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Important Scientific Laws

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Important Scientific Laws

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Important Scientific Laws

Avogadro's Law (Gases)

It states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules regardless of their chemical nature and physical properties. This number (Avogadro's number) is 6.022 X 1023. It is the number of molecules of any gas present in a volume of 22.41 litres and is the same for the lightest gas (hydrogen) as for a heavy gas such as carbon dioxide or bromine. Stated in 1811 by the Italian chemist Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856)

Boyle's Law (Gases)

For a fixed amount of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, P [pressure] and V [volume] are inversely proportional (while one doubles, the other halves). In other words product of the pressure and volume is exactly a constant for an ideal gas. Propounded by Robert Boyle, an Irish Chemist in 1662

Charles' Law (Gases)

It states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas, provided the amount of gas and pressure are held constant. It was first published by French natural philosopher Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1802, giving credit to an unpublished work from the 1780s by Jacques Charles. It is also known as Gay-Lussac Law.
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Important Scientific Laws

Coulomb's Law (Electrostatics)

The magnitude of the Electrostatics force of interaction between two point charges is directly proportional to the scalar multiplication of the magnitudes of charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distances between them. Published in 1783 by French physicist Charles Augustin de Coulomb

Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction

The induced electromotive force (EMF) in any closed circuit is equal to the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit. Published by English Physicist Michael Faraday in 1831.

Hooke's Law of Elasticity

It states that, for relatively small deformations of an object, the displacement or size of the deformation is directly proportional to the deforming force or load. Discovered by the English scientist Robert Hooke in 1660.

Joule's Law (Electricity)

It states that, heat produced by an electric current is directly proportional to the resistance of the conductor, the square of the current, and the time for which it flows. Given by the English physicist James Prescott Joule around 1850.

Kepler's three laws of planetary motion

1. The path of the planets about the sun is elliptical in shape, with the center of the sun being located at one focus. (The Law of Ellipses) 2. An imaginary line drawn from the center of the sun to the center of the planet will sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time. (The Law of Equal Areas) 3. The ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their average distances from the sun. (The Law of Harmonies) Published by German astronomer Johannes Kepler between 1609 - 1619.

Lambert's Law (Luminous intensity)

It states that the luminous intensity of a perfectly diffusing surface in any direction is proportional to the cosine of the angle between that direction and the normal to the surface, for which reason the surface will appear equally bright from all directions. Published by Johann Heinrich Lambert, a Swiss physicist in 1760.

Lenz's Law (Electromagnetism)

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Important Scientific Laws

It states that an induced electric current flows in a direction such that the current opposes the change that induced it or in other words an induced current is always in such a direction as to oppose the motion or change causing it. Deduced in 1834 by the Russian physicist Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz.

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Newton's Law of motion

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1. Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it. 2. The acceleration of an object depends directly upon the net force acting upon the object, and inversely upon the mass of the object. As the force acting upon an object is increased, the acceleration of the object is increased. As the mass of an object is increased, the acceleration of the object is decreased. 3. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Published by British physicist Sir Isaac Newton in 1687.

Ohm's Law (Electricity)

Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points, and inversely proportional to the resistance between them. Published in 1827 by German physicist Georg Ohm.

Snell's Law (Refraction of light)

It states that the ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction is equivalent to the ratio of phase velocities in the two media, or equivalent to the opposite ratio of the indices of refraction. Named after Dutch astronomer Willebrord Snellius who rediscovered it in 1621.

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