONTINUOUS CRUSHING & ABRASION
Courtesy of
Drilling Mechanisms vs Bit Type
Scraping
Mill Tooth
Chipping and Crushing Insert Shearing Ploughing / Grinding PDC Natural/Impregnated Diamond
Courtesy of
IADC Bit Classification
IADC Classification Roller Cone

517G
Cutting Structure Series
Soft Formations w ith Low Compressive Strength and High Drillability STEEL Medium to Medium TOOTH Hard Formations w ith BITS High Compressive Strength Hard Semi-Abrasive and Abrasive Formations Soft Formations w ith Low Compressive Strength and High Drillability Soft to Medium Formations w ith Low Compressive Strength INSERT Medium Hard BITS Formations w ith High Compressive Strength Hard Semi-Abrasive and Abrasive Formations Extremely Hard and Abrasive Formations
Cutting Structure Type (1 to 4)

1 refers to the softest formation in a particular Series and 4 refers to the hardest formation within the Series
Bearing/Gauge Description
Standard Roller Bearing Roller Bearing Air Cooled Roller Bearing Gauge Protected Sealed Roller Bearing Sealed Roller Brg Gauge Protected Sealed Friction Bearing Sealed Frction Brg Gauge Protected
Features Available (Optional)

A - Air Application B - Special Bearing Seal C - Center Jet D - Deviation Control E - Extended Nozzles G - Gauge/Body Protection H - Horizontal Steering Appl. J - Jet Deflection L - Lug Pads M - Motor Application S - Standard Steel Tooth T - Two Cone Bit W - Enhanced Cutting Structure X - Predominantly Chisel Tooth Insert Y - Conical Tooth Insert Z - Other Shape Insert
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8-1/2 EHP 51
Ref: SPE 23937 The IADC Roller Bit Classification System
IADC Classification Fixed Cutter

M432
Body Material Steel or Matrix. Cutter Density PDC: 1 to 4, diamond bits: 6 to 8 (the lower the number, the lighter set the bit).
12-1/4 DS66H
Cutter Size/Type For PDC cutter, 1 indicates >24 mm, 2 is between 14 and 24 mm, 3 is between 8 and 14 mm and 4 is smaller than 8. For diamond bits, 1 represents natural diamond, 2 is for TSP, 3 is a combination of natural diamond and TSP and 4 is for impregnated. Profile The final digit indicates the general body style and varies from 1 (flat profile) to 4 (long flanked turbine style).
Fixed cutter IADC codes are intended only to provide a means for characterizing the general physical appearance of fixed cutter drill bits. Unlike the IADC classification for roller bits, these codes do not represent an application guideline.
Ref: SPE 23940 Development of a New IADC Fixed Cutter Drill Bit Classification System
IADC Codes
Tooth Soft 1 1-1
2 3
1-3
2-1 Hard
IADC Codes
Tooth Soft 1 Insert 4 5 6 7 Hard 8
4-1
2 3
8-3
IADC Codes
Tooth Soft 1 Insert 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hard 8 PDC
IADC Codes
Tooth Soft 1 Insert 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hard 8 Diamond PDC
IADC Codes
Tooth Soft 1 Insert 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hard 8 Impregnated Diamond Diamond PDC
IADC Bit Dull Grading Code

The International Association of Drilling Contractors has developed a standard methodology for describing used bits. This information is essential for detailed bit performance analysis. The methodology is composed of an 8 character code that describes bit wear and the reason why the bit was pulled.
Cutting Structure INNER ROWS OUTER ROWS DULL CHAR LOCATION B BRNG/ SEALS G GAUGE 1/16 Remarks OTHER CHAR REASON PULLED

The cutting structure is graded from 0 to 8 depending on the proportion of cutting structure lost (0 = Intact, 8 = 100% worn). Fixed Cutter Bits
0
Inner Cutting Structure (All Inner Rows)
Roller Cone Bits

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Cone 1
Outer Cutting Structure (Gauge Row Only)
Cone 3
Ref : Reed Hycalog PDC & Roller Cone Product Technology Reference Information
Cone 2

Fixed Cutter Bits

BF - Bond Failure BT - Broken Cutters BU - Balled Up CT - Chipped Cutters ER - Erosion HC - Heat Checking JD - Junk Damage LN - Lost Nozzle LT - Lost Cutter NR - Not Rerunable PN - Plugged Nozzle RG - Rounded Gauge RO - Ring Out RR - Rerunable SS - Self Sharpening Wear TR - Tracking WO - Washed Out Bit WT - Worn Cutters NO - No Dull Characteristics
Roller Cone Bits

*BC - Broken Cone BF - Bond Failure BT - Broken Teeth/Cutters BU - Balled Up Bit *CC - Cracked Cone *CD - Cone Dragged CI - Cone Interference CR - Cored CT - Chipped Teeth/Cutters ER - Erosion FC - Flat Crested Wear HC - Heat Checking JD - Junk Damage *LC - Lost Cone LN - Lost Nozzle LT - Lost Teeth/Cutters OC - Off-Center Wear PB - Pinched Bit PN - Plugged Nozzle/Flow Passage RG - Rounded Gauge RO - Ring Out SD - Shirttail Damage SS - Self Sharpening Wear TR - Tracking WO - Washed Out Bit WT - Worn Teeth/Cutters NO - No Dull Characteristic * Show Cone under Location 4
Note that this is for the Primary dull characteristics.
Fixed Cutter Main Wear Characteristics

POST OR STUD CUTTERS
NO WEAR (NO) WORN CUTTER (WT) BROKEN CUTTER (BT) LOST CUTTER (LT) BOND FAILURE (BF) EROSION (ER)
CYLINDER CUTTERS
NO WEAR (NO)
WORN CUTTER (WT)
BROKEN CUTTER (BT)
LOST CUTTER (LT)
BOND FAILURE (BF)
Courtesy of
Dull Characteristics Some Examples

Fixed Cutter Bits
BU - Balled Up

Roller Cone Bits
*BC - Broken Cone BF - Bone Failure BT - Broken Teeth/Cutters BU - Balled Up Bit *CC - Cracked Cone *CD - Cone Dragged CI - Cone Interference CR - Cored CT - Chipped Teeth/Cutters ER - Erosion FC - Flat Crested Wear HC - Heat Checking JD - Junk Damage *LC - Lost Cone LN - Lost Nozzle LT - Lost Teeth/Cutters OC - Off-Center Wear PB - Pinched Bit PN - Plugged Nozzle/Flow Passage RG - Rounded Gauge RO - Ring Out SD - Shirttail Damage SS - Self Sharpening Wear TR - Tracking WO - Washed Out Bit WT - Worn Teeth/Cutters NO - No Dull Characteristic * Show Cone under Location 4
Ref : IADC Drilling Manual Eleventh Edition
BU Balled Up Bit (primary) CD Cone Dragged (secondary)

Fixed Cutter Bits
CT Chipped Cutter

Fixed Cutter Bits
LT Lost Cutter

Roller Cone Bits
BT Broken Teeth/Cutters

Fixed Cutter Bits
RO Ring Out

Roller Cone Bits
JD Junk Damage

Fixed Cutter Bits
WT Worn Cutters

Roller Cone Bits
SD - Shirttail Damage

Roller Cone Bits
TR - Tracking

Roller Cone Bits
SS Self Sharpening Wear

Roller Cone Bits
ER Erosion

Fixed Cutter Bits
Roller Cone Bits N - Nose Row M - Middle Row G - Gauge Row A - All Rows
Cone 1, 2 or 3
C - Cone N - Nose T - Taper S - Shoulder G - Gauge


Fixed Cutter Bits This box is for roller cone bits. Fixed cutter bits will always be designated by "X".
Roller Cone Bits Non Sealed Bearings A linear scale estimating bearing life used. (0 -No life used, 8 - All life used, i.e., no bearing life remaining.) Sealed Bearings E - Seals Effective F - Seals Failed N - Not Able to Grade

For all Bits The letter I is used to designate bits that are in gauge. If the bit is under gauge, the amount is recorded to the nearest 1/16 of an inch. For example, if the bit is 1/8 under gauge, this is reported as 2/16 or often only as 2.

This is for the Secondary dull char. and it uses the same codes as for the Primary dull char.
Fixed Cutter Bits

Roller Cone Bits


For All Bits

BHA - Change Bottom Hole Assembly DMF - Down hole Motor Failure DSF - Drill String Failure DST - Drill Stem Test DTF - Down hole Tool Failure RIG - Rig Repair CM - Condition Mud CP - Core Point DP - Drill Plug FM - Formation Change HP - Hole Problems HR - Hours PP - Pump Pressure PR - Penetration Rate TD - Total Depth/Casing Point TQ - Torque TW - Twist Off WC - Weather Conditions WO - Washout -DrillString
Key to Dull Bit Grading: Grade a Lot of Dulls !
Photo courtesy of
BIT RECORD
To be filled up at wellsite
Well : Date : Bit Data
BIT RECORD
Run Data Bit life
O D
Grading
Dull L B E X X G O R
BHA Bit Size Bit type Serial IADC Nozzles Depth Depth Drilling ROP Bit krevs WOB No. No. (inch) & maker Number Code (1/32") IN (m) OUT (m) Time (m/hr)(drilling) (Klbs) 3 x 18, 1 1 1 16 T11C L15264 115 15 420 18.04 22.45 151.50 10-25 x 16 2 2RR 12 1/4 DSX113 204556 PDC 8 x 13 420 422 0.50 4.00 1.22 2-10 4 2RR2 12 1/4 DSX113 204556 PDC 8 x 13 1408 1714 16.54 18.50 119.09 25-35
Rot Flow Press Inc Mud Total Total Total (RPM) (GPM) (psi) (deg) SG mtr hrs krevs I 120 60 120 820 680 820 1450 0 1.07 405 2 308 18.04 0.50 17.04 152 1 120 0 0 1
1 WT A 1 WT S 3 WT A
I NO TD I CTBHA I PN TD
1000 0.00 1.15 1900 1.00 1.19
BHA nb does not always = bit nb Drilling time = bit time on bottom ( Mud loggers) Krevs = 1000 bit revolution ( Mud loggers)
Drilling Parameters vs Bit Performance
Bit performance
Main function: ROP and longevity Drilling fluid is circulated through passageways in the bit to remove cuttings and apply hydraulic power to improve ROP ROP is a function of WOB, RPM, mud properties and hydraulic efficiency
Chip Formation
Tooth load overcomes rock compressive strength, generates crater Scraping helps to remove chips from craters.
Cutter
Borehole pressure causes chip hold down effect
Formation
Courtesy of
ROP vs Overbalance
Data based on 7-7/8 bit with 30 klbs at 60 RPM
Courtesy of
Chip Removal
Removal of chips is required to allow for new chip formation Hydraulics help to remove chips
Cutter
Formation
72
Courtesy of
WOB (Weight on Bit) Response
CHIP CREATION
CHIP REMOVAL
ROP
0 0
Courtesy of
WEIGHT on BIT
RPM Response
CHIP CREATION
CHIP REMOVAL
ROP
0 0
Courtesy of
RPM
Effects of Offset or Skew
Reduced Offset
0 - 2 Reduced Gage Scraping More Durable Slower Drilling Abrasive / Hard Formations
Courtesy of
Increased Offset
3 - 5 Increased Gage Scraping Less Durable Faster Drilling Soft / Sticky Formations
Cone Profiles
Flat Cone Profile

Minimum Bottom Scraping More Durable Slower Drilling Abrasive / Hard Formations
Round Cone Profile

Increased Bottom Scraping Less Durable Faster Drilling Soft / Sticky Formations
Tooth Cutter Design
Faster Drilling Less Durable
Slower Drilling More Durable
Insert Cutter Design

HP51 HP83
Cutting Structure Comparisons

EHP41H HP83
Tooth & Insert Cutter Designs

Soft Formation
Fewer Teeth Longer Teeth Bigger Teeth Sharper Teeth Sharp Profile Fracture-Resistant Tooth Material
Hard Formation
More Teeth Shorter Teeth Smaller Teeth Duller Teeth Rounded teeth Flat Profile Wear-Resistant Tooth Material Slower Drilling More Durable
Bit Selection
Bit Application Spectrum

PDC
Penetration Rate
Mill Tooth Insert
Impreg & Natural Diamond
Formation Compressive Strength

Courtesy of
DP
Bit Selection Process
Which One ?
Courtesy of
Bit Selection - PDC

Advantages
Very Fast ROP Long Life Potential
Considerations
Impact Damage Abrasiveness Stability
Courtesy of
Bit Selection Tooth Bit

Advantages
Fast ROP Good Stability Economic
Considerations
Tooth Wear Rate Bearing Life
Courtesy of
Bit Selection Insert Bits

Advantages
Cutting Structure Durability Range of Formations Interbed Tolerance Steerability and Stability
Considerations
Slower ROP Bearing Life
Courtesy of
Bit Selection Natural & Impreg Diamond Bits

Advantages
Very Durable Hard Rock Capability Low Junk-in-Hole Risk
Considerations
Slower ROP RPM Sensitivity High Cost Applications
Courtesy of
Gauging Procedures for 3-Cone Bits

Smith 3-Cone Bits are designed to have minimum gauge contact. By use of suitable gauge cutting structure design and materials, the minimum gauge configuration improves penetration rates whilst maintaining full size hole. Only the cutting elements (teeth or inserts) contact, while the cone shell steel is held away from the hole wall. This means that unless the gauge cutting elements are lined up with the gauge contact point on any gauge ring, the bit will measure slightly smaller than it actually is. This is particularly true of aggressive insert bits which have a lighter set gauge and large offset. Gauging a 3-cone bit, either sharp or dull, requires some care and should be carried out as follows:
Gap
1. Only use a calibrated 3-cone gauge ring measuring the nominal bit size. 2. Turn the bit on its pin and rotate all the cones to their maximum gauge point so that a gauge tooth or insert lines up at this point. 3. Place the gauge ring over the bit at the maximum gauge points. 4. Pull the ring gauge tight against the gauge elements on two cones. 5. Measure any gap at the free cone. This is not the the correct value for gauge wear. 6. To calculate the actual gauge wear you must multiply the gap distance by 2/3 (two thirds). For example: if measured gap is 3/16 then multiply by 2/3 giving 2/16 under-gauge. 7. Record the bit as being either in gauge or the amount under-gauge. Although IADC say to use an I for in gauge, we recommend using a 0 (zero) to avoid the confusion between an I and a 1.
Important points to note: A 3-Cone bit can be built larger than nominal size because of the plus tolerance allowed, but a new bit can never be undergauge (due to the required cutting structure clearances). To gauge a new bit you must use a 3-cone ring gauge that measures the nominal bit size plus API tolerance (see table). You CANNOT use a PDC ring gauge to gauge a 3-cone bit and vice versa. On those Smith 3-Cone bits that feature the OD diamond enhanced heel row inserts (e.g. MSDGHOD), these bits are designed and built so that these inserts actively cut gauge at the maximum gauge point. Therefore, if the gauge cutting elements are worn and undergauge, then regauge the bit on the heel row inserts. The manufacturing locations of Smith 3-Cone bits are all ISO Certified (ISO 9001).
Maximum gauge point API Sizes for New Bits Bit Size
26
23 17.5 16 12.25 8.5 6
API Roller Cone Bit Tolerances Bit Size

3-3/8 to 13-3/4 14 to 17.5 17-5/8 and larger
Actual Size
Tolerance
+1/32, -0 +1/16, -0 +3/32, -0
Min.
26.000 23.000 17.500 16.000 12.250 8.500 6.000
Max.
26.094 23.094 17.562 16.062 12.281 8.531 6.031
Gauging Procedures for PDC Bits

Gauging a PDC bit, either sharp or dull, requires some care and should be carried out as follows: 1. Only use a calibrated PDC No-Go gauge ring. 2. Turn the bit on its pin. 3. Place the No-Go gauge ring over the bit - it should stop at the gauge skimmer/gauge pads 4. If the No-Go PDC gauge ring will not pass over the entire gauge area of the bit then the bit is in gauge. 5. If the No-Go gauge ring will pass then place the ring gauge at the gauge pads and pull hard to one side. 6. Measure the gap in 1/16 at the point opposite the point of contact between ring gauge and gauge pad. 7. Record the bit as being either in gauge or the amount under-gauge. Although IADC say to use an I for in gauge, we recommend using a 0 (zero) to avoid the confusion between an I and a 1.
No-Go gauge ring pulled hard against gauge pad.
PDC Bit
No-Go ring gauge
Measure the gap here in 1/16 and record
Important points to note: A PDC bit can be built slightly smaller than nominal size because of the negative tolerance allowed, but a new bit should never be overgauge. To gauge a bit you must use a PDC No-Go ring gauge that measures the nominal bit size minus API tolerance (see table). You CANNOT use a 3-cone ring gauge to gauge a PDC bit and vice versa. The manufacturing locations of Smith PDC bits are all ISO Certified (ISO 9001).
API PDC Bit Tolerances Bit Size
6 3/4 and smaller 6 25/32 and including 9 9 1/32 and including 13 3/4
Tolerance
-0.015 to + 0 -0.020 to + 0 -0.030 to + 0
13 25/32 and including 17 1/2 -0.045 to + 0 17 17/32 and larger -0.063 to + 0
Bi-center Bit
Casing / Drift Diameter Bit Center Hole Center Drill Diameter Bit Center
Pilot Diameter
Tripping through Casing / During Drill out
Drilling Ahead
Drill Out Mode

During drill out, drift & drill bits rotate around the drift axis The drift axis is at the geometric center of the reamer
Drilling Ahead
When drilling ahead, drift & drill bits rotate around the drill axis The drill axis is defined as the center of the pilot section, and is also the center of the bit connection / shank
Quad-D Nomenclature
12 1/4 x 14 3/4 QDS41PX
Drift Diameter Drill Diameter Enhanced Gage Protection
(standard on all steel bits)
QDS: QUAD-D Steel Bit QDM: QUAD-D Matrix Bit QDG: QUAD-D Reamer
Number Range Cutter Size 02-07 6mm 08-27 9mm 28X 11mm 29-59 13mm 60-81 16mm 82-97 19mm 98X 22mm 99X 25mm
9 7/8
Drill Diameter Drift Diameter
8 1/2
Dual Diameter Reamer Geometry

Pilot Conditioning Section Diameter = 6 3/4
6 1/2
Pilot Bit Diameter
8 1/2 x 9 7/8 QDG76 example

Pilot Bit = 6 1/2 Diameter

Drilling Bits Salam

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Drilling Bits Salam

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Kayfa Haluk

PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact)

PDC bit: Elements

Steel / Tungsten Carbide

PDC bit: Body Material

Tungsten Carbide matrix on steel shell

PDC bit: Cutting Elements

Diamond Bit Profiles

=> Hard formation

Diamond bit : Design

Natural Diamond bit: Elements

No cone , operates like a single unit Sensitive to shock and variation

TSP (Thermally Stable Polycrystalline)

Cutting Elements - TSP

Impregnated Diamond: Blades

Cutting Elements - Impregnated

Rock Bit Tri-Cone

Basic Types Of Roller Cone Bits

Tooth Bits Mill Tooth Bits

Insert Bits Tungsten Carbide Bits Button Bits

Roller Cone Components

Nozzle Pin Bit Body

Roller cone bits: Nozzles

Mill Tooth Bits

Cutting Elements Mill Tooth

Cutting Elements - Insert

Tricone Bit - Roller Bearing

Roller Cone Bearing Systems

Roller Bearing Bit

Journal Bearing Bit

Tricone Bit - Roller Bearing

Main Bearing Retention Bearing Thrust Bearing Pin Bearing

Tricone Bit - Journal Bearing

Tricone Bit - Journal Bearing

Main Bearing Retention Bearing Thrust Bearing Pin Bearing

Rock Failure Mechanisms

NATURAL DIAMOND OR IMPREG BIT

Drilling Mechanisms vs Bit Type

IADC Bit Classification

IADC Classification Roller Cone

Cutting Structure Type (1 to 4)

Features Available (Optional)

Ref: SPE 23937 The IADC Roller Bit Classification System

IADC Classification Fixed Cutter

IADC Bit Dull Grading Code

IADC Bit Dull Grading Code

IADC Bit Dull Grading Code

Roller Cone Bits

Outer Cutting Structure (Gauge Row Only)

IADC Bit Dull Grading Code

Fixed Cutter Bits

Roller Cone Bits

Note that this is for the Primary dull characteristics.

Fixed Cutter Main Wear Characteristics

WORN CUTTER (WT)

BROKEN CUTTER (BT)

LOST CUTTER (LT)

BOND FAILURE (BF)

Dull Characteristics Some Examples

Dull Characteristics Some Examples

Ref : IADC Drilling Manual Eleventh Edition

BU Balled Up Bit (primary) CD Cone Dragged (secondary)

Dull Characteristics Some Examples