UGANDA TECHNICAL

COLLEGE - LIRA

DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING P.O.BOX, 4 LIRA

EGWETE SAMUEL INDEX NO: UBTOO5/2012/587

YEAR OF STUDY:2012/2014 INDUSTRIAL TRAING REPORT ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF PROPOSED BOYS DORMETORY OF LIRACOMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL OF NURSING.
JUNE-AUGUST

SUBMITTED TO UGANDA BUSSINESS AND TECHNICAL EXAMINATION BOARD AS APARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIEMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE SUPERVISOR NAME..

SITE SUPERVISOR NAME.

SIGN.
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SIGN..
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DECLARATION
I Egwete Samuel declare that the information in this booklet is as a result of my findings and hard work during my training and has never been submitted in any institution for any award. Sign: Date. Number:

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APPROVAL
This industrial training report has been compiled under my supervision and its ready for

submission to the Department of Building and Civil Engineering Uganda technical College Lira and has never been submitted to any other institution for any award. Name Sign: Date:

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I would like to recognize the contribution of my family members, who have work hard with me and fully supported me entirelyi.e. Dr. Odur Andrew, Isaac Okorie, my mum Helen and Dad Angelous. Maximum thanks goes to my supervisors and instructors who helped me through my training including the assistance the foremen, that is Benzamine and Ogwang Samuel and also not forgetting Engineer Joseph Owiny for guiding and helping me in the field. Lastly to all my colleagues, students, masons and all laborers who helped me in writing my report and during the training. Then greatly, I would like to thank MULTILINE COMPANY LIMITED for giving me the opportunity to train with them.

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DEDICATION
This report is dedicated to almighty GOD for having kept me through the period of my training Then to all my family members,friends, and all my relatives for their hard work, thanks to you all and May GOD bless you all.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Making of kickers, that is:forming the form work,casting, and removal of the form work, and curing Making of curtailments for columns Fixing the curtailments for columns in their positions Making the formwork for columns Fixing the formwork for columns Painting the inside of the formwork Casting of concrete for columns Removal of formwork for column Curing of concrete Raising the neat wall on the second floor Fixing the windows Fixing the doors Plastering the walls and ceiling Making of the cornice Making formwork for the beam Making the curtailments for the beam Transporting the curtailments upon the building Casting the ring beam Removal of formwork for the beam Curing the beam Raising the wall over beam Making the curtailments for the second beam Transporting the curtailments for the second beam Marking the formwork for the second beam Fixing the base plate Casting the second beam
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 Removal of formwork for the second beam Curing of the second beam

THE PURPOSE OF THE TRAINING

Industrial training helps to generate and establish a students knowledge and understanding in the field of work It also helps to create a better relationship and friendship so that a student can compare both theoretical and practical skills The purpose of industrial training also helps the students to realize the benefits of field works To get exposed to the engineering field operations so as to actualize on the theoretical knowledge organized from class. To get adapted to various working environments. To acquaint myself briefly on the challenges of an engineer faces while in the field. To acquire practical challenges in the engineering field. To acquire practical working supervision and management skills as a future civil engineer. To develop the communication skills needed by modern civil engineers To understand how the different specialists work hand in hand to successfully execute projects To fill the gap between theory and practical through participation and application of scientific knowledge to produce real work on site or in the field. To interact with practicing professionals of the same or different fields of study so as to gain experience and the knowhow as a future Engineer.

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MAJOR FINDINGS FROM MY INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

Generally during the training that too almost two month, I have learnt the following: How to lay bricks How to make curtailments How to use a porker vibrator How to socialize with people and make good friendship How to use certain tools and equipments

TOOLS, EQUIPMENTS AND MACHINES USED

Tools Trowel Building line plumb bob Tape measure Hammer Hack saw bow saw Planes Straight edge Wooden float steel float Spirit level Uses For scooping mortar to the point of work For alignment Testing the vertically of the surface Taking linear measurement Driving nails and removal of nails from the surface Cutting pieces of metals Cutting of timbers Shooting the edges of timbers Cutting the surfaces of the mortar Floating the surfaces Smoothing the surfaces Taking horizontal and vertical levels Points of application Plastering , rendering and erecting walls. Erecting the wall Fixing doors, windows, raising walls. Raising the wall, leaving openings, doors and windows Making formworks Making curtailments Making form work Making formwork Plastering, rendering and reveals Plastering and rendering Plastering

Table 1: Tools, Equipments and Machines Used

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CONCLUSION
I would like to recognize the contribution of Uganda Business and Technical Examination Board for emphasizing the issue of industrial training that has helped most of the students to acquire skills and knowledge during the period of training. With great pleasure, I would also like to thank and appreciate the management of Multiline Company for allowing me to train with them.

RECOMMENDATION
Generally I would like to advise the officials of Uganda Business and Technical Examination Board and the school administrators to always help the students in getting places for training. I would also like to advise the management of Multiline company Uganda limited to always involve the trainees in all the activities of the site.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter one Pages 1.0 Introduction13 1.1 Company historical back ground...12 1.2 Projects that had been undertaken by the company...12 1.3 Organizational chart..13 Chapter two 2.0 Kickers.16 2.1 Making curtailment for columns...16 2.2 Formwork for columns..17 2.3 Tools and materials for making the column.18 2.4 Casting of the column..19 2.5 Placing and compacting of concrete.19 2.6 Removal of formwork...19 2.7 Raising of the neat wall20 2.8 Placing the hoop iron...20 2.9 Fixing windows20 2.1.0 Fixing doors23 2.1.1 Making of gauges for plaster24 2.1.2 Plastering the walls..24 2.1.3 Plastering the ceiling.25 2.1.4 Making the cornice...26 2.1.5 Making the ring beam...27 2.1.6 Casting ring beam29 2.1.7 Construction of over beam30 2.1.8 Construction of second beam30 2.1.9 Fixing the base plates31 Chapter three 3.0 Results of findings.32
3.1 Challenges faced during the period of training.32 3.2 Solutions32

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Chapter four 4.0 Conclusion33 4.1 Recommendation33

Figure s Figure 1

Page no. 34

Below shows the list of tables list page Table 124 Table 225

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CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION

This report was generated from the project that started in early 2012, located in Lira District within the boundaries of Lira Regional Referral Hospital.The project was founded by the Government of Uganda under the ministry of education and sports and was contracted by Multiline Company limited. This report is intended to give information of what was done during the training that took place for about two month and at the end of it all be submitted to UBTEB.

1.1 Company historical background MULTILINE company Uganda limited started in early 2000 on 15thJune 2000 and has since become strong and stronger in the region as one of the leading building and civil engineering construction companies with extended operations in very many districts in Uganda. Multiline has carried out construction in the good and bad times of Uganda, by combining much expertise with immense local knowledge and experience. The company is self-sufficient in a majority of construction disciplines and provides employment for an average of 100 people. The long list of projects successfully completed by multiline construction bears witness to their commitment and performance in the region.

1.2

Outstanding projects under taken by the company since its foundation.

Numerous projects have been commendably executed by multiline company in Uganda and they include; Rehabilitation of NambiesoAgwata road 7km,costruction of staff house and

rehabilitation of classes in Dokolo district, construction of district health office in Dokolo, construction of seven classroom and seven stance toilets drainable toilets and Igulu primary school, to mention but a few. And currently it is constructing the above project under the ministry of education and sports.

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However multiline Uganda limited intends to maintain its northern operations based in Uganda focusing on the great north region because it has vast experience and knowledge in the region.

1.3

ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF MULTILINE COMPANY (U) LTD

Managing director

Project manager Financial controller Personal officer

Site Engineer

Secretary Account Clerk Purchasing Officer

Security Officer General Foreman

Masons

Foreman Finishes Carpenters/J oiners Foreman Fitters Foreman Plumbing

Heavy Plant Manager/Equipment

Construction supredentant Drainage and earth work Drainage

and Earth work

Foreman Electrical

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Picture 1: Side view of the building at lira nurse comprehensive school.

The responsibilities ofeach personnel at the site. The employer / contractor; The employer had the responsibility of ensuring that all machinery and equipment was in good condition and kept well-maintained. They also prepared a written statement of their policy with respect to the health and safety at work of their employees.

Project manager; this was responsible for overseeing the general progress of the works on site and he was employed by the contractor. Site Engineers and agents; Site Engineers and agents ensured that the companys policy on safety is understood by all their subordinate supervisory staff: that all work is carried out under safe conditions, and that disobedience of the rules not is tolerated. Full support was to be given to the safety officers on sit The site manager also tried to maintain a clean and tidy site as untidy site tends to cause accidents more than one which is kept in a tidy state. Drivers. Were responsible for delivery of materials required at the site at any time General foreman; He directed the day to day distribution of labour to operations. He also supervised the supply of materials, stores and disposition of plants used on site. The foreman

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also monitored labour provided by the workers in terms of time of arrival, attendances and absence of operatives.

Site Surveyor: He was obligated to measuring and taking of levels on site construction to positions (or places) where they were required. Using the leveling instruments, the surveyor measured and administered levels on block work places, formwork and reinforcements, slab, beams, retaining wall etc. Porters; These are the unskilled personnel who were recruited to do directive tasks that required no previously leant skills such as felling materials and cleaning the site. They were also assigned to help or porter skilled personnel and latter on gain skills from working with the skilled personnel.

SITE PLAN AND MAP

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CHAPTER TWO 2.0 Kickers

This generally has a dual function of the mould location the takes the shape of the formwork that is always fitted in the bottom of the formwork The kickers was made out of concrete mix of 1:2:4 (1 part of cement, 2 parts of fine aggregates and 4 parts of coarse aggregates-using sufficient amount of clean drinkable Water) Purpose of the kickers To prevent loss of cement grout form the bottom of the formwork To also help in guiding the location and fitting of the mould.

2.1

Making the curtailments for columns

This is generally the setup and combination of the reinforcement bars, tying wires and the links. The twisted reinforcement bar of diameter 16mm (Y16) mild steel strength was used for making the curtailments for columns. The stirrup of diameter 8mm was cut to appropriate length and bent with a hollow section pipe to appropriate angle. The tying wires were cut into appropriate length for convenience in tying the links into the twisted bars. The Y16 bars were then arranged in square form of 2400mmx2400mm. The links were tied at an interval of 200mm center to center.

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Fixing the curtailments for columns The curtailments were fixed vertically upwards joining with the compression lap length which was about 450mm long.

Picture 2: Fixing the reinforcement bars into the lap for compression.

2.2

Formwork for columns

This is a vertical mould or box designed and shaped such that it can resist considerable horizontal pressure during the casting of concrete. The form work was constructed in a way that the internal dimensions were within the permissible tolerance as specified by the designer. The formwork was made up of timber of different sizes. The panels forming the column were 300mmx25mm and around 2500mm long. The panels take the shape of the column to be casted. The mold was joined and fixed by using nails and hammers to bring up its shape and that was 300mmx300mm for the inner side The panels were then strengthened by the cleats, York, and vertical studs to help during the plumbing session. The formwork was the placed and fixed on the kickers leaving one side open or ease of casting the concrete.

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 After fixing the mould, it was then set and positioned by applying some preliminaries raking struts at all faces. Using the plumb bob, the mould was straightened and aligned ready to be casted Painting the inside of the mould was done to ease the removal of the formwork

2.3

Tools used for making the formwork for column Claw hammer Nails Timber Hand saw Rip saw Tape measure

Picture 3: Moulding formwork for column

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2.4

Casting of the columns

2.4.1 Mixing concrete The concrete was mixed using concrete mixing plant that was driven using fuel gas. The concrete was mixed using the mix 1:2:4 (1 part of cement, 2 parts of fine aggregates, 4 parts of coarse aggregates and sufficient amount of clean drinkable water, class 20) These materials were measured using the batch box of size 400mmx300mmx300mm. During the mixing process, the concrete mixer was allowed to rotate for about 5minutes until a uniform color was reached 2.4.2 Loading and transporting of concrete for casting The concrete was transported upto the second floor through the stares and temporary scaffolds. This was also done by putting persons in each step and transferring the concrete using the mortar pan to another person. Through this, the mortar was successfully transported to the second floor.

2.5

Placing and compacting of concrete for columns

Using the mortar pan the concrete was poured in the mould up to about 1400mm from the bottom of the mould. It was then compacted using porker vibrator until some bit of cement grout leaks from themould is was then allowed to set for some hours.

2.6

Removal of formwork for column

This was simply done using the claw hammers and the claw bars,the inside the black oil tar was applied in the inside surface of the form work to act as a releasing agent. 2.6.1 Curing of concrete The curing was done immediately after the removal of formwork using water from the tap using a pipe for about three times a day.

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2.7 Raising of the neat wall on the second floor

This was first done by plumbing in order to straighten the wall so that it guides the first course . The plumbing was done by takingthe ground floor as the reference point for laying the first course. Using the trowel, plumb bob, spirit level and cement mortar, the wall was then raised beginning with external walls using the burnt clay bricks laid using the header bond for successive courses. The picture below shows raising the wall

Picture 4: This photo below shows the students raising the neat wall on the second floor.

2.8Placing of the hoop iron

The hoop iron was placed in the external walls after every three courses of around 300mm. This was done to create a strong bonding between the external walls and tying them together by fixing the stirrups through the columns in order to tie the columns and the walls together.

2.9Fixing the window

This was first done by carrying the steel casement window temporarily up to the first floor ready to be fixed.

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2.9.1 Chiseling the walls for the position of the hold fast This was done by chiseling into the brick wall up to a depth of 150mm for ease and convenience in fixing the window through the space. The window was then fixed into the spaces by temporarily supporting the frame using the wooden wedges at all angles This picture shows how the wall was chiseled

Picture 5: The picture above shows a person chiseling

2.9.2 Plumbing of the window After placing and fixing the window, it was then plumbed on its style so that it is straight and properly aligned. This was done using the plumb bob and the spirit level. After plumbing and setting was done, then a string was stretched and aligned horizontally at the the bottom and at the top, measuring 25mm from the style to the outer face of the wall.

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Picture 6: The photo below shows one of the builders plumbing the window vertically for proper alignment

2.9.3 Infilling the space between the walls and the window frame. Using the cement mortar, trowel, the mortar was applied between the window and the wall. Its then allowed to set for some time. 2.9.4 Making of finishes of the windows Using cement mortar of mix 1:3 that is 1 part of cement, 3 parts of fine aggregates and a sufficient amount of clean drinkable water. Mortar was mixed using the tilting drum type mixer then transportedusing mortar pans for use. Mortar was forcefully applied using the trowel to the surface to be finished and left to set for some few minutes. It was then cut using the angle bar while ensuring that it rims with the plaster on the wall. The larger holes were filled with the trowel and then re-cut using the angle bar. A small portion of the surface adjacent to the frame to ease plumbing. Plumbing was then done to make it straight and it was done while putting the angle to rim with the plumb bob. The cutting was then done and then the surface was wooden floated. Lime paste was then applied using the steel float.
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 Lime was the left to set for some few minutes. It was then smooth finished using the steel float.

2.1.0

Fixing the doors

This was first done by hacking the floor slab to create convenience in fixing the door frame. The holes for fixing the holdfasts and the horns were chiseled up around 150mm deep. The door was then fixed by supporting the sides with the wooden wedges for temporary support. Using the plumb bob and the spirit level, the door was aligned and plumbed at right angle The string was then stretched and aligned horizontally across the door surface from the bottom and at the top measuring 63mm from the outer surface of the wall to the door frame.

2.1.0.1 Finishing the doors The spaces between the door frame and the walls were filled with mortar of mix 1:3 and then left to set. In finishing the doors, mortar was applied to the surface to be finished and left to set. It was then cut using the angle bar. The larger holes were then filled using the trowel and then re-cut. A small portion was then cut to ease plumbing. The angle bar was then placed flush on the cut portion then plumbed using the plumb bob to ensure its verticality. The cutting was then done following the angle bar. The surface was the wooden floated by applying little water to the surface. It was then left to set and lime paste was applied and left to set for some few minutes. It was then smooth finished using the steel float.

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2.1.1

Making the gauges for plaster.

These are marks that are normally put on the wall of required thickness to guide while plastering. The nails were then driven in to the walls and measured to the required thickness. Some sample of mortar was then applied to cover the nails and the leveled to flush on the nails. This was one on all the faces of the wall.

2.1.2

Plastering the walls

After making the gauges, then mortar was applied on all the faces of the wall, taking the gauges as the reference to make it leveled. This was done using the trowel and allowing it to set for some minutes before cutting. The applied mortar was then trimmed using the angle bar or straight edge to uniformity in the face of the wall until it is leveled with the face of the gauge. The verticality of the plaster was checked using the plumb bob to ensure alignment and efficiency of the surface. The surface was the wooden floated to bring a fair level surface. This was done by using the wooden float after sprinkling some water on the surface. White lime paste was the applied to the surface by using the steel float to make surface smooth.. Tools used for plastering include; a hand trowel, wooden float, straight edge, steel float & plumb bob.

Cement 1 1

Sand 3 4

Application For external wall and plastering For internal wall

Table 1: Table above shows material used and there quantities.

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Wooden float Builders trowel Plumb bob Straight edge Steel float

Smoothening the surface. Placing and handling mortar. Ensuring that plaster is at 90. Removing excess mortar on the wall. Further smoothening and rendering.

Table 2: The table above shows some materials and their uses.

2.1.3

Plastering the ceiling

Mortar mix of 1:3 that is 1 part of cement, 3 parts of fine aggregate and a sufficient amount of clean drinkable water was used for the ceiling. The gauge of 15mm thick was put at the spacing of about 1500mm apart. The surface was rough casted using the rough casting box to provide a key between the surface and the mortar. Mortar was then applied to a required thickness on the ceiling surface and allowed to set for some few minutes and then cut using the straight edge to level the surface of the ceiling. The surface was the floated using the wooden float. White lime paste was then applied after allowing the floated surface to set for some minutes.

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2.1.4

THE CORNICE

This is normally a design in between the plaster coat and the ceiling coat. It is purposely for closing the gap between the ceiling and the plaster. It was made using cement mortar of mix 1:3 and sufficient amount of water. Using trowel, the mortar was applied covering the angle between the wall and the ceiling. It was then allowed to set for some minutes before the cutting and shaping process was done. A straight piece of wood was placed on both the wall and the ceiling and cut according to the thickness of that piece of timber. The surface was leveled using the straight edge. The surface was then floated using the wooden float.it was then smooth finished using the trowel. Mortar was then applied at the sharp most corner of the cornice then smoothened using a cut piece of plastic pipe. A piece of wood measuring 125mm was put at the center of the conic to balance the cornice in between the ceiling and the wall. A mark was then demarcated using that piece of wood. This was done at the corners of the room. A building line smeared with white lime powder and then stretched from one corner to another where the marks are. It was then slightly pulled from the middle and left at once so that the corniceis marked by the white lime powder. It was then cut by using a straight piece of timber and trowel while following the marks. At the corner a quarter a circle was made using a piece of wire bent and adjusted so that its radius measures 200mm. it was then placed where the two lines on the ceiling meet. The quarter circle was successfully made at all the corners. The cutting was then done using the trowel while following the marks. It was then re smoothened using the cut piece of pipe.

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The picture below was taken while making the cornice

Picture 7: Is showing how the cornice was made

2.1.5

RING BEAM

Making the curtailment for the ring beam A twisted reinforcement bar of diameter 12mm was used together with the stirrups of diameter 8mm together with the tying wires. The stirrup was cut to an appropriate length and bent using a hollow pipe. The links were bent to form 170mm square. The twisted bar was then arranged and placed to make a square and the links were tied using the tying wires at the interval of 200mm cc. After the formwork was made, the curtailment was then placed into the mould following the perimeter of the building ready for casting.

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The caption below shows how the form work was made

Picture 8: Formwork and reinforcement bars for beam

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The figure below shows the formwork for insitu lintel Section of formwork

Concrete cover 40x25mm Stirrup R 10 Reinforcement bar Y 16 Side board 300x25mm Cleat 75x50mm Head tree 100x50 Starts 100x50mm

Prop 100x75 Folding wages Sold piece 200x50mm

Figure 1:shows the section of ring beam for lintel

2.1.6

Casting the ring beam

A concrete mi x of 1:2:4 class 20 was poured into the mould, using the poker vibrator , the concrete was then compacted together. It was then allowed to set for some hours. The formwork was then removed a day after casting and the curing was done by sprinkling water using the hose pipe.

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2.1.7 CONSTRUCTION OF OVERBEAM

The cement sand mortar of mix 1:4 was then used to bond the header bricks to about three courses over the ring beam.
The picture was taken while constructing over beam

Picture 9: Shows how over beam was raised

2.1.8

CONSTRUCTION OF SECOND RING BEAM

After the curtailment and the formwork were made, the curtailment was then fixed into the formwork ready to becasted. The concrete of class 20 was then poured into the mould and compacted using a poker vibrator. The formwork was removed a day after casting for ease of curing The second beam was purposely made in order to receive the baseplates that helped to receive the fot of the rafters

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2.1.9 FIXING OF BASE PLATES

These were fixed and casted together with the second beam to an appropriate distance especially for the common rafters The measurement for spacing of the base plates was around 233omm c/c .Holes were made at the edges of the plates that were made of steel to allow the bolts be driven in order to fix the plate into the curtailment and to be casted Uses of the base plates These were designed in order to receive the foot of the rafter since the wall plates were not used instead the second beam could act as the wall plate The picture below shows some of the base plates ready to be fixed

Picture 10: Base plates ready for use

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CHAPTER THREE 3.0 RESULTS OF FINDINGS

The raining was very successful and during the course of the training, I learnt the following things I have learnt how to apply mortar for plaster and ceiling I have also learnt how to cast and compact concrete using porker vibrater I have also learnt how to make the form work for both columns and beams I have also learnt how to lay bricks both in header and stretcher bond I have also learnt how to socialize with people and interact freely with them

3.1 CHALLENGES FACED DURING THE TRAINING

However though the training had been successful, some of the problems that were faced are as below The problem of how to handle certain tools of for work i.e., trowel plum bobetc The main challenge was also the effect of weather. This greatly affected work so much There was also delay in the supply of materials. This slowed down the phase of work Due to unstable income, work was brought to a standstill .This also affected work so much Also using the scaffold was also very challenging that one of the trainees almost fell Language barrier was also one of the main challenges faced especially during assemblies and instructions of work

3.2

SOLUTIONS TO THESE PROBLEMS

However, some of the possible solutions were discovered and these includes Language barrier was solved by ensuring one social language The problem of materials was solved by bringing the materials always on time ready for work Everyone was encouraged to by his or her own tools to avoid steeling each others tools.
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CHAPTER FOUR 4.0 CONCLUSION

I am so privileged and grateful that the two month training went on successfully and I have gained a lot from it .I just want to thank MULTILINE COMPANY for giving me the opportunity for training with them. Likewise I would also like to appreciate the national diploma examining body called UBTEB for emphasizing the issue of industrial training and I would like to encourage theto always continue with it

4.1

RECOMMENDATION

I would like to appreciate and encourage the national diploma examining body to always continue with assessing the students ability through the issue of industrial trainsig I would also like to encourage most of the companies in Uganda to always provide industrial training vacancies to the students. A maximum thanks goes to all the staff members of MULTILINE COMPANY for appreciating and considering me and making me train with them.

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