Pi (3.

14) Day (3/14) and Einstein's Birthday

= 3.14159265

Where have you seen ?

Area of a Circle A=r2

Circumference of a Circle C=d or C=2r
Area of a Sector A=r2

,
360

where m is the measure of the central angle

S = 2 r2 + 2 rh

S = r2 + rl

S =4 r2

V = r2h

V = 1 r2h

V = 4 r3

Interesting Facts

e i 1 0

Eulers Formula

2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 ...

2 1 1 3 3 5 5 7 7 ...
2 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 ...
6 1 2 3 4

1 1 1 1 1
1 ...
4
3 5 7 9 11
Gregory-Leibniz series
The following TI83 program evaluates the above series times 4 for the number of
terms entered by the user and displays the result every 100 terms.
PI
4 N
0P
1 D
ClrHome
Disp "ENTER NO > 100:"
Input I
round(I / 100, 0) I
For(J, 1, I)
For(K, 1, 100)
D+2D
1 * N N
N/D+PP
End
Disp (K 1) J
Disp P
End

Early Estimates of Pi
Archimedes estimated as 3.1418 using a 96-sided regular polygon to
approximate a circle. By 1600, was estimated to 35 decimal places.
Computers made it possible to estimate to thousands of places.

My Estimate for Using Ideas from Calculus

Sum of rectangular areas is
approximately of area of circle.
As width of rectangles approaches
zero (gets smaller), sum approaches
area of circle.
A = r2 = 12 =
= 4 * area of of circle

The Buffon Needle Problem

The Buffon Needle Problem proves that the

probability of a needle of length L crossing
one of many parallel lines a distance of D

2L
apart is D . (Buffon discovered this through
Calculus.)

To simplify things, we will let L = D. In other words, the length, L, of our needle
is the same as the distance, D, between the parallel lines. So when L = D, the

2
probability of the needle crossing one of the parallel lines is .
The Monte Carlo Method
The Monte Carlo Method is a method of approximating values by doing a large
number of random experiments.
Example: What is the area of region A?
1. Select n points at random inside the square.
2. If r points fall in region A, then the area of

r 2
region A is s .
n

Estimating using the Monte Carlo Method and the Buffon Needle Solution
Using the Monte Carlo Method, we will estimate the probability of a needle

hits
landing on a line using the ratio drops .

2
According to Buffon, the probability is .
hits
2

The two are equal: drops .

Solving for we have:

2 drops
hits .

Our Experiment
1. Drop the dowel rod on the floor 100 times.
2. Count the number of drops which result in the dowel rod crossing a parallel
line on the floor (parallel in one direction only). These are called hits.
3. Estimate using the ratio

2 drops
hits

A great computer simulation of our experiment:

http://www.mste.uiuc.edu/reese/buffon/bufjava.html

Digits of Pi
(groups of 10; 100 per line)
Pi 3.
1415926535 8979323846 2643383279 5028841971 6939937510 5820974944 5923078164 0628620899
8628034825 3421170679 8214808651 3282306647 0938446095 5058223172 5359408128 4811174502
8410270193 8521105559 6446229489 5493038196 4428810975 6659334461 2847564823 3786783165
2712019091 4564856692 3460348610 4543266482 1339360726 0249141273 7245870066 0631558817
4881520920 9628292540 9171536436 7892590360 0113305305 4882046652 1384146951 9415116094
3305727036 5759591953 0921861173 8193261179 3105118548 0744623799 6274956735 1885752724
8912279381 8301194912
(500 Digits)
9833673362 4406566430 8602139494 6395224737 1907021798 6094370277 0539217176 2931767523
8467481846 7669405132 0005681271 4526356082 7785771342 7577896091 7363717872 1468440901
2249534301 4654958537 1050792279 6892589235 4201995611 2129021960 8640344181 5981362977
4771309960 5187072113 4999999837 2978049951 0597317328 1609631859 5024459455 3469083026
4252230825 3344685035 2619311881 7101000313 7838752886 5875332083 8142061717 7669147303
5982534904 2875546873 1159562863 8823537875 9375195778 1857780532 1712268066 1300192787
6611195909 2164201989
(1,000 Digits)