Hi ngh khoa hc ton quc ln th hai v

S c v h hng cng trnh Xy dng

PHNG PHAP S DUNG VAT LIEU FRP
TRONG SA CHA VA GIA CO CONG TRNH
BE TONG COT THEP
TS. Ngo Quang Tng, i hc Bch khoa Tp. HCM
ThS. Vo Van Tuan, i hc Kin trc Tp. HCM
ABSTRACT: From the years of nineties, in the developed countries it has been
studied and applied a new method of using FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer)
materials for repairing and strengthening reinforced concrete. This new method
can help to utilize the advantages of high strength capacity of FRP materials.
More over, the easy application of this method has made it become an ideal
solution to choose when repairing and strengthening reinforced concrete
structures. In spite of a little disadvantage of pricing, this new method still highly
be recommended as it has much more advantages such as: easy and quick
application, high performance, no need to use coffer and to ruin concrete
structure, etc. Especially, it is usually used for constructions that required
characteristics of high water resistance and high resistance to corrosion.
1. GII THIEU CHUNG
Trc hien trang h hong nha va xuong cap cua cac
cay cau hien nay, viec nghien cu ve sa cha, cai tao,
nang cap cong trnh xay dng la van e rat can thiet.
Trong noi dung bao cao nay chung toi se trnh bay mot
giai phap mi e sa cha, gia co cong trnh be tong
cot thep: Phng phap s dung vat lieu FRP (Fiber
Reinforced Polymer) trong sa cha va gia co cong
trnh. Noi dung bao cao bao gom trnh bay s lc ve vat
lieu FRP, nguyen tac s dung va ng dung vat lieu FRP
trong sa cha va gia co cong trnh be tong cot thep,
cac phng phap thi cong vat lieu FRP e sa cha va gia
co ket cau be tong cot thep, phng phap tnh toan thiet
ke dam va cot gia co bang tam FRP.
2. S LC VE VAT LIEU FRP
- Vat lieu FRP - Fiber Reinforced Polymer la mot dang vat lieu
composite c che tao t cac vat lieu si, trong o co ba
loai vat lieu si thng c s dung la si carbon CFRP, si
thuy tinh GFRP va si aramid AFRP. ac tnh cua cac loai si
nay la co cng o chu keo rat cao, mo un an hoi
rat ln, trong lng nho, kha nang chong mai mon cao,
cach ien, chu nhiet tot, ben theo thi gian
Tang cng kha nang chu cat Gia co
san be tong cot thep
va chu uon cua dam bang
- Cac dang FRP dung trong xay dng thng co cac dang
nh: FRP dang tam, FRP dang thanh, FRP dang cap, FRP dang
vai, dang cuon Trong sa cha va gia co cong trnh xay
dng thng dung cac loai FRP dang tam va dang vai.
Hinh 1.
Quan he ng suat va bien dang vat lieu FRP
Dang tam Dang cuon Dang che tao san
Dang thanh Dang bang
- Trong xay dng, cac loai vat lieu FRP thng c s
dung nhat la cua cac hang san xuat: MBrace
TM
, Replark,
Sika, Tyfo
3. SA CHA, GIA CO CONG TRNH XAY DNG BANG
VAT LIEU FRP
Vi cac tnh
chat ke tren, ac biet la kha nang chu lc keo rat cao,
mo un an hoi rat ln, cac dang tam FRP, vai FRP
thng c dung e sa cha s giam kha nang chu
Tang cng kha nang Tang kha nang
chu lc,
chu uon cua cot chong no cho
tng
lc hoac h hong cua cac phan t ket cau bang cach
dan hoac boc ben ngoai cau kien.
Chung ta co the s dung vat lieu FRP trong nhng trng
hp sau ay:
- Tang kha nang chu cat va chu uon cua dam be tong
cot thep e sa cha, gia co va tang cng kha nang
chu tai ong.
- Tang cng kha nang chu uon cua san be tong cot
thep tai vung co mo men dng va mo men am.
- Tang kha nang chu uon va bo cot be tong cot thep
e tang cng kha nang chu lc va chu tai ong.
Trong ket cau be tong cot thep, oi vi tng be tong
nhe va tng khong co cot thep nh cac khoi xay gach,
vat lieu FRP cung chng minh li ch bang cach tang kha
nang chu cat va chu uon. Ngoai ra, oi vi ket cau
tng vat lieu FRP con co kha nang chong chay, no rat
tot.
Cac ket cau s dung FRP e tang cng kha nang chu
lc hoac sa cha h hong cung rat a dang nh: tng
cng BTCT, dam, cot, san b khoet lo, khoi xay, tam san,
be mat san va cac dang cong trnh khac nh dam san
cau, ong khoi, si lo, ng ham
Gia co sa cha dam Gia co sa cha dam bang
Gia co sa cha
bang cach boc vai FR cach dan cac tam FRP ay
dam bang tam FRP
Dan tam FRP gia co san Dan tam FRP di ay cau
Cot tron gia co, sa cha
be tong tang mo men theo cach an vuong goc
bang tam CFRP
Gia co cho tng gach Gia co lo thong tri mi
Gia co lo silo
bang tam FRP bang tam FRP
bang thanh FRP

Gia co tng chan Gia co ong khoi
Gia co ng ham
bang tam FRP bang tam FRP
bang tam FRP
4. CAC PHNG PHAP THI CONG SA CHA, GIA CO
KET CAU BANG TAM FRP
Muc ch cua cong tac thi cong sa cha gia co ket cau
be tong cot thep bang tam FRP la at tam FRP vao v tr
can tang cng kha nang chu lc vi hng si phu hp
vi phng chu lc e tan dung c kha nang chu keo
va o ben cua si FRP ong thi phai am bao cho tam
FRP khong b tach lp cung nh tach khoi be mat be
tong.
Thong thng viec thi cong dan tam FRP gom cac bc:
chuan b sa cha be mat be tong, sn lot tang cng
o bam dnh, tret phang be mat, phu keo hoac nha dan,
at tam dan len lp keo, ch lp keo kho vi thi gian
qui nh roi dan cac lp tiep theo, cuoi cung i cau
kien kho hoan toan th sn phu bao ve va tham my.
Hien nay pho bien nhat la hai phng phap thi cong oi
vi loai vat lieu tam (sheet) va vai (fabric) FRP: dan theo
phng phap kho (dry lay-up) va dan
theo phng phap t (wet lay-up).
4.1. Thi cong dan theo phng phap kho (dry lay-up):
Qua trnh thi cong dan tam FRP bang
phng phap kho co the chia lam tam
bc:
Bc 1: Chuan b be mat be tong
Trc khi gia co lap at tam FRP th be
mat be tong phai c x ly ky. S
nguyen ven cua he tong phu thuoc vao chat lng va
kha nang chu lc cua be tong u e
cho lien ket dan cua tam FRP va be
tong c am bao. Cac vet nt, cac
manh vun st me va cot thep b g
can phai c chu y trc khi thi
cong lap at tam FRP. Cac st me
va cac loai h hong khac can phai c loai bo va c
va lai vi cac loai va sa cha phu hp. Tat ca cac
vet nt co be rong ln hn 0,01in
(0,25mm) can phai c bm epoxy e
sa cha.
Bc 2: Sn lot ket cau can gia co.
Sn lot be mat be tong can gia co
bang cach dung co lan ngan hoac trung bnh.
Bc 3: Phu bot tret lam phang be mat.
Bot tret c tret bang cac bay cam
tay. Bot tret c s dung e lam
phang be mat va lap cac khuyet tat;
viec bao phu hoan toan th khong can
thiet. Bot tret co the tret len be
mat sn lot con t khong can i sn
kho.
Phu lp keo th
nhat
Phu bot tret lam
phang
Sn lot ket cau
Bc 4: Phu lp keo th nhat.
Keo c quet len be mat a c sn
lot va lam phang bang co lan. Thong
thng nen lan lp keo day khoang
15mil en 20mil tuy thuoc loai keo.
Lng keo s dung cung phu thuoc vao
tng loai FRP c s dung.
Bc 5: Dan tam FRP.
Tam FRP can c o va cat san trc khi at len be
mat can gia co. Tam FRP c at len be mat be tong
va c an nhe nhang vao lp keo dan. Trc khi lot lp
giay dan mat sau, dung con lan bang cao su lan theo
hng si cho keo de dang ngam vao cac si rieng re. Co
lan khong bao gi c lan theo hng vuong goc vi
hng si e tranh si co the b hong.
Bc 6: Phu lp keo th hai.
Lp keo th hai co the c phu len sau 30 phut ke t
khi at va lan tam FRP. en luc nay lp keo au tien a
rut het vao vao tam FRP. Lp keo th hai c quet len
tam FRP bang co lan c trung vi chieu day khoang 15mil
en 20mil.
Neo bang si thuy tinh Lap at neo si
thuy tinh
Neo bang bu long neo Neo bang
ban thep
4.2. Qua trnh thi cong dan tam FRP
theo kieu t (wet lay-up):
Dan tam FRP
Phu lp keo th hai
Phng phap dan tam FRP theo kieu t ve trnh t rat
giong vi phng phap kho. Tuy nhien phng phap t co
khac biet trong bc thoa keo nhung nha tam FRP.
Khi dan tam FRP bang phng phap t ta ch s dung
tam vai FRP dang kho cha tam nha. Tam FRP kho se
c tam am nha en khi bao hoa va c dan len be
mat be tong a c x ly ky.
u iem cua phng phap dan t la co the s dung cho
cau kien co kch thc ln (cot ng knh ln, mat ay
san, dan boc ba mat dam), lien ket gia lp FRP vi be
mat be tong cung nh lien ket gia cac tam FRP c
am bao hn, se t co trng hp b pha hoai lien ket.
Tuy nhien, khi dung phng phap dan t se s dung mot
lng keo dan rat ln nen thi gian i cho tam FRP kho
keo se lau hn lam cho thi gian thi cong keo dai hn. Qua
trnh thoa keo tam nha cho tam FRP co the s dung may
tam nha oi vi tam vai FRP co be rong ln hoac co
the dung phng phap thu cong bang tay oi vi tam FRP
co be rong nho. Cac bc tien hanh tng t nh phng
phap thi cong dan kho.
Sau ay la qua trnh dan tam FRP theo phng phap t:
Sau khi chuan b be mat, ch can Tam
nha vao tam FRP en khi
tien hanh lan keo len be mat be tong bao
hoa trc khi dan vao cot
Dan tam FRP a tam nha len be mat Sau khi
keo kho, tien hanh sn
be tong a c sn keo bao
ve be mat tam FRP
5. U IEM VA NHC IEM CUA PHNG PHAP
SA CHA, GIA CO BANG TAM FRP
5.1. u iem
u iem cua phng phap sa cha, gia co ket cau be
tong cot thep bang tam FRP c the hien ro hai mat
o la u iem cua vat lieu FRP va u iem cua phng
phap thi cong lap at tam FRP.
Nh tan dung c cac tnh chat u viet cua vat lieu FRP
nh kha nang chu lc va mo un an hoi rat cao, khoi
lng nhe, co tnh chong an mon cao, cach ien, cach
nhiet tot va ac biet co kha nang ong nhat lam viec
vi cac ket cau lam bang be tong, be tong cot thep,
thep, go a giup cho phng phap sa cha, gia co ket
cau bang tam FRP tr thanh mot giai phap chon la tot
khi chon phng an sa cha, gia co cong trnh. Mat khac,
do vat lieu FRP c san xuat a dang ve chung loai si
va c det theo nhieu dang khac nhau nen co the de
dang chon la chung loai FRP giup tiet kiem c vat lieu.
Ngoai ra, phng phap thi cong lap at tam FRP cung rat
de dang, khong oi hoi phai can thiet nhieu nhan cong,
may moc thiet b. Qua trnh thi cong dien ra nhanh chong, t
b chu y nen giai quyet c van e thi cong sa cha
khi cong trnh van ang hoat ong. Khoi lng gia co cung
rat nho, khong ang ke, cong trnh nhanh i vao hoat ong
sau khi sa cha, gia co.
Ngoai cac u iem tren, phng phap sa cha, gia co ket
cau be tong cot thep bang tam FRP con lam cho cau
kien can sa cha, gia co khong tang kch thc tiet
dien, khong lam thay oi en my quan cong trnh, khong
anh hng en cong nang s dung cua cong trnh.
Ket hp u iem cua vat lieu va u iem cua phng
phap thi cong a lam cho phng phap sa cha, gia co
ket cau be tong cot thep bang tam FRP vt troi hn cac
phng phap khac va tr thanh mot giai phap hang au
khi sa cha, gia co cong trnh.
5.2. Nhc iem
Hien nay, vat lieu FRP van con co gia thanh cao nen chi
ph khi s dung phng phap dan tam FRP s dung trong
cong tac sa cha, gia co cac cong trnh xay dng dan
dung van con tng oi cao hn cac phng phap boc ngoai
bang be tong cot thep hoac thep. Tuy nhien, trong cac
trng hp sa cha, gia co cau lai co kinh ph thap hn so
vi phng phap ng lc. Mot khuyet iem ang chu y
khi s dung phng phap dan tam FRP sa cha, gia co cho
cac cau kien be tong cot thep la van e pha hoai cua
lien ket keo dan va b pha hoai bi tia UV.
Tuy nhien, cac khuyet iem tren co the c khac phuc.
Trong thi gian ti gia thanh cua vat lieu FRP se giam
xuong do s cai tien trong cong nghe san xuat va nhu
cau s dung ngay cang tang. e ngan nga va giam
thieu van e pha hoai lien ket chung ta co the tien
hanh x ly ky be mat be tong, tnh toan thiet ke va
bo tr cac dang neo chong lai hien tng tach lp khi dan.
Viec khac phuc pha hoai cua tia UV co the c ngan
chan bang cac sn len be mat tam FRP mot lp sn ac
biet chong lai s pha hoai cua tia UV.
6.KHA NANG CHU UON CUA DAM BE TONG COT
THEP GIA CO BANG FRP
Phng phap tnh nay da theo ACI 318-85 (1999). Qua trnh
tnh toan thiet ke kha nang chu lc cua dam be tong
cot thep gia co bang FRP nh sau:
1. Bc th nhat: Tnh toan s bo chon so lp FRP
can thiet.
- Kha nang chu uon cua dam be tong cot thep cu:

,
_

2
a
d f A M
y s n

vi
b f
f A
a
c
y s
'
,85 0

va
9 0,
Neu u n
M M
th khong can gia co, neu u n
M M <
th can
phai gia co.
- Dien tch tam FRP can thiet e gia co:
fu
f
f
T
A
85 0,

vi
d
M M
T
n u
9 0,

Tnh toan so lp tam FRP:

f f
f
f
t w
A
n
; chon n
f
la so nguyen.
S o mat cat dam be tong cot thep gia co bang tam
FRP theo ACI 318-95 (1999)
2. Bc th hai: Tnh toan bien dang ban au ay
dam tai thi iem thi cong dan tam FRP.
- Xac nh trang thai lam viec cua be tong tai thi
iem thi cong dan tam FRP. Trong trng hp ip cr
M M <
be
tong ang lam viec trang thai nt (cracked) va neu
ip cr
M M
th be tong lam viec trang thai khong nt
(uncracked).
- Mo men nt cua dam be tong: m r cr
S f M
vi
'
,
c r
f f 5 7
va
2 h
I
S
g
m

- Bien dang ban au cua be tong tai mat di cua dam

trang thai nt:
( )
c cr
ip
bi
E I
kd h M

vi
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
b
A E E d A E E b A E E
kd
s c s s c s s c s
+

2
2
va
( )
( )
2
2 3
2 12
kd d A
E
E kd
bkd
kd
b I
s
c
s
cr
+
,
_

+
- Bien dang ban au cua dam be tong d ng lc
trang thai khong nt:

,
_

+
2
1
g
b
c c
e
c g
b ip
bi
r
ec
E A
P
E I
c M

3. Bc th ba: Xac nh mo hnh pha hoai cua dam

be tong cot thep gia co bang FRP.
- Neu
,
_

> +
c
c h
cu bi fu

, dam pha hoai theo mo hnh be
tong b v (crushing concrete).
- Neu
,
_

< +
c
c h
cu bi fu

, dam pha hoai theo mo hnh tam FRP
b t (FRP rupture).
Ta gia nh gia tr c = 0,15d e tnh toan xac nh mo hnh
pha hoai cua dam. Gia tr chnh xac se c xac nh
cac bc tnh sau.
Trng hp th nhat: Khi dam FRP b pha hoai theo mo hnh
be tong b v (crushing concrete).
Khi ket cau b pha hoai theo mo hnh be tong b v
(crushing concrete), bien dang cua be tong trang thai
pha hoai se at gia tr bien dang ln nhat cho phep
c
=

cu
. Ma theo ACI 318-85 (1999) th gia tr
cu
c lay la 0,003.
Da vao bieu o bien dang ta co the xac nh lan lt
cac gia tr.
- Bien dang cua cot thep chu keo:
,
_

c
c d
cu s

- Bien dang cua cot thep chu nen:

,
_

c
d c
cu s
'
'

- Bien dang cua tam FRP c tnh nh sau:
bi cu f
c
c h

,
_

Bi v khi nay be tong trang thai bien dang ln nhat

cho phep nen phan hnh ch nhat ng suat chu nen cua
be tong co the lay theo ACI 318-85 (1999) tai muc 10.2.7.3.
- Khi nay gia tr = 0,85 va
1000
4000
05 0 85 0
1


'
, ,
c
f
vi ieu
kien
85 0 65 0
1
, ,
- ng suat cua cot thep chu keo: y s s s
f E f
- ng suat cua cot thep chu nen: y s s s
f E f
' '

- ng suat cua tam FRP: f f f

E f
Khi nay gia tr gia nh ban au cua c se c xac nh
va kiem tra lai theo cong thc:
b f
f A f A f A
c
c
f f s s s s
1
85 0
'
' '
,
+

Sau khi xac nh c gia tr c theo cong thc tren ta can

kiem tra lai ieu kien pha hoai cua dam theo mo hnh pha
hoai do be tong v (crushing concrete) hoac pha hoai do
tam FRP b t (FRP rupture). Neu gia tr c tm c theo
cong thc tren am bao ieu kien mo hnh pha hoai do
be tong v (crushing concrete) th se s dung c cho cac
bc tnh sau. Con neu khong thoa th chuyen sang tnh
toan theo mo hnh pha hoai do tam FRP b t (FRP rupture).
Trng hp th hai: Khi dam FRP b pha hoai theo mo hnh
tam FRP b t (FRP rupture).
Qua trnh tnh toan trong trng hp dam pha hoai theo mo
hnh tam FRP b t (FRP rupture) tng t nh trng hp
tren. Khi nay bien dang cua FRP se at gia tr bien dang
ln nhat cho phep. Gia tr nay c xac nh theo loai vat
lieu FRP va do nha san xuat cung cap. Da vao
f
=
fu
ta
co:
- Bien dang cua tam FRP: bi b fu f

- Bien dang cua be tong:
( )

,
_

+
c h
c
bi fu c

- Bien dang cua cot thep chu keo:
( )

,
_

+
c h
c d
bi fu s

5.43
- Bien dang cua cot thep chu nen:
( )

,
_

+
c h
d c
bi fu s
'
'

ng suat cua cot thep chu nen va chu keo c xac
nh theo cong thc (5.20) va (5.21). oi vi be tong khi
nay bien dang cha at en gia tr cho phep ln nhat nen
phan ng suat chu nen cua be tong lay theo Whitney
(dung trong ACI 318-85 (1999)) la khong thch hp. Khi nay e
xac nh tong lc nen cua phan be tong se c xac
nh da theo cong thc cua Todeschini (1964). Khi nay ta co:
( ) ( ) [ ]
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
1
1
4
2
' '
' '
ln
tan
c c c c
c c c c

( ) ( )
( )
'
'
ln ,
c c
c c

1
2
1 90 0 +

vi
c
c
c
E
f
'
'
,71 1

va gia tr ( )
'
tan
c c

1
tnh bang
radian.
Dung phng phap can bang lc ta xac nh chieu cao
gia nh c nh sau:
b f
f A f A f A
c
c
f f s s s s
1

'
' '
+

Sau khi tnh toan gia tr c theo cong thc tren ta phai
kiem tra ieu kien pha hoai cua dam. Neu am bao ieu
kien dam pha hoai theo mo hnh tam FRP b t (FRP
rupture) th ta co the tiep tuc tnh toan tm gia tr cua c
bang cach lay gia tr trung bnh cua c va tm c va gia
tr c gia nh ban au lam mot gia tr c gia nh mi e
tiep tuc tnh toan lai e tm gia tr c mi. Gia tr c can tm
se c xac nh khi no gan bang vi gia tr c gia nh
vi mot sai so cho phep va se c dung cho cac bc
tnh sau.
4. Bc th t: Xac nh kha nang chu lc cua
dam be tong cot thep gia co bang FRP.
Kha nang chu lc cua dam be tong cot thep gia co
bang FRP c tnh toan theo cong thc sau:

,
_

+
,
_

+
,
_

2
85 0
2 2
1 1 1
c
h f A d
c
f A
c
d f A M
f f s s s s n

,
' ' '
Kha nang chu lc cua dam la M
n


phai ln hn mo
men uon tnh toan M
u
(co he so).
Gia tr khi nay c xac nh nh sau:

'

< < +

sy s
sy s sy
sy
s
sy s
khi
khi
khi

70 0
2 20 0 50 0
2 90 0
,
, ,
,
5. Bc th nam: Kiem tra kha nang lam viec ket
cau khi a dan tam FRP va chu tai.
- Chieu cao truc khi b nt kd xac nh t cong thc:
( )
( ) ( ) 0
2
2
kd h A
E
E
kd d A
E
E b kd
f
c
f
s
c
s
- ng suat keo cua cot thep trang thai chu mo men
M
s
(khong nhan he so) phai thoa ieu kien:
( ) [ ]( )
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
y
f f s s s s
s f f bi s
s
f
kd h kd h E A d kd d kd E A kd d kd d E A
E kd d kd h E A M
f 80 0
3 3 3
3
,
' ' '

+ +
+

- ng suat nen cua cot thep khi nay phai thoa ieu
kien: y s s
f
kd d
d kd
f f 40 0,
'
'

- ng suat cua be tong phai thoa ieu kien:

'
,
c
s
c
s c
f
kd d
kd
E
E
f f 5 0

,
_

- ng suat cua tam FRP phai thoa ieu kien:

fu E D f bi
s
f
s f
f C C E
kd d
kd h
E
E
f f 33 0,

,
_

Gia tr C
D
= 1,00 va C
E
= 0,65 ~ 1,00 oi vi si Cac bon
(Carbon Fibre).
Gia tr C
D
= 0,30 va C
E
= 0,60 ~ 1,00 oi vi si Thuy tinh
(Glass Fibre).
7. KHA NANG CHU LC COT BE TONG COT THEP
GIA CO BANG FRP
e tnh toan kha nang chu lc cua cot be tong cot thep
gia co bang FRP chu nen ung tam theo theo ACI 318-95
(1999) ngi ta da theo cong thc tnh toan kha nang chu
nen cua be tong b bo bang FRP cua Saadatmanesh (1994)
hoac cong thc cua Saaman (1998). Cong thc tnh toan
kha nang chu nen cua be tong b bo bang FRP tong
quat cho ca hai loai tiet dien tron va ch nhat theo hai
tac gia tren lan lt nh sau:
7.1. Tnh toan kha nang chu nen cua be tong b
bo bang FRP theo Saaman (1998):
Cong thc tnh toan kha nang chu nen cua be tong b
bo bang FRP cua Saaman (1998) dang tong quat nh sau:
7 0
38 3
, ' '
,
r c cc
f f f + (ksi)
- oi vi tiet dien tron:
D
t f
f
wf fu
r
2

- oi vi tiet dien ch nhat:
{ }
ry rx r
f f f , max
; vi cac
gia tr f
rx
, f
ry
theo cac cong thc:
fu fx
c
e
rx
f
A
A
f
;
x
wf
fx
t
t
2
fu fy
c
e
ry
f
A
A
f
;
y
wf
fy
t
t
2
vi A
e
la dien tch tiet dien chu tac dung bo cua FRP cua
tiet dien ch nhat, theo Sheikh va Uzumeri (1980) ta co the
tnh A
e
theo cong thc sau:
( )
2
2 2
4
3
r A
w w
t t A
sc
y x
y x e

,
_

+

vata cung co
f
f fu
fu
E
f

;
f
= 1,1 oi vi vat lieu CFRP va
f
= 1,8 oi vi vat lieu GFRP. Gia tr
fu
co the lay bang
0,3% ~ 0,5% tc la 0,003 ~ 0,005 theo Restrepol va De Vino
(1996).
7.2. Kha nang chu lc cot be tong cot thep gia co
bang FRP chu nen ung tam:
Theo ACI 318-95 (1999) ta co cong thc tnh toan kha nang
chu lc cua be tong khong b bo chu nen ung tam
theo cong thc sau ay:
( )
y s s c c n
f A A A f P +
'
,85 0
Cong thc tnh toan kha nang chu lc cua cot be tong
cot thep gia co bang FRP chu nen ung tam nh sau:
( )
y s e cc s e c c n
f A A f A A A f P + +
' '
, , 85 0 85 0
8. KET LUAN KIEN NGH
Phng phap sa cha, gia co cong trnh be tong cot thep
bang tam dan FRP a c s dung rong rai tai Nhat
Ban, My, Chau Au ... va a bat au xuat hien cac
nc ong Nam A lan can Viet Nam. Trong noi dung bao
cao ch e cap nghien cu tm hieu ve phng phap mi
nay nham co the ap dung sa cha, gia co cac cong
trnh be tong cot thep.
Qua nghien cu chung ta co the nhan thay ro c cac
u iem cua phng phap sa cha, gia co bang tam dan
FRP cac mat: vat lieu FRP co cng o va o ben rat
cao, khoi lng rieng thap, thi cong de dang nhanh chong,
t ton nhan cong, khong can may moc ac biet, co the
thi cong trong ieu kien mat bang chat hep, khong anh
hng en xung quanh nen co the tien hanh thi cong khi
cong trnh van tiep tuc hoat ong, khoi lng gia co thap,
khong lam thay oi kien truc va cong nang cua cong
trnh, am bao tnh my thuat cao, khong can bao tr.
Viec nghien cu cua e tai cung cap them thong tin ve
vat lieu FRP, cac phng phap thi cong va cac cong thc
tnh toan thiet ke sa cha, gia co cong trnh be tong cot
thep bang tam dan FRP. Noi dung e tai e cap en
viec ap dung phng phap sa cha, gia co cong trnh be
tong cot thep bang tam dan FRP cho tat ca cac loai cau
kien dam, ban, cot.
Viec ap dung phat trien phng phap sa cha, gia co
cong trnh be tong cot thep bang tam dan FRP trong ieu
kien tai Viet Nam a va ang xam nhap vao th trng
xay dng Viet nam nh sa cha cac ai nc co t
trc nhng nam 1975 hoac nh c s dung trong cong
trnh Me Linh Point tai TP HCM. Chung toi tin rang phng
phap sa cha bang vat lieu FRP se co cho ng cao khi
moi ngi hieu ro ve cac tnh chat u viet cua phng
phap nay.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. J.G. Teng, J.F. Chen, S.T. Smith and L. Lam, 2002, FRP
Strengthened RC Structure, John Wiley & Sons, 236 p.
2. BS 8110, 1997, Structural Use of Concrete, Part 1. Code of
Practice for Design and Construction (BS 8110-97), British
Standard Institution, London, UK, 121p.
3. ACI Committee 318-95, 1999, Building Code Requirements for
Structural Concrete (ACI 318-95) and Commentary (318R-95),
American Concrete Institute (ACI), Fifth Printing, Farmington Hills,
Michigan, USA, 369 pp.
4. ACI Committee 440R, 1996, State-of-the-Art Report on Fiber
Reinforced Plastic (FRP) for Concrete Structures, ACI Manual of
Concrete Practice, Part 5, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI,
68 pp.
5. ACI Committee 440H, 2000, Guide for the Design and Construction of
Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars, American Concrete Institute,
Farmington Hills, Mich, 97 pp.
6. Arthur H. Nilson, 1997, Design of concrete structures, Twelfth
Edition, The McGraw-Hill, 780 p.
7. W.H. Mosley and J.H. Bungey, 1993, Reinforced concrete design,
Fourth Edition, Macmillan, 388 p.
8. Mahmoud T. El-Mihilmy and Joseph W. Tedesco, 2000, Analysis of
Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthned with FRP Laminates,
Journal of Structural Engineering, June 2000, pp. 684- 691.
9. Vistasp M. Karbhari, 1998, Use of Composite Materials in Civil
Infrastructure in Japan, October 1998.
10. Masterbuilders Inc., 1998, MBrace Composite Strengthening
System Engineering Design Guidelines, 2nd Edition, Masterbuilders
Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, 125 p.