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Mt s phng thc chia s ph tn trong mng v tuyn thng minh

Gii hn ca bng tn s dng trong v tuyn l mt thch thc ln hin nay khi m s lng thu bao, cng ngh v dch v v tuyn ang pht trin khng ngng. nng cao hiu qu s dng ph tn v tuyn mt cng ngh mi ang thu ht s quan tm l cng ngh V tuyn thng minh (Cognitive Radio CR). Gii hn ca bng tn s dng trong v tuyn l mt thch thc ln hin nay khi m s lng thu bao, cng ngh v dch v v tuyn ang pht trin khng ngng. nng cao hiu qu s dng ph tn v tuyn mt cng ngh mi ang thu ht s quan tm l cng ngh V tuyn thng minh (Cognitive Radio CR). Vi cng ngh V tuyn thng minh, cc thit b v tuyn c s dng cm nhn, nhn din v s dng ph tn v tuyn hiu qu hn theo khng gian v thi gian. Trong mt mng v tuyn khng ch c mt m rt nhiu ngi s dng V tuyn thng minh cng hot ng. Do vy, phi c chc nng chia s ph tn gia nhng ngi s dng V tuyn thng minh c th s dng di bng tn mt cch cng bng hp l, trnh xung t. Chia s ph tn cng l mt thch thc chnh trong vic s dng ph tn m. Bi bo tng kt li mt s phng php chia s ph tn trong mng V tuyn thng minh.

CC BC CHIA S PH TN TRONG MNG V TUYN THNG MINH c ci nhn tng qut vic chia s ph tn trong mng V tuyn thng minh chng ta s xem xt cc bc c c s chia s ph tn. Qu trnh chia s ph tn gm nm bc chnh: - Cm bin ph tn: Mt ngi s dng mng V tuyn thng minh ch c th chia s mt phn ph tn nu phn ph tn khng c s dng bi ngi s dng c giy php. Khi mt nt trong mng V tuyn thng minh quyt nh truyn trn ph tn no trc tin n phi nhn thc c s cn trng ca ph tn . - Phn b ph tn: Da trn cc thng tin v ph tn thu c t bc 1, cc nt mng sau c th phn b cho mt knh. Vic phn b ny khng ch ph thuc vo kh nng ca ph tn m cn da vo cc chnh sch ni mng cng nh ngoi mng. - Truy cp ph tn: Sau khi c c s phn b ph tn, cc mng truy nhp V tuyn thng minh tin hnh truy cp s dng ph tn. Vic truy cp ph tn cn m bo trnh s chng cho v ng gia cc thit b. - Bt tay gia cc thit b Thu-Pht: Khi ph tn c xc nh truyn thng, bn nhn trong qu trnh truyn c bit v ph tn c chn. Do , mt giao thc bt tay thu - pht rt cn thit cho thng tin trong mng V tuyn thng minh. Bt tay gia cc thit b gp phn m bo tc tuyn dn. Vic bt tay gia cc thit b Thu-Pht nhm lm tng hiu qu s dng ca mng V tuyn thng minh. - S dng ph tn linh hot: Khi m ngi s dng c cp php s dng li ph tn th cc nt mng V tuyn thng minh phi chuyn sang s dng ph tn mi m vn m bo QoS. S dng ph tn linh hot gp phn m bo qu trnh truyn dn khng b ngt qung. CC PHNG PHP CHIA S PH TN TRONG MNG V TUYN THNG MINH Trong mng V tuyn thng minh, kh khn chnh khi s dng ph tn m l vic chia s ph tn. Khng ging nh cm nhn ph lin quan chnh ti lp vt l, hay qun l ph lin quan ti cc dch v lp cao hn, cc chc nng chia s ph tng t vi cc cng ngh phn b ti nguyn v a truy nhp a ngi dng trong lp MAC ca cc h thng truyn thng ang tn ti. Vn chnh trong vic chia s ph l s cng tn ti ca cc ngi dng thng minh; ngi dng cp php v vic qun l cc bng thng khng lin tc c sn. C nhiu cch phn loi cc cng ngh chia s ph,

nh da trn kin trc, da trn cch thc cp pht ph tn v da trn cc cng ngh truy nhp ph:

Cng ngh chia s ph tn da trn kin trc: - Chia s ph tn tp trung: Ton b cc nt trong mng gi thng tin cm nhn ph ca chng ti n v iu khin trung tm, sau n v iu khin trung tm s thit lp lc phn b ph. Chia s ph tn tp trung c th hin nh trong Hnh 2, mt u cui c cu hnh li ang c nhu cu s dng dch v video t mt server u xa thng qua cc mng con lin kt. Tt c cc mng con c iu khin bi mt b iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC). thit lp cc lung con, cc th tc sau cn c thc hin: +Bc 1: Bc bo hiu v khi to. RNC nhn mt ng dng t u cui di ng vi nhiu a ch truy nhp v tuyn. Sau khi c tnh c ti nguyn v tuyn hin c trong mng con c n iu khin, RNC s hi server u xa v tc trung bnh ch nh cho vic phn chia lu lng trn mi kt ni con (sub-link). +Bc 2: Lu lng c phn chia theo ng dng ca RNC (bc 1) v c gi n RNC. Cc lung con c dn nhn khc nhau. +Bc 3: RNC nhn c lu lng phn chia vi cc gi c dn nhn nh x vo cc mng con lin kt (v d lu lng vi nhn Vi ti WLAN, nhn Ai ti UMTS, i l ch s thng bo cho RNC v mi quan h v thi gian gia cc lung con). Cc dch v c th c p dng l: Cc lung con Video v Audio; HTTP vi s phn chia; HTTP vi s phn cng ca cc i tng chnh; Kh nng m rng lu lng Video; Lu lng thi gian thc v tn hiu iu khin ca n. +Bc 4: K thut ng b trong RNC lm gim tr c do mng v tuyn con gy ra bi cc nguyn nhn sau: Hot ng t ng lp li yu cu do cht lng kt ni khc nhau; Cc BTS khc nhau c cng sut x l khc nhau.

Hnh 2: Chia s ph tn tp trung Chia s ph tn phn tn: Gii php ny thng c ngh trong trng hp m vic xy dng mt c s h tng l khng thch hp. phng php ny, khng cn mt thc th chia s ph tn trung tm m n yu cu cc knh iu khin trao i thng tin gia cc thu bao. Cc thu bao s t a ra cc quyt nh s dng ph tn c lp theo khu vc ni vng v m bo truyn dn tt nht v s dng t ph tn nht da trn cc thng s truyn tin. Gii php ny cho php pht trin mt loi mng mi t cu hnh nh l mng adhoc m khng cn bt k mt s thay i no trong cc h thng mng ang hot ng hin nay.

Ph tn v tuyn l mt ti nguyn qu gi trong cc h thng v tuyn, n ang l mt trong nhng nghin cu v pht trin trong thi gian gn y. Cng ngh V tuyn thng minh ra i gii quyt c phn no hiu qu s dng ph tn v tuyn. Mt trong nhng thch thc cng l nhn t chnh dn ti s thnh cng ca V tuyn thng minh l vic chia s ph tn
Chia s ph tn da trn cch thc cp pht ph

- Chia s ph tn hp tc: Mi nt chia s kt qu cm nhn ph ca n vi cc nt khc, sau thut ton phn b ph s quyt nh da trn cc thng tin ny. Gii php ny xem xt nh hng ca nt truyn vi cc nt khc. Ni cch khc, vic o c nhiu ca tng nt c chia s cho cc nt khc. Phng php chia s ph tn phn tn c th hin nh Hnh 3. Trong hnh, nt A, B, C hnh thnh nn mt nhm lin kt v s dng knh 1 nh l knh lin kt ca nhm. Cn nt C, D, E hnh thnh ln mt nhm lin kt khc s dng knh 2, cn cc nt D, F v G hnh thnh nn nhm th 3 v s dng knh 3. Bng cch t chc cc thu bao theo nhm, cc bn tin lin kt c phn

b trn nhiu knh lin kt. iu c th gii quyt c s mt mt do nghn lu lng lin kt.

Hnh 3: Chia s ph tn theo c ch hp tc - Chia s ph tn bt hp tc: Tri vi c ch hp tc, chia s ph khng hp tc c ngha l cc nt t n quyt nh chia s ph. Chia s ph tn da trn cc cng ngh truy nhp Theo cng ngh truy nhp chia s ph tn c th chia thnh cng ngh chng ln (Overlay) v chm di (Underlay), c th hin nh trong Hnh 4.

Hnh 4: Chia s ph tn da trn cc cng ngh truy nhp - Chia s ph tn chng ln (Overlay): Trong phng php chia s ph tn chng ln, my thu pht V tuyn thng minh s ch c th truy cp vo phn ph tn c cp php khi ngi s dng c cp php khng s dng phn ph tn . Thc t th phng php ny chnh l vic ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian gia ngi s dng mng V tuyn thng minh v ngi s dng c cp php, do vy nhiu ti ngi s dng c cp php l nh nht. Phng php chia s chng ln c th hin nh Hnh 5.

- Chia s ph tn chm di (Underlay): Ngi s dng mng V tuyn thng minh s s dng cc cng ngh tri ph nh CDMA (a truy nhp phn chia theo m) hoc UWB (siu di ng bng rng) chia s bng tn vi ngi s dng c cp php. Vic s dng cc cng ngh tri ph s gip cho ngi s dng V tuyn thng minh c th dng trn ln bng tn ca ngi s dng c cp php bt k ngi s dng c cp php c s dng ph tn hay khng. Mt vn t ra trong phng php ny l ngi s dng V tuyn thng minh phi kim sot c cng sut pht ca mnh trnh gy nhiu ln ngi s dng c cp php. Cng ngh chia s ph tn chm thng c p dng i vi cc mng t ong v c minh ha nh Hnh 6.

Hnh 6: Chia s ph tn chm di KT LUN Ph tn v tuyn l mt ti nguyn qu gi trong cc h thng v tuyn, n ang l mt trong nhng nghin cu v pht trin trong thi gian gn y. Cng ngh V tuyn thng minh ra i gii quyt c phn no hiu qu s dng ph tn v tuyn. Mt trong nhng thch thc cng l nhn t chnh dn ti s thnh cng ca V tuyn thng minh l vic chia s ph tn. Cc mng V tuyn thng minh cung cp c hi truy nhp ti ph c cp php s dng vi nhng ngi dng khng cp php. iu ny cho php s dng nhiu h thng cc v tr v ph chng ln nhau. Do , chia s ph gia cc h thng ny l

mt ch nghin cu quan trng trong cc mng V tuyn thng minh. Trong bi bo, mt s phng php chia s ph tn trong V tuyn thng minh c gii thiu. Cc phng php chia s ph tn u hng ti mc ch cui cng l s dng ph tn hiu qu v to c s cng bng i vi nhng ngi s dng V tuyn thng minh.Trong cc phng php chia s ph tn th hai phng php chia s chng ln v chm di c quan tm nghin cu v pht trin. Hai phng php chia s da trn cc cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn nn gip cho s dng hiu qu ph tn v tuyn. Ti liu tham kho [1] Ian F. Akyildiz, Won-Yeol Lee, Mehmet C. Vuran, Shantidev Mohanty, (2006) Next generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey , Elsevier. [2] Lars Berlemann, George Dimitrakopoulos (2005). Cognitive Radio and Management of Spectrum and Radio Resources in Reconfigurable Networks Wireless World Research Forum. [3] Przemyslaw Pawelczak, (20/07/2005) Protocol Requirements for Cognitive Radio Networks, Tu Delft, AAF/D4.1. [4] Vasu D. Chakravarthy Evaluation of Overlay/Underlay Waveform via SD-SMSE Framework for Enhancing Spectrum Efciency M.S.E., Wright State University, 1998; B.S.E.E., University of Illinois, Chicago, 1988. [5]. Alexander M. Wyglinski, Ph.D., Maziar Nekovee, Ph.D., Y. Thomas Hou, Ph.D., Cognitive Radio Communications and Networks, ELSEVIER Inc (2010).

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