Text #2

D-G-hP-n-TG
y-G-GZ--t-z-G-G t-z-G P--P--n-TGGZ--hP-G-GZ--h-P-DGTG--h-q-GP-m-m -z;i--q t-z-G-h P-m-P--n-TG-GZ--h-q-m-Gm-H-z-V-P--Zm-z-hP- G-GZ--h-q-m--z-P--e--z-m m-P-DGTG--h-q-m-V-h-q-+h-VZP--h--z-hm-m-q-IhG T-GP-q-h

Direct Translation (Word by Word):

mouth eye and ear
child two old man an to. old man, we all-to ear two each and eye two each have but mouth one
only why have? quotation asked to. old man that. I-by point of view we-to ear two each have so
people other advice more listen to say and. eye two each have so respectable conduct to more
observe to say is. Having said that mouth one only as for meaningless talk less to tell to say-by
meaning seems is. quotation said did.

Full Translation:
Mouth, Eyes and Ears

Two children asked an old man. "Old man, we all have two ears and two eyes, but how come we
only have one mouth?" The old man answered, "my point of view is that we have two ears so we
can better listen to other people's advices, and we have two eyes so we can better observe other
people's respectable conduct. Having said that, it seems to me that we have only one mouth so we
have less means of engaging in meaningless talk".
The title of the story shows how there is often no need to separate words with comma like in
English. The word for mouth"- and the word for eye 1m#- are not separated. Although the word +
$- can be used for same purpose as comma is in English, it is not required here.
The first two words in the story are Js-]o-#(m=- and the meaning is "child two". The word "child"
is not written "children" because it is followed by the number "two", which acts as a plural
marker. This is very common in Tibetan, e.g. "child many", rather than "children many". The
particle <m- is the genitive case particle. (}-0}- literary means "paternal grandfather", but is used
as a polite way of addressing any old man. For further politeness Tibetans attach ;#=- to the name,
or to the word used to address another person. <m#- is the indefinite article "an". In Tibetan the
indefinite article is written in three ways, depending on the last letter in the word it follows. The
other two are %m#- and 6m#- In this case the last letter is the secondary suffix =- which requires
<m#- to be used. This is then followed by the word ; which in this case means "to", and implies
that the children asked "to" the old man. Note that the verb "to ask" does not come until much
later. First the question posed by the children is given, and then finally comes the verb "to ask".

What comes now is the children's question. It starts by simply addressing the old man which then
is followed by k. In this case the k is like a comma in English, rather than full stop. What then
follows is the actual question. The question starts with the personal pronoun $- "I", which by
adding the plural marker 3~- to it, means "we". The word 3$-1- (all) has a :- attached to it which is
the locative case ("all-to"). When there is no suffix this case particle is attached to the last letter in
the last syllable of the word it follows. M-%}#- is an alternating spelling of M-U}#- which means
"ear". When numbers qualify nouns, such as "two ears", it will be placed after the noun. The
number #(m=- (two) comes next, hence "ear two" The word :{- means "each", but when combined
with the word "two", it could be translated as "pair" ("pair of ears"). Then comes the connector +
$- (and), and the word 1m#- (eye), followed by "two each" or "pair" again. 9}+- is the verb to
have, the sentence up to now is therefore "we all-to ear two each and eye two each have". <$- is
one of two connectors which can be translated as "but, yet, although" etc, the other two are 9$and 8$-. Again it is the last letter of the previous word which determine which of those is used. "means here mouth and it is followed by the numerical #%m#- (one), which then is followed by the
word ;=-1{+-.- (only). #$- means here "why" or in a more flavored translation, "how come". The
question then wraps up with the verb 9m,- (is) and the connector ,1-, which is one of eleven
connectors in literary Tibetan, which serve as the question mark does in English. ,1- is only used
after words ending with ,-. Then comes the connector 6{=- which serves the same purpose as
quotation mark does in English. In Tibetan the quotation mark is put after the quote, which can
make it hard to find where the quotation started. This is especially true when the quotation
consists of many phrases, rather than just one sentence as in this text. Then, finally comes the verb
"to ask" in the past tense, with the case particle :- attached to it.

Next sentence goes "Old man that". It simply indicates that what follows is the reply from the
previously referred old man. Again the verb "said" or "answered" is placed after the actual reply.
The reply starts with $=-A=-,- which literary means "I by do if", it can be translated "according to
me" or "my point of view". $-3~:- is "I" with the plural marker, making it "we", and the case
particle :- attached to it, making it "we-to". M-%}#-#(m=-:{-9}+-.- is repeating the children's
question. The phrase connector ,m- can have two meanings. It can act as a separator, in which
case it would not be directly translated, or it is used to emphasize something. In this case it's used
to emphasize the reason for us having two ears and two eyes. In translation here it simply renders
"so", but could also have been translated "as for" (as for having two ears...). Then comes the old
man's opinion on why we have two ears. It starts with the word 1m- (people), followed by the
word #6,- (other) and the genitive case particle >m-. It's direct meaning is therefore "people
other's", but in English the words are swapped and the translation becomes "other people's". 0=18&:- means advice, it's made up of the the word 0=1-.- (to mind or to think), and 8&:-0- (to rise or
to emerge). 1$- is from the word 1$-.}- (many), and together with the particle 21- means "a little
bit more", but here it is translated "better". (},- is the imperative form of the verb "to listen". What
follows is then another verb, 7{:-0- (to say). This verb is not the final verb meaning "the old man
said", that will come much later. Rather, it means that if you were to say the old man's opinion,
you would say what came previously in the sentence. Thus, "If you were to say my opinion, it
would be we have two ears so we can... etc". This kind of construction is quite common in
Tibetan, in translation it kind of just drops out, because it does not add anything to the meaning
and the translation would look strange.

After the connector "and", comes the old mans view on why we have two eyes. This phrase
follows exactly the same structure as the phrase about the ears. The word 9-:0=- means "good
behavior" or to spice it a bit, "respectable conduct", and W- is the verb "to watch" or "observe".
Otherwise this sentence has the same words as the previous sentence, except the final verb 9m,which is the first person for "to be" or in this case "is" (My point of view is...).

Next sentence starts with the word 8},-<$-. This word can be translated in various ways, such as
"Nevertheless..." and "Yet...", here it is translated as "Having said that...". "-#%m#-;=-1{+-.(mouth one only) has been explained, and so has ,m-. Then comes a new word, &}-1{+-.(meaningless) with the genitive particle 8m- attached to it, which indicates that what follows is
modified by the word "meaningless". That which follows is then the word !+-&- (talk), ^p$-21(less) and <}+- (to tell about), hence "meaningless talk less to talk about", or "less means to
engage in meaningless talk". Again comes the word 7{:-0-, the meaning and reason for this word
here is the same as in previous sentences. +},- means "meaning", in this case it is: "the meaning
of why we have only one mouth is...". This word is not included in the final translation, as that
does not add anything to the sentences. Possible it could have been translated using the word
"reason", the sentence would then have been: "Having said that, it seems to me that the reason we
have only one mouth..." 9m,-.-8H- is the word "seems" or "appears" and here it conveys the

meaning that the old man is not sure if his view is correct or not. The old man's reply then ends
with the final verb 8`o#- , "to be" or "is". After the vertical strokes comes then the equivalent of
quotation mark %{=-. We saw earlier the connector 6{=- used for this same purpose. %{=- is used
after words ending with #- , +- and 0-. Then finally comes the word #=v$=-.- (past tense of the
verb to say), and the text ends with the final verb :{+-. This last part is then what is placed before
the old man's reply in the translation, "The old man answered".
Text #2

JP-Vm-H-hI--m-q
Sm-H-h--IP-Gz-TG-GmP-h-JP-Vm----z-GTGkh--hTP- --GP-I-xm-m-GG-q-z=-M-GG-WG-h-ez
D-Zme--z-z-G-G-P-DP-zMhm-I-G-h
--G-o-DGP-q-h-dG-q-P-DP-mP-h-oAP-h-q-hP- -z-z-P-Mm-hz--G-e-H-h h-e-m-m-P--G-z-D-GZIG-q-V-q-G-b-H
h-i--m-Z---z-hP--z--zBm-P- Zm-GTG-ez--G-q-z-z-hP-Hm-V-Z-Dm-GG-q-S-q-m-D-h-iG-q-z
-z-z-DP-F-h-h-Pm-zkh-h

+z-h---S-zm-P-mP-DP-G-mP-o-DG-P-q-hzAP
m-P--z-z--eM-w-zG-e JP-Vm-H-o--DzzG-q-h ---fG-Vh-h-hI-m-hh-Vm-q-P.
h-zdmD-GP-I-h-xm-m-h-V-JPo-P-q-GP-E-b -P-DPh-P-m-h-V-Gb-z-hP. HmV-G-q-V-P-h-G-GDP-
-z-z-zz--G-qh-Vh-h-I-P-P-Vm-q-GbPhG-P-z-h
Direct Translation (Word by Word):
elephant of revenge
formerly to time in village a in elephant Ramu called one lived did. Ramu river near to went for
body washing going habit used to do since. he by every day tailor a of store pass by went did.
Ramu of trunk long that every time store into reach all-by-it-self did and. tailor by also used to
eat-to a give did. that like did from time long not take they two friend close a to became.
like that doing by day to month and month to year passed even. day one unfortunate to tailor and
cloth-buyer a morning early from argument heated had therefore. tailor anger immeasurable risen
from stayed had.
time that at Ramu as usually came by store into trunk long that stretched. rather than tailor by food
give to instead elephant of trunk needle stuck did. Ramu very hurting therefore revenge wanted
greatly became. therefore he by river near to went to muddy water trunk long full carried to. again
store that by came to muddy water sprayed and. cloth new all mudd covered by filled. tailor by
lesson good this for cost also great cost spent needed happened.

Full Translation:
The Elephant's Revenge
Once up on a time there lived in a village an elephant called Ramu. Ramu used to go every day to
the riverbank for a bath. On his way there he would pass by a tailor's store and he would always
reach with his long trunk into the store and the tailor would give him something to eat. It did not
take long time for the two of them to become good friends.
It went on like this, the days become months and months became years. One day the tailor was not
feeling well. He had a heated argument with one of his customers earlier that morning and was
sitting there in an extremely angry mood.
At that time Ramu came by the tailor's shop as usually. He stuck his trunk into the store, but
instead of giving him some food the tailor stuck a needle into his trunk. Ramu felt much pain from
the sting and resolved to take a revenge. He went to the riverbank and filled it's trunk with muddy
water and carried it back to the store. He then sprayed it on all the new cloths and everything was
covered in mud. The tailor had to learn a good lesson and also suffer great loss.

Text #3

P-m-z-hP-wG-m
Sm-H-h--P-m-z-G-VP-G-mP-h-P-q-hP.
V-MmiG-q-G-G-MP-P--E-mV-mP-h-h-Iz--q-h +zh-F--P-kP-G-eP-mwG-m-GTG-zkh-h-q-h
wG-m-H-P-m-z-G-GZm-D-fG-q-h-fP-z-hP.
PkP-G-eP-m--G-G-z;G-eP-m-z-Z-I-h-GG h-mP-m-z--G-KP--G-

m wG-m-H-D-G-zBzq-fG-X-V--q-h
Zm---X--Sm-H-wGm-h-P-P-kP-G-G-KP-zkh-h Qm-q-GTG-P-m-wGm---h-G-Iz-h-q-+z
P-m-z-wG-m--Zm-D-Vmq-h-q-fP-z-hP. Qm-q-Gq--zMz-q-h D-m-G-Vmq--zh-q-+h-Pm--z--h-h-P---G wG-m-H-+hT-h-G-m-fG-P--w-zQm-q-zh-fz-h h-i--m-Pm-z-im-Vm-wG-m-HG-zBz-b-im-m-W-z-h
Direct Translation (Word by Word):
bee and dove
formerly to time in bee a pond into fell and. current strong a by distance long to carried to water of
into drown almost did. time that at near by tree on dove one sat. dove by bee life of danger to met
that saw and. tree by on from branch a picked and bee to nearby threw. that from bee by branch of
on climbed after. dove by his life protecting for thanks offered did.
day few of after former dove that tree a on sat. hunter one came to dove at shoot about to did at
that time. bee by dove to danger great had saw and. hunter to hand of stung did. he by pain great
not tolerate to cry out let not only gun also earth to fell. dove by cry that heard from distance long
to flew by hunter by kill able not. like that did from bee by kind great dove to life protect and
payback fulfilled did.

Full Translation:
The Bee and the Dove
Once up on a time a bee fell into a pond. It was carried long distance by strong current and was
about to drown. At that time a dove was sitting in a nearby tree. The dove saw the bee's live was
in danger. It picked a branch from the tree and threw it nearby the bee. The bee climbed onto the
branch and thanked it's live saver.
Few days later the dove was sitting on a tree. A hunter came there and was about to shoot the
dove. The bee saw the dove was in great danger and stung the hunter in his hand. The hunter cried
out in pain and dropped the gun. The dove heard the cry and flew far away so the hunter was
unable to kill it. In this way the bee repaid the kind dove for saving it's life.

Text #4

VG-O-m-ez-G-h
Sm-H-h--P-q-G--yG-G-h-TP y-G-n-dGb-mP-FG-D-m-zMz-m-kh-h
P-q-h-D--Vfm-PP-Gm-hG-q-z-GfP-P--P-wm--GP-P-h-qH
Zm-GTG-w-Lm-h-V--Z-zZ-F-eP-h-G-+z-y-GG-hm-h-z-m hG-q-VGq-GTG-E-G-T-zh
D-MG-q-VG-q-G-E-P-zhP-y-G---zm-GTG-b-

zTG-+z D---P-zTG-fzh
P-q-L-q-VG-q-h-zGb-zTG-e -P-P-@P---m-GTG-b-zTG-q-y-GVP--h-P---q-zTGfz-q-h
h-h-P-q-L-q-zXhhmz--e-hP.GTG-O-Hm-G--hG-q-n-Z-hzk-m-Eh---P-GTG-fz--hG-G m-P-MG-q---m-Eh-P----qzTG-fz-P- h-mP-zm-Eh-GTG-O-fG-Gm-q-m-mx--hI-z--GP-G-zzT-GbP-fz---h G-b-Eh-FG-h-D-m-zMz-m-DGDG-b-zkh-m-Gm-H-ez-zhq-w-Z-GbP-G-h-T-zh
h-m-zP-z-n--w-zz-h--zG-m-V-q-PP-Gmq-h
Direct Translation (Word by Word):
unity as for strength is

formerly to time in farmer a to child three had. children always in quarrel only did-by stayed did.
farmer that-by they-to friendly harmony-state-be need-of advice gave times-many-did but benefit
result whatsoever not had.
day one father old that death-to near bed-of on top-of remained at that time child three in front-of
called and. stick bundle one bring here quotation said. they-by stick bundle a carry-came and child
one-at-a-time to break to-do let at that time. they no one break able were. farmer old-by bunch that
take-apart let and. Again stick each do-and break to let result-of child youngest that even easily at
break able was.
time that at farmer old-by said meaning sons look unity-of power strength to sticks together at tied
if you no one break able to not. Never the less stick each do if you-by easily-to break able were.
that like you unified on remain do if outside enemy no one bully do able to not is. if you quarrel
dispute only do from separated in stay if other by easily by defeat do quotes said
that after began sons-by father-by advice mind to kept in from agreement-in of state remained in
did.

Full Translation:
Unity is Strength
Once up on a time there was a farmer who had three children. The children were always fighting
amongst themselves. The farmer often advised them to live in harmony, but always in vain.
One day the father lay on his death bed. He called the three children to his bedside and asked them
to bring a bundle of sticks. They brought the bundle of sticks and the farmer asked each of them to
try to break the bundle. None of them was able to do so. The farmer then told them to take apart
the bundle and break each stick. Now even the youngest child could break them easily.
At this time the old farmer said. "See my sons, the power of unity. As long as the sticks were tied
together, none of you were even close to breaking them. But when they were taken apart, each of
you could easily break them. In the same way if you are united, no outside enemy will be able to
bully you. But if you fight and stay separated, others will easily defeat you".
The sons took their father's advice to heart and lived peacefully after that.

Text #5:

-zP---hG

G-G-G-M-q-G--zx--Dm-H-GG-q-P-q-h-qh m-P.M-q-GG-q-n--TP-G-kG-q-GbP-G-h ZmGTG-Z-Vh--G-fz--GGq-G-fG-P---m-G-wGGTG-b-z-m-zkh

h-hP-q--G-z-@P-q--G-q-P-G-G-m-G-iG-q+h-Pm-OG-zm-h-z-qh GG-q--ez-Vm-qPP---h-zbm-q-P-G-m-GiG-b-xm
m-P-GG-q-h-P-m-zP--m
M-qD-fG-P-h--q-Z-q-P-GeG-q-G-G-hm-h-GGhG-q-z;-GmP-z-h
UG--z+-z-h--h-P--eh--zem-M-I-OG-P.
h-h-GP--GTG-UG-i-K-x-z-hP.P-G-h-fm D-P-O-Vm-q-zOG-P-Gz-km-q-PP-GG-q-h-G-qU-kG-zMz-q--z---m--q-h P-G-GG-q--q-G-

z-h-M-q---q-H-P-Mm-GP-m--h
h-m-GG-q-W-e--mP-G-G-q--eP-hP.
Dm-zP---Sm--G-wG-mPh-GP-i--m-Gm-h-q h-X-PG-eG-q-G--e-hG-qz;-GmP-z-G--Gm--nM-q- M-q--M-h-hGf-+z-h--TP-G-e-GG-qhP-P-G-GZ-;-Jh-I-GmP-zh
Direct Translation (Word by Word):
action good to rewards
Greek-of king a to assistant-giver-of servant many had did. nevertheless king-by servants-to
extremely-of badly treated did. day one punishment from avoid method-to servant a far away-to
escaped after cave one-at hide in stayed. time long not passed-between leg-to thorn sticking-by
lion a pain great-of scream out -ing (as in screaming) there-to came did. servant-by mind-strength
great-of state thorn that took out lion-of pain recovered. but servant that again captured did from.
king-by he distance long-to fled of punishment-of lion hungry a front-of throw should-to ordered
did.
iron fence surrounded-by theatre that-to public to show to preparation did but. time a while after
cage-of door opened and lion that down came. he-by intense roar great let-out but with-respect
servant that-to hand-of licked but eat at all did not. lion-by servant-to did respect that-of king
surprised-by became but reason why knew not.
that after servant-by in what way lion-to helped how and. he captured did not before cave in how
lived. that after lion hungry a to give(feed) must-to order given situations king-to said. king-by
story that heard at-that-time mind extremely satisfied servant and lion both free granted did.

Full Translation:
A Good Deed is Rewarded
A Greek king had many hard working servants. Nevertheless he treated them very harshly. One
day one of the servants escaped to avoid punishment, and took a shelter in a cave far away. Not
long time had passed when a lion came there screaming in pain because it had a thorn stuck in its
leg. The servant took out the thorn very boldly and the lion felt relived from the pain. But then the
servant was again captured and the king ordered that he should be thrown before a hungry lion for
running away.
A public show was arranged in an arena, which was encircled by a fence. After a while the door of
the cage was opened and the lion came out. It let out a mighty roar, but with gratitude licked the
hand of the servant. The king was at loss to know why the lion had acted in such a strange way.
The servant explained how he had helped the lion, and lived with it in the cave before he was
captured and ordered to be thrown for a hungry lion. The king was very moved by the story and
granted both the slave and the lion freedom.

Text #6

uP-IP-km-q-E-uP.
iP-P-hGP--Vm-q-z-qG-P-mG-zMh-m-wz-q+z UG-i-mP-h-h-q-eGTG-hP-yh-q-h
eG-h-iP-PfP-z-hP-D-P-x-Jh-G--z-P-P-fm-q eG--P-XB-m-iP-P-G-UG-i-K-x-zh D-UG-i-x--z-q-hPiP-P-z-z--q
iP-P-GEh-P--F-h-TG-h-T-zhm P-G-Bz-fz- P-GZ-Gm--h--Tm-Gm-G--

fG-GTh-GmP-G--z-I-z--zXh-q
eG-G-P-he--M--fm--q-h
D-GZ-hP-q-P-Vz-P-kPG-G-I-h-xm-q-hP. h--Lmq-n-P--F-h--eG-h
PD--dG-b-Iz-z-vh-P-D-P--G-n-GTh--hG-Tzh
h-X-iP-P-hP-eG-GZ-z-JPGTG-hP-yh
z-JP-h-P-D-mzhG--m-q-G-m-zkh-h GPG--m-z-JP-G--;--fG-P. --vh-q--h-h-hP-Z-zlPG-V-GbP-G-h h-zdm-JPG-iP-P-h-z--q-G-hT-
h-m-iP-P--z-h-m-E-uPG-G-I-h-+h-V-i-z-wz EuP-G-eG-G--z--uh-h-fP-z-iP-P--P-X-B-b
P-Eh-GZ--G-i-h-PeP-V-P-fP-z-X--fG-GTh-M-m--E-uP-G-z
D--G--V-h-z-+zE-uP-G-eG-Vm-q-GTG-UG-i-

VP-VP-h-i-P-fz-q-h;-zXh-q-hP.
eG-G-UG-i-mPh-VP-m-D-P-P-G-h-q-hzem E-uP-G-J-z-h-UGi-K-zMz-b-iP-P-hP-Z-h-fGP-G--xm-q-h
Direct Translation (Word by Word):
wise had-by jackal
Brahmin age old-to arrived a forest through traveled at that time. cage-of inside confined-of tiger
a and encountered did. tiger that Brahmin saw and he himself outside release help asked
repeatedly. tiger-to compassion arose and Brahmin-by cage-of door opened did. he cage-of
outside came and Brahmin eat intended did. Brahmin-by you shameless a are said and. own life
save means-of to. I-two of situation this animal other a to decide help ask for go (quotation) idea
expressed and. tiger-by also like that to-do agreed did.
he-two first Bodhi tree a near-to went and. that person older (plural) shameless only are. I-by
they-for always shade-cool give but they my branches cut do (quotation) said.
that-after Brahmin and tiger two bull one met. bull that also his owner-to fed up and living do. ifyou-ask-why-it-is-because bull-by work hard do but. food not give and-not-only-that-but still
beating hard give do. therefore bull-by Brahmin this eat right a is (quotation) said.
that-after Brahmin hope loosing and jackal a near-to ask question-to went. jackal-by tiger-to
wicked-of ways that saw and Brahmin-to compassion arose and. I-by you two-of problem this-to
how-it-happened all seen after decide-to will (quotation) jackal-by said.
they three place that-to arrived at-that-time jackal-by tiger big one cage small like-this fit able-to
difficult (quotation) expressed and. tiger-by cage-to inside jumped and he himself fit did that
showed. jackal-by quickly-to cage door closed and Brahmin and together distance-long place-to
went did.

Full Translation:
The Wise Jackal
An old Brahmin was traveling through a forest. He came up on a tiger that was trapped in a cage.
The tiger saw the Brahmin and begged him to release him from the cage. The Brahmin took pity

on the tiger and opened the cage to let him out. On coming out the tiger wanted to eat the
Brahmin. The Brahmin said, "You are shameless". In order to save his live he suggested they go
and ask other animal to decide the matter. The tiger agreed.
They first came by a tree. The tree said that all men are shameless. "I give them cool shade but
still they cut off my branches".
Next the Brahmin and the tiger met a bull. The bull also said that he was tired of his masters. "I
work hard but they give me little food and they even beat me harshly. Therefore I think it's right
of the tiger to eat the Brahmin" he said.
The Brahmin was now loosing all hope. He then consulted a jackal. The jackal had compassion
for him and saw through the wickedness of the tiger. The jackal said he would decide the case
once he had seen how it all had happened.
When the three of them came were the cage was, the jackal expressed doubt that such a big tiger
could fit in such a small cage. The tiger jumped into the cage to show that he could fit in there.
The jackal at once shut the door of the cage and together with the Brahmin went far away.

Text #7

IG-q-G
Sm-IG-q-G-P-mGh-h-I-+z-G-G-qhP-DG-TG-h-q-h DP-G-hG-fG-Vh-m-zG-z-V-
-zMz-M-fG-GTh-
GP-
-m-D--Ih-DG--TP-eG-qhP-GTG-Z-I-H-IP-zl-m-m-q-zbP- D-h-q-P-IGq-GZ--D--z-X-zhm-G-n-D--GZ-P--zGz-MG-M-I-Pm-
m-PxG-Gm-m--m
IP-zl--I-

Dm-h-G-V-P-D-P--fz-VhD-G-MG-h-z-b-G--n-hG-G D-x-z-q-hP-IGq-GZ--zh-q-hP-
h-m-DGZ--Sm--G--zG-qhG-Tm-H-D-G-h-z-q-zdm-Jz-h--m G-n-S-zmG-q-h
Direct Translation (Word by Word):
friend three
once friend three forest middle-at go at-that-time gold-filled-of money purse a found did. they
three happy and divide equally decide did. awhile after they extremely hungry and one nearby
town from food bring-to send. he absence during friend two-by he here arrived after kill and gold
(plural) only-to divide to-do discuss bad did. however point other from do if. town-to-goer that
gold all himself win-to food full-eat and remains-to poison put. he returned and friend two-by
killed and. that-after he two-by before gold not divide instead poisoned food that ate because-ofthat all of a sudden die and. gold (plural) before like remained did.

Full Translation:
Three Friends
Once three friends were traveling through a forest. They came up on purse filled with gold. They
became very happy and decided to split the gold evenly amongst them. They felt hungry and sent
one of them to nearby town to bring food. In his absence the two left behind plotted to kill him on
his return and divide the gold between themselves. On the other hand, the man who had gone to
the town, ate his share of the food and poisoned the rest, so he could have the gold all to himself.
When he returned the two friends killed him. But before dividing the gold, they ate the poisoned
food and died soon after. So the gold is still where they found it.

Text #8

zh-K---zP.

Sm-P-q-GTG---G-Pm y-G-P--Zm-e--xG-qG-G-K-hm-h-I-zOGm-zG-z-G-fz-h--h
hh-P-q--G-z-GG-q-zG-z-P-q-E-P-z-hP- yG-n--zG-z-V--h-G-fz-mP-FG-G-V-MG-G-h
m-P-z--VP-VP-G-h-q-h-fz--zMz-q-PP-Mh-P-q--zP--zKG-b zG-z-VP-h-E-m-I-G-h
Zm-GTG--S-Mm-e-zGz-VP--h-E-m-P.
Eh-z-m-zG-z-Gbz-+zh-mP-m-K-zT-h-q-h
-J-z-h-xG-q-h-I-hhP-K-n-G-q-xm
xG-q-h-z--VP-VP-G-iP-q-q-m-b-hG-e
K-zT-h-h-hP-Qm-q-K-Z--GmP-zh
Text #9

Fh-MG-Dm-hP-zP-z
S-hG-G-Fh-Dm-G-zP-z-GTG-hP-E-GTG-h
zP-

z-D-Hm-V-n-GP-I-hw-B--m-h-q-hP.E-m-DP-q-P-G-h
Zm-G-E---GP-P--ez-D-DP-F-P-b h-hGP-@m--G-G-DP-q-Gb-z+z-E-+h--zMz-q-oP-h-zbP-z-h m-P-zP-z-m-P-GG-z-h-m-zhG--zem-hhVm-q-h h-i-P-P-D-@m-h-fP-z-hP-+h-G-Vm-q-zMz
zP-z-+h--Fh-MG-Dm-hGZh-h-q -P-b-GP--zeP-DP-q-mP-h--GP-P-fP-Mh
h-zdm-D-zP-z-+h-Pm--zlP-q-hP. E-m-Z-mGh---z-h
Direct Translation (Word by Word):
cloth washer and donkey
once cloth washer a-to donkey one and dog a had. donkey his cloth (plural) river near to carry
towards take did and dog night house guard do. day one dog-to food any not give he anger arise
and. that night thief a house damaged at-that-time dog-by sound not caused attention-to not set
did. on-the-other-hand donkey self-by selflessness that owner-to show desire big has. therefore
because he-by thief that saw and sound loud made. donkey-of noise-by washer that woke-up-by.
stood-up-by and everywhere looked but house-of inside nobody still saw not-did. therefore he-by
donkey-to scream let go beating and. dog sleep-by laughter let go did.

Full Translation:

The Cloth Washer and the Donkey

Once upon time there was a washerman that had a donkey and a dog. The donkey carried his
clothes to the river and the dog guarded the house at night. One day the dog was given nothing to
eat, and that made him angry. That same night a thief broke into the house. The dog did not bark.
On the other hand, the donkey desired to show his owner loyalty. Therefore when he saw the
thief, he made a loud noise. The washerman was woken up by this and went out of bed only to
find that nobody was in the house. He shouted at the donkey and beat him. But the dog laughed in
his sleep.

Text #10

k-H-P-ez
-q-b--q-m--;-^-m^-M-q-G-m-
DP-hG--GTG-h-q-m-DP-PG-M-Dz-hm-W-hzP-G-mP-hzP-fz-q--M-h-h h-xDP-G-hI-q-hP-Z-h-hGFG-m-P--fP-P-q--P-
dG-q-w-Z-P-G-h
f-M-q-hG-MG-M--zbP-m
D-P-P-mG--h---b-GwG-TG-b-z-m-zkh
Zm-G-M-q--w-PP-Gmq- J-z-h-k-GTG-kfG-fm-+z-fG-G-m--G-b
D-t-;-G-q-k-fG-Dm-m-xP-xP--G-q-fP. kH-k-fG-fm--h-z-Vh--

G-fz-P-m-P-h--P. fP---S--P----h-zP.
k-im-q-f-b-GP---qhP. M-q--m-B-zm-h-Tm-B-z-h--P-zh-zm-h--h-
m-P-DP--hG-q-G-
k-H-hz--P-m-k-P-h-z
z-Iz-z-P--Vm-qG-q
f--I-Vm-q-PPk-P-z-fz-q-P.
h-M-q--TP-hG-z--VPGm-VP-zMz h-m-DP-G-zq G-b--Tm-VP-G-h-ez-zh-zm-P-P--m-M-D-fzm P--G-G-M-D-m--fzq-T-G-h--m
-Phm-W-hI-hG-hP-P-q fPh-DP-G-M-Dz--P-hzP-fz-qh
Text #11

i-H-G-N
P-q-G--F-h-hP-Ghz-im-h-Dm-H-i-G-hTP- F-m-D-IP-Gz-m-MP-

fG-P--h-h-ez-i--hq-Yh-h-Vm-q-z+-z-hP-
Yh-h-Vm-q-E-m-I-+zi-h-P-P-fP-Vh--h
Zm-G-F--I-+z-@P-q-ihzl--m-i-V-mP-h-H-zhP.
h-q-V-P-m-q-VG-qh m-P-P-q-i--P-mhm-h-zBh F-h-z-Iz-h+z-i-H---h-q--TP-Ph-xm-q--oP-P. GP-m-m h-q-m--m-q-hP-iV-mP-h-H-+z--m-qVG-m-z-z-h
h-e-i--fz--G-h-qhP-
D-V-mP-h--m-PG-K-q-D-q-h-P-h-GbPfz-h--h
h-h-P-q-G-z-i-H-G-N-h-P-q-m
D--zz--G-MG-hhVm-q-P.
P-Zm-h-D-i------z-q-e-wh-P-q-G-hP-
-Ghm-G--z;-m-S-Mmzm-F--xm i-H-S-eV-h-h-ih-zl--m-Z-z-

h
m-P--B-z-G--hq-Yh-h-VP-h-I-M-w-zGh--kG-e-Yh-q-VG-q-h
----hP--Ghm-n-V-~P-z-zdm-m-Yh-h-w-z-h
hm-i--zz--G-q-G-G-qX--h-i--z-m-h--h
Direct Translation (Word by Word):
mule-of cunning
merchant-a-to market-to merchandise transport-doer-of mule-a had and. market as-for his village
from distance long about-to is therefore mule-to baggage weight great put and. weight great carry
and go while mule that again and again tired became.
day one market-to go while slipped due-to mule water in-to fell and. baggage parts all wet became
did. however merchant-by mule up raise after front-of went. market-at arrive about did at that time
mule-by felt-to baggage very light-of became-of felt did. because of that. baggage as-for salt was
and mule water in-to fell at-that-time salt wet became due-to melted did.
now mule-to method a found and. he-by water-of in-to fell from self-by back-of baggage that
lighter make try do. time long not take-to mule-of cunning that merchant-by knew when. he-to
advice a give desire great felt.
next day there he-by mule-to hemp-of made-of sack many a and. grass matt few loaded after
earlier like market to went. mule-by earlier like water-of middle-in slipped due-to lied down did.
nevertheless sadly-a-to sack-of weight lesser-to went there left other than that sack heavy became
did. hemp and grass matt (plural) water-by soaked-to resulted from weight increased did. that
from mule-to advice good a got after that like that root from do not.

Full Translation:
The Cunning Mule
Merchant had a mule to carry his goods to the market. The market was far away from his village.
The merchant used to load the mule with heavy baggage. The mule grew tired of carrying the
heavy load.One day, while going to the market, the mule slipped and fell into water. The entire

load of goods became wet. However, the merchant got the mule up and led it on. By the time they
reached the marked the mule felt the load had become much lighter. The load was sacks of salt
and as the mule slipped into the water the salt had melted.
Now the mule got an idea. He would fall into the water and the load on his back would become
lighter. It did not take the merchant long time to figure out what the cunning mule was up to. He
wanted to teach him a lesson.
Next day he loaded the mule with sacks full of hemp and few grass mats. Like before when they
were on the way to the market, the mule slipped and fell into the water. But unfortunately, instead
of reducing the weight, the load grew heavier. The hemp sacks and grass mats had soaked up
water and increased the weight. The mule learnt the lesson and resolved not to try anything like
that again.

Text #12

h;-uh---z
Sm-H-h--P-q-GTG-z-z-h-TP- z-n--dG-qZ--GP-E-h-q--D-P-w--G-q--z-m-h--h q-wD---;--fG-h-hG-qzz--fP-P-zMz-P. h-hG-G-nMz--G-q-e-oP-h-GbP.G-h
Zm-G-P-q-h-mh-iG-qm-+z D-- h-V-P-Vz-Z-z-hG--m-z-n-D-PG-I-h-z-b-P-P-D-mPG-P-q-~-h
m-m-PxG-GP-h-h-h-G-q---

-hG
-P-Eh--P-D-V-PzSG-m--hG--zh-qX-w-h--z-h wP-q-h-zTGG-h-K--z-WG-b-z-n-P-D-SG-q-xm
-P--q-zSG-P-z-n--GlG----P--G-q
w-hh--zMz
h-m-V-G-G-q-h-D-P--I-zbz-q-hP--h-emfG-m-b-G-q-P- z--IzP-m-hP-P-q-P-ez hh--q-q-z-n--iP-q-GPq-G-m--q-hP. h-m-zP-D----z-m---q--;zh-zm--q-h
Direct Translation (Word by Word):
hard work for result.
before-of time-to farmer one to son four had and. son (plural)-by all-the-time day wasted instead
their-to father to helper base from do not. father they-to work hard do need of advice times many
gave but. those-by ear behind by wind like notice not to had. day one farmer that sickness hard-of
suffered at-that-time. his feeling of. now I death-to near do thought due-to son (plural) his of near
to called and my field-of in gold many hid did. but direction where is not is clearly know-of do
not. therefore you-by field all dig and search need (quotation) said-of after that died did. corpse
burial-of ceremony finished-of after son (plural)-by field dig-to went. farmland not leave-of dig
but son (plural) to gold single bead only even not find since. father to curse did.
that after rain started at-that-time they-by field to wheat planted and year that-to yield exceedingly
good did. son (plural)-by wheat sold due-to money much received since. that-of time-to father-by

son (plural) to truth told due-to knew and. this-time-from they-by lazy root from not do-of workof hard did.

Full Translation:
The Fruits of Labour
Once a farmer had four sons. They wasted their time every day and did not help their father in his
work. Their father often advised them to work hard, but they turned deaf ear to his advice. One
day the farmer became seriously ill. He thought that his end was near. So he called his sons and
told them that there was gold hidden in his field. But he could not tell theme where exactly the
gold was hidden. "Therefore you must dig the field and find it" he said. Having said that the
farmer died. After the funeral rites, the sons went to the field and dug up every nook and corner of
it, but found no gold anywhere. They cursed their father.
Later it started to rain and they sowed the field with wheat. They had a very rich crop that year.
They sold it and got a lot of money. They now realized that their father had spoken the truth. They
began to work hard and were never idle again.

Text# 13:

z--Sm--fP
Gm-S----G-+-fG-Vhm-V--z-GP--xm
fFm-q-G-G-I-h-z-q-hP-
h-mP--ze-q-+z-@P-q-ih-zl-m-Fm-q-mP-h-G-q-h
-fz-GP-P-T-P-G--hmfz--P-hm--fz-q-
-Lm-GTG--h-zMh-m-Ph-Fm-q-mP-h---h-qfP.z-hP. --Eh-Fm-q-mP-hG--h--h-h--+h-V-i-q

--P-P-P-z-km-q-VmP-h-Bh-q--zkh-h
G-bEh-P-P-wz-hh-h-m-wz-GT-z
-Lm-Jm-q-h---+hV-h-V--m-Fm-q-mP-hVP J-z-h---G-Tm-H-Lm-H-K-q-G-b -PVP-fP-GTG--x-hm-fz-TP.
-Lm-Jm-q-Fm-q-mP-h-GTGq-G-m-V-mP-h-h-m-z-h
Text# 14:

-z-m-ez-G--G
Gm-S--IP-Gz-TG-b--P-Dm-G-kh--h- D--P-q-z-m-Z-I-H-IPE-mP-h-P-G-h Zm-GTGGm-G--TP--z-+z
Dv-P-q-Gm--P-mG-GzMh-m---P-z-xm ZmhGP-G---h;--DG-q-Pz-hP.P-G-EG--MG-hh-Vmq-P-e
YmP-G-Iz-zG-b-h-q-S-G-zTG-m-

Z D---G--Hm-zm-P-z-GZh--
P-kP-G-eP-m-eGm-h-q-v--h-q-zz-e D-h-q-D-x-m-P-----Gm-b-P-kP-GeP--G D-GZh--h-h
e-wh-eP-q-H-z--m--q-h h-i-G-m-v-P--G----Hm-h-q-fP-m-P-
h-hG--m-M-DG-q-hiG-m-
J-z-h-z-G-D-m
D-P-G---hw-GG-q-hP. v--P-Dh---b---n--eP-hGG-q
D---n-zOGm-F--xm-q-h
Text# 15:

Z--hP-G-q
fP-GTG-Z--hP-G-q-GZh-q--b
Z--P-G-q-Eh-ez-G-V-z-h-T-zXh-qhP. P-G-q-P-Z--Eh--mG-V-z-h-T-zh
h-m-D--G-G-eP-h-P-P-G-

m-q-zbm-m -ez-G-Vz-m-hP-m-H-fG-GTh--M-
+z-h-MP-P-G--I-qG-I-z-fP-z-hP.
G-q-wG-V-zMz-m-I-q-eh-fPz-- m-P-G-q-w-W-G-V-z-zMz-q-h--HI-q-eh-fP-h-D-GGq-h-h-xm-m G-q-Deh-fP-z-fz-h
h-m-Z----z-qhP. D-Z-h--q-zbP-z-I-qeh-fP-G-fz-V-z=-hG-P.
GP--m-Z---P-h-V-zbP-z-hP-S--P---xmb
I-q--z--zh-q-G-mdP-;-z-Q-mG-G-DP-q
eh-fP-wh-hG-P-
h-i--m-Z--G-q-ez-G-V-z-h-q-h-hP-zem-m-M-D-P-q-h
Text# 16:

m--m-P--h
Gm-S--G--z-VP-VPG-h D-G-q-G-hP--EGTG-hh-m--V-GP-zP-h--

z-I-z-hP.
hGP-i-h-hG-hP-Zh-G-P-G-h Zm-GTG-Dq-IP-Gz-q-n--G-+-GbPhG--e uP-;-hG uP-;hG-T-+h-G-Vm-q-zMzq---P--MG-P. m-PD--G--z-Z-I-h-zh-uP-;-T-P-h-q--b-D-BPq-PP-G-hG-P. D-h-i-b---n--G-+-fP-G--zbP.
Zm-GTG-uP-;-hP-Gm-DG-E-MG-P-+z D-+hG-S--V-z-W--zMz-PP--oP-h--zbP.
h-zdmuP-;-G--z-h--G-q--h
G-G--P-zh-q-h h-m-D-zz--zP-q-G-fz-q-X-G-+-h-i--z-m-GbP-G-h
Text# 17:

IG-q-m-
--hP- -W-GZ-PZ-z-IG-q-P-G-h
ZmG-D--GZ-P-mG-GzMh-m-fG-P--xm
D-GZ-dG-q-GTG-G-GTG--Eh-

P--P--fz-q-hP-z-hP-Vz-h-T-h--h--h D-I--P-mG-h-zhG-h--TmH-DP-h-ez J-z-h-D-xG--h-G-P-G-h-qfP-z-hP- --G-h--fG-PkP-GTG-G-KP--G-

mm-P--W-P-kP-eP--Gfz--h-q-G-h-h-h-h-q-G
h-m-D-fz--G-im-mhzG--zbP-z--z-e--eP-hZ-m-zkh
h-h-D-Ih-P-m-D---i--zob-D-E-m---z--GTGG-F--zG h-MP-P--xm-z-X
--P-kP--zz-q-hP. -W-G--VG-mPh-H-GP-hP-GP-zh-P-P-+h-V--q h-H-IG-q-m---h-V--h-T--P-z-q --P--q-P. h-m-P-D--GZ-I-zh-GzG-q-h
Text# 18:

-w

Sm-P-mG-fG-q-G-GmP-h--w-GTG-kh--h ZmG-D-V-P-GTG-m-V-fP-zxm-q-hP-
V-fP-z-+z-DGG-zm-V-mP-h-V-h
D-P-G--kG-km-q--TGZ--hG-tz-Vm-q-PPzeh-zSG- m-P-D-h;mVG-EmP-@P-q-h-hG-B-z--+--hG-Pm-q-@P-q-hG-fP-VP-
h-i-G--MP-P-m-E-+hIG-q-hP. TP-h----G-z-E-n-D-xG--MG-P.
-w-h-n-fP--fG-P-G-GVh-h-G-h-h-zbm-m-
D-+--hG-Pm-q-@P-q-PG-D-P-E-m-G-h-MG-fzfz-MG-P.
D--kG-kmq--T-hG-G--h-Fh-zBh-h-G-Dm-Gm-Dm-m-HG-q-I--fz-q-zdm
E-n--D-KP--VP-bh-z-P-q-zbP-z-h
Text# 19:

+G-dG--

fP-GTG-P-q-G--M-qG-G-I-h-P-e-d-MG-Imzk--G-VG-q-d-w-thG-G--P-M-zG-q-h
M-q-P-q--d-m-xh-;Sm--m-G--zXh-q-hP-
h-hP-h-hG-hP-i-z-d-iGFh-P-G-
P-q--dm-Sm-h-vh-m-Fh-VG-T-q D-G-^-G-q-DG-TG-P-q--G-b-vh-h
h-E-m-d-w-n-GP-HGFh-m-wz-G-T-
Zm---X--M-q-hGv-Vm-q-PP-P-q-h--Lh-Tm-G-h-q-h-z-m M-DP-mPG--+G-dG--q-P--Pf-z;h-m-E-G-T-zh
DM-q-z;-zm--b-f-GP-GfG--h-M-q-D-P-G-Pz;h-h Gm--h-M-q-DPF-h-h-P-b
G---m-PP-z;h-q-m-m--i
D
GP-G--m -M-h-f-m-GPh-kh--h-h-P---q-n-d-m-wm-Vm-q-h-i-Sm-h-

vh-q-m-zXh-q
M-q--
m-P-P--m-D--P-q-P-Gh-T--h-h-H-zh
G-b-D--h-z-P-m-PM-q-Eh--m--zbm-b-h-z--Gm-hG-WG-G-m--mzbz-q-h
z--Sm--fP-mD-q-hP.
Am--hm-h-G-q-P-fP.
Text# 20:

;---q-GTG
Sm--xG-q-G--uh-q-GTP-D--Zm-q-z-G-h m-P-B-z-G--z-I-mP-hIG-q-kG-TG-G--hP-fG-qh w--IG-q-Pm-q-h-n-MP-P-h-kh-hG-q-z-GG-h--P-z-n-VG-Mz--Gq-e-oP-h--zbP.
z-h-IGq--hP-Z-h-GP--E-q--h
V-h--+h-V-D-m-zh-m--eP-h--B-H-h
z-IhG-V-m-zbP-z-D-Gm-fz-lG-n-fP-+z-w----

m-G-iG-q-GbP-G-h m-P-h-V-fz-GP-P-h-q-G
Zm-GTG--xG-q-h-G-qG-q-G-h-q-hP- D-F--xm-m-;--G-q-GP--Zq-hP.
h-hP-;---q-D--PZ-q-h
h-m-D-z--;-G-q-n-oh-GTG-G-mP-hG--b-zTG-q-hP-
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Text# 21

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Text# 22

Lm--B-
Zm-GTG---G-eG-fGVh-m--V-GP----h-xmq-h
GP--G-m-k-G-G-mP-h-z-q-hP- h-mPV-Lm--m-m-kP-q--hG-D-q-VG-h h-fP-zhP--D--I-T-P-m
Lm-n-z-hh--TP-Vm-q-P.
h-i-P-P--P-m-P-h-VP-m-m---P- Lm-n-f-fG-Vh-m--zz-q-h
f---h-hG--zbP-mLm--n-B--h G-b-Ph--z-q-m-m-P-m-G-h-Th-m-h-m-MP-P--xm
Direct Translation (Word by Word):
grape sour
day one fox a hungry got so everywhere place-to food search to went did. after awhile garden a in
arrived and. that in watery grapes ripened had stalk-of peak-at delicious appeared did. that saw
and her-of mouth-to salivated. grapes eat desire extremly great became. thus she-by over and over
up jumped reach tried but. grapes high too from not reached were.

finally she-by those gave up from grapes those sour are. if I-by those ate then I sick will quotation
while saying far away went.

Full Translation:
Sour Grapes
One day, a fox was so hungry that she went all around searching for food. After awhile, she came
upon a garden where some juicy grapes had ripened upon the tops of vine stalks. Seeing this, her
mouth started to water, and she grew ravenous for the grapes. So up she jumped, over and over,
trying to seize the grapes. The grapes, however, were just too high for her to reach.
Finally, she gave up on them and traveled onward exclaiming, "Those grapes are sour. If I ate
them, I'd fall sick!"