8/03/2012

COMPARISON OF 11 kV BUSBAR PROTECTION SCHEMES

EEA APEX 11 | Northern Summit

Ritika Sinha(Presenter) Molly Dogra Power Systems Group (N.Nair@auckland.ac.nz) Electrical & Computer Engineering Department University of Auckland 5 October 2011

Presentation Overview

Objective Introduction Protection schemes Implementation Test bench setup Analysis Matrix Conclusions

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To compare bus protection schemes for a 11 kV busbar in Powercos substation Schemes to be compared:

Zone interlocking bus protection scheme Arc flash protection scheme IEC 61850 based GOOSE messaging

INTRODUCTION

Powerco: New Zealands 2nd largest gas and electricity distribution company Busbar: portion of a switchyard or switchgear that electrically interconnects a number of circuit breakers and switches

Copper Busbar

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BUSBAR FAULTS
Causes:
Insulation failure Arcing and Insulation flashover Incorrect handling of switching equipment

Leads to short circuiting of one or more phases Busbar faults can cause:
Damage to the neighboring equipments Damage to the generating units

Very high current faults

POWERCOS 11 KV BUSBAR CONFIGURATION Transformers

= Circuit Breaker

33kV /11kV Incoming Feeder Bus Bar Bus Coupler

= Location of faults = Current Transformer

Outgoing Feeder

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DIRECTIONAL ZONE INTERLOCKING BUS PROTECTION SCHEME

Trip logic for tripping of Bus 1

Trip logic for tripping of Bus 2

Bus blocking scheme for a dual source, sectionalised bus

ZONE INTERLOCKING BUS PROTECTION SCHEME

Incoming feeder

Simple interlocking bus protection scheme layout

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ARC FLASH BUS PROTECTION SCHEME

An arc flash occurs due the rapid release of energy due to an arcing fault occurring Arc-flash protection system consists of a network of light sensors placed all throughout the electrical network

Positioning of the sensors around the network

ZONE INTERLOCKED SCHEME WITH IEC 61850 BASED GOOSE MESSAGING

Network

IEC61850 GOOSE

All relays connected to network with unique IP addresses.

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TESTING OF PROTECTION SCHEMES- IMPLEMENTATION

Protection schemes were tested under lab conditions Constraints :

Low phase voltages Low phase currents Low fault currents Number of relays available injected in the relay

TEST BENCH SETUP

Computer

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PSS SINCAL

PSCAD
Used to simulate the busbar network Stored the fault current waveforms as playback file

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TEST BENCH SETUP

Real- Time Playback Waveform Generator

Computer

RTP- REAL TIME PLAYBACK WAVEFORM GENERATOR

Playbacks the fault current waveforms Generated waveforms are amplified using power amplifiers

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RELAYS
3 Phase currents were injected in the relay Monitors and picks up the overcurrent signal Issues commands and trips the circuit breaker according to the logic

TEST BENCH SETUP

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ANALYSIS FACTORS

The performance of a Bus protection scheme is judged based on the following criteria: Selectivity Security Speed Cost Complexity

SELECTIVITY

Selectivity of a protection scheme is measured by how accurately it activates the protection of a zone in which the fault has occurred Zone-interlocked schemes achieve selectivity by logic Bus protection systems generally require high levels of selectivity

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SECURITY

Security of a bus protection scheme is measured by how well the tripping of the bus in the event of an external fault is prevented Arc Flash Protection Scheme: High inherent security Zone-interlocked Protection: High inherent security

COST

Necessary to obtain the best protection for the minimum cost Arc Flash Protection scheme: additional cost of monitor and sensors Zone- interlocked scheme with GOOSE messaging cheaper than scheme without GOOSE messaging

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COMPLEXITY

The most significant aspects impacting scheme complexity are the number of active devices and connecting wires. Zone interlocked GOOSE messaging is least complex in comparison to arc flash protection and zone interlocked scheme without GOOSE messaging

SPEED

Arc Flash protection activated within 10ms Zone-interlocked scheme with and without GOOSE is activated within minimum 45ms

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RESULTS
Bus Protection Schemes Comparison
Zone Interlocked Bus Protection Arc Flash Protection Zone Interlocked Bus Protection with IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging High Moderate High Low Low

Selectivity Speed Security Cost Complexity

High Moderate High Moderate Moderate

Moderate High High High High

CONCLUSIONS

Reviewed the existing bus protection schemes Explored IEC 61850 enabled bus protection scheme Tested the schemes using UoA Lab Facilities Formulated a Comparison matrix for assessing the options

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Future Work

IEC61850 based GOOSE implementation between relay from different manufacturers Detailed cost analysis for implementing each scheme based on the size and current configuration of substation

Acknowledgements

Nick Bowe, HV Power

Usman Afzal and Stephen Chiu

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8/03/2012

COMPARISON OF 11 kV BUSBAR PROTECTION SCHEMES

EEA APEX 11 | Northern Summit

Ritika Sinha(Presenter) Molly Dogra Power Systems Group (N.Nair@auckland.ac.nz) Electrical & Computer Engineering Department University of Auckland 5 October 2011

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