IIT Gandhinagar, Dept.

of Mechanical Engineering

ME312: Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines Laboratory (Structured Laboratory Component) V1.0/HPM/ Feb 2012

KDM-1.4-1: STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCING

1. AIM: The aim of this experiment is to allow you to experiment with vibrations in rotating machinery such as shafts. 2. APPARATUS: The static and dynamic balancing equipment used for this study is shown in Figure 1.

(b) Cross sectional view of the balancing equipment

(a) Static and Dynamic Balancing Equipment (c) Auxillary box for electric supply and motor control

Figure 1: Balancing equipment The Dynamic / Static Balance unit consists of a shaft assembly mounted on bearings/rollings. The shaft is driven by a variable-speed electric motor, which is connected to the shaft through a pulley system. The entire shaft assembty is attached to the supporting structure by means of two springs. Such a spring mounting will let the system oscillate in case there are vibrations or unbalanced forces. Four disks A, B, C, and D (as seen in Figure 1 (b)) are fixed to the shaft, while a piston is connected to the shaft assembly between disks B and C through a connecting rod as shown in Figure 1 (b). These disks have mechanised drills to allow for attachment of additional masses both either destabilizing the system or for stabilize it. A ruler with a pointer needle is provided to observe the oscillation amplitude of the shaft assembly. A set of sectors and masses of different values that can be connected to the disks are provided to carry out the experiments. The setup is supplied with an Auxiliary Box for the electrical supply and motor control
(see Figure 1 (c)). The knob on the front of this auxillary unit controls the speed of the motor (through a potentiometer).

IIT Gandhinagar, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

ME312: Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines Laboratory (Structured Laboratory Component) V1.0/HPM/ Feb 2012

3. PROCEDURE:

The apparatus is already assembled and so there is minimal setup procedure. The sector masses and additional masses provided should be directly attached (as and when necessary) to the disks using the nuts and bolts provided.
For each experiment, the speed control knob is to be gradually increased to increase the speed of the motor and the vibrations of the unit are to be observed through the needle and scale on the apparatus. 4. THEORY: The relevant course material pertaining to static and dynamic balancing applies for this structured experiment and you are expected to refer to these lecture material, textbook and assigned resources for the course ME304. 5. EXPERIMENTAL TASKS ASSIGNED USING THE WHIRLING OF SHAFTS APPARATUS (a) Crankshaft balance First remove any masses attached to the rotating shaft assembly (as shown in Figure 2 (left)). Observe that all the disks are uniform; would you expect an imbalance in this configuration? Switch on the auxillary box and gradually increase the speed going up to the maximum speed. Visually note down the amplitude of vibrations (if any) from the needle and scale provided for both 50% speed and maximum speed. Switch off the equipment and attach masses B4 and C4 to disks B and C respectively (as shown in Figure 2 (right)). Restrart the equipment and gradually increase to maximum speed. Note down the vibration amplitude. Do you notice a difference? Weigh masses B4 and C4 and from these known weights roughly calculate the imbalance force due to the crankshaft.

Figure 2. Shaft assembly without any additional masses (left) and with the addition of masses B4 and C4 (right)

IIT Gandhinagar, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

ME312: Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines Laboratory (Structured Laboratory Component) V1.0/HPM/ Feb 2012

(b) Static Balancing: For this experiment, keep B4 and C4 attached at all times, and use only plate D for attaching any further masses. Attach the mass m1 = 30 gr at a radius of 60 mm at an angle of 0 degrees (marked on the plate) on plate D. Switch on and gradually increase to maximum speed. Note the vibrations. Are the vibrations noticeable? Can this vibration be eliminated by placing another mass m2 (of your choice from the ones provided) at angle 180 degrees on plate D (at a distance of your choice)? Show your solution to the instructor/lab attendant. Attach your solution mass m2 (from the above bullet) to the assembly, switch on the setup and gradually increase speed to 50% speed and then maximum speed. Note down the amplitude of the vibrations, is it reduced? Remove m2 from the previous step, but leave m1 attached to the shaft assembly. Can the vibrations due to m1 be eliminated by placing masses on disk D but at locations other than at radius 60 mm? You may choose to use multiple masses at multiple locations if necessary. Show your solution to the instructor/lab attendant. Demonstrate your solution on the setup by attaching the required masses and gradually increasing the speed to 50% speed and then maximum speed. Note down the amplitude of vibrations. (c) Dynamic Balancing: For this experiment, keep B4 and C4 attached at all times. Attach the mass m1 = 30 gr at a radius of 60 mm at an angle of 0 degrees (marked on the plate) on plate D, and attach mass m2 = 30 gr at a radius of 60 mm at an angle of 0 degrees on plate A. Note down the vibrations at 50% speed and maximum speed. Can this setup be balanced by attaching a single mass for the following two scenarios: o Assume no practical constraints, is it possible in theory, if so what is the solution? o Within the constraints of the current experimental setup, is it possible, if so what is the solutions?

REFERENCES 1. Robert L. Norton, Kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery, SI Edition,2009, McGraw Hill ,ISBN: 0071278524, EAN: 9780071278522 2. Oleg Vinogradov, Fundamentals of Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines and Mechanisms,2000, CRC Press, ISBN: 0849302579,EAN: 9780849302572 3. S.S. Rao, Mechanical Vibrations, 4 Edition, Prentice-Hall, ISBN-13: 9780130489876, 2010 4. Uicker J.J., Pennock G.R. and Shigley J.E., Theory of Machines and Mechanisms, 3 rd Edition, 2005, Oxford University Press, New York, 5. Rattan S.S., Theory of Machines, 3 Edition, 2009, 5
rd th th

Reprint 2010,Tata-McGraw Hill

6. EdLabQuip, Whirling of Shafts Apparatus: Instruction Manual, October 2011

IIT Gandhinagar, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

ME312: Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines Laboratory

(Structured Laboratory Component) V1.0/HPM/ Feb 2012