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Thermal Stresses in Concrete Introduction Importance Technological Aspects Case Study LA Cathedral
CE 60 Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
History
Original work of Roy W. Carlson, R.E. Davis, M. Polivka, etc. How to measure stresses and strain in dams?
CE 60 Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Thermal stresses
t K r
E 1
where: t: tensile stress Kr: degree of restraint E: elastic modulus : coefficient of thermal expansion T: temperature change : creep coefficient
CE 60 Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Degree of Restraint ( Kr )
A concrete element, if free to move, would have no stress. In practice, the concrete mass will be restrained either externally by the rock foundation or internally by differential deformations. For example, there will be full restraint at the concrete-rock interface ( Kr = 1.0), however, as the distance from the interface increases, the restraint will decrease .
Temperature Evolution
T = placement temperature of fresh concrete + adiabatic temperature rise - ambient or service temperature - heat losses.
CE 60 Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Heat Losses
Heat losses depend on the thermal properties of concrete, and the construction technology adopted. A concrete structure can lose heat through its surface, and the magnitude of heat loss is a function of the type of material in immediate contact with the concrete surface. Numerical methods can be use to compute the temperature distribution in mass of concrete
Itaipu Dam
General Information
River Basin Area 820,000 km2 Reservoir Area 1,350 km2 Volume 29 billion m3 Length 170 km Dam Maximum height 196 m Total length 7,760 Generating Units Quantity 18 Capacity 700 MW
CE 60 Instructor: Paulo Monteiro
Diversion of the Paran river was achieved by the construction of a channel 2 km long, 150 m wide, and 90 m deep on the left river bank.
Two arch dams were built to protect the channel structures from floods.
AND THEN the two arch dams built to protect the structures from flood were simultaneously exploded in just 3 seconds
In November of 1979, a monthly production of 340,000 m3 was achieved. In 1980, the yearly production was 3 million cubic meter.
To reduce the amount of concrete in the dam, the center of the block is hollow
The spillway, with a length of 483 m, was designed for a maximum discharge capacity of 62,220 m3/s.