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Fast packet scheduling The HS-DSCH downlink channel is shared between users using channel-dependent sch eduling to make

the best use of available radio conditions. Each user device con tinually transmits an indication of the downlink signal quality, as often as 500 times per second. Using this information from all devices, the base station dec ides which users will be sent data in the next 2 ms frame and how much data shou ld be sent for each user. More data can be sent to users which report high downl ink signal quality. The amount of the channelisation code tree, and thus network bandwidth, allocate d to HSDPA users is determined by the network. The allocation is "semi-static" i n that it can be modified while the network is operating, but not on a frame-byframe basis. This allocation represents a trade-off between bandwidth allocated for HSDPA users, versus that for voice and non-HSDPA data users. The allocation is in units of channelisation codes for Spreading Factor 16, of which 16 exist a nd up to 15 can be allocated to the HS-DSCH. When the base station decides which users will receive data in the next frame, it also decides which channelisation codes will be used for each user. This information is sent to the user on one o f up to 4 HS-SCCHs, which are not part of the HS-DSCH allocation previously ment ioned, but are allocated separately. Thus, for a given 2 ms frame, data may be s ent to a number of users simultaneously, using different channelisation codes High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel For HSDPA, a new transport layer channel, High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS -DSCH), has been added to UMTS release 5 and further specification. It is implem ented by introducing three new physical layer channels: HS-SCCH, HS-DPCCH and HS -PDSCH. The High Speed-Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH) informs the user that da ta will be sent on the HS-DSCH, 2 slots ahead. The Uplink High Speed-Dedicated P hysical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH) carries acknowledgment information and curren t channel quality indicator (CQI) of the user. This value is then used by the ba se station to calculate how much data to send to the user devices on the next tr ansmission. The High Speed-Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH) is the ch annel to which the above HS-DSCH transport channel is mapped that carries actual user data. Hybrid automatic repeat-request (HARQ) Data is transmitted together with error correction bits. Minor errors can thus b e corrected without retransmission; see forward error correction. If retransmission is needed, the user device saves the packet and later combines it with retransmitted packet to recover the error-free packet as efficiently as possible. Even if the retransmitted packets are corrupted, their combination ca n yield an error-free packet. Retransmitted packet may be either identical (chas e combining) or different from the first transmission (incremental redundancy). Since HARQ retransmissions are processed at the physical layer, their 12 ms roun d-trip time is much lower compared to higher layer retransmissions. Adaptive modulation and coding The modulation scheme and coding are changed on a per-user basis, depending on s ignal quality and cell usage. The initial scheme is quadrature phase-shift keyin g (QPSK), but in good radio conditions 16QAM and 64QAM can significantly increas e data throughput rates. With 5 Code allocation, QPSK typically offers up to 1.8 Mbit/s peak data rates, while 16QAM offers up to 3.6 Mbit/s. Additional codes ( e.g. 10, 15) can also be used to improve these data rates or extend the network

capacity throughput significantly. Dual-Cell Dual Cell (DC-)HSDPA, known also as Dual Carrier, is the natural evolution of HS PA by means of carrier aggregation in the downlink.[2] UMTS licenses are often i ssued as 10 or 15 MHz paired spectrum allocations. The basic idea of the multica rrier feature is to achieve better resource utilization and spectrum efficiency by means of joint resource allocation and load balancing across the downlink car riers. An advanced HSPA network can theoretically support up to 28 Mbit/s and 42 Mbit/s with a single 5 MHz carrier for Rel7 (MIMO with 16QAM) and Rel8 (64-QAM + MIMO) , in good channel conditions with low correlation between transmit antennas. An alternative method to double the data rates is to double the bandwidth to 10 MHz (i.e. 25 MHz) by using DC-HSDPA. Additionally, some diversity and joint scheduli ng gains can also be expected[3] with improved QoS for end users in poor environ ment conditions where existing techniques such as MIMO spatial multiplexing cann ot be used to increase data rates. In 3GPP a study item was completed in June 20 08. The outcome can be found in technical report 25.825.[4] New HSDPA User Equip ment categories 21-24 have been introduced that support DC-HSDPA. DC-HSDPA can s upport up to 42 Mbit/s, but unlike HSPA, it does not need to rely on MIMO transm ission. From Release 9 onwards it will be possible to use DC-HSDPA in combination with M IMO used on both carriers.[5] This will allow theoretical speed of up to 84 Mbit /s. The support of MIMO in combination with DC-HSDPA will allow operators deploying Release 7 MIMO to benefit from the DC-HSDPA functionality as defined in Release 8. While in Release 8 DC-HSDPA can only operate on adjacent carriers, Release 9 also allows that the paired cells can operate on two different frequency bands. Future releases will allow the use of up to four carriers simultaneously.

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