3g Wcdma Viettel

N TT NGHIP Li ni u
GVHD: Th.S V Trng Sn Trang 1 SVTH: Nguyn Vn Su

LI NI U
Nhu cu trao i thng tin l nhu cu thit yu trong cuc sng x hi, trong x hi
hin i ngy nay i hi thng tin cn trao i v mi lnh vc phi m bo cc yu t
nh tc nhanh chng, tin li v chnh xc cao. Vi nhu cu nh vy, ngy nay
thng tin di ng tr thnh mt ngnh cng nghip vin thng pht trin nhanh v mang
li nhiu li nhun nht cho cc nh khai thc. S pht trin ca th trng vin thng di
ng thc y mnh m vic nghin cu v trin khai cc h thng thng tin di ng
mi trong tng lai. H thng di ng th h hai, vi GSM l nhng v d in hnh
pht trin mnh m nhiu quc gia. Tuy nhin, th trng vin thng cng m rng cng
th hin r nhng hn ch v dung lng v bng thng ca cc h thng thng tin di ng
th h hai. S ra i ca h thng di ng th h ba (3G) l mt tt yu, theo hng cung
cp cc dch v a phng tin nhm p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng v a dng ca
ngi s dng.
Trong ti ca mnh, em xin gii thiu v h thng thng tin di ng th h ba vi
cng ngh WCDMA. Cng ngh WCDMA l cng ngh CDMA bng rng a truy nhp
phn chia theo ma. Trong n Tng quan h thng thng tin di ng 3G cng ngh
WCDMA & trin khai mng 3G WCDMA ca Viettel ca mnh em trnh by mt ci
nhn tng quan v mng 3G s dng cng ngh WCDMA v tin khai ti mng 3G ti
Viettel, c th gm c 4 chng nh sau:
9 Chng 1: Tng quan h thng thng tin di ng 3G cng ngh WCDMA.
9 Chng 2: Cu trc mng 3G WCDMA.
9 Chng 3: K thut c bn ca mng 3G WCDMA.
9 Chng 4: Trin khai mng 3G WCDMA ca Viettel.
Trong ti ca mnh, em c gng trnh by tht c ng nhng vn v cng
ngh WCDMA. Tuy nhin, do kin thc cng nh ti liu c hn nn khng th trnh khi
nhng sai st, cng nh cn nhiu vn cha c gii quyt tha ng. Em rt mong
nhn c s ch bo ca cc thy c gio, s gp v ph bnh ca cc bn.
Trong thi gian hon thnh n em nhn c s gip tn tnh ca thy Th.S
V Trng Sn, s ch bo n cn ca cc thy c gio trong khoa in in t. Em xin
chn thnh cm n!
TP.H Ch Minh thng 05/2010
Sinh vin
Nguyn Vn Su
N TT NGHIP Mc lc
MC LC
LI NI U ....................................................................................................................... 1
MC LC ............................................................................................................................. 2
DANH MC THUT NG V VIT TT ....................................................................... 5
DANH MC BNG BIU V HNH V ......................................................................... 10

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G ..................... 13
1.1. Gii thiu chung ................................................................................................... 13
1.1.1. M u ...................................................................................................... 13
1.1.2. Gii thiu v cng ngh 3G ...................................................................... 14
1.2. Lch s pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng 3G WCDMA ......................... 15
1.2.1. Lch trnh nghin cu pht trin h thng thng tin di ng th h ba. .... 15
1.2.2. S lc qu trnh pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng n th h 3 16
1.3. C s xy dng h thng 3G WCDMA ............................................................... 17
1.3.1 Cc tiu chun ............................................................................................ 17
1.3.2 Cc phin bn ca 3G WCDMA ............................................................... 18
1.4. L trnh pht trin h thng thng tin di ng t 3G ln 4G ............................... 19
1.4.1. Gii thiu v h thng thng tin di ng 4G. ........................................... 19
1.4.2. M hnh mng 4G. .................................................................................... 19
1.4.3. Cc yu cu i vi mng 4G ................................................................... 21
1.4.4. L trnh pht trin ln 4G .......................................................................... 24
CHNG 2:CU TRC MNG WCDMA ...................................................................... 25
2.1. Kin trc tng qut ............................................................................................... 25
2.1.1. Kin trc chung mng 3G WCDMA ........................................................ 25
2.1.2. Cu hnh a l ca mng 3G WCDMA ................................................... 29
2.1.3. Cc giao din m c bn ca UMTS: ....................................................... 32
2.2. Mng truy nhp v tuyn UTRAN ....................................................................... 33
2.2.1. Trm gc (Node B) ................................................................................... 33
2.2.2. Khi iu khin mng v tuyn RNC ....................................................... 34
2.3. Mng trc .............................................................................................................. 34
2.3.1. Trung tm chuyn mch di ng MSC ..................................................... 34
2.3.2. MSC cng (GMSC) .................................................................................. 34
2.3.3. Nt h tr phc v GPRS (SGSN) ........................................................... 34
N TT NGHIP Mc lc
2.3.4. Nt h tr cng GPRS (GGSN) ................................................................ 34
2.3.5. B ang k nh v thng tr HLR ......................................................... 34
2.3.6. B ng k nh v tm tr VLR .............................................................. 35
2.3.7. B ng k nhn dng thit b EIR ........................................................... 35
2.3.8. Trung tm nhn thc AuC ........................................................................ 35
2.3.9. Mng trc IP .............................................................................................. 35
CHNG 3: K THUT CA MNG 3G WCDMA ..................................................... 36
3.1. Cc k thut c bn trong mng 3G WCDMA .................................................... 36
3.1.1. K thut tri ph v a truy nhp theo m ................................................ 36
3.1.2. Giao din v tuyn ca 3G WCDMA ....................................................... 39
3.1.3. Truy nhp gi tc cao (HSPA) ............................................................. 52
3.2. Thit lp cuc gi ca 3G WCDMA .................................................................... 58
3.3. Chuyn giao ca 3G WCDMA ............................................................................. 60
3.3.1. Khi qut v chuyn giao trong cc h thng thng tin di ng. ............. 60
3.3.2. Chuyn giao trong cng tn s. ................................................................. 64
3.3.3. Chuyn giao gia cc h thng WCDMA v GSM. ................................. 78
3.3.4. Chuyn giao gia cc tn s trong WCDMA. .......................................... 80
3.4. iu khin cng sut ca mng 3G WCDMA ..................................................... 81
3.4.1. iu khin cng sut vng kn ng ln ................................................ 82
3.4.2. iu khin cng sut vng kn ng xung ........................................... 83
3.5. Dch v v cht lng dch v mng 3G WCDMA ............................................. 84
3.5.1. Phn loi dch v ....................................................................................... 85
3.5.2. Cc dch v c s ...................................................................................... 85
3.5.3. Cc dch v mng UMTS.......................................................................... 88
3.5.4. Cht lng dch v (QoS) ca UMTS ...................................................... 89
CHNG 4: TRIN KHAI MNG 3G WCDMA CA VIETTEL ................................. 90
4.1. Gii thiu s lc v h thng GSM ca Viettel ................................................. 90
4.2. Trin khai 3G ca Viettel. .................................................................................... 95
4.2.1. S dch chuyn t GSM sang 3G. ............................................................. 95
4.2.2. Node B ca Viettel. ................................................................................... 97
4.2.3. Mt s dch v 3G Viettel cung cp. ........................................................ 99
KT LUN........................................................................................................................ 102
HNG PHT TRIN CA TI ............................................................................. 102
N TT NGHIP Mc lc
NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN ............................................................... 103
NHN XT CA GIO VIN C DUYT ................................................................ 104
DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO .......................................................................... 105

N TT NGHIP Thut ng v vit tt

THUT NG V VIT TT

K hiu Ting Anh Gii thch
1G First Generation H thng thng tin di ng th h th 1
2G Second Generation H thng thng tin di ng th h th 2
3G Third Generation H thng thng tin di ng th h th 3
3GPP Third Generation
Partnership Project
D n hp tc thng tin di ng th h th 3
A
APICH Auxilialy Pilot Channel Knh hoa tiu ph
ATM Asynchronous Tranfer Mode Kiu truyn dn bt ng b
AuC Authentication Centre Trung tm nhn thc
B
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel Knh iu khin qung b
BCH Broadcast Channel Knh qung b
BER Bit Error Rate T l li Bit
BMC Broadcast/Multicast Control iu khin qung b
BS Base Station Trm gc
BSS Base Station System Phn h trm gc
BTS Base Transceiver Station Trm thu pht v tuyn
C
CCCH Common Cotrol Channel Knh iu khin chung
CCPCH Common Control Physical
Channel
Knh vt l iu khin chung
CLPC Closed Loop Power Control iu khin cng sut vng kn
CM Communication Managerment Qun l thng tin
CN Core Network Mng li
COMC Communication Control iu khin thng tin
CPCH Common Packet Channel Knh gi chung
CS
CPICH Common Pilot Channel Knh hoa tiu chung
CRNC Controlling Radio Network B iu khin mng truy nhp v tuyn
Controller
CTCH Common Traffic Channel Knh lu lng chung
D
DCCH Dedicated Control Channel Knh iu khin dnh ring
DCH Dedicated Channel Knh dnh ring
DPCH Dedicated Physical Channel Knh vt l dnh ring ng xung
DPCCH Dedicated Phy Control Chanel Knh vt l iu khin dnh ring
DPDCH Dedicated Phy Data Channel Knh vt l d liu dnh ring
DRNC Drift Radio Network Controller B iu khin mng v tuyn
DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel Knh lu lng dnh ring
E
EACH Enhanced Access Channel Knh truy nhp tng cng
EDGE Enhanced Data Rate For Tc Bit tng cng cho h thng
GSM Evolution GSM
EGPRS Enhanced GPRS GPRS m rng
EIR Equipment Identity Centre Trung tm nhn thc thit b
F
FACH Forward Access Channel Knh truy nhp ng xung
FBI Feedback Information Thng tin phn hi
FCCH Frequency Correction Chanel Knh hiu chnh tn s
FCH Fundamental Channel Knh c s
FDD Frequency Division Duplex a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s
FER Frame Error Rate T l li khung
G
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Mode Nt h tr cng GPRS
GMSC Gateway MSC MSC cng
GPRS General Packet Radio Service Dch v v tuyn gi chung
GPS Global Positioning System H thng nh v ton cu
GSM Global System for Mobile H thng thng tin di ng ton cu
Communications
H
HLR Home Location Register Thanh ghi nh v thng tr
HSCSD Hight Speed Circuit Switched Chuyn mch knh d liu tc cao
Data
I
ID Identifier Nhn dng
IETF Internet Enginer Task Group Nhm k s c trch v Internet
IMT-2000 International Mobile Tiu chun vin thng di ng quc t
Communication 2000 2000
ITU International Hip hi vin thng quc t
Telecommunication Union
ISDN Intergated Services Digital Ne Mng s liu a dch v
L
L1 Radio Physical Layer Lp vt l
L2 Radio Data Link Layer Lp lin kt d liu
L3 Radio Network Layer Lp mng
M
MAC Medium Access Control Truy nhp mi trng vt l
MAP Mobile Application Part Phn ng dng di ng
ME Mobile Equipment Thit b di ng
MEHO Mobile Evaluated Handover Chuyn giao quyt nh bi my
MGW Media Gateway Cng phng tin
MM Mobility Management Qun l di ng
MS Mobile Station Trm di ng
MSC Mobile Switching Center Trung tm chuyn mch di ng
MTP Message Transfer Part Phn chuyn giao bn tin
MTP3 Message Transfer Part Level3 Lp 3 phn chuyn giao bn tin
MUD Multi-User Detection Pht hin nhiu ngi s dng
N
NBAP Node B Application Part Phn ng dng nt B
NEHO Network Evaluated Handover Chuyn giao quyt nh bi mng
NMS Network Management System Phn h qun l mng
O
O&M Operation and Management Khai thc v bo dng
OCCCH ODMA Common Control Knh iu khin chung cho ODMA
Channel
ODCCH ODMA Dedicated Control Knh iu khin ring cho ODMA
Channel
ODMA Opportunity Driven Multiple a truy nhp theo c hi
Access
ODTCH ODMA Dedicated Traffic Knh lu lng dnh ring cho ODMA
Channel
OLPC Open Loop Power Control iu khin cng sut vng h
P
PC Power Control iu khin cng sut
PCCH Paging Control Channel Knh iu khin tm gi
PCH Paging Channel Knh tm gi
PCPCH Physical Common Packet Knh gi chung vt l
PDCP Packet Data Covergence Pro Giao thc hi t gi s liu
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Knh chia x ng xung vt l
Channel
PDU Packet Data Unit n v s liu gi
PICH Page Indicator Channel Knh ch th tm gi
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network Mng di ng mt t cng cng
PPP Point to Point Protocal Th tc im - im
PRACH Physical Random Access Knh truy nhp ngu nhin vt l
Channel
PS Packet Switched Chuyn mch gi
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Mng in thoi chuyn mch cng
Network cng
Q
QoS Quality of Service Cht lng dch v
R
RAB Radio Access Bearer Knh mang truy nhp v tuyn
RACH Random Access Channel Knh truy nhp ngu nhin
RANAP Radio Access Network App.P Phn ng dng ca mng truy nhp
RB Radio Bearer Knh mang v tuyn
RLC Radio Link Control iu khin lin kt v tuyn
RNC Radio Network Controller B iu khin mng v tuyn
RNS Radio Network Subsystem Phn h mng v tuyn
RNSAP Ra.Net.Sub.App.Part Phn ng dng phn h mng v tuyn
RRC Radio Resource Control iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn
RRM Radio Resource Management Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn
S
SCCH Synchronous Control Channel Knh ng b
SCH Synchronous Channel Knh b sung
SDU Service Data Unit n v s liu dch v
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Mode Nt phc v GPRS
SHCCH Shared Channel Control Knh iu khin phn chia
SIR Signal to Interference Ratio T s tn hiu trn nhiu
SM Short Message Bn tin ngn
SRNC Serving RNC RNC phc v
SSCF Service Specific Chc nng phi hp dch v c th
Co-ordination Function
T
TDD Time Division Duplex a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian
TFCI Transport Format B ch th kt hp khun dng truyn
Combination Indicator dn
TPC Transmit Power Command Lnh iu khin cng sut
U
UE User Equipment Thit b ngi dng
UL Uplink ng ln
UMTS Universal Mobile H thng vin thng di ng ton cu
Telecommunication System
UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t ton
Access Network cu
V
VLR Vistor Location Registor Thanh ghi nh v tm tr
W
WCDMA Wideband Code Division a truy nhp theo m bng rng
Multiple Access

N TT NGHIP Bng biu v hnh v

BNG BIU
Bng 3.1. Th d b tm m trc giao ................................................................................. 37
Bng 3.2. Th d nhn hai m ging nhau trong bng 1 c mt .................................... 38
Bng 3.3. Th d nhn hai m khc nhau trong bng 1 c mt m mi trong tp 8 m 38
Bng 3.4. Cc thng s lp vt l W-CDMA ....................................................................... 42
Bng 3.5: Phn b bng tn trn ton cu. ......................................................................... 43
Bng 3.6. Cp pht tn s 3G ti Vit Nam ....................................................................... 44
Bng 3.7: Chuyn i gia cc knh truyn ti v cc knh vt l ..................................... 50
Bng 3.8: Cc thng s tc nh R6 HSPA .................................................................... 52
Bng 3.9: Phn loi cc dch v .......................................................................................... 85
Bng 3.10: Tng kt cc loi QoS ....................................................................................... 89

HNH V
Hnh 1.1: Lch trnh nghin cu v a mng WCDMA vo khai thc .............................. 15
Hnh 1.2: Tng kt qu trnh pht trin ca thng tin di ng th h 1 n th h 3 ......... 16
Hnh 1.3: M hnh cu trc mng 4G ................................................................................. 20
Hnh 1.4: S kt hp cc mng khc nhau .......................................................................... 21
Hnh 1.5: Ngi dng cc mng khc nhau c th truy nhp vo h thng ................... 22
Hnh 1.6: Tnh di ng ca mng ....................................................................................... 23
Hnh 1.7. L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G ............................... 24
Hnh 2.1: Kin trc tng qut ca mt mng di ng kt hp c CS v PS ....................... 25
Hnh 2.2: Chuyn mch knh (CS) v chuyn mch gi (PS). ............................................ 27
Hnh 2.3: ng bao v tho bao cho gi IP trong qu trnh truyn tunnel ........................ 28
Hnh 2.4: Thit lp kt ni tunnel trong chuyn mch tunnel ............................................. 29
Hnh 2.5: Phn chia mng thnh cc vng phc v ca MSC/VLR v SGSN .................... 30
Hnh 2.6: Phn chia vng phc v ca MSC/VLR v SGSN thnh LA v RA .................... 30
Hnh 2.7: Phn chia LA v RA ............................................................................................ 31
Hnh 2.8: Cc kiu mu .................................................................................................... 31
Hnh 2.9: Cc khi nim phn chia vng a l trong 3G WCDMA UMTS. ...................... 32
Hnh 2.10: Kin trc UTRAN .............................................................................................. 33
Hnh 3.1. Tri ph chui trc tip (DSSS) .......................................................................... 37
Hnh 3.2. Qu trnh gii tri ph v lc tn hiu ca ngi s dng k t K tn hiu. ......... 39
Hnh 3.3. Kin trc giao thc v tuyn cho UTRA FDD. .................................................... 41
Hnh 3.4: Cp pht bng tn WCDMA/FDD ...................................................................... 44
Hnh 3.5. Chuyn i gia cc LoCH v TrCH trn ng ln v ng xung .............. 47
Hnh 3.6. Tng kt cc kiu knh vt l ............................................................................... 47
Hnh 3.7: Ghp cc knh truyn ti ln knh vt l ............................................................ 50
Hnh 3.8. Cu trc knh vt l ring cho ng ln v ng xung ................................ 51
Hnh 3.9: Tc s liu khc nhau trn cc giao din (trng hp HSDPA) ................... 53
Hnh 3.10. Cu trc thi gian-m ca HS-DSCH ............................................................... 54
Hnh 3.11. Kin trc HSDPA ............................................................................................... 55
Hnh 3.12. Cu trc knh HSDPA kt hp WCDMA .......................................................... 55
Hnh 3.13: Th tc thit lp cuc gi W-CDMA UMTS. ................................................. 58
Hnh 3.14: Cc kiu chuyn giao khc nhau ...................................................................... 62
Hnh 3.15: Cc th tc chuyn giao .................................................................................... 63
Hnh 3.16: S so snh gia chuyn giao cng v chuyn giao mm .................................. 65
Hnh 3.17: Nguyn l ca chuyn giao mm ...................................................................... 67
Hnh 3.18: Thut ton chuyn giao mm IS-95A ................................................................ 67
Hnh 3.19: Thut ton chuyn giao mm trong WCDMA .................................................. 68
Hnh 3.20: S suy gim nhiu do c chuyn giao mm trong UL ....................................... 70
Hnh 3.21 Th tc o c chuyn giao trong cng tn s. .................................................. 71
Hnh 3.22: M hnh o c chuyn giao trong cng tn s. ............................................... 72
Hnh 3.23: S lc v bo co o c chuyn giao mm. ............................................... 73
Hnh 3.24: li chuyn giao mm ca cng sut pht ng ln(gi tr dng = li,
gi tr m = suy hao) ........................................................................................................... 74
Hnh 3.25: li chuyn giao mm trong cng sut pht ng xung (Gi tr dng =
li, m =suy hao) ................................................................................................................. 75
Hnh 3.26: Tng ph chuyn giao mm ................................................................................ 76
Hnh 3.27: Tng ph chuyn giao mm v thng s Window_add cho li cell 6 cnh 3
79sector site, vi hai bn knh khc nhau. .......................................................................... 77
Hnh 3.28: Chuyn giao gia cc h thng GSM v WCDMA .......................................... 79
Hnh 3.29: Th tc chuyn giao gia cc h thng. ............................................................ 79
Hnh 3.30: Nhu cu chuyn giao gia cc tn s sng mang WCDMA ............................. 81
Hnh 3.31: Th tc chuyn giao gia cc tn s. ................................................................ 81
Hnh 3.32: Nguyn l iu khin cng sut vng kn ng ln ......................................... 82
Hnh 3.33: Nguyn l iu khin cng sut vng kn ng xung .................................... 83
Hnh 3.34: Cc dch v a phng tin trong h thng thng tin di ng th h ba. ......... 84
Hnh 3.35: Cu trc ca dch v mng UMTS. ................................................................... 88
Hnh 4.1: S cu trc mng di ng Viettel hin ti ..................................................... 90
Hnh 4.2: S cu trc tng th mng di ng Viettel hin ti ........................................ 91
Hnh 4.3: Mng 3G UMTS k tha mng li 2G ................................................................ 96
Hnh 4.4: S pht trin lin mch ....................................................................................... 96
Hnh 4.5: Kin trc Node B ................................................................................................. 97
Hnh 4.6: Cu trc logic ca BTS 3900 .............................................................................. 98

N TT NGHIP Chng 1: Tng quan h thng thng tin di dng 3G
Chng 1:
TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G
CNG NGH WCDMA
1.1. Gii thiu chung
1.1.1. M u
S pht trin nhanh chng ca dch v s liu t ra cc yu cu mi i vi
cng ngh vin thng di ng. Thng tin di ng th h 2 mc d s dng cng ngh s
nhng l h thng bng hp v c xy dng trn c ch chuyn mch knh nn khng
th p ng c dch v mi ny. 3G (third-generation) cng ngh truyn thng th h
th ba l giai on mi nht trong s pht trin ca ngnh vin thng di ng. Nu 1G (the
first gerneration) ca in thoi di ng l nhng thit b analog, ch c kh nng truyn
thoi. 2G (the second generation) ca in thoi di ng gm c hai cng nng truyn
thoi v d liu gii hn da trn k thut s. Trong bi cnh ITU a ra n tiu
chun ha h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 vi tn gi IMT 2000. IMT 2000
m rng ng k kh nng cung cp dch v v cho php s dng nhiu phng tin
thng tin. Mc ch ca IMT 2000 l a ra nhiu kh nng mi nhng cng ng thi
m bo s pht trin lin tc ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th hai (2G) vo
nhng nm 2000. 3G mang li cho ngi dng cc dch v gi tr gia tng cao cp, gip
chng ta thc hin truyn thng thoi v d liu (nh e-mail v tin nhn dng vn bn),
download m thanh v hnh nh vi bng tn cao. Cc ng dng 3G thng dng gm hi
ngh video di ng; chp v gi nh k thut s nh in thoi my nh; gi v nhn e-
mail v file nh km dung lng ln; ti tp tin video v MP3; thay cho modem kt ni
n my tnh xch tay hay PDA v nhn tin dng ch vi cht lng cao
HSDPA (High Speech Downlink Packet Access: truy nhp gi ng xung tc
cao) l mt m rng ca cc h thng 3G WCDMA UMTS c th cung cp tc ln
n 10 Mbps trn ng xung. HSDPA l mt chun tng cng ca 3GPP-3G nhm
tng dung lng ng xung bng cch thay th iu ch QPSK trong 3G UMTS bng
16QAM trong HSDPA. HSDPA hot ng trn c s kt hp ghp knh theo thi gian
(TDM) vi ghp knh theo m v s dng thch ng ng truyn. N cng a ra mt
knh iu khin ring m bo tc truyn dn s liu. Cc k thut tng t cng
c p dng cho ng ln trong chun HSUPA (High Speech Uplink Packet Access).
Hai cng ngh truy nhp HSDPA v HSUPA c gi chung l HSPA (High Speed
Packet Data). lm cho cng ngh 3GPP UTRA/UTRAN mang tnh cnh tranh hn na
(ch yu l cnh tranh vi cc cng ngh mi ca 3GPP2 v WiMAX), 3GPP quyt
nh pht trin E-UTRA v EUTRAN (E: Elvolved k hiu cho pht trin) cn c gi l
siu 3G (Super-3G) hay LTE (Long Term Evolution) m thc cht l giai on u 4G.
Cng vic pht trin s tin hnh trong 10 nm v sau nh l s pht trin di hn ca
cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn 3GPP. Trong giai on ny tc s liu t c 30 n
100Mbps vi bng thng 20MHz. Tip sau LTE, IMT-Adv (IMT tin tin) s c pht
trin, y s l thi k pht trin ca 4G vi tc t 100 n 1000 Mbps v bng thng
100MHz.
Hin nay ti Vit Nam, bng tn I dnh cho WCDMA c chia l bn khe v
c cp pht cho bn nh khai thc: Viettel, VMS, GPC, EVN+HT.
1.1.2. Gii thiu v cng ngh 3G
3G l thut ng dng ch cc h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3. Mc d cc
h thng thng tin di ng th nghim u tin c s dng vo nhng nm 1930-1940
trong cc s cnh st Hoa K nhng cc h thng in thoi di ng thng mi thc s
ch ra i vo khong cui nhng nm 1970 u nhng nm 1980. Cc h thng in thoi
th h u s dng cng ngh tng t v ngi ta gi cc h thng in thoi k trn l
cc h thng 1G.
Khi s lng cc thu bao trong mng tng ln, ngi ta thy cn phi c bin php
nng cao dung lng ca mng, cht lng cc cuc m thoi cng nh cung cp thm
mt s dch v b sung cho mng. gii quyt vn ny ngi ta ngh n vic s
ha cc h thng in thoi di ng, v iu ny dn ti s ra i ca cc h thng in
thoi di ng th h 2. Ngy nay thng tin di ng l ngnh cng nghip vin thng pht
trin nhanh nht vi con s thu bao hn 3,6 t thu bao vi 500 triu thu bao 3G. Khi
ngun t dch v thoi t tin cho mt s t ngi i xe, n nay vi s ng dng ngy
cng rng ri cc thit b thng tin di ng th h ba, thng tin di ng c th cung cp
nhiu loi hnh dch v i hi tc s liu cao cho ngi s dng k c cc chc nng
camera, MP3 v PDA. Vi cc dch v i hi tc cao ngy cng tr nn ph bin ny,
nhu cu 3G cng nh pht trin n ln 4G ngy cng tr nn cp thit. ITU a ra n
tiu chun ha h thng thng tin di ng th h ba vi tn gi IMT-2000 t c cc
mc tiu chnh sau y:
- Tc truy nhp cao m bo cc dch v bng rng nh truy nhp internet
nhanh hoc cc ng dng a phng tin, do yu cu ngy cng tng v cc dch
v ny.
- Linh hot m bo cc dch v mi nh nh s c nhn ton cu v in
thoi v tinh. Cc tnh nng ny s cho php m rng ng k tm ph ca cc h
thng thng tin di ng.
- Tng thch vi cc h thng thng tin di ng hin c m bo s pht trin
lin tc ca thng tin di ng .
Nhiu tiu chun cho h thng thng tin di ng th h ba IMT-2000 c
xut, trong hai h thng WCDMA UMTS v cdma-2000 c ITU chp thun v
c a vo hot ng. Cc h thng ny u s dng cng ngh CDMA iu ny cho
php thc hin tiu chun ton th gii cho giao din v tuyn ca h thng thng tin ng
th h ba.
1.2. Lch s pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng 3G WCDMA
1.2.1. Lch trnh nghin cu pht trin h thng thng tin di ng th h ba.
Cng trnh nghin cu ca cc nc Chu u cho WCDMA bt u t cc n
CDMT (Code Division Multiple Testbed: Phng th nghim a truy nhp theo m) v
FRAMES (Future Radio Multiple Access Scheme: S a truy nhp v tuyn tng lai)
t u thp nin 90. Cc d n ny cng tin hnh thc nghim cc h thng WCDMA
nh gi cht lng ng truyn. Cng tc tiu chun ho chi tit c thc hin
3GPP. Lch trnh trin khai WCDMA c th hin hnh 1.1.

Hnh 1.1: Lch trnh nghin cu v a mng WCDMA vo khai thc

Chu u v Chu , h thng WCDMA c a ra khai thc vo u nm 2002
Lch trnh nghin cu pht trin ca cdma 2000/3GPP2 chia thnh 2 giai on:
Kt thc qu
trnh IMT - 2000
Pht hnh
3GPP 99-12/99
Th mng Nht Bn
Chu u,
Chu
3GPP pht hnh tip
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Mng
Tiu Chun
Giai on 1: (1997 1999)
9 Nghin cu pht trin mu u tin ca h thng;
9 Nm 1997: Xy dng tiu chun, xy dng cu trc mu u tin h thng v
thit k cc phng tin th nghim chung.
9 Nm 1998: Tip tc xy dng mu th u tin ca h thng v cc phng tin
th nghim chung;
9 Nm 1999: Kim tra kt ni cho m hnh u tin ca h thng.
Giai on 2: (2000 -2002)
9 Pht trin h thng vi mc tiu thng mi cc nh sn xut hng u ;
9 Nm 2002: Bt u dch v thng mi.
1.2.2. S lc qu trnh pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng n th h ba
Trong phn ny ta tng kt nn tng cng ngh chnh ca thng tin di ng t th
h mt n th h ba v qu trnh pht trin ca cc nn tng ny n nn tng ca th h
ba. tin ti th h ba c th th h hai phi tri qua mt giai on trung gian, giai on
ny gi l th h 2,5.

Hnh 1.2: Tng kt qu trnh pht trin ca thng tin di ng th h 1 n th h 3

IS-95
(J -STD-008)
IS-136
(1900)

GSM (1900)

GSM (1800)

GSM (900)
IS-136
TDMA (800)
IS-95
CDMA (800)

IDEN (800)

AMPS
NMT
(900)

TACS

SMR

GPRS

GPRS

EDGE
CDMA 2000
1x
CDMA 2000
Mx

WCDMA
1G 2G 2.5G 3G
1.3. C s xy dng h thng 3G WCDMA
1.3.1 Cc tiu chun
IMT-2000 cung cp h tng k thut cho cc dch v gia tng v cc ng dng trn
mt chun duy nht cho mng thng tin di ng.
- S dng di tn quy nh quc t 2GHz nh sau: ung ln: 1885 2025 MHz;
ng xung: 2110 -2200 MHz. IMT-2000 h tr tc ng truyn cao hn: tc ti
thiu l 2Mbps cho ngi dng vn phng hoc i b; 348Kbps khi di chuyn trn xe.
Trong khi , h thng vin thng 2G ch c tc t 9,6Kbps ti 28,8Kbps.
- L h thng thng tin di ng ton cu cho cc loi hnh thng tin v tuyn:
9 Tch hp cc mng thng tin hu tuyn v v tuyn,
9 Tng tc cho mi loi dch v vin thng t c nh, di ng, thoi, d liu,
Internet n cc dch v a phng tin.
- C th h tr cc dch v nh:
9 Cc phng tin ti nh o trn c s mng thng minh, di ng c nhn v
chuyn mng ton cu,
9 m bo chuyn mng quc t cho php ngi dng c th di chuyn n
bt k quc gia no cng c th s dng mt s in thoi duy nht,
9 m bo cc dch v a phng tin ng thi cho ting, s liu chuyn
mch knh v s liu chuyn mch gi.
- D dng h tr cc dch v mi xut hin.
Mi trng hot ng ca IMT 2000 c chia thnh 4 vng vi tc bit R nh sau:
9 Vng 1: Trong nh, pico, R
b
2 Mbit/s
9 Vng 2: thnh ph, macr, R
b
384 kbit/s
9 Vng 3: ngoi , macr, R
b
144 kbit/s
9 Vng 4: ton cu, R
b
=9,6 kbit/s.
IMT-2000 c nhng c im chnh nh sau:
1.3.1.1. Tnh linh hot:
Vi s lng ln cc v sp nhp v hp nht trong ngnh cng nghip in thoi
di ng v kh nng a dch v ra th trng ngoi nc, nh khai thc khng mun phi
h tr giao din v cng ngh khc. iu ny chc chn s cn tr s pht trin ca 3G
trn ton th gii. IMT-2000 h tr vn ny, bng cch cung cp h thng c tnh linh
hot cao, c kh nng h tr hng lot cc dch v v ng dng cao cp. IMT-2000 hp
nht 5 k thut (IMT-DS, IMT-MC, TMT-TC, IMT-SC, IMT-FT) v giao tip sng da
trn ba cng ngh truy nhp khc nhau (FDMA - a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s,
TDMA - a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian v CDMA - a truy nhp phn chia theo
m). Dch v gia tng trn ton th gii v pht trin ng dng trn tiu chun duy nht
vi 5 k thut v 3 cng ngh.
1.3.1.2. Tnh kinh t:
S hp nht gia cc ngnh cng nghip 3G l bc quan trng quyt nh gia tng
s lng ngi dng v cc nh khai thc.
1.3.1.3. Tnh tng thch:
Cc dch v trn IMT-2000 c kh nng tng thch vi cc h thng hin c.
Chng hn, mng 2G chun GSM s tip tc tn ti mt thi gian na v kh nng tng
thch vi cc h thng ny phi c m bo hiu qu v lin mch qua cc bc
chuyn.
1.3.1.4. Thit k theo modul:
Chin lc ca IMT-2000 l phi c kh nng m rng d dng pht trin s
lng ngi dng, vng ph sng, dch v mi vi khon u t ban u thp nht.

1.3.2 Cc phin bn ca 3G WCDMA
Khuyn ngh ITU-R M.1457 a ra 6 h tiu chun cng ngh cho giao din truy
nhp v tuyn thnh phn mt t ca cc h thng IMT-2000 (tn gi mng 3G ca ITU),
bao gm:
9 IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread,
9 IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier,
9 IMT-2000 CDMA TDD,
9 IMT-2000 TDMA Single-Carrier,
9 IMT-2000 FDMA/TDMA,
9 IMT-2000 OFDMA TDD WMAN (IP - OFDMA).
Mi tiu chun trong 6 tiu chun nu trn u c cc cng ty ln v mt s quc
gia c nn cng nghip in t, vin thng pht trin ng h v ra sc vn ng. Cc tiu
chun ny cnh tranh gay gt vi nhau trong vic chim lnh th trng thng tin di ng.
Mc d mt s nc trn th gii cp php bng tn 3G theo tiu ch c lp v
cng ngh (khng gn vic cp bng tn vi bt k cng ngh no) nhng thc t trin
khai nhiu nc cho thy trong bng tn 1900-2200 MHz, cng ngh WCDMA/HSPA
vn l cng ngh ch o, c a s cc nh khai thc la chn. Quy m th trng ln
ca cng ngh ny cng m bo rng n s c tip tc pht trin trong tng lai.
1.4. L trnh pht trin h thng thng tin di ng t 3G ln 4G
1.4.1. Gii thiu v h thng thng tin di ng 4G.
Vic nghin cu chuyn hng sang cc h thng thng tin di ng th h 4 (4G)
gii quyt cc vn tn ti trong h thng di ng th h 3. l vic cung cp cc loi
hnh dch v ngy cng a dng hn, t tn hiu thoi cht lng cao sang tn hiu video
phn gii cao, cc knh v tuyn c tc d liu cao. Khi nim 4G c s dng
rng ri khng ch c cc h thng in thoi t bo m cn bao gm cc kiu h thng
vin thng truy nhp v tuyn bng thng rng. Mt trong s cc thut ng dng m t
4G l MAGIC: Mobile multimedia (a phng tin di ng), Anytime anywhere (Bt
c khi no, bt c ni u), Global mobility support (H tr di ng ton cu),
Integrated wireless solution (Gii php v tuyn tch hp) v Customized personal
service (Dch v theo yu cu c nhn). Nh l mt li ha cho tng lai, h thng 4G l
h thng truy nhp v tuyn t bo bng thng rng, v ang l mi quan tm ln ca
lnh vc thng tin di ng. 4G khng ch h tr cho cc dch v thng tin di ng th h
tip theo m cn h tr cho c cc mng v tuyn c nh.
Chng ta xem xt trn c s ci nhn tng quan v cc c trng ca 4G, cch t chc
v tch hp h thng di ng. c trng ca 4G c th c ng li bng t tch hp. Cc
h thng 4G l mt s tch hp gn kt khng tch ri ca cc thnh phn thit b u cui,
mng li v cc ng dng nhm tho mn i hi khng ngng v ngy cng cao ca
ngi s dng.
1.4.2. M hnh mng 4G.
Phm vi ca mng 4G s bao ph ton b t cc phn truyn dn v tuyn, truyn dn
trong mng li n tn cc ng dng trn thit b u cui. Vi yu cu mt kin trc phn
lp cho h thng, nhm m bo tnh m v tnh thch ng cho h thng, cc thnh phn
chc nng trong mng s c chun ha theo cc chc nng chung v mi chc nng
chung ny s i din cho chc nng trong 1 lp. Vi yu cu trn, chng ta phn chia cu
trc mng trn c s ca 4 lp chc nng, tng ng vi 4 phm vi chc nng ca cc
thnh phn trong h thng mng.

Hnh 1.3: M hnh cu trc mng 4G

Vi m hnh trn, tnh tch hp h thng c gii quyt trn lp truyn dn. Cc
h thng s dng mi trng truyn v tuyn c tch hp chung vo mng RAN. Vi
m hnh ny, cc mng truy nhp v tuyn c tch hp vo mt mi trng chung, c
ngha thu bao di ng u cui khi bt c mi trng truyn v tuyn no cng m
bo hot ng trong mng.
Tnh tng tc gia cc lp gip cho m hnh c tnh m trong vic pht trin cng
ngh cng nh dch v trong tng lai. Vic x l cc cng ngh iu ch, m ho v truy
nhp trn cc lp tng tc cng to ra tnh thch nghi vi cc yu cu v dch v, m bo
y cc yu cu v tc dch v trong tng lai.
Chc nng mng truy nhp v tuyn:
- C kh nng tch hp gia cc thit b u cui
- m bo tc dch v
Chc nng ca mng li:
- Kt ni cc mng khc nhau: mng khng dy v mng c dy.
- Truyn ti traffic trn cc tuyn t ni gi n ch an ton.
- nh tuyn lu lng
- Chuyn i dng d liu all IP
Chc nng iu khin:
- Cung cp nn tng h tng kt ni mng dch v
- iu khin h thng: Bo hiu; Lu lng; Bo mt (Security); Billing; Mobity v
Roaming.
Dch v: Cung cp dch v s dng cho ngi dng

1.4.3. Cc yu cu i vi mng 4G
Mng 4G ra i l cuc cch mng v tc truyn d liu, kh nng tng tc,
giao tip gia cc mng khc nhau. N l s kt hp gia cc mng khc nhau da trn
nn IP. Mc ch chnh ca mng l cho php ngi dng c th truy nhp v khai thc
cc dch v trong mng vi tc cao, cht lng tt, an ton, bo mt. V vy, p
ng c cc nhu cu v cc dch v , mng 4G phi p ng c cc yu cu sau:
1.4.3.1. Mng 4G phi p ng c yu cu tch hp c cc mng khc nh cc
mng di ng th h 2, th h 3, th h 3,5G, v WLAN, WiMAX, v cc mng khng
dy khc.
Mng 4G c kh nng kt hp vi cc mng khc nhau da trn nn giao thc IP,
vi tc cao, n cung cp cc dch v a dng thi gian thc, cc ng dng cht lng
cao, y l yu t rt quan trng gip cho mt mng, cng ngh mi t c thnh
cng. Vi s kt hp ny, ngi s dng c kh nng kt ni ti nhiu mng, c th s
dng nhiu dng dch v khc nhau nh PSTN, ISDN, internet, WLAN, WiMAX, v.v,
m khng cn quan tm ti dng thit b ang s dng cng nh vic h ang u.

Hnh 1.4: S kt hp cc mng khc nhau

1.4.3.2. Mng c tnh m
Xem xt cc ng dng, dch v mng hin nay, chng ta thy rng cc h thng
mng hin nay vn ang pht trin nh l cc h thng ng. Trong mng th h hai, dch
v cung cp ch l nhng dch v n gin nh tin nhn SMS, MMS, Cc mng di ng
th h ba bt u cung cp mt s ng dng, dch v nhng cn rt t, cht lng cha
cao. Cc nh cung cp dch v cng ch trong phm vi l third-party trong mng. iu
ny c th c khc phc trong mng 4G. Cu trc m ca mng 4G cho php ci t cc
thnh phn mi vi cc giao din mi gia cc cu trc khc nhau trn cc lp. y l
iu rt quan trng, c bit cho cc dch v ti u trong mng di ng vi lin kt khng
dy v cc c tnh di ng. M hnh c xy dng ra phi c tnh m. iu ny gip cho
h thng tr nn linh hot trong qu trnh pht trin. Yu cu v m rng, nng cp h
thng hay thm vo cc ng dng, dch v mi lun l mt i hi i vi cc mng vin
thng hin nay. Do mng phi m bo cho kh nng p ng cc nhu cu ny ngay t
thi im hin ti cho n tng lai.

Hnh 1.5: Ngi dng cc mng khc nhau c th truy nhp vo h thng
1.4.3.3. m bo cht lng dch v cho cc ng dng a phng tin trn nn IP:
m bo cht lng dch v, cn s kt hp cht ch gia cc lp truy nhp,
truyn ti v cc dch v Internet. c bit i vi cc vn v tr mng, bng thng
dch vv.v. Mng 4G yu cu tc truyn d liu cao, tr nh, dch v thi gian
thc, cht lng cao.
1.4.3.4. m bo tnh an ton, bo mt thng tin
y l yu cu quan trng hng u ca h thng. H thng thng tin cng pht
trin, cng c nhiu ngi dng cc mng khc nhau cng truy nhp vo h thng th
thng tin b mt ca ngi dng cng khng m bo an ton. Tnh an ton ca h thng
Worldwide
internet
PSTN
Internet Gateway
Router
Slice manager
Service
adaptation
Wifi and
indoor
evolution
cenllular
slice
UniRAN
(3G +)
Localization
and
broadcast
slice
hot spot/
zone
slice
Wimax
4G coverage
outdoor
and
indoor
c nh gi qua kh nng bo mt trong truyn thng, tnh ng n v ring t ca cc
d liu ngi s dng cng nh kh nng qun l, gim st h thng. Bo mt l yu cu
chung i vi tt c cc h thng vin thng.
1.4.3.5. Mng m bo tnh di ng:
Mt trong nhng vn quan trng ca 4G l cch truy nhp nhiu mng di
ng v khng dy khc nhau. C ba kh nng: S dng thit b a ch , vng ph a
dch v, hoc s dng giao thc truy nhp chung.
Cc thit b a ch : Thit b a ch c nhiu ch hot ng khc nhau, v d
nh a truy nhp phn chia theo m, thng tin di ng ton cu GSM, ch truy nhp v
tinh, Do , khi thit b nm ngoi vng ph ca mng mnh th n vn c th truy nhp
c vo h thng thng qua cc mng khc. i vi loi thit b ny th vn cht
lng dch v yu cu phi c x l tt. Xem hnh 1.6a
Vng ph a dch v: Trong kin trc ny, ngi dng truy nhp vo vng ph a
dch v gm nhiu im truy nhp chung (UAP: Universal Access Point). Nhng UAP ny
kch hot chn mng da trn nhng ci c sn, c im cht lng, v s la chn
thng thng ca ngi dng. Ngi dng, thit b c th chuyn dch v khi di chuyn t
UAP ny sang UAP khc. Xem hnh 1.6b.
Giao thc truy nhp chung: Trong trng hp ny cc mng khng dy c th h tr
mt hoc hai giao thc truy nhp chun. Khi thit b c th chuyn mng c cng giao
thc truy nhp khi khng truy nhp c vo mng ca mnh. Xem hnh 1.6c

Hnh 1.6: Tnh di ng ca mng

1.4.3.6. Mng phi m bo v tc :
Mng mi ra i phi c tc truyn d liu cao, p ng c yu cu ca ngi
s dng. Tc truyn d liu trong mng mi c th ln n 100Mbps, v 160Mbps khi
s dng MIMO (Nhiu u vo - Nhiu u ra)

1.4.4. L trnh pht trin ln 4G

Hnh 1.7. L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G

1G
2G
3G
3G +
E3G

IMT Advanced 4G
Wifi
Wimax
1985 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
<10kbps <200kbps 300kbps-10Mbps <100Mbps 100Mbps-1Gbps

E3G: 3G tng cng
Cao

Trung
bnh
Thi gian
Tc s liu
Kh nng di ng
N TT NGHIP Chng 2: Cu trc mng 3G WCDMA
Chng 2:
CU TRC MNG WCDMA
2.1. Kin trc tng qut
2.1.1. Kin trc chung mng 3G WCDMA
Mng thng tin di ng 3G lc u l mng kt hp gia cc vng chuyn mch gi
(PS) v chuyn mch knh (CS) truyn s liu gi v ting. Cc trung tm chuyn mch
gi s l cc chuyn mch s dng cng ngh ATM. Trn ng pht trin n mng ton
IP, chuyn mch knh s dn c thay th bng chuyn mch gi. Cc dch v k c s
liu ln thi gian thc (nh ting v video) cui cng s c truyn trn cng mt mi
trng IP bng cc chuyn mch gi. Hnh 2.1 di y cho thy th d v mt kin trc
tng qut ca thng tin di ng 3G kt hp c CS v PS trong mng li.

RAN: Radio Access Network: mng truy nhp v tuyn
BTS: Base Transceiver Station: trm thu pht gc
BSC: Base Station Controller: b iu khin trm gc
RNC: Rado Network Controller: b iu khin trm gc
CS: Circuit Switch: chuyn mch knh
PS: Packet Switch: chuyn mch gi
SMS: Short Message Servive: dch v nhn tin
Server: my ch
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network: mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng
PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network: mang di ng cng cng mt t

Hnh 2.1: Kin trc tng qut ca mt mng di ng kt hp c CS v PS
RAN
Mng bo hiu

Thit

b

cng
Thit b
SMS
PSTN/PLMN

Internet

Intranet
Server
Chc nng dch v CS
Chc nng dch v PS
Chc nng dch v CS
Chc nng dch v PS
Nt kt hp dch v CS v dch v PS
Thit b chuyn
mch ni ht
Thit b chuyn
mch cng
Thng tin
v tr
iu khin dch
v tin tin
u
cui
ting
BTS/
Nt B
BSC/
RNC
u cui
s liu
Cc min chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi c th hin bng mt nhm cc
n v chc nng logic: trong thc hin thc t cc min chc nng ny c t vo cc
thit b v cc nt vt l. Chng hn c th thc hin chc nng chuyn mch knh
(MSC/GMSC) v chc nng chuyn mch gi (SGSN/GGSN) trong mt nt duy nht
c mt h thng tch hp cho php chuyn mch v truyn dn cc kiu phng tin
khc nhau: t lu lng ting n lu lng s liu dung lng ln.
3G UMTS c th s dng hai kiu RAN. Kiu th nht s dng cng ngh a truy
nhp WCDMA c gi l UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Network: mng truy nhp
v tuyn mt t ca UMTS). Kiu th hai s dng cng ngh a truy nhp TDMA c
gi l GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network: mng truy nhp v tuyn da trn
cng ngh EDGE ca GSM).
3G cung cp cc dch v chuyn mch knh nh ting, video v cc dch v chuyn
mch gi ch yu truy nhp Internet.
2.1.1.1. Chuyn mch knh
L s chuyn mch trong thit b chuyn mch thc hin cc cuc truyn tin
bng cch thit lp kt ni chim mt ti nguyn mng nht nh trong ton b cuc truyn
tin. Kt ni ny l tm thi, lin tc v dnh ring. Tm thi v n ch c duy tr trong
thi gian cuc gi. Lin tc v n c cung cp lin tc mt ti nguyn nht nh (bng
thng hay dung lng v cng sut) trong sut thi gian cuc gi. Dnh ring v kt ni
ny v ti nguyn ch dnh ring cho cuc gi ny. Thit b chuyn mch s dng cho CS
trong cc tng i ca thng tin di ng 2G thc hin chuyn mch knh trn trn c s
ghp knh theo thi gian trong mi knh c tc 64 kbps v v th ph hp cho vic
truyn cc ng dng lm vic ti tc c nh 64 kbps (chng hn ting c m ho
PCM).
2.1.1.2. Chuyn mch gi
L s chuyn mch thc hin phn chia s liu ca mt kt ni thnh cc gi c
di nht nh v chuyn mch cc gi ny theo thng tin v ni nhn c gn vi tng
gi v PS ti nguyn mng ch b chim dng khi c gi cn truyn. Chuyn mch gi
cho php nhm tt c cc s liu ca nhiu kt ni khc nhau ph thuc vo ni dung, kiu
hay cu trc s liu thnh cc gi c kch thc ph hp v truyn chng trn mt knh
chia s. Vic nhm cc s liu cn truyn c thc hin bng ghp knh thng k vi n
nh ti nguyn ng. Cc cng ngh s dng cho chuyn mch gi c th l Frame Relay,
ATM hoc IP. Hnh 2.2 cho thy cu trc ca CS v PS.

Hnh 2.2: Chuyn mch knh (CS) v chuyn mch gi (PS).
2.1.1.3. Dch v chuyn mch knh (CS Service)
L dch v trong mi u cui c cp pht mt knh ring v n ton quyn s
dng ti nguyn ca knh ny trong thi gian cuc gi tuy nhin phi tr tin cho ton b
thi gian ny d c truyn tin hay khng. Dch v chuyn mch knh c th c thc
hin trn chuyn mch knh hoc chuyn mch gi. Thng thng dch v ny c p
dng cho cc dch v thi gian thc (thoi).
2.1.1.4. Dch v chuyn mch gi (PS Service)
L dch v trong nhiu u cui cng chia s mt knh v mi u cui ch chim
dng ti nguyn ca knh ny khi c thng tin cn truyn v n ch phi tr tin theo lng
tin c truyn trn knh. Dch v chuyn mch gi ch c th c thc hin trn chuyn
mch gi. Dch v ny rt ph hp cho cc dch v phi thi gian thc (truyn s liu), tuy
nhin nh s pht trin ca cng ngh dch v ny cng c p dng cho cc dch v thi
gian thc (VoIP). Chuyn mch gi c th thc hin trn c s ATM hoc IP.
2.1.1.5. ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode: ch truyn d b)
L cng ngh thc hin phn chia thng tin cn pht thnh cc t bo 53 byte
truyn dn v chuyn mch. Mt t bo ATM gm 5 byte tiu (c cha thng tin nh
tuyn) v 48 byte ti tin (cha s liu ca ngi s dng). Thit b chuyn mch ATM cho
php chuyn mch nhanh trn c s chuyn mch phn cng tham chun theo thng tin
nh tuyn tiu m khng thc hin pht hin li trong tng t bo. Thng tin nh
tuyn trong tiu gm: ng dn o (VP) v knh o (VC). iu khin kt ni bng VC
Router
b) Chuyn mch gi (PS)
B nh
Router
Chuyn mch
Chuyn mch
a) Chuyn mch knh (CS)
B nh
(tng ng vi knh ca ngi s dng) v VP (l mt b cc VC) cho php khai thc v
qun l c kh nng m rng v c linh hot cao. Thng thng VP c thit lp trn
c s s liu ca h thng ti thi im xy dng mng.Vic s dng ATM trong mng li
cho ta nhiu li ch: c th qun l lu lng kt hp vi RAN, cho php thc hin cc
chc nng CS v PS trong cng mt kin trc v thc hin khai thc cng nh iu khin
cht lng lin kt.
2.1.1.6. Chuyn mch hay Router IP (Internet Protocol)
L mt cng ngh thc hin phn chia thng tin pht thnh cc gi c gi l ti tin
(Payload). Sau mi gi c gn mt tiu cha cc thng tin a ch cn thit cho
chuyn mch. Trong thng tin di ng do v tr ca u cui di ng thay i nn cn phi
c thm tiu b sung nh tuyn theo v tr hin thi ca my di ng. Qu trnh nh
tuyn ny c gi l truyn ng hm (Tunnel). C hai c ch thc hin iu ny:
MIP (Mobile IP: IP di ng) v GTP (GPRS Tunnel Protocol: giao thc ng hm
GPRS). Tunnel l mt ng truyn m ti u vo ca n gi IP c ng bao vo mt
tiu mang a ch ni nhn (trong trng hp ny l a ch hin thi ca my di ng)
v ti u ra gi IP c tho bao bng cch loi b tiu bc ngoi (hnh 2.3).

Hnh 2.3: ng bao v tho bao cho gi IP trong qu trnh truyn tunnel
Hnh 2.4 cho thy qu trnh nh tuyn tunnel (chuyn mch tunnel) trong h thng
3G UMTS t tng i gi cng (GGSN) cho mt my di ng (UE) khi n chuyn t vng
phc v ca mt tng i gi ni ht (SGSN1) ny sang mt vng phc v ca mt tng
i gi ni ht khc (SGSN2) thng qua giao thc GTP.
V 3G WCDMA UMTS c pht trin t nhng nm 1999 khi m ATM l cng
ngh chuyn mch gi cn ng tr nn cc tiu chun cng c xy dng trn cng ngh
ny. Tuy nhin hin nay v tng lai mng vin thng s c xy dng trn c s
internet v th cc chuyn mch gi s l chuyn mch hoc router IP.

Header 1 Playoad
Header 2 Header 1 Playoad
Header 2 Header 1 Playoad
Header 1 Playoad
Tunnel
u Tunnel
Cui Tunnel
ng bao
Tho bao
Gi IP
Gi IP

Hnh 2.4: Thit lp kt ni tunnel trong chuyn mch tunnel

2.1.2. Cu hnh a l ca mng 3G WCDMA
Do tnh cht di ng ca thu bao di ng nn mng di ng phi c t chc theo
mt cu trc a l nht nh mng c th theo di c v tr ca thu bao.
2.1.2.1. Phn chia theo vng mng
Trong mt quc gia c th c nhiu vng mng vin thng, vic gi vo mt vng
mng no phi c thc hin thng qua tng i cng. Cc vng mng di ng 3G
c i din bng tng i cng GMSC hoc GGSN. Tt c cc cuc gi n mt mng
di ng t mt mng khc u c nh tuyn n GMSC hoc GGSN. Tng i ny lm
vic nh mt tng i trung k vo cho mng 3G. y l ni thc hin chc nng hi
nh tuyn cuc gi kt cui trm di ng. GMSC/GGSN cho php h thng nh tuyn
cc cuc gi vo t mng ngoi n ni nhn cui cng: cc trm di ng b gi.
2.1.2.2. Phn chia theo vng phc v MSC/VLR v SGSN
Mt mng thng tin di ng c phn chia thnh nhiu vng nh hn, mi vng nh
ny c phc v bi mt MSC/VLR (hnh 2.5a). hay SGSN (hnh 2.5b) Ta gi y l
vng phc v ca MSC/VLR hay SGSN.
nh tuyn mt cuc gi n mt thu bao di ng, ng truyn qua mng s
c ni n MSC ang phc v thu bao di ng cn gi. mi vng phc v
MSC/VLR thng tin v thu bao c ghi li tm thi VLR. Thng tin ny bao gm hai
loi:
Thng tin v ng k v cc dch v ca thu bao,
Thng tin v v tr ca thu bao (thu bao ang vng nh v hoc vng nh
tuyn no).
GGSN
SGSN 1
UE
GGSN
SGSN 2 SGSN 2
Vng
i
UE
SGSN 1
Mng thng tin
di ng (CN)
Data ca ngi s
dng (cc gi IP)
Data ca ngi s
dng (cc gi IP)
Kt ni logic
(truyn tunnel)
Kt ni logic
(truyn tunnel)
Thay i v tr
Thit lp li
kt ni logic

Hnh 2.5: Phn chia mng thnh cc vng phc v ca MSC/VLR v SGSN
2.1.2.3. Phn chia theo vng nh v v vng nh tuyn
Mi vng phc v MSC/VLR c chia thnh mt s vng nh v: LA (Location
Area) (hnh 2.6a). Mi vng phc v ca SGSN c chia thnh cc vng nh tuyn (RA:
Routing Area) (hnh 2.6b).

Hnh 2.6: Phn chia vng phc v ca MSC/VLR v SGSN thnh LA v RA
Vng nh v (hay vng nh tuyn) l mt phn ca vng phc v MSC/VLR (hay
SGSN) m mt trm di ng c th chuyn ng t do v khng cn cp nht thng
tin v v tr cho MSC/VLR (hay SGSN) qun l v tr ny. C th ni vng nh v (hay
vng nh tuyn) l v tr c th nht ca trm di ng m mng cn bit nh tuyn cho
mt cuc gi n n. vng nh v ny thng bo tm s c pht qung b tm thu
bao di ng b gi. H thng c th nhn dng vng nh v bng cch s dng nhn dng
vng nh v (LAI: Location Area Identity) hay nhn dng vng nh tuyn (RAI: Routing
Area Identity). Vng nh v (hay vng nh tuyn) c th bao gm mt s v thuc mt
hay nhiu RNC, nhng ch thuc mt MSC (hay mt SGSN).
2.1.2.4. Phn chia theo
Vng nh v hay vng nh tuyn c chia thnh mt s (hnh 2.7).
l mt vng ph v tuyn c mng nhn dng bng nhn dng ton cu (CGI:
Cell Global Identity). Trm di ng nhn dng bng m nhn dng trm gc (BSIC: Base
a) Vng phc v MSC/VLR
I
MSC1
VLR1
II
MSC2
VLR2
III
MSC3
VLR3
IV
MSC4
VLR4
b) Vng phc v SGSN
I
SGSN1
II
SGSN2
III
SGSN3
IV
SGSN4
LA1 LA2 LA3
LA6
LA5
LA4
MSC
VLR
a) Phn chia vng phc v MSC/VLR
thnh cc vng nh v (LA)
RA1 RA2 RA3
RA6
RA5
RA4
SGSN
b) Phn chia vng phc v SGSN
thnh cc vng nh tuyn (RA)
Station Identity Code). Vng ph ca cc thng c m phng bng hnh lc gic
tin cho vic tnh ton thit k.

Hnh 2.7: Phn chia LA v RA

Hnh 2.7: Phn chia LA v RA
2.1.2.5. Mu
Mu c hai kiu: v hng ngang (omnidirectional) v phn on (sectorized). Cc
mu ny c cho trn hnh 2.8.

Hnh 2.8: Cc kiu mu
v hng ngang (hnh 2.8a) nhn c t pht x ca mt anten c bp sng trn
trong mt ngang (mt phng song song vi mt t) v bp sng c hng chc xung mt
t trong mt ng (mt phng vung gc vi mt t). phn on (hnh 2.8b) l nhn
c t pht x ca ba anten vi hng pht x cc i lch nhau 120
0
. Cc anten ny c
bp sng dng na s 8 trong mt ngang v trong mt ng bp sng ca chng chc
xung mt t. Trong mt s trng hp phn on c th c to ra t pht x ca
nhiu hn ba anten. Trong thc t mu c th rt a dng ty vo a hnh cn ph sng.
Tuy nhin cc mu nh trn hnh 2.8 thng c s dng thit k cho s ph
sng chun.
2.1.2.6. Tng kt phn chia vng a l trong cc h thng thng tin di ng 3G
Trong cc kin trc mng bao gm c min chuyn mch knh v min chuyn mch
gi, vng phc v mng khng ch c phn chia thnh cc vng nh v m cn c
phn chia thnh cc vng nh tuyn. Cc vng nh v l khi nim qun l di ng ca
min CS k tha t mng GSM. Cc vng nh tuyn l cc thc th ca min PS. Mng
LA1 LA2 LA3
LA6
LA5
LA4
MSC
VLR
a) Phn chia vng cc vng nh v
thnh cc
RA1 RA2 RA3
RA6
RA5
RA4
SGSN
b) Phn chia vng cc vng nh v
tuyn thnh cc
2 3
4 6 5
1
2 3
4 6 5
1
a) v hng b) phn on

li PS s dng RA tm gi. Nhn dng thu bao P-TMSI (Packet- Temporary Mobile
Subsscriber Identity: nhn dng thu bao di ng gi tm thi) l duy nht trong mt RA.
Trong mng truy nhp v tuyn, RA li c chia tip thnh cc vng ng k
UTRAN (URA: UTRAN Registration Area). Tm gi khi xng UTRAN s dng URA
khi knh bo hiu u cui c thit lp. URA khng th nhn thy c bn ngoi
UTRAN.
Quan h gia cc vng c phn cp nh cho hnh 2.9 ( khng c th hin).
LA thuc 3G MSC v RA thuc 3G SGSN. URA thuc RNC. Theo di v tr theo URA v
trong UTRAN c thc hin khi c kt ni RRC (Radio Resource Control: iu khin
ti nguyn v tuyn) cho knh bo hiu u cui. Nu khng c kt ni RRC, 3G SGSN
thc hin tm gi v cp nht thng tin v tr c thc hin theo RA.

Hnh 2.9: Cc khi nim phn chia vng a l trong 3G WCDMA UMTS.
2.1.3. Cc giao din m c bn ca UMTS:
Giao din Cu: y l giao din gia th thng minh USIM v ME. Giao din ny
tun theo tiu chun cho cc th thng minh.
Giao din Uu: y l giao din v tuyn WCDMA. Uu l giao din nh UE truy
cp c vi phn c nh ca h thng, v v th c th l phn giao din m quan
trng nht trong UMTS.
Giao din Iu: Giao din ny kt ni UTRAN ti mng li. Tng t nh cc giao
din tng thch trong GSM, l giao din A (i vi chuyn mch knh), v Gb (i
vi chuyn mch gi), giao din Iu em li cho cc b iu khin UMTS kh nng
xy dng c UTRAN v CN t cc nh sn xut khc nhau.
Giao din Iur: Giao din m Iur h tr chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC t cc nh
sn xut khc nhau, v v th b sung cho giao din m Iu.
Giao din Iub: Iub kt ni mt Nt B v mt RNC. UMTS l mt h thng in
thoi di ng mang tnh thng mi u tin m giao din gia b iu khin v
trm gc c chun ho nh l mt giao din m hon thin. Ging nh cc giao
din m khc, Iub thc y hn na tnh cnh tranh gia cc nh sn xut trong lnh
vc ny.

Hnh 2.10: Kin trc UTRAN

2.2. Mng truy nhp v tuyn UTRAN
2.2.1. Trm gc (Node B)
Trm gc l mt h thng truyn ng ring, l mt phn ca Cell. N bao gm mt
anten h thng (c trng cho thp v tuyn), nh trm v thit b v tuyn trm gc. Thit
b v tuyn trm gc bao gm thit b RF (pht - thu, thit b giao tip anten), khi iu
khin v khi cp ngun. Nhng b thu pht trm gc c nhiu phn c bn nh thit b di
ng. Tuy nhin, sng v tuyn trm gc c kt hp bi BSC h thng WCDMA v
nhng khi chc nng nhiu hn ca mt thit b di ng.
Phn thu pht v tuyn c chia thnh my pht v my thu. My pht chuyn tn
hiu thoi hay d liu thnh sng v tuyn RF truyn n thit b di ng, my thu thc
hin ngc li, chuyn sng v tuyn RF thnh tn hiu thoi hay d liu c nh tuyn
n MSC hay mng chuyn mch gi. Phn iu khin ra lnh cho qu trnh chn v tch
thng tin bo hiu.
Khng ging nhng thit b khng dy ngi dng u cui (nh in thoi di ng,
laptop) phn iu khin, pht v thu ca mt im truy nhp c th c phn nhm vo
nhng rack cm thit b, v d: mt rack n c th cha tt c nhng khuch i RF hay
nhng card thoi. Khc vi nhng h thng t ong tng t hay h thng s phin bn
trc y dnh ring mt my thu pht trong mi trm gc cho mt knh iu khin. H
thng WCDMA kt hp c nhng knh iu khin v thoi trn chung trn mt knh v
tuyn vt l.
2.2.2. Khi iu khin mng v tuyn RNC
Khi iu khin mng v tuyn l mt khi phi hp t ng (iu khin) trong h
thng WCDMA cho php mt hay nhiu trm thu pht gc lin lc vi mt trung tm
chuyn mch di ng hoc mt h thng thng tin gi d liu. RNC bao gm nhiu c
trng iu khin hn mt trm iu khin gc BSC thng thng.

2.3. Mng trc
2.3.1. Trung tm chuyn mch di ng MSC
Trung tm chuyn mch di ng MSC x l cc yu cu c phc v t cc thit b
di ng v ngi gi mt t, v nh tuyn nhng cuc gi gia nhng trm gc v mng
chuyn mch thoi cng cng PSTN. MSC nhn cc s c quay, to v gii thch cc
tone x l cuc gi, v nh tuyn ng dn cc cuc gi.
2.3.2. MSC cng (GMSC)
MSC cng l mt MSC nm gia PSTN v cc MSC khc trong mng. Chc nng
chnh ca n l nh tuyn cc gi vo h thng n MSC thch hp. Trong thc t c th
tt c cc MSC cng l GMSC.
2.3.3. Nt h tr phc v GPRS (SGSN)
Node h tr phc v GPRS l phn t trung tm trong mng chuyn mch gi. SGSN
ghi nh v bo dng danh sch cc gi tch cc trong mng v phi hp chuyn ti gi
gia cc v tuyn di ng.
2.3.4. Nt h tr cng GPRS (GGSN)
N l mt h thng chuyn mch gi khc vi SGSN ch nh tuyn cc gi vo, n
cn nh tuyn c cc gi ra. N c s dng kt ni vo mt mng truyn thng gi
data GPRS sang mt mng gi khc nh Internet.
2.3.5. B ang k nh v thng tr HLR
L mt c s d liu thu bao cha s nhn dng thu bao quc t IMSI ca mi
khch hng v s nhn dng thit b di ng quc t IMEI nhn bit n nht mi
khch hng, thng ch c 1 HLR cho nhiu MSC.
HLR gi thng tin c nhn mi khch hng bao gm chn khong sng mang di,
hn ch gi, mc np ph dch v, v nhng tu chn mng khc. Thu bao c th thay i
v gi s thay i tu chn ring trong HLR. B iu khin h thng MSC s dng
thng tin ny cho php truy nhp h thng v x l tnh cc cuc gi.
HLR l mt thit b nh t ca my tnh. C s d liu thu bao c ti u ho,
chng thng xuyn c sao lu bng bng t hoc a CDRom phc hi thng tin
nu h thng xy ra s c.
2.3.6. B ng k nh v tm tr VLR
VLR cha mt thit lp con ca mt thng tin HLR thu bao, c dng khi mt in
thoi di ng c tch cc trn mt MSC ring bit khc. VLR lu tr c nhng thng tin
thng tr v tm tr ca khch hng. VLR l i s kim tra lin tc t MSC i vi HLR
ca thit b di ng mi ln th truy nhp. Thng tin HLR ca ngi dng c lu gi
tm thi trong b nh VLR, v c xa i khi thit b di ng ng k vi mt MSC
khc hoc mt h thng khc.
2.3.7. B ng k nhn dng thit b EIR
EIR l mt c s d liu cha s nhn dng ca thit b di ng v trng thi ca
nhng thit b trong mng (c u quyn/cho php hoc khng c u quyn cho
php). EIR ch yu c dng nhn dng nhng thit b di ng c th b mt hoc c
kiu s dng ng ng. EIR c ba danh sch trng, en v xm. Danh sch trng lu gi
nhng thit b c nhn dng tt, danh sch en lu nhng thit b b v hiu. Danh sch
xm lu gi nhng thit b b nghi ng v c kim tra l khng hp l.
2.3.8. Trung tm nhn thc AuC
AuC cha v x l cc thng tin yu cu nhn dng hp l l ca thit b di ng
trc khi dch v c cung cp. Th tc nhn thc AuC cung cp thng tin n h thng
cho php tch cc mt thit b di ng c nhn hp l.
2.3.9. Mng trc IP
Mt mng xng sng l c s h tng ng trc ca mng kt ni nhng thnh
phn mng chnh li vi nhau. Mt h thng mng xng sng thng l mt mng thng
tin tc cao nh ATM hay FDDI. H thng WCDMA s dng mt mng trc c th
cung cp kh nng truyn IP im ni im.
Ni bt ca s dng truyn thng IP cho php mang n ngi dng gn sn thit b
mng IP. Tiu biu l gi thit b thp hn do phn ln c rao bn nhiu v tu chn,
gim gi c thc hin bo dng, v cho php s dng mt phn mm chun bo dng v
gim st cht lng.
N TT NGHIP Chng 3: K thut c bn ca mang 3G WCDMA

Chng 3:
K THUT CA MNG 3G WCDMA

3.1. Cc k thut c bn trong mng 3G WCDMA
3.1.1. K thut tri ph v a truy nhp theo m
3.1.1.1. Cc h thng thng tin tri ph
Trong cc h thng thng tin thng thng rng bng tn l vn quan tm
chnh v cc h thng ny c thit k s dng cng t rng bng tn cng tt.
Trong cc h thng iu ch bin song bin, rng bng tn cn thit pht mt
ngun tn hiu tng t gp hai ln rng bng tn ca ngun ny. Trong cc h thng
iu tn rng bng tn ny c th bng vi ln rng bng tn ngun ph thuc vo
ch s iu ch. i vi mt tn hiu s, rng bng tn cn thit c cng gi tr vi tc
bit ca ngun. rng bng tn chnh xc cn thit trong trng hp ny ph thuc
vo kiu iu ch (BPSK, QPSK v.v...).
Trong cc h thng thng tin tri ph (vit tt l SS: Spread Spectrum) rng bng
tn ca tn hiu c m rng. Khi ch c mt ngi s dng trong bng tn SS, s dng
bng tn nh vy khng c hiu qu. Tuy nhin mi trng nhiu ngi s dng, cc
ngi s dng ny c th dng chung mt bng tn SS v h thng tr nn s dng bng
tn c hiu sut m vn duy tr c cc u im ca tri ph.
Mt h thng thng tin s c coi l SS nu:
9 Tn hiu c pht chim rng bng tn ln hn rng bng tn ti thiu
cn thit pht thng tin.
9 Tri ph c thc hin bng mt m c lp vi s liu.
C ba kiu h thng SS c bn: chui trc tip (DSSS: Direct-Sequence Spreading
Spectrum), nhy tn (FHSS: Frequency-Hopping Spreading Spectrum) v nhy thi gian
(THSS: Time-Hopping Spreading Spectrum). Cng c th nhn c cc h thng lai ghp
t cc h thng ni trn. WCDMA s dng DSSS. DSSS t c tri ph bng cch nhn
lung s cn truyn vi mt m tri ph c tc chip (R
c
=1/T
c
, T
c
l thi gian mt chip)
cao hn nhiu tc bit (R
b
=1/T
b
, T
b
l thi gian mt bit) ca lung s cn pht. Hnh 3.1
minh ha qu trnh tri ph trong T
b
=15T
c
hay R
c
=15R
b
. Hnh 3.1a cho thy s n
gin ca b tri ph DSSS trong lung s cn truyn x c tc R
b
c nhn vi mt
m tri ph c tc R
c
c lung u ra y c tc R
c
ln hn nhiu so vi tc Rb
ca lung vo. Cc hnh 3.1b v 3.1c biu th qu trnh tri ph trong min thi gian v
min tn s. Ti pha thu lung y c thc hin gii tri ph khi phc li lung x
bng cch nhn lung ny vi m tri ph c ging nh pha pht: x=yc

Hnh 3.1. Tri ph chui trc tip (DSSS)
3.1.1.2. p dng DSSS cho CDMA
Trong cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo m da trn CDMA, mt tp m trc
giao c s dng v mi ngi s dng c gn mt m tri ph ring. Cc m tri ph
ny phi m bo iu kin trc giao sau y:
1. Tch hai m ging nhau bng 1: c
i
c
i
=1
2. Tch hai m khc nhau s l mt m mi trong tp m: c
i
c
j
=c
k
Bng 3.1. cho thy v d s dng b m gm tm m trc giao: c
0
, c
1
, , c
7
.
Bng 3.2 v 3.3 cho thy v d khi nhn hai m ging nhau trong bng 1 c 1 v
nhn hai m khc nhau trong bng 3.1 ta c mt m mi..
Bng 3.1. Th d b tm m trc giao
C
0
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
C
1
+1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1
C
2
+1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1
C
3
+1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1
C
4
+1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1
C
5
+1 -1 +1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1
C
6
+1 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1
C
7
+1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1

T
b
=15T
c
T
b
=15T
c
T
b
=15T
c
T
b
T
c
T
c
x(t)

c(t)

y(t)

t
t
t
b) Qu trnh x l tn hiu
trong min thi gian
Y(f)
C(f)
X(f)
B=R
b
f

f

f

c) Qu trnh x l tn hiu
trong min tn s

x y =c x
R
b
C
t
R
c
a) S tri ph DSSS


Bng 3.2. Th d nhn hai m ging nhau trong bng 1 c mt
C
1
+1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1
x x x x x x x x x
C
1
+1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1
C
1
x C
1

+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1

Bng 3.3. Th d nhn hai m khc nhau trong bng 1 c mt m mi trong tp 8 m
C
1
+1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1
x x x x x x x x x
C
3
+1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1
=C
2
+1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1

Nu ta xt mt h thng gm K ngi s dng c xy dng trn c s CDMA, th
sau tri ph cc ngi s dng ny s pht vo khng gian tp cc tn hiu y nh sau:
y = y
K
=1
= c
K
=1
x
(3.1)
Ta xt qu trnh x l tn hiu ny ti mt my thu k. Nhim v ca my thu ny l
phi ly ra x
k
v loi b cc tn hiu khc (cc tn hiu ny c gi l nhiu ng knh v
trong h thng CDMA chng c pht trn cng mt tn s vi x
k
). Nhn (3.1) vi x
k
v
p dng quy tc trc giao ni trn ta c:
x
k
= x
k
+ c
K
=1
=k
x
(3.2)
Thnh phn th nht trong (3.2) chnh l tn hiu hu ch cn thnh phn th hai l
nhiu ca cc ngi s dng cn l nhiu ca cc ngi s dng khc c gi l MAI
(Multiple Access Interferrence: nhiu a ngi s dng). loi b thnh phn th hai
my thu s dng b lc tng quan trong min thi gian kt hp vi b lc tn s trong
min tn s. Hnh 3.2 xt qu trnh gii tri ph v lc ra tn hiu hu ch ti my thu k
trong mt h thng CDMA c K ngi s dng vi gi thit cng sut pht t K my pht
nh nhau ti u vo my thu k. Hnh 3.2a cho thy s gii tri ph DSSS. Hnh 3.2b
cho thy ph ca tn hiu tng c pht i t K my pht sau tri ph, hnh 3.2c cho thy
ph ca tn hiu ny sau gii tri ph ti my thu k v hnh 3.2d cho thy ph ca tn hiu
sau b lc thng thp vi bng thng bng R
b
.
T hnh 3.2 ta thy t s tn hiu trn nhiu (SIR: Signal to Interference Ratio) l t
s gia din tch hnh ch nht c t m trn hnh 3.2b v tng din tch cc hnh ch
nht trng trn hnh 3.2c: SIR=S1/S2. T s ny t l vi t s Rc/Rb. v th t s Rc/Rb
c gi l li x l.

Hnh 3.2. Qu trnh gii tri ph v lc tn hiu ca ngi s dng k t K tn hiu.
3.1.2. Giao din v tuyn ca 3G WCDMA
WCDMA UMTS l mt trong cc tiu chun ca IMT-2000 nhm pht trin ca
GSM cung cp cc kh nng cho th h ba. WCDMA UMTS s dng mng a truy
nhp v tuyn trn c s WCDMA v mng li c pht trin t GSM/GPRS. WCDMA
c th c hai gii php cho giao din v tuyn: ghp song cng phn chia theo tn s
(FDD: Frequency Division Duplex) v ghp song cng phn chia theo thi gian (TDD:
Time Division Duplex). C hai giao din ny u s dng tri ph chui trc tip (DS-
CDMA). Gii php th nht s c trin khai rng ri cn gii php th hai ch yu s
c trin khai cho cc nh (Micro v Pico).
Gii php FDD s dng hai bng tn 5 MHz vi hai sng mang phn cch nhau
190MHz: ng ln c bng tn nm trong di ph t 1920 MHz n 1980 MHz, ng
xung c bng tn nm trong di ph t 2110 MHz n 2170 Mhz. Mc d 5 MHz l
rng bng danh nh, ta cng c th chn rng bng t 4,4 MHz n 5 MHz vi nc
c) Ph ca tn hiu thu
sau gii tri ph X
K
b) Ph ca u vo my thu k
ca cc tn hiu tri ph c
pht i t K mypht
d) Ph ca tn
hiu gii tri ph
sau b lc B=R
b
X
K
(f)
X
K
(f)
X
3
(f)
X
2
(f)
X
1
(f)
X
K
(f)
X
3
(f)
X
2
(f)
X
1
(f)
T s tn hiu trn nhiu (SIR) bng X(f) (din tch ch nht t m trn hnh b)
chia cho MAI (din tch ch nht trng trn hnh c)
Lc thng
thp B=R
c
X
K
(c tnh x)
a) S gii tri ph DSSS
y = y
K
=1
= c
K
=1
x

x
k
= x
k
+ c
K
=1
=k
x

C
k
f
S
1
S
2
MAI

X
K
(f) X
K
(f)
SIR=S
1
/S
2
tng l 200 KHz. Vic chn rng bng ng n cho php ta trnh c nhiu giao thoa
nht l khi khi 5 MHz tip theo thuc nh khai thc khc.
Gii php TDD s dng cc tn s nm trong di 1900 n 1920 MHz v t 2010
MHz n 2025 MHz; y ng ln v ng xung s dng chung mt bng tn.
Giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA/FDD ( n gin ta s b qua k hiu FDD nu
khng xt n TDD) hon ton khc vi GSM v GPRS, WCDMA s dung phng thc
tri ph chui trc tip vi tc chip l 3,84 Mcps. Trong WCDMA mng truy nhp v
tuyn c gi l UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network). Cc phn t ca
UTRAN rt khc vi cc phn t mng truy nhp v tuyn ca GSM. V th kh nng s
dng li cc BTS v BSC ca GSM l rt hn ch. Mt s nh sn xut cng c k
hoch nng cp cc GSM BTS cho WCDMA.
i vi cc nh sn sut ny c th ch tho ra mt s b thu pht GSM t BTS v
thay vo cc b thu pht mi cho WCDMA. Mt s rt t nh sn sut cn lp k hoch
xa hn. H ch to cc BSC ng thi cho c GSM v WCDMA. Tuy nhin a phn cc
nh sn sut phi thay th GSM BSC bng RNC mi cho WCDMA.
WCDMA s dng rt nhiu kin trc ca mng GSM, GPRS hin c cho mng ca
mnh. Cc phn t nh MSC, HLR, SGSN, GGSN c th c nng cp t mng hin c
h tr ng thi WCDMA v GSM.
Giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA/FDD c xy dng trn ba kiu knh: knh logic,
knh truyn ti v knh vt l. Knh logic c hnh thnh trn c s ng gi cc thng
tin t lp cao trc khi sp xp vo knh truyn ti. Nhiu knh truyn ti c ghp
chng vo knh vt l. Knh vt l c xy dng trn cng ngh a truy nhp CDMA kt
hp vi FDMA/FDD. Mi knh vt l c c trng bi mt cp tn s v mt m tri
ph. Ngoi ra knh vt l ng ln cn c c trng bi gc pha. Trong phn di y
trc ht ta xt kin trc giao thc ca giao din v tuyn sau ta s xt giao din v
tuyn ca WCDMA/FDD, sau s xt cc knh ny.
3.1.2.1. Kin trc ngn xp giao thc ca giao din v tuyn WCDMA/FDD
Kin trc giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA c cho trn hnh 3.3.
Ngn xp giao thc ca giao din v tuyn bao gm ba lp giao thc:
9 Lp vt l (L1): c t cc vn lin quan n giao din v tuyn nh iu ch v
m ha, tri ph v.v..
9 Lp lin kt ni s liu (L2): lp khun s liu vo cc khi s liu v m bo
truyn dn tin cy gia cc nt ln cn hay cc thc th ng cp.
9 Lp mng (L3): c t nh a ch v nh tuyn .

UP: Mt phng ngi s dng
CP: Mt phng iu khin
Hnh 3.3. Kin trc giao thc v tuyn cho UTRA FDD.
Mi khi th hin mt trng hp ca giao thc tng ng. ng khng lin nt th
hin cc giao din iu khin, qua giao thc RRC iu khin v lp cu hnh cc lp
di.
Lp 2 c chia thnh cc lp con: MAC (Medium Access Control: iu khin truy
nhp mi trng) v RLC (Radio link Control: iu khin lin kt), PDCP (Packet Data
Convergence Protocol: Giao thc hi t s liu gi) v BMC (Broadcast/Multicast
Control: iu khin qung b/a phng tin).
Lp 3 v RLC c chia thnh hai mt phng: mt phng iu khin (C-Plane) v mt
phng ngi s dng (U-Plane). PDCP v BMC ch c mt phng ngi dng.
Trong mt phng iu khin lp 3 bao gm RRC kt cui ti RAN v cc lp con cao
hn: MM (Mobility Management) v CC (Connection Management), GMM (GPRS
Mobility Management), SM (Session Management) kt cui ti mng li (CN).
PDCP
MAC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RRC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
PDCP
BMC
PHY
Bo hiu CP Thng tin UP
CC, MM, GMM, SMS, SS Giao thc UP
iu khin
L3

L2/PDCP

L2/BMC

L2/RLC

im truy nhp dch v (SAP) cho thng tin ng cp
Cc lp con
cao hn ca
Lp vt l l lp thp nht giao din v tuyn. Lp vt l c s dng truyn
dn giao din v tuyn. Mi knh vt l lp ny c xc nh bng mt t hp tn s,
m ngu nhin ho (m nh knh) v pha (ch cho ng ln). Cc knh c s dng vt
l truyn thng tin cu cc lp cao trn giao din v tuyn, tuy nhin cng c mt s
knh vt l ch c dnh cho hot ng ca lp vt l.
truyn thng tin giao din v tuyn, cc lp cao phi chuyn cc thng tin ny
qua lp MAC n lp vt l bng cch s dng cc knh logic. MAC sp xp cc knh
ny ln cc knh truyn ti trc khi a n lp vt l lp ny sp xp chng ln cc
knh vt l.
3.1.2.2. Cc thng s lp vt l v quy hoch tn s
a. Cc thng s lp vt l
Cc thng s lp vt l ca WCDMA c cho trong bng 3.4
Bng 3.4. Cc thng s lp vt l W-CDMA
W-CDMA
S a truy nhp DS-CDMA bng rng
rng bng tn (MHz) 5/10/15/20
Mnh ph 200 kHz
Tc chip (Mcps) (1,28)/3,84/7,68/11,52/15,36
di khung 10 ms
ng b gia cc nt B D b/ng b
M ha sa li M turbo, m xon
iu ch DL/UL QPSK/BPSK
Tri ph DL/UL QPSK/OCQPSK (HPSK)
B m ha thoi CS-ACELP/(AMR)
T chc tiu chun 3GPP/ETSI/ARIB

DL: Downlink: ng xung;
UL: Uplink: ng ln
OCQPSK (HPSK): Orthogonal Complex Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (Hybrid PSK) =
kha chuyn pha vung gc trc giao
CS-ACELP: Conjugate Structure-Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction =D bo
tuyn tnh kch thch theo m li s cu trc phc hp
3GPP: Third Generation Parnership Project: n ca cc i tc th h ba
ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute: Vin tiu chun vin thng
Chu u
ARIB: Association of Radio Industries and Business: Lin hip cng nghip v kinh
doanh v tuyn.
b. Quy hoch tn s
Cc bng tn s dng cho WCDMA FDD trn ton cu c phn b nh sau:
Bng 3.5: Phn b bng tn trn ton cu.
Bng
cng tc
Tn Tng ph
ng ln
(MHz)
ng xung
(MHz)

Bng VII 2600 2x70 MHz 2500-2570 2620-2690 Bng 3G mi
Bng I 2100 2x60 MHz 1920-1980 2110-2170 Bng IMT 2000 (bng WCDMA ch
Bng II 1900 2x60 MHz 1850-1910 1930-1990 Bng PCS ti M v Chu M La Tinh
Bng IV 1700/2100 2x45 MHz 1710-1755 2100-2155 Bng 3G mi M v Chu M La Tinh
Bng II 1800 2x75 MHz 1720-1785 1805-1880 Chu u, chu v Brazil
Bng IX 1700 2x35 MHz 1750-1785 1845-1800 Nht
Bng VIII 900 2x35 MHz 880-915 925-960 Chu u v chu
Bng V 850 2x25 MHz 824-849 869-894 M, chu M v chu
Bng VI 800 2x10 MHz 830-840 875-885 Nht

WCDMA s dng phn b tn s quy nh cho IMT-2000. chu u v hu ht
cc nc chu bng tn IMT-2000 l 260 MHz (1920-1980 MHz cng vi 2110-2170
MHz) c th s dng cho WCDMA/ FDD. Bng tn s dng cho TDD chu u thay
i, bng tn c cp theo giy php c th l 25 MHz cho s dng TDD 1900-1920
(TDD1) v 2020-2025 MHz (TDD2). Bng tn cho cc ng dng TDD khng cn xin
php (SPA=Self Provided Application: ng dng t cp) c th l 2010-2020 MHz. Cc
h thng FDD s dng cc bng tn khc nhau cho ng ln v ng xung vi phn
cch l khong cch song cng, cn cc h thng TDD s dng cng tn s cho c ng
ln v ng xung.
UMTS quy nh khai thc song cng phn chia theo tn s l ch tiu chun cho
thng tin thai v s liu. Hot ng ng thi v lin tc ca cc mch in pht v thu l
cc thay i ng k nht so vi hat ng ca GSM.
Bng tn cho hot ng FDD cho cc bng I, II v III c cho trn bng 3.6. Bng
I (B1) l n nh bng chnh Chu u. Quy nh dnh hai cp pht 60MHz vi khong
cch song cng chun 190MHz, tuy nhin quy nh cng cho php song cng kh bin,
trong khong cch pht thu nm trong khong 130 n 250MHz. H thng song cng
kh bin t ra cc yu cu b sung i vi thit k my pht thu v cc b t tn s my
pht v my thu phi hot ng c lp vi nhau. Bng II (B2) ti s dng bng hin c
ca h thng thng tin di ng c nhn v d nh s dng M m bo ng tn
ti UMTS v GSM. Khong cch song cng ch bng 80MHz i vi bng II v th t ra
cc yu cu kh khn hn i vi phn cng ca my thu pht.

Hnh 3.4: Cp pht bng tn WCDMA/FDD
Ti Vit Nam bng tn 3G c cp pht tn s theo tm khe tn s nh cho trong
bng 3.7, trong hai hoc nhiu nh khai thc c th cng tham gia xin cp pht chung
mt khe.
Bng 3.6. Cp pht tn s 3G ti Vit Nam
Khe tn s
FDD TDD
BSTx* BSRx** BSTx/BSRx
A 2110-2125 MHz 1920-1935 MHz 1915-1920 MHz
B 2125-2140 MHz 1935-1950 MHz 1910-1915 MHz
C 2140-2155 MHz 1950-1965 MHz 1905-1910 MHz
D 2155-2170 MHz 1965-1980 MHz 1900-1905 MHz

* BSTx: my pht trm gc
** BSRx: my thu trm gc
L do cp pht cc knh 5MHz khc nhau ti cc nc khc nhau l ch cc nh
khai thc phi quy hoch m v phi trnh vic s dng cc m gy ra nhiu knh ln cn
trong cng mt nc hoc cc nh khai thc khc trong nc lin k. V th cn phi
nghin cu quan h gia cc t hp m tri ph v hot ng ca cc knh ln cn.
3.1.2.3. Cc knh ca WCDMA
Cc knh ca WCDMA c chia thnh cc loi knh sau y:
Knh vt l (PhCH): knh mang s liu trn giao din v tuyn. Mi PhCH c mt
tri ph m nh knh duy nht phn bit vi knh khc. Mt ngi s dng tch cc c
th s dng cc PhCH ring, chung hoc c hai. Knh ring l knh PhCH dnh ring cho
mt UE cn knh chung c chia s gia ccUE trong mt .
ng ln B3
1710-1785MHz
ng xung B3
1850-1880MHz
ng ln B2
1850-1910MHz
ng xung B2
1930-1990MHz
ng ln B1
1920-1980MHz
ng xung B1
2110-2170MHz
Knh truyn ti (TrCH): knh do lp vt l cung cp cho lp 2 truyn s liu.
Cc knh TrCH c sp xp ln cc PhCH
Knh Logic (LoCH): knh c lp con MAC ca lp 2 cung cp cho lp cao hn.
Knh LoCH c xc nh bi kiu thng tin m n truyn.
a. Cc knh logic (LoCH)
Ni chung cc knh logic (LoCH: Logical Channel) c chia thnh hai nhm: cc
knh iu khin (CCH: Control Channel) truyn thng tin iu khin v cc knh lu
lng (TCH: Traffic Channel) truyn thng tin ca ngi s dng. Cc knh logic v
ng dng ca chng c tng kt nh sau:
CCH: Control Channel: Knh iu khin
9 BCCH: (Broadcast Control Channel: Knh iu khin qung b): knh
ng xung pht qung b thng tin h thng.
9 PCCH: (Paging Control Channel: Knh iu khin tm gi): knh ng
xung pht qung b thng tin tm gi.
9 CCCH: (Common Control Channel: Knh iu khin chung): knh hai
chiu pht thng tin iu khin gia mng v UE. c s dng khi
khng c kt ni RRC hoc khi truy nhp mt mi.
9 DCCH: (Dedicated Control Channel: Knh iu khin ring): knh hai
chiu im n im pht thng tin iu khin ring gia UE v mng.
c thit lp bi thit lp kt ni ca RRC.
TCH: Traffic Channel: Knh lu lng
9 DTCH: (Dedicated Traffic Channel: Knh lu lng ring): knh hai
chiu im n im ring cho mt UE truyn thng tin ca ngi s
dng. DTCH c th tn ti c ng ln ln ng xung.
9 CTCH: (Common Traffic Channel: Knh lu lng chung): knh mt
chiu im a im truyn thng tin ca mt ngi s dng cho tt c hay
mt nhm ngi s dng quy nh hoc ch cho mt ngi s dng. Knh
ny ch c ng xung.
b. Cc knh truyn ti (TrCH)
Cc knh logic c lp MAC chuyn i thnh cc knh truyn ti. Tn ti hai
kiu knh truyn ti: cc knh ring v cc knh chung. im khc nhau gia chng l:
knh chung l ti nguyn c chia s cho tt c hoc mt nhm cc ngi s dng trong
, cn knh knh ring c n nh ring cho mt ngi s dng duy nht. Cc knh
truyn ti chung bao gm: BCH (Broadcast channel: Knh qung b), FACH (Fast Access
Channel: Knh truy nhp nhanh), PCH (Paging Channel: Knh tm gi), DSCH (Down
Link Shared Channel: Knh chia s ng xung), CPCH (Common Packet Channel:
Knh gi chung). Knh ring ch c mt knh duy nht l DCH (Dedicated Channel: Knh
ring). Knh truyn ti chung c th c p dng cho tt c cc ngi s dng trong
hoc cho mt ngi hoc nhiu ngi c th.
Khi knh truyn ti chung c s dng pht thng tin cho tt c cc ngi s
dng th knh ny khng cn c a ch. Chng hn knh BCH pht thng tin qung b
cho tt c cc ngi s dng trong . Khi knh truyn ti chung p dng cho mt ngi s
dng c th, th cn pht nhn dng ngi s dng trong bng (trong bn tin s c
pht). Knh PCH l knh truyn ti chung c s dng tm gi mt UE c th s
cha thng tin nhn dng ngi s dng bn trong bn tin pht. Danh sch cc knh
truyn ti v ng dng ca chng nh sau:
9 DCH (Dedicated Channel: Knh ring): knh hai chiu c s dng pht s
liu ca ngi s dng, c n nh ring cho ngi s dng. C kh nng thay
i tc v iu khin cng sut nhanh.
9 BCH (Broadcast channel: Knh qung b): knh chung ng xung pht
thng tin qung b (nh thng tin h thng, thng tin ).
9 FACH (Forward Access Channel: Knh truy nhp ng xung): knh chung
ng xung pht thng tin iu khin v s liu ca ngi s dng. Knh chia
s chung cho nhiu UE. c s dng truyn s liu tc thp cho lp cao hn
9 PCH (Paging Channel: Knh tm gi): knh ng xung pht tn hiu tm gi
9 RACH (Random Access Channel): knh chung ng ln pht thng tin iu
khin v s liu ngi s dng. p dng trong truy nhp ngu nhin v c s
dng trc ht truyn s liu cm.
9 DSCH (Dowlink Shared Channel: Knh chia s ng xung): knh chung
ng xung pht s liu gi. Chia s cho nhiu UE. S dng trc ht cho
truyn dn s liu tc cao.
Cc knh logic c chuyn thnh cc knh truyn ti nh cho trn hnh 3.5.

Hnh 3.5: Chuyn i gia cc LoCH v TrCH trn ng ln v ng xung

c. Cc knh vt l
Mt knh vt l c coi l t hp ca tn s, m ngu nhin, m nh knh v c
pha tng i (i vi ng ln). Knh vt l (Physical Channel) bao gm cc knh vt
l ring (DPCH: Dedicated Physical channel) v knh vt l chung (CPCH: Common
Physical Channel). Cc knh vt l c tng kt nh sau:

ng ln; ng xung
Hnh 3.6. Tng kt cc kiu knh vt l
Physical Channel
DPDCH
DPCCH
CPICH
P-CCPCH
S-CCPCH
SCH
PDSCH
PRACH
PCPCH
AICH
PICH

DPCH

CPCH
ng ln ng xung

Cc knh CCCH DTCH/DCCH BCCH PCCH CCCH CTCH DTCH/DCCH
logic Cc MAC SAP

Cc knh RACH CPCH DCH BCH PCH FACH DCH DSCH HS-DSCH
truyn ti (ch cho FDD)

BCCH: Broadcast Control Channel: Knh iu khin qung b BCH: Broadcast Channel: Knh qung b
CCCH: Common Control Channel: Knh iu khin chung CCH: Common Channel: Knh iu khin
CTCH: Common Packet Channel: Knh gi cung DCCH: Dedicated Control Channel: Knh iu khin ring
DCH: Dedicated Channel: Knh ring DSCH: Downlink Shared Channel: Knh chia s ng xung
DTCH: Dedicated Traffic Channel: Knh lu lng ring HS-DSCH: High-Speech DSCH: Knh chia s tc cao
PCCH: Paging Control Channel: Knh iu khin tmgi PCH: Paging Channel: Knh tmgi
RACH: Random Access Channel: Knh truy nhp ngu nhin
9 DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel: Knh vt l ring): knh hai chiu ng
xung/ng ln c n nh ring cho UE. Gm DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data
Channel: Knh vt l s liu ring) v DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel:
Knh vt l iu khin ring). Trn ng xung DPDCH v DPCCH c ghp theo
thi gian vi ngu nhin ha phc cn trn ng ln c ghp m I/Q vi ngu
nhin ha phc.
9 DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel: Knh vt l s liu ring): khi s dng
DPCH, mi UE c n nh t nht mt DPDCH. Knh c s dng pht s liu
ngi s dng t lp cao hn.
9 DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel: Knh vt l iu khin ring): khi s
dng DPCH, mi UE ch c n nh mt DPCCH. Knh c s dng iu khin
lp vt l ca DPCH. DPCCH l knh i km vi DPDCH cha: cc k hiu hoa tiu,
cc k hiu iu khin cng sut (TPC: Transmission Power Control), ch th kt hp
khun dng truyn ti. Cc k hiu hoa tiu cho php my thu nh gi hng ng
xung kim ca knh v tuyn v thc hin tch sng nht qun. Cc k hiu ny cng
cn cho hot ng ca anten thch ng (hay anten thng minh) c bp sng hp. TPC
iu khin cng sut vng kn nhanh cho c ng ln v ng xung. TFCI thng
tin cho my thu v cc thng s tc thi ca cc knh truyn ti: cc tc s liu hin
thi trn cc knh s liu khi nhiu dch v c s dng ng thi. Ngoi ra TFCI c
th b b qua nu tc s liu c nh. Knh cng cha thng tin hi tip hi tip
(FBI: Feeback Information) ng ln m bo vng hi tip cho phn tp pht v
phn tp chn la.
9 PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel: Knh vt l truy nhp ngu nhin):
knh chung ng ln. c s dng mang knh truyn ti RACH.
9 PCPCH (Physical Common Packet Channel: Knh vt l gi chung): knh chung
ng ln. c s dng mang knh truyn ti CPCH.
9 CPICH (Common Pilot Channel: Knh hoa tiu chung): knh chung ng xung.
C hai kiu knh CPICH: PCPICH (Primary CPICH: CPICH s cp) v S-CPICH
(Secondary CPICH: CPICH th cp). P-CPICH m bo tham chun nht qun cho
ton b UE thu c SCH, P-CCPCH, AICH v PICH v cc knh nay khng c
hoa tiu ring nh cc trng hp knh DPCH. Knh SCPICH m bo tham kho
nht qun chung trong mt phn hoc on cho trng hp s dng anten thng
minh c bp sng hp. Chng hn c th s dng SCPICH lm tham chun cho S-
CCPCH (knh mang cc bn tin tm gi) v cc knh DPCH ng xung.
9 P-CCPCH (Primary Common Control Physical Channel: Knh vt l iu khin
chung s cp): knh chung ng xung, mi c mt knh truyn BCH.
9 S-CCPCH (Secondary Common Control Physical Channel: Knh vt l iu khin
chung th cp): knh chung ng xung. Mt c th c mt hay nhiu S-CCPCH.,
c s dng truyn PCH v FACH.
9 SCH (Synchrronization Channel: Knh ng b): knh chung ng xung. C hai
kiu knh SCH: SCH s cp v SCH th cp. Mi ch c mt SCH s cp v th
cp., c s dng tm .
9 PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel: Knh vt l chia s ng xung):
knh chung ng xung. Mi c nhiu PDSCH (hoc khng c), c s dng
mang knh truyn ti DSCH.
9 AICH (Acquisition Indication Channel: Knh ch th bt): knh chung ng xung
i cp vi PRACH, c s dng iu khin truy nhp ngu nhin ca PRACH.
9 PICH (Page Indication Channel: Knh ch th tm gi): knh chung ng xung i
cp vi S-CCPCH (khi knh ny mang PCH) pht thng tin kt cui cuc gi cho
tng nhm cuc gi kt cui. Khi nhn c thng bo ny, UE thuc nhm kt cui
cuc gi th n s thu khung v tuyn trn S-CCPCH.
9 AP-AICH (Access Preamble Acquisition Indicator Channel: Knh ch th bt tin t
truy nhp): knh chung ng xung i cp vi PCPCH iu khin truy nhp ngu
nhin cho PCPCH.
9 CD/CA-ICH (CPCH Collision Detection/Channel Assignment Indicator Channel:
Knh ch th pht hin va chm CPCH/n nh knh): knh chung ng xung i
cp vi PCPCH. c s dng iu khin va chm PCPCH.
9 CSICH (CPCH Status Indicator Channel: Knh ch th trng thi CPCH): knh
chung ng xung lin kt vi AP-AICH pht thng tin v trng thi kt ni ca
PCPCH.

Cc cc knh truyn ti c chuyn thnh cc knh vt l nh bng 3.7:

Bng 3.7: Chuyn i gia cc knh truyn ti v cc knh vt l
Cc knh truyn ti Cc knh vt l
DCH
Knh s liu vt l ring (DPDCH)
Knh iu khin vt l ring (DPCCH)
RACH Knh truy nhp ngu nhin vt l (PRACH)
CPCH
Knh gi chung vt l (PCPCH)
Knh hoa tiu chung (CPICH)
BCH Knh vt l iu khin chung s cp (P-CCPCH)
FACH
Knh vt l iu khin chung th cp (S-CCPCH)
PCH
DSCH
Knh ng b (SCH)
Knh chia s ng xung vt l (PDSCH)
Knh ch th bt (AICH)
Knh ch th bt tin t truy nhp (AP-AICH)
Knh ch th tm gi (PICH)
Knh ch th trng thi CPCH (CSICH)
Knh ch th pht hin va chm/n nh knh (CD/CA-ICH)

Hnh 3.7 cho thy vic ghp hai knh truyn ti ln mt knh vt l v cung cp ch th li
cho tng khi truyn ti ti pha thu.

TFI= Transport Format Indicator: Ch th khun dng truyn ti
TFCI= Transport Format Combination Indicator: Ch th kt hp khun dng truyn ti
Hnh 3.7: Ghp cc knh truyn ti ln knh vt l
Khi
truyn ti
Khi
truyn ti

TFI
Khi
truyn ti

TFI
Khi
truyn ti
Khi truyn ti
v ch th li
Khi truyn ti
v ch th li

TFI
Khi truyn ti
v ch th li

TFI
Khi truyn ti
v ch th li
Gii m v
gii ghp knh

Gii TFCI
M ha v
ghp knh

TFCI
Knh iu
khin vt l
Cc knh s
liu vt l
Cc knh s
liu vt l
Knh iu
khin vt l
My pht
My thu
Cc lp cao hn
Lp vt l
Knh truyn ti 1 Knh truyn ti 2
3.1.2.4. Cu trc knh vt l ring
Cu trc knh vt l ring c trnh by trn hnh 3.8. Trong m hnh ny mi cp
hai bit th hin mt cp I/Q (mt k hiu) ca iu ch QPSK. T hnh v ta thy, cu trc
khung bao gm mt chui cc khung v tuyn, mi khung bao gm 15 khe (di 10 ms,
cha 38400 chip) v mi khe cha 2560 chip (di 0,667 ms) bng mt chu k iu khin
cng sut (tn s iu khin cng sut l 1500 ln trong mt giy).

Hnh 3.8. Cu trc knh vt l ring cho ng ln v ng xung
Cu trc knh vt l ring ng ln cho mt khe (mt chu k iu khin cng
sut) c cho trn hnh 3.8. Thng tin ring lp cao hn bao gm s liu ngi s dng
v bo hiu c mang bi DPDCH ng ln v thng tin iu khin to ra bi lp 1
c mang bi DPCCH. DPCCH bao gm cc k hiu hoa tiu quy nh trc (c s
dng c tnh knh v tch sng nht qun), cc lnh iu khin cng sut (TPC:
Transmit Power Control), thng tin phn hi (FBI: Feedback Information) cho phn tp
pht vng kn v k thut phn tp chn trm (SSDT: Site Selection Diversity Technique),
TFCI (ty chn). C th khng c, mt hay mt s (nhiu nht l 6) knh DPDCH trn
mt lin kt v tuyn, nhng ch c mt DPCCH cho lin kt ny. DPDCH (hoc cc
DPDCH) v DPCCH c ghp chung theo m I/Q vi ngu nhin ha phc.
Cu trc knh vt l ring ng xung c m t trn hnh 3.8.Trn ng
xung knh ring (DPCH) ng xung bao gm DPDCH ng xung v DPCCH
ng xung ghp theo thi gian vi ngu nhin ha phc. S liu ring c to ra ti
cc mc cao hn trn DPDCH c ghp theo thi gian vi cc bit hoa tiu, cc lnh TPC
v cc bit TFCI (ty chn) c to ra ti lp vt l. TFCI c th c hoc khng c, nu
khng c cc bit TFCI, DTX (pht khng lin tc) c s dng trong trng tng ng.
3.1.3. Truy nhp gi tc cao (HSPA)
3.1.3.1. Tng quan truy nhp gi tc cao (HSPA)
Truy nhp gi tc cao ng xung (HSDPA: High Speed Down Link Packet
Access) c 3GPP chun ha ra trong R5 vi phin bn tiu chun u tin vo nm
2002. Truy nhp gi ng ln tc cao (HSUPA) c 3GPP chun ha trong R6 v
thng 12 nm 2004. C hai HSDPA v HSUPA c gi chung l HSPA. Cc mng
HSDPA u tin c a vo thng mi vo nm 2005 v HSUPA c a vo
thng mi vo nm 2007. Cc thng s tc nh ca R6 HSPA c cho trong bng
3.8.
Bng 3.8: Cc thng s tc nh R6 HSPA
HSDPA (R6) HSUPA (R6)
Tc nh (Mbps) 14,4 5,7

Tc s liu nh ca HSDPA lc u l 1,8Mbps v tng n 3,6 Mbps v
7,2Mbps vo nm 2006 v 2007, trn 14,4Mbps nm 2008. Trong giai on u tc
nh HSUPA l 1-2Mbps trong giai on hai tc ny t n 4 - 5,7 Mbps vo nm
2008. HSPA c trin khai trn WCDMA hoc trn cng mt sng mang hoc s dng
mt sng mang khc t c dung lng cao.
HSPA chia s chung h tng mng vi WCDMA. nng cp WCDMA ln HSPA
ch cn b sung phn mm v mt vi phn cng nt B v RNC. Lc u HSPA c thit
k cho cc dch v tc cao phi thi gian thc, tuy nhin R6 v R7 ci thin hiu sut
cu HSPA cho VoIP v cc ng dng tng t khc.
Khc vi WCDMA trong tc s liu trn cc giao din nh nhau (384 kbps
cho tc cc i chng hn), tc s liu HSPA trn cc giao din khc nhau. Hnh 4.2
minh ha iu ny cho HSDPA. Tc nh (14,4Mbps trn 2 ms) ti u cui ch xy ra
trong thi im iu kin knh truyn tt v th tc trung bnh c th khng qu 3Mbps.
m bo truyn lu lng mang tnh cm ny, nt cn c b m lu li lu lng
v b lp biu truyn lu lng ny trn h tng mng.


Hnh 3.9: Tc s liu khc nhau trn cc giao din (trng hp HSDPA)
3.1.3.2. Truy nhp gi tc cao ng xung (HSDPA)
HSDPA c thit k tng thng lng s liu gi ng xung bng cch kt
hp cc cng ngh lp vt l: truyn dn kt hp pht li nhanh v thch ng nhanh c
truyn theo s iu khin ca nt B.
c im ch yu ca HSDPA l truyn dn knh chia s. Trong truyn dn knh
chia s, mt b phn ca tng ti nguyn v tuyn ng xung kh dng trong (cng
sut pht v m nh knh trong WCDMA) c coi l ti nguyn chung c chia s
ng theo thi gian gia cc ngi s dng. Truyn dn knh chia s c thc hin thng
qua knh chia s ng xung tc cao (HS-DSCH: High-Speed Dowlink Shared
Channel). HS-DSCH cho php cp pht nhanh mt b phn ti nguyn ng xung
truyn s liu cho mt ngi s dng c th. Phng php ny ph hp cho cc ng dng
s liu gi thng c truyn theo dng cm v v th c cc yu cu v ti nguyn thay
i nhanh.
Cu trc c s thi gian v m ca HS-DSCH c cho trn hnh 3.10. Ti nguyn
m cho HS-DSCH bao gm mt tp m nh knh c h s tri ph 16 (xem phn trn ca
hnh 3.10), trong s m c th s dng lp cu hnh cho HS-DSCH nm trong
khong t 1 n 15. Cc m khng dnh cho HS-DSCH c s dng cho mc ch khc,
chng hn cho bo hiu iu khin, cc dch v MBMS hay cc dch v chuyn mch
knh.
Phn di ca hnh 3.10 m t n nh ti nguyn m HS-DSCH cho tng ngi s
dng trn c s TTI=2ms (TTI: Transmit Time Interval: Khong thi gian truyn dn).
HSPDA s dng TTI ngn gim tr v ci thin qu trnh bm theo cc thay i ca
knh cho mc ch iu khin tc v lp biu ph thuc knh (s xt trong phn di).
Ngoi vic c n nh mt b phn cu tng ti nguyn m kh dng, mt phn tng
cng sut kh dng ca phi c n nh cho truyn dn HS-DSCH. Lu rng HS-
DSCH khng c iu khin cng sut m c iu khin tc . Trong trng hp s
Tc HS-DSCH nh
144Mbpstrn2ms
Tc bit Iub
0-3Mbps
Thng s QoS: Tc
bit cci: 3Mbps
UE
Iub Iu-cs
Nt B RNC SGSN
S liu t
GGSN
dng chung tn s vi WCDMA, sau khi phc v cc knh WCDMA, phn cng sut cn
li c th c s dng cho HS-DSCH, iu ny cho php khai thc hiu qu tng ti
nguyn cng sut kh dng.

Hnh 3.10. Cu trc thi gian-m ca HS-DSCH
Ta thy rng cc k thut HSDPA da trn thch ng nhanh i vi cc thay i
nhanh trong cc iu kin knh. V th cc k thut ny phi c t gn vi giao din v
tuyn ti pha mng, ngha l ti nt B. Ngoi ra mt mc tiu quan trng ca HSDPA l
duy tr ti a s phn chia chc nng gia cc lp v cc nt ca R3. Cn gim thiu s
thay i kin trc, v iu ny s n gin ha vic a HSDPA vo cc mng trin
khai cng nh m bo hot ng trong cc mi trng m khng phi tt c cc
u c nng cp bng chc nng HSDPA.
V th HSDPA a vo nt B mt lp con MAC mi, MA-hs, chu trch nhim cho
lp biu, iu khin tc v khai thc giao thc HARQ. Do vy ngoi tr cc tng cng
cho RNC nh iu khin cho php HSDPA i vi cc ngi s dng, HSDPA ch yu
tc ng ln nt B (hnh 3.11).
Mi UE s dng HSDPA s thu truyn dn HS-DSCH t mt ( phc v). phc
v chu trch nhim lp biu, iu khin tc , HARQ v cc chc nng MAChs khc
cho HSDPA. Chuyn giao mm ng ln c h tr trong truyn dn s liu ng
ln s thu c t nhiu v UE s nhn c cc lnh iu khin cng sut t nhiu .
Di ng t mt h tr HSDPA n mt khng h tr HSDPA c x l d rng. C
Thi gian
Cc
m
nh
HS-DSCH TTI
2ms
SF=1
SF=2
SF=4
SF=8
Cc m nh knh c s dng cho
truyn dn HS-DSCH (10 trong vd ny)
Ngi s dng 1
Ngi s dng 2
Ngi s dng 3
th m bo dch v khng b gin on cho ngi s dng (mc d ti tc s liu thp
hn) bng chuyn mch knh trong RNC trong ngi s dng c chuyn mch n
knh dnh ring (DCH) trong khng c HSDPA. Tng t, mt ngi s dng c
trang b u cui c HSDPA c th chuyn mch t knh ring sang HSDPA khi ngi
ny chuyn vo c h tr HSDPA.

Hnh 3.11. Kin trc HSDPA
Cu trc knh tng th ca HSDPA kt hp WCDMA c cho trn hnh 3.12.

Hnh 3.12. Cu trc knh HSDPA kt hp WCDMA
Di y ta tng kt chc nng ca cc knh trong HSDPA:
HS-DSCH (High Speed- Downlink Shared Channel) l knh truyn ti c sp xp ln
nhiu knh vt l HS-PDSCH truyn ti lu lng gi chia s cho nhiu ngi s dng,
trong mi HS-PDSCH c h s tri ph khng i v bng 16. Cu hnh cc i ca
HS-DSCH l 15SF16 (tng ng vi tc nh khi iu ch 16QAM v t l m 1/1 l
14,4Mbps). Cc ngi s dng chia s HS-DSCH theo s knh vt l HS-PDSCH (s m
vi SF=16) v khong thi gian truyn dn TTI=2ms.
HS-DSCH
S liu ngi
s dng

HS-SCCH
Bo hiu iu
khin cho
HS DSCH
(F-)DPCH
Cc lnh
iu khin
t
DPDCH
S liu ngi
s dng
l
DPCCH
Bo hiu
iu khin
h DPDCH
HS-DPCCH
Bo hiu iu
khin lin quan
HS DSCH
Knh chia s, cho mt Knh ring, cho mt UE
Trm pht gc
Thit b u cui

UE
RNC RNC
Truyn
dn
HSDPA
n mng li
n cc
nt B khc
n cc
nt B khc
(F-)DPCH trn DL
DCHtrnUL
Chc nng MAC-hs
-Lp biu
-Thch ng tc
phc v khng phc v
HS-SCCH (High Speed-Shared Control Channel) s dng h s tri ph 128 v c cu
trc thi gian da trn mt khung con c di 2ms bng di cu HSDSCH. Cc thng
tin sau y c mang trn HS-SCCH:
9 S m nh knh,
9 S iu ch,
9 Kch thc khi truyn ti,
9 Gi c pht l gi mi hay pht li (HARQ) hoc HARQ theo RNC RLC,
9 Phin bn d,
9 Phin bn chm tn hiu.
Khi HSDPA hot ng trong ch ghp theo thi gian, ch cn lp cu hnh mt
HS-SCCH, nhng kho HSDPA hot ng trong ch ghp theo m th cn c nhiu HS-
SCCH hn. Mt UE c th xem xt c nhiu nht l 4 HS-SCCH ty vo cu hnh c
lp bi h thng.
HS-DPCCH (High Speed- Dedicated Physical Control Channel) ng ln c h s tri
ph 256 v cu trc t 3 khe 2ms cha cc thng tin sau y:
9 Thng tin phn hi (CQI: Channel Quality Indicator: ch th cht lng knh)
bo cho b lp biu nt B v tc s liu m UE mong mun,
9 ACK/NAK (cng nhn v ph nhn) cho HARQ.
DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel) i cng vi HS-DPCCH ng ln cha
cc thng tin ging nh R3.
F-DPCH (Fractional- Dedicated Physical Channel) ng xung c h s tri ph 256
cha thng tin iu khin cng sut cho 10 ngi s dng tit kim ti nguyn m trong
truyn dn gi

3.1.3.3. Truy nhp gi tc cao ng ln (HSUPA)
Ct li ca HSUPA cng s dng hai cng ngh c s nh HSDPA: lp biu nhanh
v HARQ nhanh vi kt hp mm. Cng ging nh HSDPA, HSUPA s dng khong thi
gian ngn 2ms cho TTI ng ln. Cc tng cng ny c thc hin trong WCDMA
thng qua mt knh truyn ti mi, E-DCH (Enhanced Dedicated Channel: knh ring
tng cng).
Mc d s dng cc cng ngh ging HSDPA, HSUPA cng c mt s khc bit
cn bn so vi HSDPA v cc khc bit ny nh hng ln vic thc hin chi tit cc tnh
nng:
9 Trn ng xung, cc ti nguyn chia s l cng sut v m u c t trong
mt nt trung tm (nt B). Trn ng ln, ti nguyn chia s l i lng nhiu
ng ln cho php, i lng ny ph thuc vo cng sut ca nhiu nt nm phn
tn (cc nt UE),
9 Trn ng xung b lp biu v cc b m pht c t trong cng mt nt, cn
trn ng ln b lp biu c t trong nt B trong khi cc b m s liu
c phn tn trong cc UE. V th cc UE phi thng bo thng tin v tnh trng
b m cho b lp biu,
9 ng ln WCDMA v HSUPA khng trc giao v v th xy ra nhiu gia cc
truyn dn trong cng mt . Tri li trn ng xung cc knh c pht trc
giao. V th iu khin cng sut quan trng i vi ng ln x l vn gn
xa. E-DCH c pht vi khong dch cng sut tng i so vi knh iu khin
ng ln c iu khin cng sut v bng cch iu chnh dch cng sut cho
php cc i, b lp biu c th iu khin tc s liu E-DCH. Tri li i vi
HSDPA, cng sut pht khng i ( mc nht nh) cng vi s dng thch ng
tc s liu,
9 Chuyn giao c E-DCH h tr. Vic thu s liu t u cui ti nhiu l c li
v n m bo tnh phn tp, trong khi pht s liu t nhiu trong HSDPA l
phc tp v cha chc c li lm. Chuyn giao mm cn c ngha l iu khin
cng sut bi nhiu gim nhiu gy ra trong cc ln cn v duy tr tng tch
ngc vi UE khng s dng E-DCH,
9 Trn ng xung, iu ch bc cao hn (c xt n hiu qu cng sut i vi
hiu qu bng thng) c s dng cung cp cc tc s liu cao trong mt s
trng hp, chng hn khi b lp biu n nh s lng m nh knh t cho truyn
dn nhng i lng cng sut truyn dn kh dng li kh cao. i vi ng ln
tnh hnh li khc; khng cn thit phi chia s cc m nh knh i vi cc ngi
s dng khc v v th thng thng t l m ha knh thp hn i vi ng ln.
Nh vy khc vi ng ln iu ch bc cao t hu ch hn trn ng ln trong
cc v m v v th khng c xem xt trong pht hnh u ca HSUPA.

3.2. Thit lp cuc gi ca 3G WCDMA
Th tc thit lp mt cuc gi c s W-CDMA UMTS c cho hnh 3.13. Qu
trnh ny bt u bng yu cy truy nhp t UE. Yu cu truy nhp ny hoc c pht
trn knh truyn ti RACH hoc trn knh truyn ti CPCH. Bn tin c pht l mt yu
cu thit lp mt kt ni RRC trc khi thc hin cc giao dch bo hiu hay thit lp
vt mang. Yu cu kt ni RRC bao gm c l do yu cu kt ni.

RNC tr li bng mt bn tin Thit lp kt ni RRC. Bn tin ny c pht knh
logic CCCH ( thng c truyn trn knh truyn ti FACH). Nu mt knh truyn ti
UE RNC MSC/VLR
CCCH: yu cu kt ni RRC

CCCH: Thit lp kt ni RRC
DCCH: Kt ni RRC hon thnh
DCCH: Truyn trc tip khi u.

DCCH: Truyn trc tip (Yu cu nht thc)

DCCH: Truyn trc tip (Tr li nht thc)

DCCH: Lnh ch bo mt

DCCH: Hon thnh ch bo mt

DCCH: Truyn trc tip (Thit lp)

DCCH: Truyn trc tip (Tip tc cuc gi)

DCCH: Thit lp vt mang hay lp li cu hnh
vt mang v tuyn

DCCH: Thit lp vt mang v tuyn hon thn
hay lp li cu hnh hon thnh

DCCH: Truyn trc tip (Bo chung)

DCCH: Truyn trc tip (Kt ni)

DCCH: Truyn trc tip cng nhn kt ni

RANAP: Bn tin UE khi u
(Yu cu dch v CM)

RANAP: Truyn trc tip (Yu cu nht thc)

RANAP: Truyn trc tip (Tr li nht thc)

RANAP: Lnh ch bo mt

RANAP: Hon thnh ch bo mt

RANAP: Truyn trc tip (Thit lp)

RANAP: Truyn trc tip (Tip tc cuc gi)

RANAP: Yu cu n nh RAB

RANAP: Hon thnh n nh RAB

RANAP: Truyn trc tip (Bo chung)

RANAP: Truyn trc tip (Kt ni)

RANAP: Tryun trc tip cng nhn kt ni
Hnh 3.13: Th tc thit lp cuc gi W-CDMA UMTS.
DCH c cp pht, th bn tin thit lp kt ni RRC s ch ra mt m ngu nhin UE
s dng ng ln. UE t xc nh m nh knh v m ny c thc hin ng ln.
Cn lu mt DPCCH lin kt vi mt DPDCH. DPDCH cha TFCI, TFCI cha thng
tin v h s tri ph SF v cho php UTRAN xc nh m nh knh cho DPDCH. Nu
RNC khng n nh mt knh DCH th bo hiu tip tc c pht trn FACH ng
xung v RACH hay CPCH ng ln.
UE tr li bng bn tin Kt ni RRC hon thnh. Bn tin ny c mang trn
knh logic DCCH ng ln. Sau UE pht bn tin cho mng li CN. Bn tin ny c
pht bn tin Truyn trc tip khi u, v khi ny cha c thit lp quan h bo hiu trc
tip gia UE v mng li. Ti trng ca bn tin ny c chuyn trc tip gia UE v
mng li. Bn tin ny ch th cho RNC v mng li l cn thit lp mt mi quan h bo
hiu mi gia UE v mng li.
RNC t bn tin Truyn trc tip khi u vo bn tin UE khi u ca RANAP v
gi bn tin ny n mng li. Trong trng hp ny bn tin c gi n MSC. Vic chn
MSC hay SGSN ph thuc vo thng tin tiu ca bn tin Truyn khi u pht i t
UE. Ti trng ca bn tin Truyn trc tip khi u c t vo ti trng ca bn tin n
MSC: UE khi u ca RANAP.
Tip theo, MSC s khi u cc th tc bo an. Th tc ny bt u bng nhn thc
trn nguyn tc Hiu lnh-Tr li ging nh GSM. y c mt im khc l UE v
mng nhn thc ln nhau. Ngha l mng khng ch pht m ngu nhin n UE nhn
c tr li ng m cn pht c Th nhn dng mng (AUTN: Authentication Token
Network) c tnh ton c lp mng trong HLR so snh vi AUTN c tnh ton
c lp UE trong USIM. AUTN ny phi trng vi AUTN mng. UE pht Yu cu
nhn thc bng cch pht bn tin truyn trc tip ca RANAP v giao thc RRC.
Nu nhn thc thnh cng, UE pht tr li bng mt bn tin Tr li nhn thc
MSC kim tra. Bn tin ny c mang bng cch s dng cc kh nng truyn trc tip
ca RANAP v RRC.
Sau mng li khi u cc th tc m ha v kim tra trung thc. Qu trnh ny
c thc hin ging nh GSM ngoi tr mt kh nng b sung l: m bo tnh trung
thc. Kh nng ny cho php mng hoc UE kim tra xem cc bn tin bo hiu t thc th
kia c b k khc thay i hay khng. Qu trnh mt m v kim tra tnh trung thc u do
mng li khi xng, nhng c thc hin gia UE v UTRAN. V th MSC gi bn tin
Lnh ch bo mt RRC n UE. UE tr li MSC bng bn tin RANAP: Hon thnh ch
bo mt.
Ti thi im ny, thng tin thit lp cuc gi thc s nh: s in thoi b gi
c gi bn tin Thit lp t UE n MSC bng cch s dng bo hiu truyn trc tip.
Nu c th x l c cuc gi ny, MSC s tr li bng bn tin ang tin hnh cuc gi
rt ging nh GSM. Sau RNC cn thit lp Vt mang truy nhp v tuyn (RAB)
truyn ti lung ting thc s ca ngi s dng.
RAB l mt vt mang gia UE v mng li truyn ti s liu ca ngi s dng:
ting hoc s liu gi. RAB c t trn mt hoc nhiu vt mang v tuyn giao din
v tuyn. Mi RAB c s nhn dng ring ca mnh s dng trong qu trnh bo hiu
gia UE v mng. Mng li pht yu cu thit lp RAB thng qua bn tin Yu cu n nh
RAB ca RANAP.
Trn c s thng tin Yu cu n nh RAB, RNC c th thit lp mt vt mang v
tuyn mi cho UE hoc c th lp li cu hnh cho vt mang hin UE ang hot ng.
RNC s dng hoc bn tin RRC Thit lp vt mang v tuyn hoc Lp li cu hnh vt
mang v tuyn hng dn UE s dng cc vt mang mi hay lp li cu hnh. UE tr li
hoc bng bn tin Thit lp vt mang v tuyn hon thnh hoc bn tin Lp li cu
hnh vt mang v tuyn hon thnh. n lt mnh, RNC tr li MSC bng bn tin
RANAP: Hon thnh n nh RAB. Khi ny c mt ng dn vt mang t UE n
MSC. Lu rng vic thit lp ng dn vt mang cng i hi thit lp phng tin mt
t gia nt B, RNC v gia RNC,MSC.
Phn cn li ca qu trnh thit lp cuc gi hon ton ging nh thit lp cuc gi
GSM. Phn cn li ny bao gm: cc bn tin bo chung, kt ni v xc nhn kt ni
c truyn bo hiu truyn trc tip.

3.3. Chuyn giao ca 3G WCDMA
3.3.1. Khi qut v chuyn giao trong cc h thng thng tin di ng.
Cc mng di ng cho php ngi s dng c th truy nhp cc dch v trong khi di
chuyn nn c thut ng t do cho cc thit b u cui. Tuy nhin tnh t do ny gy
ra mt s khng xc nh i vi cc h thng di ng. S di ng ca cc ngi s dng
u cui gy ra mt s bin i ng c trong cht lng lin kt v mc nhiu, ngi s
dng i khi cn yu cu thay i trm gc phc v. Qu trnh ny c gi l chuyn
giao. Chuyn giao l mt phn cn thit cho vic x l s di ng ca ngi s dng u
cui. N m bo tnh lin tc ca cc dch v v tuyn khi ngi s dng di ng di
chuyn t qua ranh gii cc t bo.
Trong cc h thng t bo th h th nht nh AMPS, vic chuyn giao tng i
n gin. Sang h thng thng tin di ng th h 2 nh GSM v PACS th c nhiu cch
c bit hn bao gm cc thut ton chuyn giao c kt hp cht ch trong cc h thng
ny v tr chuyn giao tip tc c gim i. Khi a ra cng ngh CDMA, mt tng
khc c ngh ci thin qu trnh chuyn giao c gi l chuyn giao mm.
3.3.1.1. Cc kiu chuyn giao trong cc h thng WCDMA 3G.
C 4 kiu chuyn giao trong cc mng di ng WCDMA. l:
Chuyn giao bn trong h thng (Intra-system HO): chuyn giao bn trong h
thng xut hin trong phm vi mt h thng. N c th chia nh thnh chuyn giao bn
trong tn s (Intra-frequency HO) v chuyn giao gia cc tn s (Inter- frequency HO).
Chuyn giao trong tn s xut hin gia cc cell thuc cng mt sng mang WCDMA, cn
chuyn giao gia cc tn s xut hin gia cc cell hot ng trn cc sng mang
WCDMA khc nhau.
Chuyn giao gia cc h thng (Inter-system HO): kiu chuyn giao ny xut hin
gia cc cell thuc v 2 cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn khc nhau (RAT) hay cc ch
truy nhp v tuyn khc nhau (RAM). Trng hp ph bin nht cho kiu u tin dng
chuyn giao gia cc h thng WCDMA v GSM/EDGE. Chuyn giao gia 2 h thng
CDMA cng thuc kiu ny. Mt v d ca chuyn giao Inter-RAM l gia cc ch
UTRA FDD v UTRA TDD.
Chuyn giao cng (HHO- Hard Handover): HHO l mt loi th tc chuyn giao
trong tt c cc lin kt v tuyn c ca mt my di ng c gii phng trc khi cc
lin kt v tuyn mi c thit lp. i vi cc dch v thi gian thc, th iu c
ngha l c mt s gin on ngn xy ra, cn i vi cc dch v phi thi gian thc th
HHO khng nh hng g. Chuyn giao cng din ra nh l chuyn giao trong cng tn s
v chuyn giao ngoi tn s.
Chuyn giao mm (SHO) v chuyn giao mm hn(Softer HO): Trong sut qu
trnh chuyn giao mm, mt my di ng ng thi giao tip vi c 2 hoc nhiu cell ( i
vi c 2 loi chuyn giao mm) thuc v cc trm gc khc nhau ca cng mt b iu
khin mng v tuyn (intra-RNC) hoc cc b iu khin mng v tuyn khc nhau (inter-
N
GVHD
RNC)
nht. T
SHO)
iu k
Trong
sector
hot
sng m
cc ki
3.3.1.
xng
b chu
mt ch
RNC
khi x
chng
l chu
ton t
N TT NG
D: Th.S V
). Trn
Trn n
), v c
khin cng
g trng h
r trong cn
ng. Chuy
mang, do
iu chuyn
2. Cc m
Chuyn g
g, mng kh
My di
uyn mch
ht lng l
Mng kh
s a ra q
xng
g hn nh
uyn giao v
thay i ng
GHIP
Trng S
ng xung
ng ln (UL)
nh tuyn
g sut tch
p chuyn
ng mt BS,
yn giao m
chng l
n giao khc
c ch ca
giao c th
hi xng v
ng khi x
h tt nht, v
lin kt ng
hi xng:
quyt nh
c thc hin
iu khin
vi l do l
gng chuy
Sn
g (DL), m
), knh m
n n b i
cc u th
giao mm
, RNC kh
mm v chu
l cc qu
nhau.
Hnh 3.14
a chuyn g
c kh
v my di
xng: M
vi s h t
ho nn
: BS tin h
liu c th
n cho cc m
phn b l
lu lng (
yn giao ch
Chng 3:
Trang
y di ng
di ng
iu khin v
ham gia v
m hn, mt
ng quan t
uyn giao m
trnh chuy
4: Cc kiu
giao.
hi to t 3
ng h tr
y di ng
tr ca m
c o bi
hnh o
c hin chu
mc ch k
u lng g
(TRHO)
ho mt hay
K thut
g 62
nhn cc
c tch s
v tuyn ch
o chuyn g
t my di
m v ch c
mm hn c
yn giao tro
u chuyn gi
3 cch kh
.
g tin hnh
ng. Kiu c
my di
c v bo c
uyn giao h
khc ngoi
gia cc ce
c iu k
y nhiu s r
c bn c
S
tn hiu
ng bi c
ho s kt h
giao mm:
ng c
c mt vn
ch c th x
ong cng t
iao khc nh
c khc nh
o cht l
chuyn giao
ng.
co vi b
hay khng
vic iu k
ell. Mt v
khin bi B
ri i sang
a mang 3
SVTH: Ngu
kt hp
2 BS (i
hp la ch
mi vng
iu khin
ng iu khi
xy ra tron
tn s. Hn
hau
hau: my d
ng, chn
o ny nhn
iu khin
g. Chuyn g
khin lin
d ca tr
BS. TRHO
g cell lin k
G WCDM
uyn Vn S
vi t s l
vi c 2 ki
hn. Hai v
cho mt B
bi t nh
in cng su
ng mt tn
nh 3.14 ch

di ng kh
ra cc BS
n chung to
n mng RN
giao do m
kt v tuy
ng hp n
O l mt thu
k t mt c
MA
Su
ln
iu
ng
BS.
t 2
ut
s
ra
hi
v
o ra
NC,
ng
n,
ny
ut
cell
c th tu thuc vo ti ca cell . Nu ti ca cell ny vt qu mc cho trc, v ti
cell ln cn di mt mc cho trc khc, th cell ngun s thu hp li vng ph sng
ca n, chuyn lu lng n cell ln cn. V th, tc nghn (block) tng th b gim i,
tn dng tt hn ngun ti nguyn cc cell.
H tr my di ng: Trong phng php ny c mng v my di ng u tin
hnh o c. My di ng bo co kt qu o c t cc BS gn n v mng s quyt nh
c thc hin chuyn giao hay khng.
Cc mc ch ca chuyn giao c th tm tt nh sau:
9 m bo tnh lin tc ca cc dch v v tuyn khi ngi s dng di ng di
chuyn qua ranh gii ca cc t bo,
9 Gi cho QoS m bo mc yu cu,
9 Lm gim nh mc nhiu trong ton b h thng bng cch gi cho my di
ng c kt ni vi BS tt nht,
9 Roaming gia cc mng khc nhau,
9 Cn bng ti.
S khi xng cho mt qu trnh chuyn giao c th bt ngun t cht lng dch
v ca lin kt (UL hoc DL), s thay i ca dch v, s thay i tc , cc l do lu
lng hoc s can thit vn hnh v bo dng.
3.3.1.3. Cc th tc v php o c chuyn giao.
Th tc chuyn giao c th chia thnh 3 pha : o c, quyt nh, v thc thi chuyn
giao minh ha trong hnh 3.15.

Hnh 3.15: Cc th tc chuyn giao
- Hon thnh qu trnh chuyn giao
- Cp nht cc thng s lien quan
o c cc thng tin cn thit cho vic quyt nh chuyn giao.
(v d: E
c
/I
o
ca knh CPICH ca cc cell phc v v cc cell ln
cn, cc thng tin nh thi gia cc cell)
Cc tiu chun ca chuyn giao
c p ng khng
Pha o c
Pha quyt nh
Pha thc thi
YES
NO
Trong pha o c chuyn giao, cc thng tin cn thit a ra quyt nh chuyn
giao c o c. Cc thng s cn o thc hin bi my thng l t s E
c
/I
02
(E
c
: l
nng lng knh hoa tiu trn mt chip, v I
0
: l mt ph cng sut nhiu tng th) ca
knh hoa tiu chung (CPICH) ca cell ang phc v my di ng v ca cc cell ln
cn. i vi cc kiu chuyn giao xc nh, cn o cc thng s khc. Trong mng khng
ng b UTRA FDD (WCDMA ), cc thng s nh thi lin quan gia cc cell cn c
o iu chnh vic nh thi truyn dn trong chuyn giao mm thc hin vic kt
hp thng nht trong b thu Rake. Mt khc, s truyn dn gia cc BS khc nhau s kh
kt hp, c bit l hot ng iu khin cng sut trong chuyn giao mm s phi chu
nh hng ca tr b sung.
Trong pha quyt nh chuyn giao, kt qu o c so snh vi cc ngng xc
nh v sau s quyt nh c bt u chuyn giao hay khng. Cc thut ton khc nhau
c iu kin khi to chuyn giao khc nhau.
Trong pha thc thi, qu trnh chuyn giao c hon thnh v cc thng s lin
quan c thay i tu theo cc kiu chuyn giao khc nhau. Chng hn nh, trong pha
thc thi ca chuyn giao mm, my di ng s thc hin hoc ri b trng thi chuyn
giao mm, mt BS mi s c b sung hoc gii phng, tp hp cc BS ang hot ng
s c cp nht v cng sut ca mi knh lin quan n chuyn giao mm c iu
chnh.
3.3.2. Chuyn giao trong cng tn s.
3.3.2.1. Chuyn giao mm
Chuyn giao mm ch c trong cng ngh CDMA. So vi chuyn giao cng thng
thng, chuyn giao mm c mt s u im. Tuy nhin, n cng c mt s cc hn ch
v s phc tp v vic tiu th ti nguyn tng ln. Vic quy hoch chuyn giao mm ban
u l mt trong cc phn c bn ca ca vic hoch nh v ti u mng v tuyn. Trong
phn ny s trnh by nguyn l ca chuyn giao mm.
a. Nguyn l chuyn giao mm.
Chuyn giao mm khc vi qu trnh chuyn giao cng truyn thng. i
vi chuyn giao cng, mt quyt nh xc nh l c thc hin chuyn giao hay khng v
my di ng ch giao tip vi mt BS ti mt thi im. i vi chuyn giao mm, mt
quyt nh c iu kin c to ra l c thc hin chuyn giao hay khng. Tu thuc vo
s thay i cng tn hiu knh hoa tiu t hai hay nhiu trm gc c lin quan, mt
N
GVHD
quyt
din r
Trong
tp h
t cel
MS s
giao c
sau:
v BS
ping-p
chuy
N TT NG
D: Th.S V
nh cng
ra sau khi t
g thi k ch
p tch cc
Hnh 3.

Hnh 3.16
G
l ny sang
lin tc
cng c
If (p
Trong
S2, D l h
L do
pong, hiu
n giao cn
GHIP
Trng S
g cui cng
tn hiu n
huyn tip
(Tp hp
.16 ch ra s
6: S so s
Gi s rng
cell khc,
o cng
ch ra tron
ilot_E0/I0)
H
Else
D
End.
: (pilot_Ec
s d tr t
a ra d
u ng ny
ng s xut h
Sn
g s c t
n t mt B
ca chuy
tch cc l
s khc nha
nh gia ch
g c mt
BS1 l tr
ca tn h
ng hnh 3.1
)2 (pilot_
Handover t
Do not han

c/I0)1 v (p
tr.
tr tr tro
xy ra khi
hin. Ngo
Chng 3:
Trang
o ra gi
BS chc ch
n giao m
danh sch
au c bn c
huyn giao
u cui di
m gc ph
hiu hoa ti
16-a, vic k
_Ec/I0)1>
to BS2;
ndover;
pilot_Ec/I0
ong thut t
mt my d
i s di n
K thut
g 65
iao tip v
n s mnh
m, MS gia
h cc cell h
ca chuyn
o cng v c
ng trong
c v u t
u nhn
khi xng
D and BS1
0)2 l Ec/I
ton chuy
di ng di
ng ca MS,
c bn c
S
i duy nht
h hn cc t
ao tip n
hin ang c
n giao cng
chuyn giao
g mt chic
tin ca MS
c t cc
g chuyn g
1 is serving
I0 ca kn
n giao cn
chuyn qu
, nh hn
a mang 3
SVTH: Ngu
1 BS. iu
tn hiu n
ng thi vi
kt ni v
g v chuy

o mm.
c t ang
S. Trong k
BS gn n
giao c t
g BS
nh hoa tiu
ng l tr
ua li bin g
ng phadinh
G WCDM
uyn Vn S
u ny th
n t BS kh
cc BS tro
vi MS).
n giao mm
chuyn
khi di chuy
. Vi chuy
thc hin n
nhn t B
nh hiu
gii mt ce
ca cc k
MA
Su
ng
hc.
ong
m.
ng
n,
yn
nh
BS1
ng
ell,
nh
v tuyn c th nh hng nghim trng bi hiu ng ping-pong. Bngvic a ra
d tr tr, hiu ng ping-pong c th c gim nh bi v my di ng s khng thc
hin chuyn giao ngay tc th n cc BS tt hn. d tr cng ln, hiu ng ping-
pong cng t nh hng. Tuy nhin khi d tr ln th tr cng nhiu. Hn th na,
my di ng cn gy ra nhiu b sung ti cc cell ln cn do lin kt c cht lng km
khi b tr. V th, vi chuyn giao cng, gi tr ca d tr tr kh l quan trng. Khi
chuyn giao xut hin, lin kt lu lng u tin vi BS1 s b ngt trc khi thit lp
lin kt mi vi BS2 , cho nn chuyn giao cng l qu trnh ct trc khi thc hin.
Trng hp chuyn giao mm c ch ra trong hnh 3.16-b, trc khi (pilot_
Ec/I0)2 vt qu (pilot_ Ec/I0)1 , min l iu kin khi xng chuyn giao mm c
p ng, MS vn chuyn sang trng thi chuyn giao mm v mt lin kt mi c thit
lp. Trc khi BS1 b ct (iu kin ngt chuyn giao c p ng), th MS s giao tip
ng thi vi c BS1 v BS2. V th, khc vi chuyn giao cng, chuyn giao mm l qu
trnh thc hin trc khi ct. Mt s cc thut ton c ngh h tr chuyn giao
mm v cc iu kin ca n c s dng trong cc thut ton khc nhau.
Qu trnh chuyn giao mm khc nhau trn cc hng truyn dn khc nhau. Hnh
3.16-c minh ho iu ny. Trn ng ln, MS pht tn hiu vo khng trung nh anten a
hng ca n. Hai BS trong tp hp tch cc c th ng thi nhn tn hiu nh h s s
dng li tn s cc h thng CDMA. Sau , cc tn hiu c chuyn n b iu khin
mng v tuyn RNC cho s kt hp c chn la. Khung tt hn c chn v nhng
khung khc th b loi b. V th trn ng ln khng cn c knh m rng h tr chuyn
giao mm.
Trn ng xung, cc tn hiu tng t cng c pht ra nh cc BS v MS c
th kt hp cc tn hiu t cc BS khc nhau khi n pht hin thy cc tn hiu l cc
thnh phn a ng b sung. Thng th s dng chin lc kt hp c t s ln nht,
vic ny s tng thm li ch c gi l phn tp v m. Tuy nhin, h tr chuyn giao
mm trn ng xung, cn thit t nht mt knh ng xung m rng (i vi c 2 loi
chuyn giao mm). Knh ng xung m rng tc ng ti ngi s dng khc nh l
nhiu b sung trn giao din v tuyn. V th h tr chuyn giao mm trn ng
xung cn nhiu ti nguyn hn. Kt qu l, trn ng xung, hiu sut ca chuyn giao
mm ph thuc s iu chnh gia h s tng ch phn tp v m v s tiu tn ti nguyn
tng thm.
N
GVHD
b. C
thut t
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
T
c l
gi tr
N TT NG
D: Th.S V
Cc thut to
Hiu sut
ton chuy
) Ec/I0 pil
truyn tn
) BS gi m
) MS chuy
giao (HC
) Ec/I0 pilo
) B nh t
) BS gi m
) MS gi m
p hp tch
danh sch
Ec/I0 pilo
GHIP
Trng S
on ca ch
t ca chuy
n giao m
H
ot vt qu
n hiu pilot
mt thng
yn tn hiu
CM- Hando
ot xung d
thi ngt ch
mt HDM.
mt tn hiu
h cc l m
cc cell h
ot ca chn
Sn
Hnh 3.17
huyn giao
yn giao m
m ca IS-9
Hnh 3.18:
u T_ADD
t n tp h
ip iu kh
u pilot n
over Compl
i mc T
huyn giao
u pilot t t
t danh sc
in khng
ng b
Chng 3:
Trang
7: Nguyn l
o mm
m thng
95A (cn g
Thut ton
D, MS gi
p ng c.
hin chuy
tp hp tc
letion Mes
T_DROP, M
o kt thc h
p hp tch
ch cc cell
c s d
sung vo
K thut
g 67
l ca chuy
g lin quan
gi l thut
n chuyn gi
thng ip
.
n giao (HD
ch cc v g
sage).
MS bt u
hot ng.
h cc n t
l hin ang
dng trong
o tp hp t
c bn c
S
yn giao m
n n thut
ton cdma
iao mm IS
p o cn
DM).
gi thng
u b nh th
MS gi m
p hp ln
g c kt n
kt ni ch
ch cc; T
a mang 3
SVTH: Ngu
mm
ton. Hnh
aOne n g
S-95A
ng pilot
ip hon t
hi ngt ch
mt PSMM.
n cn v g
i vi MS;
huyn giao
p hp ln
G WCDM
uyn Vn S

h 3.18 a
gin).

t (PSMM)
thnh chuy
huyn giao.

i HCM.
; tp hp
mm, nh
cn (tp h
MA
Su
a ra
v
yn
.
ng
ng
hp
gim st) l danh sch cc cell m MS lin tc kim o, nhng gi tr E
c
/I
0
pilot ca chng
khng b sung vo tp hp tch cc.
Trong IS-95A, ngng chuyn giao l mt gi tr c nh ca Ec
c
/I
0
pilot nhn c.
N c th d dng thc hin, nhng kh khn trong vic x l s thay i ti ng. Da
vo thut ton ca IS-95A, mt vi thut ton cdma One c hiu chnh c xut cho
IS-95B v cdma2000 vi s bin i ng ch khng phi ngng c nh.
Trong h thng WCDMA, s dng thut ton phc tp hn nhiu, c minh ho trong
hnh 3.19

Hnh 3.19: Thut ton chuyn giao mm trong WCDMA
Trong :
Reporting_range l ngng cho chuyn giao mm.
Hysteresis_event1A l tr b sung
Hysteresis_event1B l tr loi b
Hysteresis_event1C l tr thay th
Reporting_range Hysteresis_event1A c gi l Window_add
Reporting_range + Hysteresis_event1B c gi l Window_drop
T : l khong thi gian khi xng.
pilot_E
c
/I
0
:cht lng c lc v c o Ec/I0 ca CPICH;
Best_pilot_E
c
/I
0
l cell c o v c cng mnh nht trong tp hp tch
cc;
Best_candidate_pilot_E
c
/I
0
l cell c o c cng mnh nht trong tp
hp gim st.
Worst_candidate_pilot_E
c
/I
0
l cell c o c cng yu nht trong tp
hp tch cc.
Tp hp tch cc Active Set : L tp hp cc cell c kt ni chuyn giao
mm vi UE.
Tp hp ln cn/ tp hp gim st (Neighbour set/Monitored set): L danh
sch cc cell m UE lin tip o, nhng pilot_E
c
/I
0
khng mnh b sung vo
tp hp tch cc.
Thut ton chuyn giao mm c th c m t tm tt nh sau:
- Nu pilot_E
c
/I
0
>Best_pilot_E
c
/I
0
- (Reporting_range +Hysteresis_event1A) xt
trong mt khong thi gian T v tp hp tch cc cha y, th cell c b sung
vo tp hp tch cc. Hot ng ny c gi l S kin 1A hay B sung lin kt
v tuyn.
- Nu pilot_E
c
/I
0
<Best_pilot_E
c
/I
0
- (Reporting_range - Hysteresis_event1B) xt
trong khong thi gian T, th cell b loi b khi tp hp tch cc. Hot ng ny
c gi l S kin 1B hay S loi b lin kt v tuyn.
- Nu tp hp tch cc y v Best_candidate_pilot_E
c
/I
0
>
Worst_Old_pilot_E
c
/I
0
+Hysteresis_event1C xt trong mt khong thi gian T,
th cell yu nht trong tp hp tch cc c thay th bi mt cell ng c kho nht trong
tp hp ng c. Hot ng ny gi l S kin 1C hoc l S kt hp b sung v loi b
lin kt v tuyn. Trong hnh 3.18, gi s kch c ln nht l 2.
Trong thut ton chuyn giao mm ca WCDMA, s dng ngng tng i ch
khng phi ngng tuyt i. So vi IS-95A, li ch ln nht ca thut ton trong
WCDMA ny s tham s ho d dng m khng cn iu chnh cc thng s cho cc vng
nhiu thp v cao do cc ngng tng i.
c. Cc c im ca chuyn giao mm.
So vi phng thc chuyn giao cng truyn thng, chuyn giao mm c nhng
u im r rng, nh loi tr hiu ng ping-pong v to ra s lin tc trong truyn dn
(khng c ngt qung trong chuyn giao mm). Khng c hiu ng ping-pong c ngha
l ti trong bo hiu mng thp hn v trong chuyn giao mm, th khng c suy hao d
liu do truyn dn b ngt nh trong chuyn giao cng.
N
GVHD
trong
l m
khin
c
QoS t
MS
Sau
la
hn b
yu c
bi M
cho M
vic k
ng
N TT NG
D: Th.S V
Ngoi i
WCDMA
t c cu g
cng sut,
Gi s r
t BS2
Trong hn
trn ng
ang trong t
tn hiu
c s dn
b loi b. B
u t MS
MS ny trn
MS c k
kt hp the
g xung m
GHIP
Trng S
u khin d
; cng vi
gim nhiu
, trong hnh
Hnh 3.20
ng MS di
mnh hn
nh (a) vng
g ln khi M
trng thi c
nhn c
ng trong ch
Bi v BS2
thp hn c
n ng ln
t ni vi B
eo h s l
rng h
Sn
di ng, c
iu khin
u. Hnh 3.2
h (b) s d
0: S suy g
chuyn t
t BS1.
g iu khi
MS di chuy
chuyn gia
c chuyn
huyn giao
2 tt hn
cng sut c
n tht hn k
BS tt nht
n nht e
h tr chuy
Chng 3:
Trang
n c mt
n cng sut
20 ch ra 2
ng c iu
gim nhiu
BS1 n
iu ny c
n cng su
n ra xa kh
ao mm: c
n RNC
o mm. Kh
BS1,
cn thit tr
khi c chu
t. Trn
em li
yn giao m
K thut
g 70
l do kh
t, chuyn g
m hnh.
u khin cn
do c chuy
BS2. Ti
ngha l B
t tng nn
hi BS ph
BS1 v B
kt hp.
hung khe
p ng Q
rong m h
uyn giao m
ng xung,
li phn t
mm.
c bn c
S
c thc
giao mm c
Trong hn
ng sut v c
yn giao m
v tr hin
BS2 tt h
ng lng ph
c v ca n
BS2 u
Trn n
hn c
oS mc ti
nh (a). V
mm v chu
tnh hung
tp macro,
a mang 3
SVTH: Ngu
hin chuy
cng c
nh (a), ch
chuyn gia
mm trong
n ti tn hi
n BS1.
ht n MS
n, BS1. Tr
ng thi l
ng ln, s
chn la v
u, cng su
th, nhiu
uyn giao m
g phc tp
vn yu c
G WCDM
uyn Vn S
n giao m
s dng n
s dng i
o mm.

UL
u pilot nh
S m b
rong hnh (
ng nghe M
kt hp ch
v khung y
ut pht
u c to
mm lun g
hn. Mc
cu cc k
MA
Su
m
nh
iu
hn
bo
(b),
MS.
hn
yu
c
o ra
gi
d
nh
3.3.2.2. o c chuyn giao.
Trong WCDMA, UE lin tc qut cc cell khc c cng tn s khi s dng knh
ring trong trng thi cell_DCH. UE thng s dng b lc tm ra knh ng b s cp
(P-SCH) ca cc cell ln cn. Tt c cc cell pht cng m ng b m UE ang tm kim.
UE nhn dng cc cell bng knh ng b th cp (S-SCH) v knh pilot (CPICH). Sau
th tc ng b, UE c th tin hnh o pilot_E
c
/I
0
v nhn dng cell.
Bi v cc Nt B WCDMA c th khng ng b, UE cng gii m s khung h
thng (SFN) t cc cell ln cn. SFN cho bit vic nh thi Nt B vi phn gii khung
l 10ms. SFN c pht trn knh qung b, BCH, tin hnh trn knh vt l iu khin
chung s cp, P-CCPCH.
Th tc o c chuyn giao trong cng tn s c trnh by trong hnh 3.20.
Ch :
S cc nh xung m UE c th thu c bng b lc kt hp ca n cng nhiu,
vic nhn dng cell WCDMA din ra cng lu. Thi gian nhn dng cell ph thuc
cc yu t sau:
- S cc nhnh a ng..
- S cc cell trong phm vi UE thu bt c sng.
- S cc cell tm thy.
- Kch c ca danh sch cc cell ln cn.
UE cn phi c kh nng bo co vic o c:
- Trong vng 200ms i vi mt cell c nhn dng.
- Trong vng 800ms i vi mt cell mi trong danh sch cell ln cn.
- Trong vng 30ms vi mt cell mi ngoi danh sch cc cell ln cn.

Hnh 3.21 Th tc o c chuyn giao trong cng tn s.
Yu cu hiu sut o c chuyn giao 3GPP i vi UE nh sau: vi CPICH E
c
/I
0

>-20dB, v SCH E
c
/I
0
>-20dB UE c kh nng bo co o c trong vng 200ms t mt
cell c nhn dng v trong vng 800ms t mt cell mi nm trong tp hp gim st.
Hnh 3.22 a ra m hnh UE kt ni vi vi cell 1 v n cn nhn dng cell 2 ang gn
t ti gi tr Window-add . Kt qu Ec/I0 thu c nh sau:
a) Nu cp 10% cho knh CPICH v cho SCH th E
c
/I
or
=-10dB.
b) Gi s Window_add =3dB trong UE cn nhn dng cc cell khi n thp
hn cell kho nht 3dB. Trng hp ny c I
or
/I
oc1
=-3dB.
c) Gi s nhiu t cc cell khc cao hn cng sut tn hiu t my ch tt nht
l 3dB, th I
0c2
/I
0c1

0
I
E
c
=
2 1 oc oc or
c
I I I
E
+ +
=
) 10 10 1 (
6 . 0 3 . 0
+ +
or
c
I
E
=
or
c
I
E
- 8.5dB =- 18.5 dB (3.1)
Trong m hnh ny E
c
/I
0
=-18.5dB tt hn -20dB a ra trong cc yu cu v
hiu sut.

Hnh 3.22: M hnh o c chuyn giao trong cng tn s.
Pha (2): Gii m s hiu khung (SFN).
Trong pha (2) ca hnh 3.21, UE gii m s hiu khung h thng t BCH n c
pht trn knh P-CCPCH. Nu ta cp pht 5% ca Nt B cho P-CCPCH, kt qu E
c
/I
0
=-
21.5dB. Yu cu hiu sut cho gii m BCH vi BLER=1% l -2.2dB.
Trc khi E
c
/I
0
pilot c c dng trong thut ton cp nht tp hp tch cc ti
UE, mt s cng vic lc c p dng kt qu ng tin cy hn. Vic lc kt qu
o c lc trong c lp 1 v lp 3. Lc ti lp 3 c th c iu khin bi mng. Vic
lc kt qu o chuyn giao WCDMA c trnh by trong hnh 3.23
N
GVHD
ging
cung c
3.3.2.3
ngt q
ca c
cng
mt g
Nt B
way
WCD
m th
lin q
Nt B
A, chu
ng
cao n
tng
vi ph
pht
trng
N TT NG
D: Th.S V
Bo co
nh trong
cp cc ch
3. Li ch
Mc ch
qung v l
cu chuy
li ph
g tn hi
gc.
li ph
Vic chia
B, iu
c nhn v
Ba li ch
DMA. Tip
hu c t
quan n tr
B vi t s
Mt v d
uyn ng
g truyn t
ht thu
g i l 0dB
hn tp 2 n
ng xu
g hp lin
GHIP
Trng S
o c chu
g GSM ho
tiu ging
Hnh 3
lin kt ch
h u tin c
m cho h
yn giao m
hn tp v m
u do cc
hn tp vi m
a s ti
cho thy c
vi h s X
h ny ca c
theo s
bng cc c
ng hp
E
c
/I
0
pilot
m phn
g vn tc 3
ng i c
c suy ha
B. Hnh 3.2
nhnh ante
ng m kh
kt n tr
Sn
uyn giao t
oc khi x
g nh bo
3.23: S
huyn giao
ca chuyn
thng ho
m nh sau
m: li
nguyn nh
m: li
ng xung:
cng sut p
X, ngha l
chuyn gia
cp n k
cng c m
chuyn gia
cao nht.
ng kt qu
3km/h, gi
a UE n
ao ng t
24 ch ra
en thu Nt
hng c ph
rong U
Chng 3:
Trang
UE n R
ng s k
co nh k
lc v bo
o mm.
n giao mm
t ng tt
u:
ch phn t
hn chng
phn tp n
: Mt UE k
pht ln nh
vng ph
ao mm c
kt qu c
phng
ao cng l
truyn tho
s UE an
n Nt B#1
truyn ti
li chuy
t B. Hnh 3
hn tp an
UE ch
K thut
g 73
RNC phi
kin. Vic
k nhng c
o co o
m l em
t. iu
p nh pha
hn nh s
nh phadin
khi chuyn
ht n UE
c m r
th ci thi
a cc li
mc lin k
tng, tro
oi tc
ng chuyn
so vi N
2 Nt B g
yn giao m
3.25 ch ra
nten pht h
c kt ni v
c bn c
S
c xy d
bo co k
ti bo hi
c chuyn
m li mt s
ch c th
adinh chm
s di chuy
nh nhanh.
n giao mm
E trong kh
rng.
n vng ph
ch chuyn
kt. Nhng
ong UE
8kbps tron
giao mm
t B#2 l:
ging nhau
mm ca c
a li t
hay thu. V
vi Nt B
a mang 3
SVTH: Ngu
dng mt c
khi xng
iu thp h
giao mm.
chuyn g
t c
m v s st
n ca UE
m thu cng
hi chuyn g
h v dung
n giao mm
g li ch
c th
ng knh IT
m vi 2 N
0, -3, -6,-
u, tc l
ng sut ph
ng ng c
li li
tt nht. D
G WCDM
uyn Vn S
cch nh k
g cc s ki
n.

.
giao khng
nh 3 li
t t ngt c
E vng qua
sut t nhi
giao mm
g lng m
m phn tp
c trnh b
c kt ni
TU Pedestri
t B. Suy h
10dB.
chnh l
ht ng l
ca cng su
in quan
Do knh IT
MA
Su
k,
in
g b
ch
ca
anh
iu
X-
ng
p vi
by
ti
ian
hao
li
ch
ln
ut
n
TU
N
GVHD
Pedes
tng
c
suy h
cng
tn hi
th l
iu k
Nt B
no
tch c
nhiu
ng
vi m
cu n
Trong
hao l
mng
N TT NG
D: Th.S V
strian A t
g i cao. N
Trong hn
l 1.8dB n
ao ng
sut pht U
u. Thc t
m tng c
khin cng
B s khng
ln hn
c ca UE
Trn
so vi trn
g xung v
.
Hnh 3.2
Trn
u nh
g trng h
n nht. V
.
GHIP
Trng S
phn tp
Nu phn t
nh 3.24,
nu suy ha
truyn n
UE khi kh
, nu c
ng sut ph
g sut n
nm trong
3-6dB so
E.
ng xung,
n ng l
v th m
24: li c
ng xung,
chnh lch
p , UE
V th cng
Sn
a ng,
p a n
gim ln
o ng tr
n 2 Nt B
ng c nn
chnh lch
ht UE. Vi
ng ln
g tp hp t
vi suy ha
li chu
n (hnh 3.
ng xu
chuyn gia
l
chuyn gi
h suy hao
khng nh
g sut pht
Chng 3:
Trang
v v th
ng cng nhi
n nht ca c
ruyn c
rt ln, th
ng lng b
suy hao
ic tng n
c pht tr
tch cc c
ao ng t
uyn giao m
.24). Nguy
ng khng
ao mm ca
i, gi tr m
iao mm g
ng truy
n c
t t Nt B
K thut
g 74
li ch
iu th l
cng sut p
2 Nt B g
h v mt l
b sung nh
ng truy
y gy ra d
n lin kt
ca UE nu
truyn ti
mm ln n
yn nhn l
cn nhiu
a cng su
m = suy ha
gy ra tng
yn ln hn
li no c
B n U
c bn c
S
huyn giao
li c xu h
pht UE do
ging nhau
l thuyt k
ng li c
n rt ln t
do cc li
ng xu
u suy hao
Nt B kho
nht l 2.3d
do khng
li chu
t pht
ao)
cng sut
n nhiu 4-5
ca tn hiu
UE s ch
a mang 3
SVTH: Ngu
o mm ph
ng gim
o chuyn g
u. Nu s k
khng bao
nhiu Nt
th chuyn
bo hiu
ng. Nhn
ng truy
o nht tro
dB (hnh 3
g c phn t
uyn giao m

ng ln(gi
t pht n
5dB (i v
u pht t N
bin thnh
G WCDM
uyn Vn S
n tp vi m
m i.
giao mm t
khc nhau
gi nn t
t B c d t
giao mm
ca cc l
ng thng
n n Nt
ong tp h
.25), ln h
tp anten tr
mm phn t
tr dng
ng xung y
i v d n
Nt B vi s
h nhiu tro
MA
Su
m
thu
v
ng
tm
c
nh
th
t B
hp
hn
rn
tp
=
yu
y).
suy
ong
N
GVHD
Cc g
Bng

3.3.2.
chuy
thc h
UE k
trong
logic,
tng p
cn b
thit l
giao m
tng p
N TT NG
D: Th.S V
Hnh 3
Kt qu
gi tr in h
3.8 Cc g
4. Tng ph
Tng ph
n giao mm
=
N
n 1
Trong
hin chuyn
t ni ti m
hnh 3.26.
vic d tr
ph ca chu
sung
lp cc th
mm trong
ph chuyn
GHIP
Trng S
3.25: l
m phng
hnh ca c
gi tr ca c
h ca chu
ca chuy
m trong m

n
nP 1

, N l kch
n giao mm
mt Nt B,
. i vi m
r dung l
uyn giao m
thc thi ch
ng s chuy
g khong 2
n giao mm
Sn
i chuyn g
dng
g cng
c thng s
ca s.
Window
1 - 3dB
uyn giao m
n giao m
t mng. T

h c tp h
m n_n
two_way
mt kt n
ng pht
mm cng
huyn giao
yn giao th
20-40%
m vt qu
Chng 3:
Trang
giao mm tr
g = li,
cung cp
ny nh t
w_add
B
mm
m c s
Tng ph ch
(3.2)
p tch cc
ng (n_way)
c ngha l
i gia UE
trn giao
c th nh
o mm. Vi
hch hp v
i vi li
gii hn
K thut
g 75
rong cng
m =suy ha
cc gi tr
trong bng
Wind
2 - 5
dng
huyn giao
c v Pn l
. Chuyn g
UE c
E v Nt B
din Iub, m
l vic o
ic hoch
quy hoc
cell chun
n cho php
c bn c
S
sut pht
ao)
Window_
g 3.8
dow_drop
dB
nh gi ch
o mm

xc sut tr
giao mm o
kt ni ti
B yu cu t
mt ngun
o ti nguyn
nh mng
ch cc site
n su cnh
th s dn
a mang 3
SVTH: Ngu

ng xu
_add v W
ht lng c
c xc
rung bnh
one_way l
i 2 Nt B
ti nguyn
n ti nguy
n truyn d
g v tuyn
tng ph
h vi 3 sec
n n gim
G WCDM
uyn Vn S
ng (Gi tr
Window_dro
ca hot
nh nh sau
ca UE a
trng h
c ch
bng c b
n RNC, n
n/phn c
c nhim
h ca chuy
ctor site. N
m dung l
MA
Su

op.
ng
u:
ang
p,
ra
bn
nn
ng
v
yn
Nu
ng
ng xung. Trn ng xung, mi kt ni chuyn giao mm u lm tng nhiu cho
mng. Khi mc tng nhiu vt qu mc li phn tp, chuyn giao mm khng em li
bt c li ch no cho hiu sut ca h thng.
Tng ph chuyn giao mm c th c iu chnh bng vic chn hp l cc thng
s Window_add, Window_drop, v kch c tp hp tch cc. Tuy nhin cng c mt s
cc yu t nh hng n tng ph chuyn giao mm m khng th kim sot c bng
vic thit lp cc thng s chuyn giao mm, nh:
- Cu hnh mng: Cc site c t lin quan n nhau nh th no, s sector
trn mt site
- Cc m hnh bc x ca anten Nt B.
- Cc c im suy hao ng truyn v phadinh che khut.
- S cc Nt B trung bnh m UE c th ng b c.

Hnh 3.26: Tng ph chuyn giao mm
Mt v d v tng ph chuyn giao mm c a ra trong hnh 3.27 cho mng cc
cell chun 6 cnh vi 3 sector site. Kt qu nhn c bng vic m phng ng mc
mng. y l kt qu ca mt cell c bn knh 666m v 2000m, v mi sector s dng
anten 650 chun. Suy hao ng truyn c xc nh theo m hnh Okumura-Hata, gi
s thnh phn phadinh che khut phn b tng on vi lch chun l 8dB. Cng sut
pht ca knh CPICH c nh bng 10% v 20% cng sut pht Nt B ln nht tng ng
cho cc cell nh v cell ln. Cng sut ca knh SCH l -3.0dB so vi P-CPICH. Kch c
ca tp hp tch cc l 3.
C th nhn thy rng tng ph chuyn giao mm tng gn nh tuyn tnh khi
Window_add v Window_drop tng ln. Vi vic thit lp cng cc thng s cho chuyn
giao mm, th tng ph trong m hnh cell nh thng ln hn cc cell ln. Bi v cc UE
trong mng cc cell ln c th ng b vi mt s cc Nt B, cn cc UE trong mng cc
cell nh li c th ng b vi nhiu cc Nt B hn. Gi s mc ch thit k l c tng
ph chuyn giao mm l 20-40% th c kt qu nh hnh 3.27. Kt qu ny cho thy thit
lp cc thng s thch hp l Window_add =1-3dB trong cc cell nh v cc gi tr ln
hn khng ng k trong cc cell ln. Tuy nhin c th thy cu hnh hp l cho mng ch
c th l cc cell vi 3 sector site. i vi vic thit lp cc thng s chuyn giao mm
ging nhau, tng ph chuyn giao mm tng khi chuyn t 3 sector site thnh 6 sector site.
Tng ph chuyn giao mm c th tng gn 30% khi so snh trng hp cu hnh 3 sector
site so vi cu hnh 6 sector site. iu ny dn ti s chn la cc gi tr
Window_add/Window_drop thp hn khi tng s sector.
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
Ban knh cell: 2000m
Ban knh cell: 666m
Window-add [dB]
1 1.5 2.0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Hnh 3.27: Tng ph chuyn giao mm v thng s Window_add cho li cell 6
cnh 3 sector site, vi hai bn knh khc nhau.
3.3.2.5. li dung lng mng ca chuyn giao mm.
li dung lng mng c th ca chuyn giao mm ch yu ph thuc v tng
ph chuyn giao mm (tc l t l tng i ca cc UE thc hin chuyn giao mm),
li lin kt chuyn giao mm, v thut ton iu khin cng sut c p dng. C 2 thut
ton iu khin cng sut ng xung cho cc UE trong chuyn giao mm:
1) iu khin cng sut thng (iu khin cng sut nhanh)
2) S truyn dn phn tp chn la site (SSDT).
SSDT da vo thng tin phn hi t UE, nn ch c mt trong cc Nt B trong tp
hp tch cc truyn d liu, cn cc Nt B khc ch pht cc thng tin iu khin lp vt
l. V th SSDT tng ng vi phn tp pht chn la, cn iu khin cng sut nhanh
cc UE trong chuyn giao mm c th tng ng vi phn tp pht tng ch. li c
th ca SSDT t c nh vic gim nhiu trn ng xung, v b cho suy hao ca
li phn tp trn ng xung cho d liu ngi s dng. V mt l thuyt, r rng rng
li ca SSDT ln hn vi tc d liu cao m ti tng ph ca cc thng tin iu
khin khng ng k.
li v dung lng ca chuyn giao mm kt hp SSDT c ln bng vi
li trong trng hp kt hp chuyn giao mm v iu khin cng sut thng thng.
Thng khng t c li ln t SSDT, v trong mt vi trng hp li chuyn
thnh suy hao. Nguyn nhn c gii thch nh sau: Mt UE ang chuyn giao mm, gi
thng tin phn hi mt cch nh k n cc Nt B trong tp hp tch cc, cc lnh ny
yu cu cc Nt B cn pht d liu. Hot ng ny gy ra s bin ng cng sut ln ti
cc Nt B khc nhau bi v vic truyn dn ti cc UE c tt, bt tng i nhanh khi
c iu khin bi cc UE trong chuyn giao mm. S truyn dn ca Nt B bin i ti
UE trong chuyn giao mm khng nm trong s iu khin mng, hon ton do UE iu
khin. V th, mc d m hnh SSDT lm gim tng cng sut pht trung bnh ca Nt B,
nhng s thay i tng cng sut pht cng tng ln. Vic tng ln ny dn ti khong h
iu khin cng sut yu cu ln hn, c ngha l s gim li ca SSDT. Cc kha cnh
khc cn ch v mt ch tiu k thut l nh hng ca vn tc UE, tc UE cng cao
phn hi ca UE cng kh ng b vi trng thi knh thc t. Ti mt s vn tc, cc vn
v ting vng xut hin cho nn UE thng phi yu cu Nt B sai pht thng qua
bo hiu phn hi ti mng. S nh hng ny c th rt ln khi tc phadinh bng tc
phn hi.
3.3.3. Chuyn giao gia cc h thng WCDMA v GSM.
Cc chun WCDMA v GSM h tr chuyn giao c hai ng gia WCDMA v
GSM. S chuyn giao ny c th s dng cho mc ch ph sng v cn bng ti. Ti pha
ban u khi trin khai WCDMA, chuyn giao ti h thng GSM c th s dng gim
ti trong cc t bo GSM. M hnh ny c ch ra trong hnh 3.28. Khi lu lng trong
mng WCDMA tng, th rt cn chuyn giao cho mc ch ti trn c ng ln v ng
xung. Chuyn giao gia cc h thng c khi xng ti RNC/BSC v t gc h
thng thu, th chuyn giao gia cc h thng tng t nh chuyn giao gia cc RNC hay
chuyn giao gia cc BSC. Thut ton v vic khi xng ny khng c chun ho.

Hnh 3.28: Chuyn giao gia cc h thng GSM v WCDMA.
Th tc chuyn giao nh 3.29. Vic o c chuyn giao gia cc h thng khng
hot ng thng xuyn nhng s c khi ng khi c nhu cu thc hin chuyn giao
gia cc h thng. Vic khi xng chuyn giao l mt thut ton do RNC thc hin v c
th da vo cht lng (BLER) hay cng sut pht yu cu. Khi khi xng o c, u
tin UE s o cng sut tn hiu ca cc tn s GSM trong danh sch ln cn. Khi kt qu
o c c gi ti RNC, n ra lnh cho UE gii m nhn dng trm gc (BSIC) ca
cell ng c GSM tt nht. Khi RNC nhn c BSIC, mt lnh chuyn giao c gi ti
UE. Vic o c c th hon thnh trong 2s.

Hnh 3.29: Th tc chuyn giao gia cc h thng.

Ch nn.
WCDMA s dng vic thu pht lin tc v khng th tin hnh o c vi b nhn
n nu nh khng c nhng khong gin on to ra bi cc tn hiu WCDMA. V th,
ch nn cn thit cho vic o c trong chuyn giao gia cc tn s v chuyn giao gia
cc h thng. Trong sut khong gin on ca ch nn, iu khin cng sut nhanh
khng th s dng v mt phn li ghp chn b mt. V vy, trong sut khung nn cn
Ec/N0 cao hn dn ti dung lng b gim.
Ch nn cng nh hng n vng ph sng ng ln ca cc dch v thi gian
thc, trong tc bit khng th gim trong sut ch nn. V th m th tc chuyn
giao gia cc h thng phi c bt u sm ti bin gii cc cell trnh s suy
gim cht lng ti ch nn.
Chuyn giao t GSM sang WCDMA c bt u ti BSC ca GSM. Khng cn
s dng ch nn tin hnh o c WCDMA t GSM v GSM s dng ch thu
pht khng lin tc.
Thi gian ngt dch v trong chuyn giao gia cc h thng ln nht l 40ms. Thi
gian ngt l khong thi gian gia block chuyn vn thu cui cng trn tn s c v thi
gian UE bt u pht trn knh ng ln mi. Tng khong h dch v ln hn thi gian
ngt v UE cn nhn c knh ring hot ng trong mng GSM. Khong h dch v
thng di 80ms tng t nh chuyn giao trong GSM. Khong h khng lm gim
cht lng dch v.
3.3.4. Chuyn giao gia cc tn s trong WCDMA.
Hu ht cc b vn hnh UMTS u c 2 hoc 3 tn s FDD c hiu lc. Vic vn
hnh c th bt u s dng mt tn s v tn s th hai, th ba. Sau cn tng dung
lng, mt vi tn s c th s dng c ch ra trong hnh 3.30. Mt vi tn s c s
dng trong cng mt site s tng dung lng ca site hoc cc lp micro v macro c
s dng cc tn s khc nhau. Chuyn giao gia cc tn s sng mang WCDMA cn s
dng phng php ny.
Trong chuyn giao ny, ch nn cng c s dng trong vic o c chuyn
giao ging nh trong chuyn giao gia cc h thng. Th tc chuyn giao gia cc tn s
c ch ra trong hnh 3.31. UE cng s dng th tc ng b WCDMA ging nh chuyn
giao trong tn s nhn dng cell c tn s mc tiu. Thi gian nhn dng cell ch yu
ph thuc vo s cc cell v s cc thnh phn a ng m UE c th thu c ging nh
trong chuyn giao cng tn s. Yu cu thi gian nhn dng cell l 5s vi Ec/I0 ca
CPICH >-20dB.

Hnh 3.30: Nhu cu chuyn giao gia cc tn s sng mang WCDMA

Hnh 3.31: Th tc chuyn giao gia cc tn s.

3.4. iu khin cng sut ca mng 3G WCDMA
Trong trng hp mt my pht gy nhiu n gn my thu k (n gn nt B chng
hn), cng sut cu my pht ny tng cao dn n MAI tng cao, t s tn hiu trn nhiu
gim mnh v my thu k khng th tch ra c tn hiu ca mnh. Hin tng ny c
gi l hin tng gn v xa. trnh hin tng ny h thng phi iu khin cng sut
sao cho cng sut thu ti nt B ca tt c cc UE u bng nhau (l tng). iu khin
cng sut trong WCDMA c chia thnh:
1. iu khin cng sut vng h: cho cc knh chung
2. iu khin cng sut vng kn: cho cc knh ring DPDCH/DPCCH v chia s
DSCH
iu khin cng sut vng h c thc hin t ng ti UE khi n thc hin th tc
xin truy nhp Nt B (da trn cng sut m n thu c t knh hoa tiu pht i t B), khi
ny UE cha c kt ni vi nt ny. Cn iu khin cng sut vng kn c thc hin khi
UE kt ni vi nt B. iu khin cng sut vng kn li c chia thnh:
- iu khin cng sut vng trong c thc hin ti nt B. iu khin cng sut
vng trong c thc hin nhanh vi 1500 ln trong mt giy da trn so snh SIR
thu vi SIR ch.
- iu khin cng sut vng ngoi c thc hin ti RNC thit lp SIR ch cho
nt B. iu khin cng sut ny da trn so snh t l li khi (BLER) thu c
vi t l ch.
3.4.1. iu khin cng sut vng kn ng ln
S iu khin cng sut vng kn ng ln c cho trn hnh 3.32

Hnh 3.32: Nguyn l iu khin cng sut vng kn ng ln
3.4.1.1. iu khin cng sut vng trong ng ln
Phng php iu khin cng sut nhanh vng kn ln nh sau (xem hnh 3.32). Nt
B thng xuyn c tnh t s tn hiu trn nhiu thu c (SIR=Signal to Interference
Ratio) trn hoa tiu ng ln trong UL DPCCH v so snh n vi t s SIR ch
(SIRch). Nu SIRctnh cao hn SIRch th nt B thit lp bit iu khin cng sut
trong DPCCH TPC=0 lnh UE h thp cng sut (Ty vo thit lp cu hnh: 1dB
chng hn) , tri li n thit lp bit iu khin cng sut trong DPCCH TPC=1 ra lnh
UE tng cng sut (1dB chng hn). Chu k o-lnh-phn ng ny c thc hin 1500
ln trong mt giy (1,5 KHz) W-CDMA. Tc ny s cao hn mi s thay i tn hao
ng truyn v thm ch c th nhanh hn phainh nhanh khi MS chuyn ng tc
thp.
3.4.1.2. iu khin cng sut vng ngoi ng ln
iu khin cng sut vng ngai thc hin iu chnh gi tr SIRch nt B cho
ph hp vi yu cu ca tng ng truyn v tuyn t c cht lng cc ng
truyn v tuyn nh nhau. Cht lng ca cc ng truyn v tuyn thng c nh
gi bng t s bit li (BER: Bit Error Rate) hay t s khung li (FER=Frame Error Rate).
L do cn t li SIRch nh sau. SIR yu cu (t l vi Ec/N0) chng hn l FER=1%
ph thuc vo tc ca MS v c im truyn nhiu ng. Nu ta t SIR ch ch
cho trng hp xu nht (cho tc cao nht) th s lng ph dung lng cho cc kt ni
tc thp. Nh vy tt nht l SIRch th ni xung quanh gi tr ti thiu p ng
c yu cu cht lng. thc hin iu khin cng sut vng ngoi, mi khung s liu
ca ngi s dng c gn ch th cht lng khung l CRC. Nu kim tra CRC cho thy
BLERctnh>BLERch th SIRch s b gim i mt nc bng SIR, tri li n s
c tng ln mt nc bng SIR. L do t iu khin vng ngoi RNC v chc nng
ny thc hin sau khi thc hin kt hp cc tn hiu chuyn giao mm.
3.4.2. iu khin cng sut vng kn ng xung
iu khin cng sut vng kn c minh ha trn hnh 3.33. UE nhn c BLER
ch t lp cao hn do RNC thit lp cng vi cc thng s iu khin khc. Da trn
BLER ch nhn c t RNC, n thc hin iu khin cng sut vng ngoi bng cch
tnh ton SIR ch cho iu kin cng sut vng kn nhanh ng xung. UE c tnh SIR
ng xung t cc k hiu hoa tiu ca DL DPCCH . c tnh SIR ny c so snh vi
SIR ch. Nu c tnh ny ln hn SIR ch, th UE thit lp TPC=0 trong UL DPCCH
v gi n n nt B, tri li n thit lp TPC=1.
Tc diu khin cng sut vng trong l 1500Hz

Hnh 3.33: Nguyn l iu khin cng sut vng kn ng xung

3.5. Dch v v cht lng dch v mng 3G WCDMA
Cc h thng thng tin di ng th h ba c th cung cp cc dch v tc bit cao
ln n 2 Mbit/s. Vi kh nng ny, cc h thng thng tin di ng th h ba c th cung
cp d dng mt s cc dch v mi nh: in thoi thy hnh, ti d liu nhanh ng
xung. Cc h thng thng tin di ng th h ba cng phi cung cp c cc dch v a
phng tin. Cc dch v a phng tin do h thng thng tin di ng th h ba cung cp
c cho hnh di.

T hnh trn ta thy cc dch v ny tri rng t thng tin tc thp n thng tin
tc cao v ln n tc cc i l 2 Mbit/s. Bao gm nhiu kiu thng tin: truyn dn
khng i xng v i xng, thng tin im n im v a im. Nh khai thc mng
phi m bo mi trng trong mng, trong ngi s dng c th t do s dng cc
dch v a phng tin m khng b hn ch bi cu hnh topo ca mng cng nh cn
phi trang b li cc dch v ca ngi s dng. V th phi xy dng cc dch v kt hp
chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh. H thng thng tin di ng th h ba phi h tr
Truyn
hnh hi
ngh
(cht lng
cao)
Truyn
hnh hi
ngh
(cht lng
thp)
in thoi
hi ngh
in
thoi
Y t t xa
(hnh nh
y t)
Th
ring
Th in
t
Fax
Mua hng
theo
catalog
video
Video theo
yu cu:
-Th thao
- Tin tc
- Phim

Bo
in t
Karaoke
ISDN
Xut bn
in t
Nhn
tin
Truy cp
Internet
WWW
Th
in t
(e-mail)
ftp
in
thoi IP
v.v
Cc dch v phn
phi thng tin
Tin tc
D bo
thi tit
Thng
tin lu
lng
(xe c)
Thng
tin ngh
ngi
Truyn
hnh di
ng
Truyn
thanh di
ng

Hnh nh
S liu

Ting
i xng Khng i xng a phng
im n im im a im
a phng tin di ng Qung b
1,2 kbit/s
2,4 kbit/s
9,6 kbit/s
16 kbit/s
32 kbit/s
64 kbit/s
384
2 Mbit/s
WWW: Web ton cu
FTP: Giao thc truyn file
Hnh 3.34: Cc dch v a phng tin trong h thng thng tin di ng
th h ba.
Truy nhp c s d liu
c di rng cc ng dng vi cc yu cu cht lng dch v khc nhau. V th v mt
bn cht cc vt mang ca h thng phi mang tnh tng qut c th h tr tt cc ng
dng hin c v pht trin cc dch v mi.
3.5.1. Phn loi dch v
Cc nh khai thc c th cung cp rt nhiu dch v i vi khch hng. Hu ht
cc dch v ny lin quan n cc kiu dch v in thoi khc nhau v cc dch v b
sung. Ngoi ra c th a ra cc dch v khng lin quan n cc cuc gi nh e-mail. Cc
dch v c th phn loi thnh:
Dch v di ng.
Dch v vin thng.
Dch v Internet.
Bng 3.9 phn loi cc dch v.
Bng 3.9: Phn loi cc dch v
Kiu Phn loi Dch v chi tit
Dch v di
ng
Dch c di ng - Di ng u cui/ Di ng c nhn/ Di ng dch v
Dch v thng tin nh v - Theo vt di ng/ theo vt di ng thng minh
Dch v
vin thng
Dch v Audio - Dch v Audio cht lng cao (16-64 kbit/s)
- Dch v Audio AM (32-64 kbit/s)
- Dch v Audio FM (64-384 kbit/s)
Dch v s liu - Dch v s liu tc trung bnh thp (64-144 kbit/s)
- Dch v s liu tc trung bnh cao (144 kbit/s-2 Mbit/s)
- dch v s liu tc siu cao ( 2 Mbit/s)
Dch v a phng tin - Dch v video (384 kbit/s)
- Dch v video chuyn ng (384 kbit/s-2 Mbit/s)
- Dch v video chuyn ng thi gian thc ( 2 Mbit/s)
Dch v
Internet
Internet n gin - Dch v truy nhp Web (384 kbit/s)
Internet thi gian thc - Dch v Internet (384 kbit/s-2 Mbit/s)
Dch v a phng tin - Dch v Web a phng tin thi gian thc

3.5.2. Cc dch v c s
3.5.2.1. Cc dch v xa (teleservice)
Cc dch v xa l mt kiu ca dch v vin thng cung cp kh nng y bao
gm cc chc nng thit b u cui thng tin gia hai ngi s dng theo cc giao
thc c tha thun gia cc c quan qun l. Cc dch v ny bao gm:
* in thoi.
* Cc cuc gi khn.
* Dch v bn tin ngn im im kt cui trm di ng.
* Dch v bn tin ngn im im khi xng t trm di ng.
* Dch v bn tin ngn pht qung b .
* Thoi v FAX nhm 3 lun phin (T/NT: trong sut/khng trong sut).
* FAX t ng nhm 3.
* Dch v a bn tin.
* FAX lu v pht trn c s T.37.
* FAX thi gian thc trn c s T.38.
* Cuc gi nhm thoi.
* Pht thanh thoi.
* Truy nhp Internet.
* a phng tin thi gian thc chuyn mch knh trn c s H.323, H.324.
* a phng.
3.5.2.2. Cc dch v mng (bearer Sevice)
Dch v mng l mt dch v vin thng cung cp kh nng truyn dn tn hiu
gia hai giao din ngi s dng mng.
3.5.2.3. Cc dch v b sung (Supplementaty Sevice)
Cc dch v b sung bao gm:
- Trnh by nhn dng ng gi (CLIP).
- Hn ch nhn dng ng gi (CLIR).
- Trnh by nhn dng ng c ni (CoLP).
- Hn ch nhn dng ng c ni (CoLR).
- Th hin tn ch gi (CNAP).
Cc dch v b sung cho cuc gi:
- Chuyn hng cuc gi khng iu kin (CFU).
- Chuyn hng cuc gi khi thu bao di ng bn (CFB).
- Chuyn hng cuc gi khi khng tr li (CFNRy).
- Chuyn hng cuc gi khi khng n c thu bao di ng (CFNRc).
Cc dch v b sung khi hon thnh cuc gi:
- i gi (CW Call Waiting).
- Chim gi gi (CH Call Hold).
Cc dch v b sung a pha:
- Dch v a pha (MTPY Multi Party).
Cc dch v b sung cho mt cng ng:
- Nhm ngi s dng khp kn ( CUG).
Cc dch v b sung tnh cc:
- Thng bo v thng tin tnh cc (AOCI).
- Thng bo v tnh cc (AOCC).
Cc dch v b sung hn ch cuc gi:
- Cm tt c cc cuc gi ra (BOIC).
- Cm cc cuc gi ra quc t (BAIC).
- Cm cc cuc gi ra quc t tr cc cuc gi nh hng v nc c mng thng
tin di ng thng tr (BOIC exHC).
- Cm tt c cc cuc gi vo (BACI).
- Cm cc cuc gi vo khi chuyn mng (Roaming) khi nc c mng thng tr
(Bic Roam).
- Chuyn cuc gi tng minh (ECT).
- u tin v dnh ring a mc ci tin (EMLPP).
- H tr quy hoch s ring (SPNP).
- Hon thnh cc cuc gi i vi cc thu bao bn (CCBS).

3.5.3. Cc dch v mng UMTS
UMTS cho php ngi s dng la chn cc c tnh mang ph hp nht cho vic
mang thng tin. Ngoi ra cng c th thay i c tnh mang thng qua th tc m phn
li trong qu trnh kt ni tnh cc. m phn vt mang c khi xng bi ng dng,
trong khi m phn li c th c ti khi xng hoc bi ngi s dng hoc bi
mng (chng hn khi chuyn giao). m phn khi xng bi ng dng v c bn ging
nh m phn xy ra khi thit lp vt mang: ng dng yu cu mt vt mang ph thuc
vo nhu cu ca mnh v mng kim tra cc ti nguyn kh dng, ng k ca thu bao
sau tr li.
Loi vt mang, cc thng s vt mang v cc gi tr ca thng s c lin quan trc
tip n ng dng cng nh cc mng gia pht v thu. Cn phi chn tp cc thng s
sao cho cc th tc m phn v m phn li n gin v r rng. Ngoi ra cc thng s
phi cho php d dng kim sot v gim st. Khun dng v ng ngha phi xt n cc
TE MT
UTRAN
CN Iu
EDGE
NODE
Cng
mng li
TE
Dch v u cui u cui
Dch v mang UMTS
Dch v mang a
phng TE/MT
Dch v
mang ngoi
Dch v mang truy nhp v
tuyn
Dch v mang
mng li
Dch v mang
v tuyn
Dch v mang
Iu
Dch v mang
ng trc
Dch v mang
UTRA FDD/TDD
Dch v mang
vt l
TE: Thit b u cui.
MT: u cui di ng.
CN: Mng li.
EDGE: S liu ci tin cho pht trin GSM.
CN Iu EDGE NODE: im nt CN Iu, EDGE.
Hnh 3.35: Cu trc ca dch v mng UMTS.
UMTS
giao thc hin c. Ngoi ra khi nim cht lng dch v (QoS: Quality of Service) phi
linh hot v a dng cho php m phn cc vt mang trong tng lai i vi cc
dch v cha bit.
hnh trn th hin cu trc phn lp ca dch v vt mang UMTS, mi vt mang
mt lp c th cung cp cc dch v ring s dng cc dch v do cc lp cung cp. T
hnh ta thy dch v vt mang UMTS ng vai tr chnh trong vic m bo dch v u
cui u cui.
3.5.4. Cht lng dch v (QoS) ca UMTS
Tng qut c th chia cc ng dng v cc dch v vo cc nhm khc nhau ph
thuc vo cch xem xt chng. Cng nh cc giao thc chuyn mch gi, UMTS c
thc hin cc yu cu QoS t ng dng hoc ngi s dng. Trong UMTS bn loi lu
lng c nh ngha:
Hi thoi.
Lung.
Tng tc.
C bn.
Yu t phn bit ch yu ca cc dch v ny l nhy cm tr ca lu lng.
Chng hn loi hi ngh rt nhy cm vi tr, trong khi loi c bn t nhy cm vi tr
nht. Cc loi QoS c tng kt bng 3.10.
Trong khi giai on u ca UMTS cc loi dch v hi thoi v lung s c pht
nh l cc kt ni thi gian thc trn giao din v tuyn ca W-CDMA, trong khi cc
loi c bn v tng tc c pht nh l cc gi s liu phi thi gian thc theo lp biu.
Bng 3.10: Tng kt cc loi QoS
Loi lu
lng
Loi hi thoi Loi lung Loi tng tc C bn

Cc c
tnh c
bn
Dnh trc quan h
thi gian gia cc thc
th thng tin ca lung.
Mu hi thoi
(cht ch v tr nh).
Dnh trc
quan h thi
gian gia cc
thc th thng
tin ca lung.
Yu cu mu tr li.
Dnh trc s liu
ton vn
Ni nhn khng i s
liu trong khon thi
gian nht nh.
Dnh trc s liu
ton vn.
Th d v
ng dng
Thoi.
in thoi thy hnh.
Cc tr chi thoi.
Lung a
phng tin.
Duyt trnh Web.
Cc tr chi mng.
Ti xung
e-mail.

N TT NGHIP Chng 4: Trin khai mng 3G WCDMA ca Viettel
Chng 4:
TRIN KHAI MNG 3G WCDMA CA VIETTEL

4.1. Gii thiu s lc v h thng GSM ca Viettel
Hin nay, mng di ng Viettel dng cng ngh GSM, th h 2,5G c s dng
ph bin trn 180 nc vi hn 700 nh khai thc trn th gii.
Mng di ng Viettel c chia thnh mng li v mng v tuyn.

Hnh 4.1: S cu trc mng di ng Viettel hin ti

Hnh 4.2: S cu trc tng th mng di ng Viettel hin ti

4.1.1. Mng li
a. Tng i GMSC
ng vai tr l tng i c giao din vi cc mng bn ngoi kt ni mng bn
ngoi vi mng GSM.
- H Ni c 04 GMSC.
- Nng c 02 GMSC.
- H Ch Minh c 02 GMSC.
Tng i GMSC trn l tng i softswitch vi dung lng trn 20.000 E1.
Ti H Ni tng i GMSC kt ni vi cc h thng sau:
- Kt ni trc tip vi cc tng i cng GMSC khc trong mng.
- Kt ni trc tip vi 09 tng i MSC ti H Ni v 09 MSS (softswitch).
- Kt ni trc tip vi trn 30 qun l trm gc BSC khu vc 1 bng giao thc BSSAP
ca bo hiu s 7.
- Kt ni trc tip vi h thng CRBT.
Giao din kt ni l cc lung E1 hoc STM1. Cc giao din ny s dng bo hiu s 7,
giao din gia GMSC vi MSC s dng giao thc: ISUP, SCCP, MAP, CAP.
V kt ni trc tip n cc mng sau:
- Kt ni trc tip vi tng i Toll ca Viettel ti H Ni nh tuyn lu lng i
quc t; n mng PSTN ca Viettel v mng qun s.
- Kt ni vi VMS - mng di ng Mobile Phone.
- Kt ni vi GPC - mng di ng VinaPhone.
- Kt ni vi Sphone - mng di ng ca SPT.
- Kt ni vi EVN - mng di ng ca EVN
- Kt ni vi HT - mng di ng ca H Ni Telecom
- Kt ni vi VTN1 - mng PSTN lin tnh ca VNPT.
- Kt ni vi Tandem H Ni mng c nh ca VNPT H Ni.
Giao din kt ni lu lng ngoi mng l cc lung E1 hoc STM1. Bo hiu s 7
s dng cc giao thc ISUP cho thoi v giao thc MAP cho SMS.
GMSC ti H Ch Minh v Nng cng c u ni tng t nh H Ni.
b. H thng chuyn giao bo hiu STP
- Gm 3 cp 3 vng: H Ni, Nng, TP. H Ch Minh.
- C chc nng chuyn giao bo hiu, h tr tt c cc giao thc bo hiu s 7 ISUP,
SCCP, MAP, CAP, TCAPtrn nn TDM v IP trong mng di ng, h tr cc link
bo hiu LSL (64kb/s), HSL (2Mb/s); Singtran: M3UA, M2PA.
- Kt ni vi cc h thng GMSC, MSC, MSS, HLR, SMSC, IN, STP khc, lm cu
ni bo hiu cho cc h thng trn. Mc ch qun l tp trung bo hiu c kh
nng gim st, tracing, screening, mt cch d dng cc bn tin bo hiu ca mng.
c. Tng i MSC
MSC lm chc nng chuyn mch, thit lp iu khin cuc gi, gm trn 40 tng
i MSC kt ni vi dung lng trn 20 triu thu bao c t ti 3 trung tm l H Ni,
tp.H Ch Minh v Nng; kt ni trc tip vi cc GMSC v cc BSC ti mi vng.
Cc MSC trn c giao din vi GMSC v cc BSC, giao din kt ni bng cc lung
E1 v STM1. Giao din bo hiu vi GMSC s dng bo hiu s 7 giao thc SCCP, ISUP,
MAP, CAP. Giao din bo hiu vi BSC s dng giao thc BSSAP.
d. H thng c s d liu thu bao - HLR
HLR - Trung tm qun l ng k d liu thu bao, vi dung lng trn 40 triu thu
bao c t ti H Ni, HLR kt ni trc tip vi cc h thng sau:
- Cc STP s dng giao thc MAP;
- H thng GPRS cho dch v WAP.
e. H thng IN v cc h thng VAS
- IN (Intelligent network): x l iu khin cc cuc gi ca thu bao tr trc
Prepaid; lu tr thng tin ti khon ca thu bao tr trc;
- SMSC (Short Message Service Center): trung tm dch v tin nhn: x l iu khin
nhn SMS t thu bao v phn phi SMS ti thu bao nhn;
- MCA (Miscall Alert System): h thng cnh bo cuc gi nh;
- CRBT (Colour Ringback Tone): h thng nhc chung ch;
- BGM (Backgroud Music): h thng nhc nn;
- SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node): thc hin chc nng chuyn mch gi, c h
tr giao din kt ni vi BSC;
- GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node): thc hin chc nng chuyn mch gi,
khng c giao din kt ni vi BSC;
- GPRS (General Packet Radio Service 2.5G) 172Kb/s; EDGE (Enhanced Data Rate
For GSM Evolution 2.75G) 384Kb/s.
4.1.2. Mng v tuyn
Hin ti mng di ng Viettel dng cng ngh GSM 2.5G s dng di tn 900 v
1800MHz. S dng cc k thut tin tin tng dung lng mng, cht lng ph sng
nh k thut nhy tn, half-rate Ton mng gm trn 120 BSC qun l trn 8000 trm
BTS.
a. H thng qun l trm gc BSC
- Ti H Ni: gm trn 30 BSC ca Ericsson, kt ni trc tip vi:
Cc MSC t ti H Ni;
H thng GPRS cung cp cc dch v WAP;
Cc trm thu pht v tuyn BTS khu vc 1;
- Ti TP. H Ch Minh gm trn 80 BSC ca Alcatel kt ni trc tip vi:
Cc MSC t ti H Ch Minh;
H thng GPRS ti H Ni;
Cc trm thu pht v tuyn BTS khu vc 3.
- Ti Nng gm trn 10 BSC ca Ericsson, kt ni trc tip:
Cc MSC t ti Nng;
H thng GPRS ti H Ni;
Cc trm thu pht v tuyn khu vc 2.
b. Trm thu pht v tuyn BTS
Ph kn 64/64 tnh thnh, bao gm trn 8000 trm BTS.
- Ti H Ni: bao gm cc BTS ca Ericsson kt ni trc tip n cc BSC ti H Ni.
- Ti tp H Ch Minh bao gm cc BTS ca Alcatel kt ni trc tip n cc BSC ti
tp H Ch Minh.
- Ti Nng bao gm cc BTS ca Ericsson kt ni trc tip n cc BSC ti
Nng.
c. Cc dch v cung cp
Cc dch v c bn v cc dch v gi tr gia tng m mng ang cung cp:
- Cc dch v c bn:
Thoi,
Hin th s gi n,
Nhn tin ngn,
Gi cuc gi,
Ch cuc gi,
Chn cuc gi n v i,
Chuyn cuc gi,
Hp th thoi,
Truyn Fax, d liu,
Gi hi ngh,
Cc s in thoi khn cp.
- Cc dch v gi tr gia tng:
Dch v thng bo cuc gi nh MCA,
Dch v Colour Ring,
Dch v thanh ton cc tr sau bng th ATM,
Dch v Call Me Back,
Dch v ng tin,
Dch v thanh ton cc tr sau bng th np tin tr trc (Pay 199),
Dch v GPRS: MMS, Email, WAP, Ti nhc chung a m, m thanh thc,
hnh nn, games, mn hnh ch,... qua GPRS.

4.2. Trin khai 3G ca Viettel.
4.2.1. S dch chuyn t GSM sang 3G.
Vi th trng Vit Nam, cng ngh di ng u tin GSM, th h 2G n gin ch
cho php thoi l chnh. Vic nng cp ln cng ngh GPRS vo cui nm 2003 gip
ngi dng bt u lm quen vi nhng ng dng d liu. Cui nm 2007, sau khi ng
dng EGDE, tc c nng cao hn vi nh tc t khong 384 kb/s. Nhng tc
thc t vn cn thp khin cc dch v da trn nn d liu khng th pht trin v
bng n mnh nh dch v thoi hin nay. Vi cng ngh WCDMA - th h 3G vi tc
2Mbps v HSPA (HSDPA & HSUPA) th h 3,5G vi kh nng truyn ln n 14,4
Mbps. y l nhng cng ngh tin tin ang c ng dng rng ri trn th gii vi hn
200 triu thu bao, trn 220 mng thuc 94 quc gia, chim 2/3 thu bao 3G trn ton cu
(GSA, 6/2008).
Khi nng cp ln 3G, cng ngh WCDMA hot ng trn mt k thut truy cp
khc hon ton, l CDMA, do bng tn hot ng s phi tch bit vi GSM.
WCDMA mi knh bng tn s l 5MHz, s cn mt di tn 3G mi khc vi tn s ang
hot ng hin nay. S i mi nh vy s cn mt thit b thu pht sng BTS hon ton
mi, c t tn l Node B, cng vi n l mt thit b qun l trm gc (BSC) mi, tn
l iu khin mng v tuyn RNC. Do tnh k tha khi nng cp, h thng mng li hin
hu vn c th c s dng kt ni vi mng v tuyn (Node B v RNC) ca cng
ngh WCDMA.
y, ngoi h thng v tuyn WCDMA (bao gm RNC v Node B) l cn u t
mi, tt c h thng khc s c tn dng li. Hu ht cc nh sn xut tng i hin nay
u c gii php nng cp h thng mng li, truyn dn, c s d liu, h thng vn
hnh hin hu h tr c GSM v WCDMA. Nh vy, mun ph sng 3G u, cc
nh cung cp dch v s t thit b thu pht sng 3G khu vc v ni v tng i.


Hnh 4.3: Mng 3G UMTS k tha mng li 2G
Tuy nm trn 2 thit b khc nhau, s vn hnh ca 2 h thng v tuyn bao gm
GSM v WCDMA cng s c qun l thng nht, m bo chuyn giao lin mch gia
2 h thng. Cuc gi s vn m bo duy tr khi chuyn bng tn v chuyn cng ngh,
iu ny s xy ra khi ngi dng di chuyn ngoi vng ph sng ca mt cng ngh hoc
b qu ti. Nh tnh lin mch ny, vic s dng bng thng s rt hiu qu c s iu tit,
phn b qua li gia cc cuc gi trn cc bng tn, tc s gim nghn mng; cc thit b
s c tn dng ti a dng chung ti nguyn cho c hai h thng; v vic u t
WCDMA khng cn phi ng lot ton mng.

Hnh 4.4: S pht trin lin mch
V tuyn GSM:
- Bng tn 800, 900, 1800,
1900MHz
- Ph sng ton quc.

V tuyn WCDMA:
- Bng tn 1900, 2100MHz
- Ph song bt u t vng
th.
Chung:
- Mng li
- Truyn dn
- Nh trm
- in thoi
- H thng d liu
khch hng
- H thng vn
hnh v qun l

Hin nay Viettel trin khai WCDMA theo phng n dn dn: u tin ph sng
WCDMA bt u t vng th ri lan ta dn ra, trong khi vn tip tc u t GSM
nng cao dung lng dch v thoi v dch v d liu tc thp GPRS. Cc l do
chn chin lc ny: kh nng pht trin ca GSM v GPRS vn cn cao; cht lng v
dung lng ca GSM v GPRS c vn cn phi u t ci thin phc v khch hng
2G; mng GSM v s thu bao qu ln; in thoi 2G vn cn nhiu; th trng d liu di
ng ch mi pht trin. Cc thit b u cui a ch GSM/GPRS/WCDMA v vy
cng s c gii thiu, tip th dn dn, ph thuc vo nhu cu v kh nng ca khch
hng.
4.2.2. Node B ca Viettel.
Viettel trin khai v lp t cc thit b mng truy nhp v tuyn cung cp cc
dch v 3G tt nht cho ngi s dng. Vi cu trc Node B nh sau:

Hnh 4.5: Kin trc Node B

c im chnh ca BTS 3900 l:
- Cc loi truyn dn: E1/T1, FE (cng in v cng quang).
- Topo mng: sao, ni tip, cy, vng hoc lai.
- Cc ngun ng b: ng b qua giao din Iub, GPS v ng h ni.
- Cc loi chuyn giao: chuyn giao mm, chuyn giao mm hn v chuyn giao
cng.
- Cc dch v: dch v CS, dch v PS v cc dch v tng hp.
- Thc hin cc chc nng: RET, HSDPA, HSUPA.

Hnh 4.6: Cu trc logic ca BTS 3900

Cu trc logic ca BTS 3900 gm c 3 modul: BBU Modules, RF Modules, Power
Modules, vi cc tnh nng chnh sau:
BBU Modules:
- Cung cp chc nng vn hnh v bo dng,
- iu khin cc board khc trong h thng v cung cp ng h,
- Cung cp cc cng truyn dn cho giao din Iub,
- X l tn hiu bng gc ng ln v ng xung,
- iu khin h thng ta nhit,
- Chuyn i ngun t -48V hay +24V DC thnh ngun +12DC dung cho cc board,
- Kt ni vi h thng cnh bo ngoi v truyn tn hiu cnh bo,
RF Modules: bao gm giao din tc cao, b s l tn hiu khuch i cng sut v b
phi ghp ra anten.
Power Modules: cung cp ngun cho h thng v ta nhit cho h thng.

4.2.3. Mt s dch v 3G Viettel cung cp.
Vi u th tc vt tri ca cng ngh HSDPA 3.5G, dch v 3G Viettel gip
ngi dung tn hng s thoi mi m thoi Video Call, lt Web, nghe nhc, chi game
online v nhiu dch v tin ch khc nhau nh:
Dch v MobileTV
Dch v MobiTV cho php ngi dng 3G tip cn cc phng tin gii tr cht
lng cao nh xem cc knh truyn hnh trc tip (liveTV), cc b phim hay cc video
clip theo yu cu (VOD) mi lc mi ni ch vi chic in thoi ha mng 3G. Khch
hng c th s dng dch v thng qua hai phng thc l qua trang WAP ca dch v hay
qua ng dng Client c ci t trc tip trn in thoi.
Cc tnh nng c bn ca dch v bao gm:
- Xem cc knh truyn hnh c sc trong nc v nc ngoi;
- Xem video theo yu cu vi ni dung phong ph thuc cc lnh vc khc nhau nh
ca nhc, thi s, hi hc, phim;
- Xem lch pht sng ca cc knh trong h thng;
- Qun l knh yu thch;
- ng k/Hy ng k dch v, cc knh c sc nng cao.
Dch v Mobile Interner
- Dch v Mobile Internet 3G l dch v truy nhp Internet trc tip t my in thoi
di ng c s dng SIMCard Viettel;
- u im ca dch v Mobile Internet l hot ng trn mng 3G v vy tc truy
cp gp 6 ln so vi EDGE v 8 ln so vi GPRS.
Dch v MClip
- Mclip l dch v cho php xem trc tuyn hoc ti clip v my in thoi di ng.
Dch v Vmail
Vmail l dch v gi v nhn email trn in thoi di ng di hnh thc y
email v ng dng trn in thoi di ng. Thng qua ng truyn data ca mng
Viettel, mi khi c email mi gi n a ch th in t ( ng k nhn v gi), h
thng Vmail s t ng thc hin y trc tip email xung ng dng Vmail c
ci t trn my in thoi di ng.
Cc tnh nng c bn ca Vmail:
- Nhn v gi mail qua ng dng thng qua hnh thc Push mai;
- Chc nng xem trc vi hu ht cc nh dng file c bn (gif, bmp, doc );
- Nhn file nh km vi dung lng ti a 500KB, gi file nh km c dung lng
ti a 200KB;
- H tr nhiu email khc nhau bao gm: Yahoo, Hotmail; Gmail, local ISP.v.v;
- H tr hu ht cc my ch email c POP3/ IMAP;
- H tr hu ht cc mail server c POP3/ IMAP.
Dch v Mstore
Mstore l mt kho ng dng dnh cho in thoi di ng c cung cp bi
Viettel. Khch hng c th truy cp vo trang web/wap www.mstore.vn
hoc www.mstore.com.vn t my tnh hoc in thoi di ng xem, ti v gi tng cc
ng dng.
Dch v Imuzik 3G
Imuzik 3G l dch v m nhc xy dng trn nn tng 3G gip khch hng c th
nghe nhc, xem video clip, ti nguyn bi ht v in thoi (download fulltrack), ti cc
on nhc ch hoc c cc tin tc m nhc trong nc v quc t ngay trn in thoi di
ng ca mnh.
Dch v Game Online
L dch v cung cp game dnh cho in thoi di ng, cho php khch hng
Viettel c th tng tc trc tip vi My ch ni dung (Server) hoc nhiu ngi chi
khc thng qua kt ni 3G (t cht lng ti u) hoc EDGE/GPRS.
Dch v Video Call
Video call l dch v thoi c hnh cho php cc thu bao khi ang m thoi c th
thy hnh nh trc tip ca nhau thng qua camera ca my in thoi di ng.
Dch v Websurf
Website l ni cung cp thng tin nhanh, y cho mi ngi. c bit trong
cuc sng bn rn hin nay vic cp nht thng tin t cc bo in t qua in thoi di
ng mi lc, mi ni rt ph bin v cn thit i vi chng ta.
Tuy nhin, hin ti vic truy cp cc trang web trn my di ng ch thc hin c
trn mt s dng my cao cp. Vi my thng thng, xy ra cc trng hp: hoc dng
my khng h tr, hoc trang web s b trn mn hnh, tc load v chm. p ng
nhu cu , Viettel cho ra i gii php lt web trn in thoi di ng. Ngi
dng ch cn truy cp qua my in thoi di ng vo trang www.mgate.vn, sau nh
tn trang web cn truy cp vo thanh a ch trn trang. y l mt gii php c ng
dng rng ri ti cc mng di ng trn th gii (AOL (Canada), AIS (Thi Lan), KPN
(H Lan), Mobilcom Austria (o), Vodafone, Mobiltel, Cellcom, Pelephone).
Khi truy cp qua www.mgate.vn, tt c cc trang web s c chuyn i nh dng ph
hp vi kch thc tng loi mn hnh my di ng khch hng c th c trn vn cc
thng tin trn trang web mnh yu thch.
Dch v Mobile Broadband
Dch v gip khch hng c th truy nhp Internet bng rng t my tnh thng qua
thit b USB HSPA/HSDPA c gn SIM 3G Viettel. Khi s dng dch v ny, thu bao c
th truy cp Internet vi tc cao qua sng di ng 3G.

N TT NGHIP Kt lun v hng pht trin ca ti
KT LUN
Thng tin di ng l mt h thng ang pht trin rt mnh v hin ti chim th
trng rng ln vt qua h thng c nh. H thng GSM hin ti ni ring v cc h
thng thng tin di ng th h th hai ni chung, mc d vn ang c khai thc v pht
trin, nhng ang tng bc tin n kin trc ca h thng th h th ba. WCDMA ang
pht trin tip theo ca GSM, chnh v vy, vn tm hiu v h thng ny l vn ang
c quan tm m trc mt l tm hiu nhng thay i ca h thng mi so vi h thng
c.
ti ny tuy ch a ra ci nhn tng th v h thng thng tin di ng th ba vi
nhng bin i k thut x l chnh l trong giao din v tuyn y l mt trong nhng
kha cnh quan trng v trong thng tin v tuyn th tn hiu v cht lng tn hiu l vn
quyt nh cht lng dch v cng nh ti u cho cng tc quy hoch. ng thi a
ra c ci nhn thc t khi trin khai mng 3G ca cc nh khai thc dch v di ng in
hnh l Viettel.
V phng din ngi s dng dch v di ng, ti c ngha gii thiu v gii
thch mt cch khi qut v ht thng, phng thc hot ng ca mng v cc dch v m
mng 3G cung cp.
V phng din k thut, ti gp phn tm hiu cu trc h thng, mt s k
thut x l trong h thng, c bit hiu c khi trin khai thc t nh.

HNG PHT TRIN CA TI

Tm hiu mt h thng mi nh h thng thng tin di ng th ba cng ngh
WCDMA th hn cn rt nhiu vn , cng c ngha l s khng dng li ci nhn tng
quan. ti tuy ch mi tm hiu mt cch tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng th ba.
Nhng l c s cn thit v quan trng khi tm hiu chuyn su hn v h thng 3G.
M ng dng u tin l c th nghin cu k v truy nhp tc cao HDPA v cc k
thut khc ci thin cht lng dch v ng thi l tin tm hiu v nghin cu
h thng thng tin di ng th t 4G trong tng lai.

N TT NGHIP Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
TP.H Ch Minh, ngythng 06 nm 2010

Th.S V Trng Sn

N TT NGHIP Nhn xt ca gio vin c duyt

NHN XT CA GIO VIN C DUYT

..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
TP.H Ch Minh, ngythng 06 nm 2010

.

N TT NGHIP Danh mc ti liu tham kho

DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

N TT NGHIP 15
1. TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Sch Thng tin di ng th h ba, Nh xut bn Bu
in, 2001
2. TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Gio trnh Thng tin di ng th h ba, Hc Vin
Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng , Nh xut bn Bu in, 2004
3. TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Gio trnh L trnh pht trin thng tin di ng 3G ln
4G, Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng, 12/2008.
4. V c Th, Sch Thng tin di ng s Cellular, 1997
5. Mt s ti liu ca Viettel.
6. Tero Oanpera, Ramjee Prasad, Wideband CDMA for Third Generation Mobile
Communication, Artech House, Boston, London
7. Power Control Algorithms for soft handoff users in UMTS F.Blaise, Lelicegui,
F.Goeusse, G.Vivier-Motorola Labs
8. www.tapchibcvt.gov.vn
9. http://viettel.com.vn
10. Mt s trang web, din n khc.

3g Wcdma Viettel

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

3g Wcdma Viettel

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

N TT NGHIP Li ni u

GVHD: Th.S V Trng Sn Trang 1 SVTH: Nguyn Vn Su

You might also like