Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ratneswary Balasingam,
Research Analyst
Chemical, Materials and Food
11 November 2008
Focus Points
4 Key Challenges
2
Benchmarking Indonesian Bio-ethanol
3
BIOETHANOL Next Generation Energy Fuel…
4
Indonesia Gearing towards Bio-ethanol
Effects of high petroleum and natural gas prices, decline in production of crude
fossil oil due to aging oil fields has led Indonesia to seek opportunities in bio-
fuel production (bio-ethanol and bio- diesel).
"Mandatory Bio-fuel Policy" which states the use of a 1-5 percent blend of bio-
ethanol and 99-95 percent of gasoline for transportation will become
mandatory in 2010.The program started in 2006 developed in stages.
This study cover the 3 main categories/grades
Bio-ethanol (hydrous ethanol) – technical/raw spirit/industrial grade.
Bio-ethanol (hydrous ethanol) – high quality food and beverages
grade.
Bio-ethanol (anhydrous ethanol/ dry ethanol) – fuel grade ethanol
(FGE)
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Indonesia Gearing towards Bio-ethanol
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Market Revenue and Projection
300
Value (USD Million)
Increase in CAGR is
250 estimated, as
CAGR : 23.5%
200 production for fuel
CAGR : 6.97%
150 grade bio-ethanol
100 increases
50
Year
-
2005 2008 2010
► Bio-ethanol Market is valued at USD160.5 million in 2008
• •Competitive
CompetitiveMarket
Marketwith
withan
anaverage
averageofof10
10active
activemarket
marketplayers.
players.
• •Market
MarketRevenue
Revenueisisestimated
estimatedatat USD160.5
USD160.5million
millioninin2008
2008and
andisis
expected
expectedtotogrow
growto
toUSD
USD244.8
244.8million
millioninin2010.
2010.
• •CAGR
CAGRfrom
from2008
2008toto2010
2010isisestimated
estimatedto tobe
be23.51%,
23.51%,compared
comparedto
toCAGR
CAGR
from
from2005
2005toto2008
2008isis6.97%.
6.97%.
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Market Volume & Projection
• •Market
MarketVolume
Volumeisisestimated
estimatedatat 205,753
205,753tones
tonesinin2008
2008and
andisisexpected
expectedto
to
grow to330,851
growto 330,851tonnes
tonnesinin2010.
2010.
• •CAGR
CAGRfrom
from2008
2008to to2010
2010isisestimated
estimated26.8
26.8%
%compared
comparedto
toCAGR
CAGRfrom
from
2005
2005to
to2008
2008isis7.4%.
7.4%.
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Key Industry Participants
PT Indo
Lampung
PT Indo Distillery
Acidatama 20%
Share by End Use Chemical
19%
Application (2008)
► Bio-ethanol Market is valued at 205,753 tones in 2008
Fuel Grade
18%
Note :
Industry grade (Ethanol 95-96% (hydrous ethanol) -technical/raw spirit used as spirits,
Industry disinfectants and solvents - other industrial grade used as chemical solvents
Grade Beverages Grade (Ethanol 95-96% (hydrous ethanol) -high quality beverages
Beverages
55% Fuel Grade Ethanol (FGE) (Ethanol >99.5% (anhydrous ethanol/ dry ethanol) – fuel
Grade grade and pharmaceuticals.
27%
Source: Frost & Sullivan,2008
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Cassava & Molasses
Sustaining Feedstock
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Introduction
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Planted Areas
Lampung
>25% of Sugar Cane planted
Owned by sugar factory , new
plant
Java Java
>60% of Sugar Cane planted ~ 50% of cassava planted
IDB Superior Cassava (ISC)
yield level 150 tons/ha, will be
introduce to cover 90,000 ha
Sugar Cane
- around 40 per cent of sugar cane in Java is Cassava
grown on wet land so yields are low; -2nd staple food, beyond SSL rate
- 50% of cane producers are small holders ,the -Potential FGE production in 2007
average size is less than half a hectare - Producers are mainly small holders producing
- inefficient management practices and sugar cassava chips while bigger players producer starch.
mills are small and use outdated technology - Currently yield level is 15-18 tons/ha, new variety
will be introduced ,IDB Superior Cassava (ISC) yield
level 150 tons/ha, introduced to Java. 12
Processing Routes (Molasses)
Molasses is a thick, dark syrup produced by reducing juice from sugar cane. Bio-ethanol is
produced from molasses, however it can be produced through bagasses and sugar cane also.
Bio-ethanol Production from Molasses
Sugar Cane
Fermentation
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Processing Routes (Cassava)
Cassava chips are produced by local smallholders.
Bio-ethanol Production from Cassava.
Cassava Roots
Sand Separation
Milling
Modified Starch
Pellet / Liquefaction by
alpha amylase *Total bio-ethanol produced from cassava is 16,986
Consumption tons in 2008.
*DME program produces 400 bio-ethanol liters per
Saccharification & day. 55 areas detected for smallholder production in
2006. Estimated >7,000 tons of bio-ethanol produced.
Fermentation (Baker’s Yeast)
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The current total annual domestic sugar
Sugar & Molasses : Availability consumption is 3.8 million tonnes (per capita
consumption is 15kg), yet annual domestic
production is estimated 3.3 million tonnes and
1.41 million tonnes from imports for 2008.
Sugar & Molasses
Lampung
Sugar :28,340 ton/year
Molasses : 14,170 ton/year
North Sumatra
Cassava: 412,000 ton/year
South Sulawesi
Cassava: 607,000 ton/year
Papua
West Sumatra Cassava: 41,000ton/year
Cassava: 243,000 ton/year
Lampung Others
Cassava:5,473,283 ton/year Cassava: 2,969,100 ton/year
West Java
Cassava: 2,044,674ton/year East Java
Central Java Cassava: 4,769,662 ton/year
Cassava: 4,235,210 ton/year
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Cassava & Molasses : Conversion Ratio
Conversion Ratio :
Raw Material* Sugar Content (kg) Bio ethanol (L) Raw Material: Bio ethanol
Cassava 240-300 167 6.5:1
Corn 600-700 400 2.5:1
Bagasse 10-20 760-830 1.3-1.2:1
Sago 120-160 90 12:1
Sugar Cane 110 67 15:1
Molasses 450-520 250 4:1
*Calculations are made for every 1000 kg of the raw material
4:1
Molasses : 1,677,930 ton/year x 45% Bio-ethanol:188,767 ton/year
~0.5% of cassava is used for Bio-ethanol production, mainly for direct consumption and food Indonesia Bio-ethanol:
processing 205,735ton/year in 2008
6.5:1 Fuel Grade
Cassava: 20,794,929 ton/year X0.5% Bio-ethanol:16,986 ton/year 18%
Industry
Food/ Grade
Beverages 55%
Grade
27%
FGE Bio-ethanol:37,032 ton/year
Frost & Sullivan,2008
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Cassava & Molasses : For Fuel Supply
(2008) (2008)
Fuel grade (99.5%): 37,032 ton/year 19,167,868 ton/year 0.2%
(2010) (2010)
Fuel grade (99.5%):162,178 ton/year 22,153,526 ton/year 0.7%
(2015) (2015)
Fuel grade(99.5%):3,510,700ton/year 31,596,300 ton/year 10%
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Key Drivers
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Key Drivers
Product Standards
• Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No: 3674 K/24/DJM/2006, March,17, 2006
– Standard and Quality ( Specification) Gasoline Fuel which marketed locally.
– Usage of ethanol enable up to maximum 10% volume
• Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No; 3675 K/24/DJM/2006, March,17, 2006
– Standard and Quality ( Specification) Diesel Fuel which marketed locally
– Usage Of FAME enable up to maximum 10% volume
• Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No: 13483 K/24/DJM/2006, September,26, 2006
– Standard and Quality ( Specification) Biodiesel as Alternate Fuel which marketed locally.
• Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No: 051/2006, October,10, 2006
– Procedures for Commercial Trading of Biofuel as Alternate Fuel. Source: Frost & Sullivan
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Trends & Initiatives
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Indonesian Bio- Ethanol Production Stages
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Key Challenges
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Major Challenges
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Conclusion: Achieving the Ultimatum
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Conclusion: Achieving the Ultimatum
Indonesia wants to see bio- ethanol replace 5 % of its fossil fuel transport
consumption by 2010. To achieve this target, Indonesia may have to look into
the potential of utilizing bio-mass (bagasse & other crop waste) as a feedstock to
produce bio-ethanol.
In 2008, Bio-ethanol in Indonesia has an annual production of 205,753 tonnes.
With current price of bio- ethanol of USD 0.7-0.9 per liter, revenues are
estimated at USD 160.5 millions.
Liaisons with foreign player and technology sharing will boost production for
bio-ethanol.
Government plans and policies will help boost the market for bio- ethanol.
Government funding and incentives to the industry is seen as a driver for
producers.
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Your Feedback is Important to Us
Growth Forecasts?
Competitive Structure?
Emerging Trends?
Strategic Recommendations?
Other?
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For Additional Information
Steve Lee
Strategic Account Manager
Chemical, Materials & Food
(65) 6890 0914
steve.lee@frost.com
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