Project concept Note on Application of Solar Technology in Rural Areas of most backward 39 Talukas in Karnataka Objective: To provide alternative

Solar energy solutions for domestic industrial and commercial establishments in order to mitigate the energy problems in backward villages of the state. To develop and deploy village specific electricity generation system and package based on Solar Technology/ Solar Wind Hybrid Technology. Technology: It has been decided to focus on the development and application of the solar energy technologies may be in combination with wind. The villages are enabled to produce their own energy and not at the mercy of power outages and flactuating costs. 1. Introduction During 2006-07, the Government of India notified The Rural Electrification Policy, which lay down the broad framework for rural electrification programmes in the country. The Rural Electrification Policy has laid down that in villages/habitations where grid connectivity would not be feasible or not cost effective, off-grid solutions based on stand-alone systems may be taken up for supply of electricity. Main extracts from the Policy are given in Annexure-1. Solar stand alone is one such system. India receives solar energy equivalent to over 5,000 trillion kWh per year. The daily average solar energy incident varies from 4 -7 kWh per square meter depending upon the location. The annual average global solar radiation on horizontal surface, incident over India, is about 5.5 kWh per square meter per day. There are about 300 clear sunny days in most parts of
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the country. Karnataka is ideally suited for exploiting the solar potential for electrification with the available technology. 2. Two routes to harness Solar Energy: Solar energy can be harnessed through two routes, namely solar photovoltaic and solar thermal, by direct conversion to electricity and heat energy respectively. 3.Solar energy devices and systems: Solar Home lighting, Solar street lighting, solar water Pumps, Solar Power Packs, Solar water purifiers. Solar Water Heating, Systems (SWHS). Solar Air Heating systems/Solar Cooking Devises Solar steam Generating systems Solar driers/Solar Stills Solar Wind Hybrid systems 4.Current Activities: The following programmes are implemented by KREDL as sanctioned by the MNRE in solar energy on target basis. 5.Remote Village Electrification Programme: The Remote Village Electrification Programme of the Ministry was initiated for electrification through renewable energy sources of those unelectrified remote census villages and remote un-electrified hamlets of electrified census villages where grid connectivity is either not feasible or not cost effective. The RVE Programme has also been suitably adapted with the Rural electrification policy.

6. SPV Home lighting Systems: The SPV Home Lighting Systems are implemented on demonstration basis. In many situations, particularly in very small and very remote villages, no other renewable energy option except SPV home lighting systems may prove to be feasible. A majority of remote census villages taken up for electrification under the programme are provided with SPV home lighting systems (about 95%). While, before 2004-05, support was being provided for SPV home lighting systems of up to 4 lights each, after 2005 it has been restricted to systems of 2 lights each. BPL households are provided single light systems with 100% subsidy. The solar home lighting systems for two lights are designed to provide around 0.1 kWh of energy per day and cost Rs.13000-15000 per system per household. The Ministry provides a subsidy of upto 90% of the costs of various renewable energy devices/systems subject to pre-specified maximum amounts. 7. Present Initiative: The government of Karnataka desires to implement the application of solar technology to provide rural energy solutions. The meeting held on 15.01.2009 and in this regard, presided by Honble RDPR minister, Government of Karnataka, Miss. Shobha karandlaje deliberated the matter in detail. The following were the resolutions. 1. The Solar system application to be implemented in identified cluster villages of the 39 most backward Talukas of the state as per Dr. D.M Nanjundappa Committee Report. 2. Target is to cover villages with minimum of 100 households and above and to cover a minimum of 100 village clusters during the current financial year 2009-10. 3. Solar Technology applications to be implemented in a comprehensive manner for solutions in following areas. i. Domestic Home Lighting ii. Street lights in village/panchayats limits iii. Heating applications
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iv. Drinking water purification with special emphasis on deflourination. v. Applications in milk pasteurization plants at village/hobli levels. vi. Shallow well irrigation pumps for agriculture. vii. Irrigation pumps in lift irrigation schemes. viii. Any other. 4. The solar technology to be inconformity with MNRE GOI, standards/ specifications. 5. The technology provider to indicate the rate at which Kwh or unit of power can be made available. 6. The Solar technology providers to identify cluster of villages/where in they can execute and may come out with RFQs on annuity basis; while taking full responsibility of installation, maintenance and reliable functioning of the technology provided by them on a sustainable basis. 7. KREDL/ RDPR respective Zilla Panchayats (Taluk Panchayts / Grampanchayts ) and respective implementation departments in district level will work in close coordination. 8.Guidelines for Preparation of Proposals: 1) Eligible Organizations: All existing registered companies with solar manufacturing facilities of approved quality standards as specified by MNRE, private sector solar power project developers who have set up or propose to set up a registered company in India will be eligible for offering Rural Solar Technology solutions. Individuals, NGOs, financial institutions, societies and other unorganized investors are not eligible to participate directly.
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2) Eligible Projects & Eligibility Criterion: Stand alone individual village based or decentralized solar power generation and distribution facilities including solar wind hybrid systems for a village cluster in the 39 most backward Talukas identified by the Dr D M Nanjundappa Committee (Annexure-3).There may be around 39000 Villages, per Taluka@ 90 to 100 villages. The Rural Solar Power generation and Supply Projects will be undertaken on Build Own and Operate basis. The projects should be owned by the solar technology provider with the responsibility for overall operation / management resting with them for a period of initial 10 years. The capital cost would have to be mobilized by the solar energy technology provider from the user fee to be collected on monthly basis as annuity over a period of 10 years after deducting the MNRE incentive if any considered. The Technology provider will be eligible for MNRE incentives as per norms. 3) Technical Performance Optimization: With a view to encourage technology development and reduction in the cost of the project developers are expected to utilize the state of the art technology to set up the projects. They are expected to use large capacity and higher power output PV / Thermal modules available for the specific technology used in setting up the power projects. Qualification of PV modules, to be used in grid interactive power plants, in accordance the standards issued by BIS or IEC 61215 certification or other international Certification on qualification of PV modules will be necessary. The interested project developer will give an undertaking in the application to use such modules and provide to KREDL copies of such certificates either at the time of application. Non-compliance of this requirement will result in disqualification. The electronics, cables, controls, structures etc. must qualify to latest BIS or International standards which are acceptable to utilities and which fulfill all safety norms for grid/off grid power projects. The Solar PV/Thermal power project developers will provide a copy of the test certificate(s)/ report(s) latest with the proposals.
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The PV /Thermal power project technology providers are required to optimize generation of electricity in terms of kWh generated per MWp of PV/thermal capacity installed vis--vis available solar radiation at the site (may be obtained through use of efficient electronics, lower cable losses, maximization of power transfer from the modules to electronics and the grid, maximization of power generation by enhancing incident radiation by optional methods like seasonally changing tilt angles etc). The gird interactive solar PV plant may be connected to preferably 33 KV grid line to minimize power transfer losses. However, the choice of grid voltage may be determined in consultation with the concerned state utility. PV power project developers will be required to maintain and provide to KREDL technical information on daily solar radiation availability, hours of sunshine, duration of plant operation and the quantum of power fed to the grid. The project developer will install suitable instruments, meters and data loggers for this purpose. This information will be provided at the time of commissioning. This will help in estimation of generation in kWh per MWp PV array capacity installed at the site. The particulars of standards are given in Annexure-2. 4) Identification of villages / hamlets: Identification of suitable villages / hamlets, which have a conducive environment for implementation of such Rural Solar energy Projects is critical. The village / hamlet identified should be backward /remote, and may include a tribal or forest-fringe village / hamlet. A cohesive and progressive social structure is also an important requirement. The village / hamlet should have a minimum of 100 and maximum of 500 households and should be identified in consultation with ZP TP GP and rural development departments / agencies. After selection of the village / hamlet, a preliminary proposal would have to be prepared, got duly endorsed by the KREDL and forwarded to the RDPR for consideration of `in principle approval. 5) Preparation of a Village Energy Plan: A Village Energy Plan will have to be prepared, with active and full participation of the village community. An assessment of the total energy demand should be made. The minimum energy services to be provided for in any project should include requirements for:-

1. Household cooking, lighting, heating and entertainment. 2. Street lights in village/panchayats limits. 3. Community, commercial facilities such as shops, streetlights, lights / fans in the health centre, school, flour mill, information and communication technology. 4. Pumping water for drinking, irrigation /Large scale lift irrigation and individual river based pumping systems. 5. Drinking water purification/de-fluorination. 6. Rural / cottage industry. Based on the total energy requirements production system would have to be configured and latest Solar Technology Solutions offered. 6) Formation of a Village Energy Committee: Full participation of the village community should be secured from inception. The constitution of a Village Energy Committee should be through the Gram Sabha and got duly notified by the Gram Panchayat as a Sub-Committee or Standing Committee of the Gram Panchayat as per the relevant provisions of the Panchayati Raj Act and rules in this regard. Care should be taken that the elected Panchayat member/s from that village are ex-officio members of the VEC. The respective Zilla Panchayat should actively co-ordinate the formation of VECs. 7) Creation of a Village Energy Fund: A Village Energy Fund should be got created under the provisions of the Panchayati Raj Act, initially with nominal beneficiary contributions of Rs 200 per household for sustained operation and management of the project. Subsequent monthly / annual user charges would have to be deposited in this account. Grants from other Government programmes such as rural development, tribal development, etc., if available, should be placed in this account. The Fund should be managed by the Village Energy Committee with two signatories nominated by the Committee. One of the signatories would be the Gram Panchayat member who is the ex-officio member on the Committee. A separate capital account should also be got created, for receipts towards supply and installation of the energy production units. This Capital Account would also be operated by the VEC in accordance with the same procedure of joint signature and maintenance of accounts, which govern the Village Energy Fund. Both the VEF and the Capital Account of the VEC, being the accounts of the Gram Panchayat under the provisions of
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the law, would be subject to the processes of accounts maintenance and audit that apply to the Gram Panchayat. Expenditure of funds by the VEC should be disclosed to the Gram Panchayat at its monthly meeting as prescribed under the Panchayati Raj Act and Rules. VEC, being a Sub-Committee of a Standing Committee of the Gram Panchayat would also be under obligation to disclose information in accordance with the Right to Information legislation. It will also be authorized to submit the Utilisation Certificate to the Gram Panchayat, which in turn will submit the Utilisation Certificate to the agency concerned at the district level. Technical facilitation and capacity building through implementing Agencies or Consultants such as NGOs would be focused at the VEC level through the Gram Panchayat. 9. Guidelines for Implementation of The Rural Solar Energy Projects: The projects would be undertaken by the solar technology providers duly facilitated by implementing agencies such as Grama Panchayats, Taluka Panchayats and Zilla Panchayats, NGOs, entrepreneurs, franchises, cooperatives, etc. An implementing agency would forward the proposals for the projects to the RDPR through the KREDL. The proposals should, inter-alia, include the following information:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Village Energy Plan Confirmation about setting up of Village Energy Committee Creation of Village Energy Fund Implementation modalities and Technology O&M arrangements - Phase - I, 10 Years and phase II, 11 to 20 years (20 years). 6. Per unit energy cost to be supplied on a sustainable basis - Phase-I, 10 Years and phase II, 11 to 20 years on a yearly basis. 7. Commitment about capital cost and funds for operation and management - Phase - I, 10 Years and phase II, 11 to 20 years 8. Recovery pattern from village energy users per energy unit on monthly basis. 9. Plan for Training village community. 10.Minimum hours of supply / day on sustainable basis The projects should be owned by the solar technology provider with the responsibility for overall operation / management resting with them for a period of initial 20 years/ extendable. During this period, the implementing agency would train local youth in the operation and management of the unit.
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After this period, the responsibility of operation / management should be undertaken by the Village Energy Committee. The Village Energy Committee may hire / lease out these services to an entrepreneur as a preferred option. The District Advisory Committees on Renewable Energy with the Deputy Commissioners as the Chairman, CEO ZP as MemberSecretary and comprising district-level functional heads and prominent citizens should be involved in the implementation of the projects. The KREDL would have to closely monitor the implementation of the projects. The Zilla Panchayath will provide monthly progress reports to the RDPR and KREDL until commissioning. Thereafter, they should forward quarterly reports on performance and other feedback to the RDPR and KREDL. The KREDL would also carry out intensive monitoring and evaluation of the projects directly as also through independent agencies. 10. Indicative areas of technology Applications: Solar Lighting 18 W Module 37 W Module 74 W Module 11W lamp 18 W 1 Light 2 Lights 3 Lights & a fan

Street lighting Power Plants Including Modules, Batteries, Electronic Systems, Internal Cabling, Structures, All Civil Works, Fencing etc worked out on Costing of Household basis Shallow Water Pumps upto 150000 liters discharge per day DC Surface Mounted Centrifugal Pump DC Floating Pump AC Submersible Pump @ Karnataka has 17 Lakhs irrigation pumps minimum 5 to 10 HP. Drinking Water Purifications Milk Pasteurization Plants Village cottage industries

Shallow well Irrigation Lift Irrigation Drinking Water Pumping

With 7 to 10 mtrs Suction head

11. Implementation mode: The following sequence of activities will be adopted for implementation of projects: Notification by the state Government for the Rural Solar Technology Programme in Cluster villages of 39 most backward Talukas. Submission of proposals to the Government on Village/cluster of Villages basis in the 39 most backward Talukas. Preparation of Detailed Project Reports by the Solar technology Providing agency as per the enclosed format for the villages/hamlets to be taken up for electrification under the Programme; Preparation of the plan for sustained operation of the projects O&M including the revenue model/user fee collection proposed; and coordination with the village level bodies for actual implementation the project. Approval of the DPRs and the proposals by the Government. Implementation of the project. Certification by the authorized villages/district level officials/bodies as per the requirements of the National Rural Electrification Policies. 12. Financial Assistance Guidelines for The Rural Solar Energy Projects: The capital cost would have to be mobilized by the solar energy technology provider and the Rural Solar Energy Project to be operationalised. Solar energy technology provider will subsequently recover the costs from the user fee to be collected on monthly basis as annuity over a period of 10 years after deducting the MNRE incentives that may be passed on to the solar energy technology provider as per rules. Release of the State Financial Assistance (SFA) towards the capital cost will be into the designated capital account of the Village Energy Committee as per the following pattern:Initial and full release of state financial assistance along 10% with the solar energy production system configured based on the total energy requirements with due formation of VEC and latest Solar Technology Solutions offered
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indicating the supply cost /rate per unit in the DPR against work order with agreement execution. The operation, maintenance and management costs would have to be met through user charges for the energy services technology provider. However, if it becomes critical for the sustainability of the project, financial assistance towards operation, maintenance and management costs will be provided. Evidence of serious efforts made to recover user charges would have to be provided. Service charges @10% for monitoring and Evaluation and reporting feedback on performance. Funds for awareness creation, training, seminars, workshops, etc. will be provided on merit on case by case basis. Service charges released to the KREDL after completion of the project. Certificate of a project having been successfully implemented and made operational, as per the Sanction Order, shall have to be provided by the State Nodal Agency KREDL, after obtaining the same from the Village Energy Committee. The Gram Panchayat shall cause all accounts of the Village Energy Committee to be duly audited and sent along with the Certificate in the prescribed format to the ZP. 13. Monitoring: The Rural Solar Power Project Technology Providers will install suitable instruments and make adequate arrangements to monitor the performance and ensure satisfactory operation to supply rural energy needs on a sustained basis. KREDL will make suitable arrangements to monitor the progress and performance of the Rural Solar Power Project. The KREDL may also visit the project site and provide their feedback and recommendation to RDPR/Government. All Rural Solar Power Projects will be open to inspection by the officials from the Government and any independent organization appointed by the Government for performance monitoring. The KREDL may also undertake field evaluation studies for any of the Rural Solar Power Projects through professional and independent organizations. 14. Progress Report: The project developers of all approved projects will be required to submit annual progress report about the project and the annual report of the company, which has set up and own the rural solar power project plant.

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15. General Terms and Conditions: Mere submission of application/proposal would not mean approval of government to any of the project. The government may through KREDL or through hired experts, get the performance of the approved project appraised, for its operations as per stated conditions. The government may also designate outside consultants/institutions for monitoring the performance after commissioning. The technology provider will undertake as a precondition to provide all necessary assistance and data to the authorized consultant. The technology provider will be required to provide data on performance of the project on quarterly basis to the concerned ZP/TP/GP and also to KREDL. The technology provider will have to submit the operating and design data for a period up to 5 years after commissioning and the government /KREDL may use it in whatever manner deemed necessary for promotion of the programme and fulfillment of the objectives. The government /KREDL will have right to publish case studies/success stories/articles technical papers on the performance of the project, wherein due acknowledgement to the technology provider will be given. The achievements made during the course of the project will be covered photographically/electronically and sent to the ZP/TP/GP/KREDL. The technology provider will display a notice board at a prominent place at the project site to the effect that the project is a pilot project for Rural Solar Technology. The award of the project by the Government/ KREDL/ ZP/TP/GP will not make it a party to any liability which may arise on account of operation of the project such as accidental injury to human or livestock, damage of any property or surroundings etc.

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16. Format for Preparation of Preliminary Proposals for Rural Solar Energy Projects on Annuity Basis:. (To be furnished by the Solar technology provider for each village / village clusters where they intend to provide requested service)
1. Name & Full Address of the Solar Technology Provider 2. Name of the District/Taluka in which the project proposed 3. Name of Gram Panchayat in which the project proposed, 4. Name of Village / hamlet selected for the Project 5. Number of Hamlets in the Village 6. Village census code 7. Distance from nearest road-head 8. Distance from the grid 9. Total population of the village / hamlet 10. Male / Female ratio 11. Rate of literacy 12. No. of households 13. Type of Social Structure 14. Community buildings school, PHC, panchayat office Veterinary Hospital, youth organizations, library, religious places etc. 15. Main occupation, indicating cash crops 16. Irrigation Pump-sets including lift irrigation (Nos, capacity, hours run, cropping period) 17. Dairy / milk collection centers/ Milk Pasteurization Plants facilities 18. Availability of water and water quality particulars with supply system 19. Existing pattern of energy / fuel use and average monthly expenditure per household 20. Existing renewable energy devices in the village, if any 21. Indicative Estimate of Energy Demand (a) Household cooking, lighting, other (b) Community services, including streetlights (c) Irrigation Pumps/Agriculture Operations (d) Commercial (e) Village Industrial needs 22. Indicative capacity of the energy systems 23. Confirmation from the Gram Sabha that the proposed systems are acceptable 13

24. Role of local community in planning, implementation and management, including revenue management 25. Details of any local NGO already associated with the village / hamlet 26. Any other information Annexure-1

Relevant extracts from the National Rural Electrification Policies, 2006 Goals include provision of access to electricity to all households by the year 2009, quality and reliable power supply at reasonable rates, and minimum lifeline consumption of 1 unit/household/day as a merit good by year 2012. For villages/habitations where grid connectivity would not be feasible or not cost effective, off-grid solutions based on stand-alone systems may be taken up for supply of electricity. Where these also are not feasible and if only alternative is to use isolated lighting technologies like solar photovoltaic, these may be adopted. However, such remote villages may not be designated as electrified. State government should, within 6 months, prepare and notify a rural electrification plan which should map and detail the electrification delivery mechanism. The plan may be linked to and integrated with district development plans. The plan should also be intimated to the appropriate commission. Gram panchayat shall issue the first certificate at the time of the village becoming eligible for declaration as electrified. Subsequently, the Gram Panchayat shall certify and confirm the electrified status of the village as on 31st March each year. The state government should set up a committee at the district level within 3 months, under the chairmanship of chairperson of the Zila Panchayat and with representations from district level agencies, consumer associations, and important stakeholders with adequate representation of women. The district committee would coordinate and review the extension of electrification in the district and consumer satisfaction, etc. Panchayat Raj institutions would have a supervisory/advisory role. Institutional arrangements for backup services and technical support to systems based on non-conventional sources of energy will have to be created by the state government.

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Annexure-2 Model 1 (1 light point) Component Specification

PV module Lamps Battery Other Components PV module Lamps Battery Other Components

1 X 18 Wp under STC 1X CFL (9W/11W) 1X 12V. 20 AH Tubular Plate, low maintenance type, lead Acid Battery Control electronics, Module mounting hardware, Battery box, Inter-connecting wires/cables, Switches Operation, Instruction and maintenance manual 2 X 37 Wp under STC 2X CFL (9W/11W) 1X 12V. 40 AH Tubular Plate, low maintenance type, lead Acid Battery Control electronics, Module mounting hardware, Battery box, Inter-connecting wires/cables, Switches Operation Instruction and maintenance manual

Model 2 (2 light point)

Solar Street lighting A stand alone solar photovoltaic street lighting systems comprises a compact fluorescent lamp, lead acid battery, PV module(s), Control electronics, Battery box, Inter-connecting wires/cables, Module mounting hardware, Battery box, Operation Instruction and maintenance manual Duty Cycle The systems should be designed to automatically switch ON at dusk operate throughout the night and automatically switch OFF at the dawn under average daily insulation of 5 kWh /sq.m on a horizontal surface. Lamp 1. The lamp will be of compact fluorescent (CFL) type, either 4 pin or 2 pin types, with a rating of 11W For the 4 pin type CFL, adequate preheating circuit must be provided. 2. The light output from the lamp should be around 900 + / - 5 % lumens.
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Battery 1. Flooded electrolyte type, positive tubular plate, low maintenance lead acid battery 2. The battery will have a minimum rating of 12V, 75Ah (at C/10) discharge rate. Electronics 1. The inverter should be of quasi sine wave/sine wave type with frequency in the range of 20 35 KHz. Half -wave operation is not acceptable. 2. The total electronic efficiency should be at least 80%. 3. Electronics should operate at 12V and should have temperature compensation for proper charging of the battery through out the year. P V Module(S) 1. The PV modules shall contain crystalline silicon solar cells 2. The power output of the module(s) under STC should be a minimum of 74 W. Either two modules of minimum 37 W output each or one module of 74 W output should be used. 3. The operating voltage corresponding to the power output mentioned above should be 16.4 V 4. The open circuit voltage of the PV module under STC should at least 21 Volts.

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Annexure 3 Particulars of Most Backward Talukas (Dr. D.M. Nanjundappa Committee) Sl No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 District Bellary Bidar Taluka Sandur Kudligi Balki Humnabad Basavakalyan Aurad Sedam Shorapur Yadgir Chittapur Afzalpur Shahapur Aland Chincholi Jevargi Kustagi Yelburga Sindhanur Manvi Lingasgur Devdurga Muddebihal B Bagewadi Indi Sindhgi Kanakapura Magadi Hosadurga Channagiri Harapanahalli Bagepalli Kunigal Madhugiri Gubbi Sira Pavagada Chamarajnagar H D Kote 17

Gulberga

Koppal Raichur

Bijapur

Bangalore (R) Chitradurga Davangere Kolar Tumkur

Chamarajnagar Mysore

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Kodagu

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