NIOS OER Project

OER Frame work

(Draft) Name of OER Developer : Mr.Kisan Suresh Pande Institution : Lokmanya Public Charitable Trust , Chikhalgaon,Tal-Dapoli,Dist-Ratnagiri.415712 E mail : pandekisan@gmail.com Mobile No. 9404155023 Tel. No.(02358)686985 Course : Rural Technology Subject : RCC Construction Concept and Concept map: Standard : 8th to 10th

Use of Tools & material What is Rcc ? RCC Works Strength

What is mean by concrete?

Types of structure

Foundation Cement Sand Stone metal

Slab

Beam

Column s

Scale

Use

Benefits

Activity to be Performed with this OER Activity to be performed mentioned in PowerPoint Link below
Please click here for the link to the presentation on preparing RCC columns The column prepared should look as shown in figure

Till here what you learnt

Equipments used in RCC construction Preparation of concrete mixture How to Make a RCC structure How to Make columns, and curing process

Activity to Perform
To make 2 RCC Columns for a school gate

Objective of this OER

After going through this unit ,the learner will be able to: 1) Identify deferent types of Construction structure 2) Identify structural components of RCC. 3) Do RCC work. 4) Drawing sketches of beams and columns on paper or on Computer using respective softwares

Introduction Construction carries important place in human civilization. It shows us the progress made by man from time to time. The first buildings made by human were simple huts, tents Wood, stones and sands were the only material used. The first bridges made by humans were probably wooden logs placed across a stream. In the ancient time architects put all their skill in building the roof of the construction. They construct walls and roofs using stones. Still we can see the stony beam on the stony column in old temples. The knowledge gained over 5000 years ago is still every building in the world. Ancient architects were with the help of Lime stones ( in Hindi or earthen materials etc. Today Steel, cement etc material is available for buildings and large bridges. used in the construction of constructing large buildings in Marathi), stones, and architects to construct big

History of Construction Construction has a long tradition of thousands of years. To become immortal in history, Kings asked their architect to construct huge buildings. Pyramids were build to bury pharaohs king around 5000 years ago. Height of the pyramid is approximately 300 feet and was built with 5-6 feet rectangular stones. Those architects showed their skill of building such huge, accurate construction. Pyramids are one of the Seven Wonders of the World. In India, Kailash temple at Ellora (Dist Aurangabad) is built from huge stones in 7th 13th centuries Beams and Arches

Stones are weak in tension therefore in old temples you will find column are placed close to each other. Construction of big hall was not possible with stones as beam. When man learnt to built arch by arranging the stones, ample progress was made in the construction process. By using this method, Roman people showed their creativity in construction. In stony roof and beams, pressure comes on the beam due to the weight of the roof and it bends at the center. Therefore limited distances were kept between the two beams. In case of circular arches, pressure is equally distributed and hence we can keep more distance between the columns. In elliptical arches we can increase this distance further and can construct the stony concave roof. Trusses People realized that wood and steel can bear the tension & pressure easily. Therefore, use of Wood and steel started in construction. Architects recognized importance of triangular frames in construction. Triangular frames are stronger than square or pentagon frames. Therefore architects started making the truss for the roof by joining different sized triangles for small houses. People started using roof tiles on this truss with the support of vertical and horizontal planks. Afterwards method of putting steel or cement sheets on the roof got developed. Picture of a 400 year old bridge on Koyna river between Pratapgad and Jawali using arcs.Picture taken in May 2012

Types of Construction Types of Construction are as follows 1) Wall bearing - In this type, all load of roof and structure is carried through the walls towards the foundation 2) RCC - RCC means Reinforced Cement Concrete

In an RCC framed structure, the load is transferred from a slab to the beams then to the columns and further to lower columns and finally to the foundation which in turn transfers it to the soil. It is shown in the figure below where the slab load is distributed to the ground surface through the pillars. The Ground Surface is digged out and concrete, sand and cement mixture layer is filled in it to assign strength to the base Most of the high rises building uses RCC techniques.

3) Peb(Pre-engineered Building) In this type of construction,a solid model structure is prepared and assembled.Advantages if this type of building is that its components are easily available which are metallic/fiber/toughened glass.It needs to make a strong ground base preparation like RCC and further, metallic components are assembled by nuts bolts and welding.Almost all shopfloors , workshops of manufacturing units are of this type Image of a Pre engineered Building

Powerpoint Links Please click here for link on presentation for types of construction Please click here for link on presentation on structural elements

Activity
Visit an construction site nearby your locality and find out how the type of construction whether it is RCC or Wall Bearing or PEB Calculate dimension of column and beam Draw Sketch of Beam and Column Explore more on chemical composition of cement. Explore more on Mortar and Mortar strength standards

Questions Where is steel used in construction , why is cement used in construction Please refer to the photographs below and identify which type of construction is it

Mortar ratios for different types of work

The ratio of Mortar/Concrete required for variable work: Following is the ratio of cement : sand : gravel for construction. Type of Work 1. Water tank 2.Bricks work (burnt) 3.Steps construction(stony) 4. Finishing 5. Wall construction 6. Making foundation 7.R.C.C. column or beam 8.Handpump foundation Proportion of Cement : Sand : Gravel 1:3 1:6 1:7 1:2 ( or cement + water) 1:3:6 1:3:6 or 1:3:5 1:2:4 1:2:4

Mortar ratio is important because those are tested and standardized quantities through which we can ensure the appropriate strength of the structure

Additional PowerPoint links to structures, bars and forces calculations

Please click here for PowerPoint link on load calculations on structures , bars and forces applied Please click here for PowerPoint link on load calculations on structures

Summary From this topic, the learner is well familiar with Which type of materials to use according to the type of construction Knowledge of RCC construction Knowledge of proper Mortar ratio according to work

Questions What is difference between RCC and Wall Bearing? What is beam and concrete

Additional Activity 1) Prepare Side pillars of school building gate using RCC 2) Costing Assignment Sunil wants to do fencing along his house.He require 20 concrete poles of dimensions 120x20x5 . Calculate the cost for making the 20 poles of concrete

Disclaimer:
The content displayed in the presentation is made for students, teachers and volunteers of Vigyan Ashram for learning Rural Technologies. They have made extensive use of web resources while making the presentation .They are instructed to use open source content on the website Material shared is for educational purpose and no commercial transaction is involved Vigyan Ashram is not responsible for any omission or misrepresentation of information. We will be happy to do correction if it is brought to our notice.