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1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers austenitic and age-hardenable
stainless steel round spring wire intended especially for the
manufacture of springs.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to
be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text and
tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
specification.
1.3 Unless the order specifies an M designation, the
material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 555/A555M Specification for General Requirements for
Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods2
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products2
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)3
2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard:
J 1086 Numbering Metals and Alloys4
5. Manufacture
5.1 Types 302 Class 1, 304, 305, 316, 321, 347, and Grades
S20430 and XM-28 shall be cold drawn to produce the
required mechanical properties.
5.2 Type 631, Type 302 Class 2, and Grade XM-16 shall be
furnished in the cold-drawn condition ready for fabrication.
Following fabrication Type 631 and Grade XM-16 shall be age
or precipitation hardened to produce their maximum strength
properties. The tensile strengths to be obtained following the
prescribed heat treatment are shown in Table 2 and Table 3 for
hardened wire. Type 302 Class 2 shall be stress relieved
following fabrication and meet the requirements shown in
Table 4. The nominal as-drawn tensile strengths are provided
as a guide for the spring manufacturer.
3. Ordering Information
3.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this
specification. Such requirements may include, but are not
limited to the following:
3.1.1 Quantity (weight),
3.1.2 Name of material (stainless steel spring wire),
3.1.3 Finish (see 8.1),
3.1.4 Dimension (diameter),
3.1.5 Type designation (Table 1),
3.1.6 ASTM designation and date of issue,
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
6.2 Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis
required by this specification shall be in accordance with Test
Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.17 on Flat Stainless Steel Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originally
published as A 313 47 T. Last previous edition A 313/A 313M 95a.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
4
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096.
7. Mechanical Requirements
7.1 Tensile Properties:
7.1.1 Types 302 Class 1 and 304 shall conform to the
requirements shown in Table 5.
7.1.2 Types 305, 316, 321, and 347 shall conform to the
requirements shown in Table 6.
A 313/A 313M
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
UNS DesignationA
Composition,B %
Type
Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Silicon
Chromium
Nickel
Molybdenum
Nitrogen
Other Elements
Austenitic Grades
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
24100
30200
30400
30500
31600
32100
34700
XM-28
302
304
305
316
321
347
0.15
0.12
0.08
0.12
0.07
0.08
0.08
11.014.0
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
0.060
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
16.519.0
17.019.0
18.020.0
17.019.0
16.518.0
17.019.0
17.019.0
0.50 2.50
8.0 9.5
8.010.5
10.513.0
10.513.5
9.012.0
9.013.0
S 17700
S 45500
631
XM-16
0.09
0.05
1.00
0.50
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.030
1.00
0.50
16.018.0
11.012.5
6.50 7.8
7.50 9.5
S 20430
...
0.15
6.59.0
0.060
0.030
1.00
15.517.5
1.50 3.50
0.200.45
0.10
0.10
2.002.50
0.10
Ti 53C min
(Cb + Ta) 103C min
Age-Hardenable Grades
0.50 max
0.050.25
Al 0.751.50
Ti 0.801.40
Cu 1.502.50
(Cb + Ta) 0.100.50
Cu 2.04.0
New designations established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE J 1086, Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS).
B
Maximum unless range is shown.
[2035]
[2000]
[1965]
[1895]
[1860]
[1825]
[1770]
[1760]
[1690]
[1670]
[1640]
[1625]
[1585]
[1570]
[1560]
[1545]
[1530]
[1505]
[1470]
[1425]
[1400]
min
335
330
325
320
310
305
297
292
282
279
274
272
260
258
256
254
252
248
242
235
230
[2310]
[2275]
[2240]
[2205]
[2135]
[2100]
[2050]
[2015]
[1945]
[1925]
[1890]
[1875]
[1795]
[1780]
[1765]
[1750]
[1740]
[1710]
[1670]
[1620]
[1585]
max
365
360
355
350
340
335
327
322
312
309
304
302
290
288
286
284
282
278
272
265
260
[2515]
[2480]
[2450]
[2415]
[2345]
[2310]
[2255]
[2220]
[2150]
[2130]
[2095]
[2080]
[2000]
[1985]
[1970]
[1960]
[1945]
[1915]
[1875]
[1825]
[1795]
When wire is specified in straightened and cut lengths, the minimum tensile strength shall be 90 % of the values listed in the table.
Aged at 900F [482C] for 1 h and air cooled.
A 313/A 313M
TABLE 3 Tensile Strength Requirements for Grade XM-16A
Diameter, in. [mm]
245
235
225
220
215
210
200
195
190
180
[1690]
[1620]
[1550]
[1515]
[1480]
[1450]
[1380]
[1345]
[1310]
[1240]
min
320
310
305
295
290
285
278
272
265
260
[2205]
[2135]
[2100]
[2035]
[2000]
[1965]
[1915]
[1875]
[1825]
[1795]
max
350
340
335
325
320
315
308
302
295
290
[2415]
[2345]
[2310]
[2240]
[2205]
[2170]
[2125]
[2080]
[2035]
[2000]
When wire is straightened and cut lengths, the minimum tensile strength shall be 90 % of the values listed in the table.
Aged at 850F [454C] for 12h and air cooled.
ksi [MPa]
Diameter, in. [mm]
Cold Drawn
Nominal
290 000 [2000]
Stress RelievedA
min
max
8. Finish
8.1 Stainless steel spring wire is supplied with different
types of finish such as bright, copper, lead, oxide, and other.
Stress relieved at 800 to 850F [430 to 455C] for h and air cooled.
12
9. Keywords
9.1 austenitic stainless steel; precipitation hardening stainless steel; stainless steel spring wire
A 313/A 313M
TABLE 5 Tensile Strength Requirements for Types 302 Class 1 and 304A
ksi [MPa]
min
325
320
318
316
314
312
310
308
306
304
300
296
292
291
289
285
282
280
275
272
267
265
261
258
252
250
246
242
238
232
227
222
217
210
205
198
194
188
182
175
168
161
155
150
145
140
135
130
[2240]
[2205]
[2190]
[2180]
[2165]
[2150]
[2135]
[2125]
[2110]
[2095]
[2070]
[2040]
[2015]
[2005]
[1995]
[1965]
[1945]
[1930]
[1895]
[1875]
[1840]
[1825]
[1800]
[1780]
[1735]
[1725]
[1695]
[1670]
[1640]
[1600]
[1565]
[1530]
[1495]
[1450]
[1415]
[1365]
[1335]
[1295]
[1255]
[1205]
[1160]
[1110]
[1070]
[1035]
[1000]
[965]
[930]
[895]
When wire is specified in straightened and cut lengths, the minimum tensile strength shall be 90 % of the values listed in the table.
max
355
350
348
346
344
342
340
338
336
334
330
326
322
320
318
315
310
308
304
300
295
293
289
285
281
278
275
271
268
262
257
253
248
241
235
228
225
220
214
205
198
192
186
180
175
170
165
160
[2450]
[2415]
[2400]
[2385]
[2370]
[2360]
[2345]
[2330]
[2315]
[2300]
[2275]
[2250]
[2220]
[2205]
[2190]
[2170]
[2135]
[2125]
[2095]
[2070]
[2035]
[2020]
[1990]
[1965]
[1935]
[1915]
[1895]
[1870]
[1850]
[1805]
[1770]
[1745]
[1710]
[1660]
[1620]
[1570]
[1550]
[1515]
[1475]
[1415]
[1365]
[1325]
[1280]
[1240]
[1205]
[1170]
[1140]
[1105]
A 313/A 313M
TABLE 6 Tensile Strength Requirements for Types 305, 316, 321, and 347A
Diameter, in. [mm]
[0.38], incl
[0.61], incl
[1.04], incl
[1.19], incl
[1.37], incl
[1.57], incl
[1.83], incl
[2.03], incl
[2.34], incl
[2.67], incl
[3.05], incl
[3.76], incl
[4.22], incl
[4.50], incl
[5.26], incl
[5.72], incl
[6.35], incl
[7.92], incl
[9.53], incl
[12.70], incl
ksi [MPa]
min
245
240
235
235
230
225
220
215
210
205
200
195
185
180
170
160
155
150
140
135
130
125
max
[1690]
[1655]
[1620]
[1620]
[1585]
[1550]
[1515]
[1480]
[1450]
[1415]
[1380]
[1345]
[1275]
[1240]
[1170]
[1105]
[1070]
[1035]
[965]
[930]
[895]
[860]
275
270
265
265
260
255
250
245
240
235
230
225
215
210
200
190
185
180
170
165
160
155
[1895]
[1860]
[1825]
[1825]
[1790]
[1760]
[1725]
[1690]
[1655]
[1620]
[1585]
[1550]
[1480]
[1450]
[1380]
[1310]
[1275]
[1240]
[1170]
[1140]
[1105]
[1070]
When wire is specified in straightened and cut lengths, the minimum tensile strength shall be 90 % of the values listed in the table.
ksi [MPa]
325
320
318
316
314
312
310
308
306
304
300
296
292
289
286
282
277
273
270
265
260
255
250
240
230
215
200
185
160
[2240]
[2205]
[2195]
[2180]
[2165]
[2150]
[2135]
[2125]
[2110]
[2095]
[2070]
[2040]
[2015]
[1995]
[1970]
[1945]
[1910]
[1880]
[1860]
[1825]
[1795]
[1760]
[1725]
[1655]
[1585]
[1480]
[1380]
[1275]
[1105]
max
355
350
348
346
344
342
340
338
336
334
330
326
322
319
316
312
307
303
300
295
290
285
280
270
260
245
230
215
190
[2450]
[2415]
[2400]
[2385]
[2370]
[2360]
[2345]
[2330]
[2315]
[2305]
[2275]
[2250]
[2220]
[2200]
[2180]
[2150]
[2120]
[2090]
[2070]
[2035]
[2000]
[1965]
[1930]
[1860]
[1795]
[1690]
[1585]
[1480]
[1310]
min
max
230 [1585]
260 [1795]
215 [1480]
245 [1690]
A
When wire is specified in straightened and cut lengths, the minimum tensile
strength shall be 85 % of the values listed in the table.
incl
incl
incl
incl
0.102
0.145
0.212
0.250
0.350
[2.60]
[3.70]
[5.40]
[6.40]
[9.00]
A 313/A 313M
0.688 [17.50]
0.813 [20.50]
0.938 [24.00]
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the following supplementary requirements shall
apply when this specification is used in government procurement of Type 631 spring wire up to and
including 0.162 in. [4.11 mm] in diameter.
for a sufficient time to remove up to 1 % of the diameter. After
etching the surface of the wire specimen it shall be examined
under a 10 power microscope for splits, seams, pits, die marks,
scratches, or other imperfections tending to impair the fatigue
resistance of springs. Appropriate higher magnification should
be used for sizes below 0.125 in. [3.17 mm]. Lubricating
coatings, which are insoluble in acid etch solution, shall be
removed before etching.
A 313/A 313M
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with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
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if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
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views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.