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TS.KTS VN TN HONG HNG TIN K16A3 A103390

1

NI DUNG

CHNG 1: Khi nim c bn ca kin trc xy dng CHNG 2: Phn loi v phn cp cng trnh kin trc dn dng CHNG 3: Phng php, trnh t thit k v yu cu ca thit k cng trnh kin trc CHNG 4: Thit k kin trc nh CHNG 5: Thit k kin trc cng trnh cng cng CHNG 6: Nguyn tc b cc kin trc CHNG 7: Nguyn tc thit k khng gian mt bng kin trc CHNG 8: Nguyn tc thit k hnh khi kin trc CHNG 9: vn k thut trong thit k kin trc

Ni dung chuyn :

CHNG I

I.c im kin trc phn nh v mang tnh x hi II.c im kin trc chu nh hng iu kin t nhin v kh hu III.c im kin trc mang tnh dn tc a phng IV.Quan h gia thch dng v bn vng V.Quan h gia thch dng v kinh t VI.Quan h gia thch dng v thm m
3

I) c im kin trc phn nh v mang tnh x hi

Th hin thi i, giai cp, ch thng tr ca x hi. X hi thay i dn n kin trc xy dng cng thay i v khng gian k thut. Kin trc xy dng phn nh trnh pht trin ca khoa hc k thut- kinh t - vn ha ngh thut.

Thi i

Giai cp

Ch thng tr

Lng m cho vua Pharaoh c xy dng honh trng, v i

X hi thay i dn n kin trc xy dng cng thay i v khng gian k thut.

Th vin truyn thng

Thnh ph nhng nm 1950

Thnh ph thi hin i

Th vin in t

Kin trc xy dng phn nh trnh pht trin ca khoa hc k thut- kinh t - vn ha ngh thut.

Cng trnh k thut cao

Nh thi xa

II) c im kin trc chu nh hng iu kin t nhin v kh hu

C 4 yu t th hin tc ng:
o o o o
o o o o

nh hng n cng trnh kin trc v:

B cc tng th mt bng (MBTT) Ni dung s dng (MB) Cc chi tit b phn cu to, k thut Hnh thc thm m

Bao cnh xung quanh V tr xy dng iu kin kh hu (nng, gi, ma, nhit ) Tnh th a th

V tr xy dng

Six Senses Ninh Vn Bay RESORT

6

c im kin trc gi lnh

Nh hp khi Tng dy , knh 2 lp cch nhit ly sng Mu sc sc s,to cm gic m p Mi c dc ln , tuyt khng ng trn mi Hnh dng ta nh phng, nhn, nhiu knh, nht l mi knh nm ngang, ly nh sng mt tri si m nh, ly sng t nhin

c im kin trc sa mc
Kin trc mi vm Tng dy , ca s nh v t, mi phng hoc vm Trang tr mu nh v nht Thng c sn trong v nhiu cy

Hn ch hp th nhit vo ban ngy v lm ta mt nhit vo ban m

c im kin trc cn nhit i & Vit Nam

Mt nh thng li / lm, sng / ti gim bt din tch phi nng, tip nhn nhit ca BXMT.

V bao che thong h n c nhiu khng kh mt m, trong lnh t bin, t rng cy thi ti. Khng gian ho nhp vo thin nhin

Hin nhiu,rng mi ua ln./Ca c kt cu che nng./Tng ngoi bng knh c th ln hay nh, nhng cn c che nng hoc gim BXMT trc tip vo nh.

Trng cy xanh chung quanh nh, trn mt ng nh, trn mi nh, va l b lc khng kh, cung cp Oxy, va che nng, gim bt nhit v chi lo.

III) Kin trc mang tnh dn tc

Quan nim ng n v dn tc trong kin trc. Kin trc dn tc v hin i khng phi kin trc c. Biu hin tnh dn tc phong cch truyn thng, sinh hot, thi quen tm l, phong tc tp qun, nhn thc thm m v lch s dn tc. Th hin b cc mt bng, ni dung s dng, hnh thc thm m v chi tit cu to k thut.

Nh sn chng th d, cch sng truyn thng ca ngi min ni

Hi trng Thng-Nht v Th vin Tng-hp c phong cch kin trc va mang tnh hin i, va mang tnh dn tc. ng lu c cc pano trang tr hoa vn v iu khc rng, phng, cc u dm console, hng ro v khun vin cy xanh

thang ng.

Cha Vnh Nghim dng vt liu xy dng mi hin i: cng trnh s dng btng ct thp, nhng vn mang hnh thc kin trc c xa bng cc ng nt hoa vn ca dn tc Vit Nam.

Rm hoa ti hi trng Thng Nht vi hnh cc t trc phng theo cc bc mnh ca ngi nh vit.
9

Nh phng Ty: Vo nh gp bp trc, ri mi n phng khch

Bp

Phng khch
Nh phng ng: vo nh gp phng khch trc ri mi n bp
10

IV) Quan h gia thch dng v bn vng

ngha: Cng trnh kin trc l 1 thc th vt cht, trong con ngi sng v hot ng nn phi bn vng m bo sinh mng ca con ngi v trnh thit hi ti sn x hi. Th hin: S bn vng m bo bng k thut xy dng, chn vt liu xy dng, gii php kt cu, thi cng..v..v.. Cc yu t bn vng: bn lu (ti trng bn thn, s dng). n nh (ti trng bt thng, thay i cng nng) Tui th cng trnh (cp cng trnh) Yu cu bn v kt hp hi ha gia KTS KSXD, m bo cng trnh kin trc c gi tr cng nng s dng, gi tr ngh thut v gii php k thut bn vng, hp l.

Kim t thp c xy dng hng v, honh trng, bn vng. Vi khi dng s, v vt liu th nng, kim t thp thc s l 1 thch thc ln cho nhng ai mun ph hy n

S dng cc k thut xy dng mi, hin i vn to nn nhng cng trnh nh nhng nhng vn bn vng

11

V) Quan h gia thch dng v kinh t

Cng trnh p ng yu cu kinh t l m bo yu cu s dng, bn vng v thm m Yu cu: khng lng ph ch khng phi ct xn din tch. Gii php k thut, vt liuphi s dng ng ni, ng ch.

Mt bng trt

Mt bng lu

Mt cn nh 3x9m TP.HCM, tn dng ti a cc khng gian trong nh phc v tt nh cu cho gia ch

12

Phn tch bo tng ngh thut Milwaukee

V chc nng s dng: Bo tng quy t hn 25.000 tc phm ngh thut, trung bnh mi ngy bo tng cho n hn 5.000 lt du khch n tham quan, c bit c nhng bui trin lm ln, con s ny c th nhy vt ln n

im cc bit nht chnh l i cnh l hai tm chn nng mang hnh dng cnh chim hi u c th ng m.

32.000 ngi.

nh gi v kinh t: Trc khi chnh thc i vo hot ng, cng trnh nhn khng t li ph bnh v tnh thiu kh thi v tn km, hay cc tm chn nng hon ton khng thch hp vi kh hu lnh lo Milwaukee, nhng sau cng chnh i cnh y hp dn cc nh u t, nng s vn u t t 35 triu USD ln n 75 triu USD.

Quan h gia thch dng v kinh t

13

VI) Quan h gia thch dng v thm m Bitexco Financial Tower

tng thit k c ly cm hng t hnh nh duyn dng, thanh thot ca bp hoa sen, biu tng ca vn ha Vit Nam. Ta nh c xem l biu tng cho s nng ng ca Thnh ph H Ch Minh trong thi k hi nhp kinh tPhn trn cng ca ta nh s c trang tr, thp sng n v m to ra v p lng ly nh ngn hi ng ca thnh ph.

V chc nng s dng: Ta nh cung cp 37,000 mt vung cho khu vc vn phng, 8,000 m2 cho khu vc thng mi, 600 m2 cho khu nh hng m thc.. Tn dng din tch vn phng cho thu ln cao nht.

CHNG I

14

Phn tch nh ht Opera Sydney

Nh ht c kin trc c o hnh con s hay nhng cnh bum no gi ra khi.
Mi nm, nh ht Opera Sydney thu ht t 7 8 triu khch du lch n thm quan, chim ngng, l mt trong nhng cng trnh kin trc tiu biu nht th gii ca th k 20.

Nh ht Opera Sydney mang thit k hin i, vi hng lot nhng tm b tng c sn rt ln hnh v s to thnh h mi rt c bit ca nh ht.
Phn mi ca nh ht s dng ti 1.056 triu vin gch trng bng v nhng vin gch mu kem c sn xut ti Thy in.

CHNG I

Quan h gia thch dng v thm m

15

CHNG II

16

Bng phn cp cng trnh ki n trc dn d ng

C p I II III IV C p I II III IV C p I II III IV 1,2 3 4 5 Thi gian chu la Thc hin >100 nm >50 nm >20 nm <20 nm Thc hin Kt cu chnh Vt liu bao che kt cu chnh Gii php kt cu Cao Kh Trung bnh Ti thiu Thc hin Tin nghi Trang tr ni, ngoi tht

CHT LNG S DNG

Phng c

BN LU
bn vt liu

CHU LA TCL
Vt liu

17

CHNG III
Ni dung chuyn :
Trnh by phng php sng tc cc t ng thit k cng trnh kin trc

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Phng php sng tc theo tng:

Theo tng khi nim hnh khi khng gian. Theo tng khi nim v hnh vn ha tm linh. Theo tng khi nim phng sinh hc.

Thit k kin trc: gm cc bc:

Thu thp ti liu nghin cu Th loi cng trnh c th khu t xy dng. iu kin k thut kinh t - vn ha x hi khu t xy dng. Xc nh nhim v thit k. Thit k phc tho kin trc quy hoch tng mt bng v thit k c s trnh by tng khng gian hnh khi kin trc. Thit k k thut tc tng bc hon chnh thit k c s trnh by tng khng gian hnh khi kin trc. Thit k k thut tc tng bc hon chnh thit k c s bng cch i su, phi hp vi cc b mn k thut khc. Thit k bn v thi cng vi chi tit cn thit cn c thc hin xy dng.

CHNG III
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Phng php sng tc

Theo khi nim hnh khi khng gian s dng Bit th trn thc ca Frank Lloyd Wright

- Cng trnh ny sinh t quan nim ca F.L.Wright v m hnh kin trc hu c. - Cc hnh khi c bn ca nh trn : hnh hp ch nht, hnh lp phng. _Theo F.L.Wright: hnh dng v cng nng nht nh l mt. _B tr khng gian theo kiu lu lot (flowing space).

Mt bng tng th

Mt bng trt

Mb lu 1

Mb lu 2

Ni tht cng trnh

CHNG III
Trnh by phng php sng tc cc t ng thit k cng trnh ki n trc
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Theo khi nim v hnh vn ha tm linh

Hnh tng vn ha lch s. Quan im, quan nim, l thuyt, t tng v con ngi, x hi, nhn sinh quan. T tng tn gio, tnh ngng, phong tc tp qun, li sng dn gian. Thuyt l v ngh thut, vn ha.

Nh th nh sng (church of light) ca Tadao Ando: hy nh sng v gi ln ting.

Kim th thp: l ngi m cho vua Pharaon, biu tng cho s trng tn, vnh hng, cho s vn ln thin ng ca cc v vua sau khi yn ngh.

tng thit k

CHNG III
Trnh by phng php sng tc cc tng thit k cng trnh kin trc
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Theo tng khi nim phng sinh hc

o o o o o M phng vt dng trong cuc sng. M phng ng, thc vt trong thin nhin. M phng cc hnh nh t nhin. Lin tng n hnh nh trong tng tng ca con ngi. Cch iu s vt, s kin trong i sng con ngi.

Trung tm ngh thut trnh din NewYork, Frank Gehry

Ta nh Urban Cactus

Cha mt ct ly hnh tng bng sen

CHNG III
Trnh by phng php sng tc cc tng thit k cng trnh kin trc
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CHNG IV
Ni dung chuyn
I.Cc yu t nh hng n kin trc nh II.Gii php thit k cc khng gian trong nh III.Hnh thc thm m (mt ng) trong nh
23

I) Cc yu t nh hng n kin trc nh 1.Cc thnh vin trong cn h ( yu t x hi con ngi) : S lng, gii tnh , tui tc,
ngh nghip

2.Phng php thit k nh (yu t k thut) : Thit k nh ring l: Bit th - nh ph - lin k - nh nng thn Thit k nh in hnh: Bit th - Chung c
3.Cc vn xy dng v khai thc s dng nh ( yu t kinh t ) Yu t h gi thnh ,p dng ng cc gii php k thut , kt cu v,,v B cc ngi nh trong khu t tt B cc mt bng ,cc phng t cht lng s dng cao . S hp l S v S ph 4.Cc vn quan nim kin trc trong thit k nh (yu t kin trc) C quan nim ng n v c cu t chc khu C quan nim ng v Kin trc nh ( ko ph trng , s m n gian gn b vi thin nhin) 5.Yu t tm l con ngi trong nh

CHNG IV
24

Th k 16-17
Kho

Th k 17-18
Sinh hot

Th k 19
Sn xut

Nh p ng ni dung d dng trc tip (Nh ng)

Sinh hot

Sinh hot

Ca hng

Ca hng

Ca hng

Hi An

H Ni

Ch Ln

NG PH
Son
i ch

Ra Son

Phc v s dng hng ngy

N u

Son Phng n

CHNG IV

Cc yu t nh h ng n kin trc nh

25

S phng hng (kh hu VN)

Bc Gi lnh

Gi nng

Kho, WC, bp, sn, n, khch

Ca nh, khe gi, ca trn cao

Ty
Nng nng, gt

Bp, kho, WC, garage

Khch, lm vic, ng

ng Gi bin, nhiu nh sng, mt, c bo

M ca ln

Gi mt, c ma

Phng: khch, shc, ng, n, lm vic

Gi tt (mt)

Nam Gi tt (mt)

CHNG IV
Cc yu t nh hng n kin trc nh
26

II) Gii php thit k cc khng gian trong nh

Cc khng gian trong nh
B phn :
Phng Phng Phng Phng Phng ng. khch. bp, n. sinh hot chung. th

B phn phc v: bp, khu WC, kho, sn nc,

sn phi, ban cng, logia ngh ngi

Giao thng:

Giao thng ng: cu thang. Giao thng ngang: hnh lang, nh cu, bng chuyn, li i l thin

CHNG IV
27

S CNG NNG DNG PHNG KHCH LM U NT GIAO THNG

Ng Ng Ng Phng n

Sn sau
Hnh lang ni b

Thang

Phng khch Hin n Bp

WC

WC
Phng v chng

Gara
WC

Cng ng

CHNG IV
Gii php thit k cc khng gian trong nh
28

Bit th Carrara House

Phng khch:

-Phng khch ca ngi nh s dng mu trng l ch oto khng gian rng ri hn. -S dng knh nhiu ly sng,m view nhn ra khung cnh bn ngoi c th ngm cnh t mi hng. -Pha ngoi c h nc v thng tng pha trn iu ha khng kh mt m,thng thong v tn dng c nh sng t nhin chiu xung.H nc trong nh c tc dng gim phn no s ngt ngt khi s dng tng knh nhiu.

Phng ng master:

-Nm trn lu,c gc nhn p -C y tin nghi,c WC ring v phng thay , -C ban cng rng c th ngm cnh v tm nng -C thng tng pha trn ly

Phng bp+ n:
-Phng bp kt hp vi phng n v chia lm 2 khu vc. Khu vc n ngoi tri v n trong nh. -S dng quy phn chia khu vc lm bp v n ung.

CHNG IV
Gii php thit k cc khng gian trong nh

Tt c cc phng ph u hng ty,wc t hng ty v c thng tng .Cc phng chnh u c t hng tt v c gc nhn p.Ngi nh dng snh lm u mi giao thng h nc gia snh lm p cho ngi nh.S phn khu ngy v m trong ngi nh tt.Tuy nhin, trn lu 1 hnh lang gia cc phng ng cn di=>ph din tch s dng.
29

Chung c n nguyn

Loi nh ny c nhiu cn h ( 3080) vi s tng 5 45 tng ,mi n nguyn c nt giao thng v 48 cn h u: Tnh bit lp cao v r rng Cu trc nh dy , kinh t Tit kim cc khng gian giao thng cng cng, Dy chuyn CN hp ly v.v.. Nhc: Nh tn nhiu thang T chc thng gi v ly sng kh

30

Chung c kiu hnh lang

Hnh lang bn
Cc cn h b tr 1 bn hnh lang ( thng gi xuyn phng v nh sng tt) kt cu nh n gin, tnh ring t kh tt. Cc dng t chc hnh lang: oHnh lang c cu thang bn ngoi v tr 2 bn hoc o gia oHnh lang c cu thang bn trong oHng lang hnh dng t do

Hnh lang gia

Cc cn h dc 2 bn hnh lang , c th c 1, 2 cu than g ty theo Ch di hnh lang, Ch rng hnh lang t 1,4m 1,6m c dim: oChi ph xy dng r, din tch giao thng khai thc trit oHng ny ko c li i vi 1 trong 2 dy , thng gi trc tip km, tnh ring t ko tt oLy sng cho hnh lang, gia t ging tri

31

Gii php thit k khng gian: Phng khch, phng sinh hot chung trong cc loi nh (nh ph - nh lin k - bit th - chung c)

PHNG KHCH
Phng ln nht v p nht trong cn h Th hin tnh cch v s thch ring ca ch nhn V tr: + thun tin vi cng ng, sn vn, gn vi bp v phng n + L trung tm b cc ca ngi nh, lm u nt giao thng Din tch: thng thng l t 14-30m2

PHNG SINH HOT CHUNG

Phng c khng gian ln s dng chung cho tp th S dng ni b gia nh V tr: gn lin vi khu sinh hot m, to s m ng cho gia nh Din tch: thng thng t 14 24m2

CHNG IV
Gii php thit k cc khng gian trong nh
32

Mt s v d cch thit k phng khch, sinh hot chung

lm mt i cm gic sng trn cao, kin trc s chn gii php a nhng mng xanh, h nc vo bn trong nh. v d nh a vn, sn v h nc ln trn cc tng, gip cho cm gic sng trn cao hu nh khng cn.

Sc mu xm trng bao ph mang v nh nhng v tinh t cho cn phng, nh mi gi cm gic th gin thu ht t nh nng ngoi khung ca knh. Chic bn c ph xinh xn vi l hoa ti l im nhn th v cho bc tranh tnh lng.

phng khch nn tn dng c nh sng thin nhin cng nhiu cng tt. Trong phng khch nn b tr cc ca knh ln c tm nhn rng. Khng gian trong sut ca knh s to nn s giao ho gia thin nhin v nh .

CHNG IV
Gii php thit k cc khng gian trong nh
33

Phn tch 1 nh lin k hng ph

Din tch tng trt c phn chia ln kinh doanh bun bn hay dng lm vn phng nn cc khng gian khc ca ngi nh c y ln tng pha trn.

Phng khch c u tin t ngay trung tm tng 2, gn cu thang v lm nt giao thng gia cc phng.

Phng sinh hot chung c a ln tng 3 to khng gian tch bit ch dnh ring cho cc thnh vin tron gia nh.

CHNG IV
Gii php thit k cc khng gian trong nh
34

Gii php thit k khng gian: phng n, bp ca cc loi nh (nh ph - nh lin k - bit th - chung c)

Yu cu phng bp, n

Dy chuyn chc nng phi m bo hp l, thun tin cho thao tc hot ng, giao thng trnh chng cho. C cc gii php thng gi v chiu sng ph hp. B tr, sp xp cc thit b ni tht phi tht gn gng, hp l. D dng v sinh, dn dp

Bp, n

CHNG IV
Gii php thit k cc khng gian trong nh
35

Bp + n ca nh ph, nh lin k
Do c im ca nh ph l hp, di v c dng ng nn phng bp v phng n t khi c phn chia rch ri thnh 2 phng ring bit m thng c kt hp vi nhau trong khng gian m.

Din tch bp v n thng khng ln.

Bp v phng n thng c t cui (hoc gn cui nh).

Nh lin k

CHNG IV
Gii php thit k cc khng gian trong nh
36

Kho st bp n bit th
c im ca bit th l ring bit (t 2 pha tr ln), c t 2 mt tr ln tip xc vi sn vn, do phng bp v phng n thng thong,thng gi v chiu sng tt, c th nhn trc tip ra cnh quan bn ngoi.

Bp n

Do khng b hn ch v din tch nn phng bp v phng n thng c phn chia kh r rng

V tr t linh hot, ng thi chu tc ng trc tip ca hng t (bp) n Bp

CHNG IV
Gii php thit k cc khng gian trong nh
37

Kho st nh bp, n ca chung c

Do din tch cc cn h chung c l kh nh nn phng bp v phng n thng c kt hp chung.
V cc phng chc nng khc (phng ng, phng khch) chim ht cc mt tip xc trc tip vi nh sng nn bp v phng n thng b b sng v gi.

V tr t bp ph thuc vo v tr t cc ng ng k thut chung ca chung c.

c b tr chung vi khu v sinh v git phi, thng t gn ca ra vo.

CHNG IV
Gii php thit k cc khng gian trong nh
38

III) Cc hnh thc thm m (mt ng) ca cng trnh kin trc nh (nh ph, nh lin k, bit th, chung c)

KHI NIM V NGN NG KIN TRC: im: 1 vt th nh khng cha chc nng, khng
gian Xc nh khng gian xung quanh

im ng Mt Khi Mt: Khi:

ng:

Mt phng c d dy nht nh so vi cng trnh

Khng gian s dng c bao bc kn bi cc mt

Cc ng thng c phng chu lc thng ng

CHNG IV
39

Cc yu t nh hng n thm m mt ng

VN HA X HI LCH S A HNH KH HU QUY HOCH A PHNG

THM M TRONG THIT K

CHNG IV
Cc hnh thc thm m (mt ng)
40

Mi cn nh c nt thm m, hnh khi khc nhau, ko c quy hoch

Nh ph

Nh ph

Nh ph kt hp kinh doanh

1 tng di dng kinh doanh, bun bn

CHNG IV
Cc hnh thc thm m (mt ng)
41

Nh lin k

-K tha v pht trin t nh ph. - S quy hoch chung c t chc hn. -Mang xu hng hin i - Hnh khi n gin nhng mang tnh thm m cao

ng dng hoc i xng v hnh khi kin trc

Chiu rng, chiu cao b rng buc bi quy hoch chung

C kt cu chung tng

CHNG IV
Cc hnh thc thm m (mt ng)
42

Bit th
L loi nh tiu chun cao, khun vin c lp. Din tch xung quanh ln, din tch s dng cao Quy m t 1 n 3 tng ( thng thng l 2 tng) Mt xy dng: 25% - 40%

Khi kin trc khng qu ln Hi ha vi cnh quan v mi trng. Vt liu phong ph ,cu k, sang trng, hp dn. Ph thuc vo th hiu ca ch u t.

CHNG IV

Cc hnh thc thm m (mt ng)

43

Cc loi bit th
BIT TH N LP
Din tch t rng v tr thun li trn khu t. Hnh thc mt ng phong ph, vt liu a dng. Mt bng t do, c sn vn, c th c sn trong C hng ro bao quanh, c lp vi ng ph.

Din tch t hn ch. Hai bit th lin k, ging nhau. Nm trn 2 l t lin k. Mt ng : 2 cn h i xng nhau qua 1 trc Tng ca 2 bit th c th chung hay ring.

BIT TH SONG LP

BIT TH T LP

Din tch t hn ch hn so vi song lp. Mt ng: Bn cn h i xng nhau qua 2 trc vung gc.

CHNG IV

Cc hnh thc thm m (mt ng)

44

chung c thp tng

CHUNG C

Chung c cao t ng

Chung c dnh cho ngi thu nhp thp/trung bnh:

- GP Hnh lang bn - GP Hnh lang gia

Chung c dnh cho ngi c thu nhp cao (chung c cao cp)

CHNG IV

Cc hnh thc thm m (mt ng)

45

Chung c kt hp thng mi dch v :

Xut hin do mc sng ngy cng cao,dn ti nhu cu s dng cng tng cao

Chung c nc ngoi :
- Xu hng chung c hin i kin trc sinh thi ( ecological architecture)

CHNG IV

Cc hnh thc thm m (mt ng)

46

CHNG
Ni dung chuyn :
I.Nghin cu, phn tch cc khng gian chc nng II.Nghin cu, phn tch cc khng gian giao thng. III.Phn tch dy chuyn s dng IV.Vn thit k an ton thot ngi V.Kho st thit k dc ca khn i

V
47

I) Nghin cu, phn tch cc khng gian chc nng

Khng gian chnh Khng gian ph

Khng gian chnh: l nhng b phn chnh, quyt nh tnh cht (c th) ca cng trnh v chim phn ln din tch s dng ca cng trnh Khng gian ph: l nhng b phn ph h tr cho hot ng ca cc b phn chnh. C 2 b phn: b phn ph trc tip v b phn gin tip. Khng gian c th: thng tng, mt ng, sn trong, sn ngoi.

Mt bng trng i hc

CHNG V
Nghin cu, phn tch cc khng gian chc nng
48

II) Nghin cu, phn tch cc khng gian giao thng

Giao thng ngang: Hnh lang Cu ni Giao thng ng: Bc cp Cu thang b Thang my ng dc Nt giao thng: Snh chnh Snh tng Snh giao thng Khng gian chuyn tip

mt bng trt

W C

W C

London aquatics center

W C

khch nhn vin

Phn tch 1 cao c vn phng

Giao thng ngang: hnh lng Giao thng ng: thang my, thang b Nt giao thng: snh tng

CHNG V
Nghin cu, phn tch cc khng gian giao thng
49

III) Phn tch dy chuyn s dng

Phn tch NH HNG

1.

Phn khu chc nng

2. Giao thng
Khch i ni

Khu khch: snh n tip, khu n trong nh, ngoi tri; WC khch, bi xe khch Khu ch bin: cc kho (lnh, kh, lng thc, cht t, dng c); cc bp (ch bin kh, k, nu.), pha ch. Khu qun l: quy tnh tin, phng qun l, ngh nhn vin, nh xe ni b

Hng ha i ni i ngoi
Nhn vin i ni

wc

Nhn vin

Bp Khu nh hng
Khu khch
Khu ch bin

LVP kho

Qun l

Snh chnh
LVC

Tnh tin

Qun l

CHNG V
Phn tch dy chuyn s dng
50

3. Dy chuyn s dng
Nh hng La Condesa

CHNG V
Phn tch dy chuyn s dng
51

Yu cu phng chy cha chy trong cng trnh cng cng

C giao thng cha chy, tip cn, khp kn, xung quang cng trnh

gii php vt liu cu to

lp t h thng bo chy v cha chy

CHNG V

h thng iu p
52

Yu cu phng chy cha chy trong cng trnh cng cng

IV) Vn thit k an ton thot ngi

Khu cn h Riverpark Residence

T2 = 112m/10(m/p) = 11,2 phut

Hng thot ngi

T1 = S/V = 23m/16(m/p) = 1,4 phut
SAFE PLACE

T3 = 27m/16(m/p) = 1,7 phut T1 + T2 + T3 = 14,3 PHUT < 15P Tnh ton thi gian thot ngi, cho cng trnh t yu cu

Tnh ton thi gian v hng thot ngi cho khu cn h

CHNG V
Vn thit k an ton thot ngi
53

Phi gii quyt 2 ni dung:

vt tia nhn ( nng tm nhn): chnh lch theo phng ng ca 2 hng gh lin nhau. c = 160: phng biu din ngh thut. c = 120: rp chiu phim, ging ng c = 150: nh ht ngoi tri.

V) Kho st thit k dc ca khn i

ccf b a

Lmax: khong cch xa nht trn khn i n khong cch xa nht trn sn u. Bng : 200m r, v, th dc, chuyn: 60m Bng bn: 54m RCP, hi tho, ging ng: 45 60m Nh ht: 30 45m nh ht ci lng, tung cho..:10 20m Nh ht opera..:25m

Thit k nn dc khn i : thit k nn dc

Ta c: X,Y: 22x40m (chiu rng, chiu di sn u) A: khong li (phm vi sn u): chn 5m. B: chiu rng khn i. C: chiu di khn i. b: chn 0.8m (khong cch cc bc ngi) h: chn 0.5m (chiu cao 1 bc ngi), H1:0.8m (chiu cao bc ngi u tin) Lmax: 60m

nh thi u th dc th thao Bng nm 2000 ch

H (chiu cao tng)= (n-1)*h+ H1+ h(ngi: 0.7)= 11m

Chia lm 2 khn i, mi khn i 10 bc

C=Y+2A

b b

H1

CHNG V

b
54

CHNG
Ni dung chuyn : I.Nguyn tc b cc tng phn d bin v vn lut

VI
55

II.Nguyn tc b cc cn bng v n nh ( i xng v bt i xng) III.Nguyn tc th sai trong kin trc

I) Nguyn tc b cc tng phn d bin v vn lut

S dng ngh thut tng phn r rng nht vt liu s dng, gia 1 qun th kin trc c s dng gch ,vt liu king. kim t thp tn vinh ln c v p c knh vn c, ng thi em n cho mi ngi mt ci nhn rt mi v in Louvre.

Tng phn d bin: L s thay i cc tnh cht ngh thut (ng nt, hnh khi, mu sc, vt liu, khng gian, khi lng.) Tng phn: to s t ngt bt ng. D bin: to s dn dn, t t quen dn.

Vn lut: Lp i lp li nhiu ln ( c s ging nhau hon ton hay thay i kch thc) Gm cc loi: Vn lut lin tc Vn lut tim tin. Vn lut li lm. Vn lut giao thoa.

Ta nh Zen plaza nm trn trc ng Nguyn Tri Q.1 TP.HCM cng trnh ny,tc gi s dng ngh thut vn lut trn mt ng ca cng trnh. Cc mng en,trng c lp li v xen k nhau to nhp iu cho cng trnh,to cm gic thng nht v hi ha.

CHNG VI Nguyn tc b cc tng phn d bin v vn lut

56

II) Nguyn tc b cc cn bng v n nh ( i xng v bt i xng)

L cm gic ngh thut to cho ngi xem cm gic va , khng tha, khng thiu trong hnh thc thm m vi cc lnh vc ngh thut ni chung v cng trnh kin trc ni ring. L nhng nguyn tc ngh thut c tnh quy c, c l do qu trnh hot ng ngh thut hnh thnh, khng th s dng so snh s hc, hnh hc m c c.

Cn bng v ng nh i xng

Cn bng v n nh bt i xng

i xng qua trc i xng, yu t ging nhau. To cm gic gn gi thin nhin, con ngi. Cng trnh kin trc c, hnh chnh, bo tng, nh ht, tn gio, n th

Yu t khng ging nhau, yu t c sc ht nh nhau

CHNG VI
57

III) Nguyn tc th sai trong kin trc

L s sai lch ca gic quan mt vi bn v v thc t do quy lut tng tc. Gm cc loi: Th sai lut xa gn. Th sai v s lng, phng hng. Th sai do quan h tng tc ln nhau. Th sai v mu sc: Gam mu, sc .

Bn tri l ta nh SACOMBANK nm trn trc ng Nguyn Vn Tri

n Pathenon

Cc ct Hy Lp thng cong ch khng thng. V nh hng ca nh sng l cho ct c hnh khng p nn ngi ta phi xy dng chn ct to hn, t xa nhn vo cng trnh c v cn bng hn.

cng trnh ny mang dng v rt hin i,s dng ch yu l nhng phn v ng nn t gc nhn pha di khi tip cn vi cng trnh,hiu ng ca nhng phn v ng ny lm cho chng ta c cm gic cng trnh vt ln cao trng c v thanh mnh.

Cng trnh

Mt ngi nhn

Nn phi lm nh th

CHNG VI
58

CHNG
Ni dung chuyn : I.Cc bc thit k khng gian mt bng 1 cng trnh kin trc

VII
59

II.Cc yu t nh hng n gii php thit k khng gian mt bng III.Cc gii php b cc khng gian mt bng IV.Gii php phn khu khng gian mt bng

I) Cc bc thit k khng gian mt bng 1 cng trnh kin trc

Cc bc: 1.Phn khu chc nng. 2.B phn chnh ph. V d: Siu th
1. Snh chnh
2. Khu bn hng t chn 3. Cc gian hng c ngi phc v 4. Kho hng 5. Snh nhp hng 6. Phng phn loi, ghi gi, dn nhn 7. Quy tnh tin 8. Khu gii kht v thc n nhanh 9. Khu tr chi tr em 10. Khu v sinh khch 11. Cc phng qun l 12. Khu v sinh nhn vin

3. Giao thng i ni i ngoi. 4. B cc dy chuyn s dng.

I) Phn khu chc nng

1) Khch hng b cc khu t xy dng 2) Qun l 3) Bn hng

II) B phn chnh ph

Chnh: bn hng. Ph: Khch, Qun l

2
LVC

3 2

LVP

CHNG VII Cc bc thit k khng gian mt bng 1 cng trnh kin trc
60

III) Giao thng i ni i ngoi

Khch: i ngoi. Hng ha: i ni i ngoi. Nhn vin: i ni.
Wc khch Snh chnh

Khu tr chi

Cc gian hng

Cc gian hng

Cc kho

LVC
Gi

Snh ph
Khu gii kht v thc n nhanh Cc gian hng nhn vin

LV P

IV) B cc dy chuyn s dng

Mt bng 1 siu th mini

CHNG VII Cc bc thit k khng gian mt bng 1 cng trnh kin trc
61

II) Cc yu t nh hng n gii php thit k khng gian mt bng

Qu trnh khai thc chc nng s dng trong cng trnh kin trc

Yu t a th v bao cnh xung quanh ca v tr xy dng

c im v gii php kt cu v cu to kin trc

Cc nhim v ngh thut kin trc ca cng trnh

Tnh kinh t trong gii php b cc tng th cng trnh

CHNG VII

Mt bng nh hng: khu n ung chim din tch ln nht, nhm phc v ti a cho thc khch
62

III) Cc gii php b cc khng gian mt bng

Gii php t hp kiu khng gian ln

Opera Sydney

Gii php b cc kiu khng gian tp trung trung tm

Gii php b cc kiu khng gian thng nhau

Bo tng Guggenheim Bo tng Clyfford Still

Gii php t hp kiu khng gian hnh lang

Trng trung hc Camino Nuevo

CHNG VII
63

IV) Gii php phn khu khng gian mt bng

Gii php phn khu theo ta nh ring bit (hp khi)
Kindergarten Competition Proposal Tr s UNESCO

Nh tr Neufeld an der Leitha

Gii php phn khu theo cnh nh (n nguyn)

Gii php phn khu theo tng nh

restaurant
Office Event floor Fitness center Fitness center Event floor Learning center

Cao c YIBD Block C1-20

Learning center

CHNG VII

Office

restaurant
64

CHNG
Ni dung chuyn :
Gii php thit k hnh khi v gii php thit k mt ng.

VIII
65

Ta nh Saigon Center nm gc ng L Li v Pasteur Ta nh Saigon Center nm gc ng L Li v Pasteur Ta nh Saigon Center nm gc ng L Li v Pasteur

Gii php thit k hnh khi v gii php thit k mt ng.

CC GII PHP THIT K HNH KHI Giai php ng vin ( gc nhn t xa): Nhn mnh ng bao cng trnh bng nh sng, G ch, Vt liu, trang tr, NG BAO PHI CNH Gii php din (k/cch hp&gc nhn 1 pha cc b): S l b mt khi , Hnh khi n gin, -X l chi tit gc nhn chnh Gii php khi ( gc nhn nhiu pha, xa gn, cc b): S l khi dng v chi tit ni bt (tao im nhn)
Ch Bn Thnh

NGUYN TC THIT K MT NG 1.p t xa ti gn 2.Quy lut nhp iu tit iu trn mt ng 3.Quy lut bin ho tng phn, thay i it nhiu 4.Quy lut gc nhn ,t l (gc no thy r phi chi tit, cc chi tit phi t l vi view ,chi tit cng xa view cng to) CC GII PHP THIT K MT NG Phn v ng Phn v Ngang Phn v hn hp

Quan st t bt c hng nhn no d xa hay gn, chng ta u thy c ni bt nht l ng bao cng trnh,cc chi tit nh khng c ch trng nhiu.
Ta nh Saigon Center nm gc ng L Li v Pasteur

T nhiu hng khc nhau, cc mt ca cng trnh c x l khc nhau to nn nt phong ph cho cng trnh

Mt tin ngay gc giao ca 2 ng nhn mnh li vo cng nh s dng nhng lam cong ngang trang tr cho khi nh thp

Mt tin L Li li em cho chng ta 1 ci nhn khc v mt ng cng trnh

66

CHNG
Ni dung chuyn :
Cc gii php thit k kt cu khng gian ln

IX
67

Cc gii php thit k kt cu khng gian ln

Mi khung nh chu lc phng: vt liu c th l b tng, thp g. Mi kt cu khng gian an nhau. Mi, tm np un. Mi vm hnh cu. Kt cu treo dy: khp kn v khng khp kn

Sn bay New Terminal Lucknow, n

Khng gian vt nhp ln

Cng trnh s dng h khung dn chu lc, vi nhp ln, c hnh i cnh.

68