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sav km theo sch Phn tch d liu nghin cu vi SPSS ca thy Hong Trng do NXB Thng k xut bn nm 2005. file d liu ny rt d hiu khi bn bt u tm hiu v EFA. 1. Thao tc. Hnh 1, Hnh 2 gip bn hiu c d liu c nhp nh th no. Hnh 1. Data View Hnh 2. Variable view
6 bin quan st (Item), t v1 n v6 o lng Li ch ca kem nh rng. Cc Item ny u s dng thang o Likert 7 im, vi 1: rt khng quan trng, , 7: rt quan trng. Bin sex th hin gii tnh ca ngi tr li (1. nam, 2.n) Bc 1. T thanh Menu, chn: Analyze Data Reduction Factor Hp thoi Factor Analysis (Hnh 3) s xut hin. Bc 2 Chn cc items: v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6. Nhp nt a cc items ny vo khung Variables Bc 3 Ln lt nhp chn Descriptives, Extraction, Rotation, Options v chn cc thng s nh Hnh 4, 5, 6, 7
Hnh 5. Chn phng php trch Principal component nu mc ch ca bn l rt gn d liu, gim cng tuyn gia cc nhn t trong vic phn tch hi quy bi tip theo. Chn Principal Axis Factoring nu mc ch ca bn l khm ph cu trc ca thang o, sau ny tip tc 1 CFA, hay SEM
Hnh 6. Chn Varimax, nu bn s dng phng php trch Principal Components. Chn php xoay Promax nu bn chn phng php trch Principal Axis Factoring.
Hnh 7. Trong hp thoi Factor Analysis, chn Option, sau chn Sorted by size sp xp cc Item theo th t gim dn ca Factor Loading
2. Kt qu EFA
Rotated Component Matrix(a)
Component 1 v2 lam trang rang v6 lam rang bong hon v4 lam hoi tho thom tho v3 lam khoe nuu rang v5 lam sach cau rang v1 ngua sau rang .886 .766 .761 -.233 .384 -.014 2 .086 .130 -.300 .852 .770 .620
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
a Rotation converged in 3 iterations.
Khi phan tch nhan to kham pha, cac nha nghien cu thng quan tam en mot so tieu chuan. Th nhat, he so KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) 1 0.5, mc y ngha cua kiem nh Bartlett 0.05.
KMO la mot ch tieu dung e xem xet s thch hp cua EFA, 0.5KMO1 th phan tch nhan to la thch hp. Kiem nh Bartlett xem xet gia thuyet ve o tng quan gia cac bien quan sat bang khong trong tong the. Neu kiem nh nay co y ngha thong ke (Sig 0.05) th cac bien quan sat co tng quan vi nhau trong trong the (Trong & Ngoc,2005,262)
Th hai he so tai nhan to (Factor loading) > 0.45. Neu bien quan sat nao co he so tai nhan to 0.45 se b loai (Tabachnick & Fidell, 1989, Using Multivariate Statistics, Northridge, USA: HarperCollins Publishers) 2. Th ba, thang o c chap nhan khi tong phng sai trch 50% va eigenvalue co gia tr ln hn 13. Tieu chan th t la khac biet he so tai nhan to cua mot bien quan sat gia cac nhan to 0.3 e am bao gia tr phan biet gia cac nhan to4. 3. Nhn s Trong hp thoi Factor Analysis (Hnh 3), bn c th chn nt Scores, sau nhp chn Regression. lu li nhn s ca nhn t mt cch t ng. Nhn s tnh theo cch ny c chun ha (khng c n v). N thch hp nht nu bn s dng cc nhn s phn tch hi quy, v kim nh mi quan h nh hng ca cc bin c lp n bin ph thuc; v rt thch hp nu cc bin quan st c n v tnh khc nhau. Nu bn s dng cc nhn s ny thc hin cc thng k m t, t-test, ANOVA th khng nn v gi tr trung bnh ca n bng 0, v kh gii thch; trng hp ny, bn nn tnh nhn s ca nhn t bng cch tnh trung bnh cng ca cc items thuc nhn t (ch s dng cch ny khi cc items c cng n v o lng). Hnh 8. Lu li nhn s chun ha Hnh 9 Cc ct nhn s chun ha
tnh nhn s theo cch ny; v d tnh nhn s ca nhn t F1, bn hy chn Transform t thanh Menu v khai bo nh Hnh 10. Tng t nh vy, bn c th tnh nhn s cho nhn t F2 bng trung bnh cng ca v1,v3,v5. Lc ct d liu F1, F2 c th s dng phn tch ANOVA, T-test, thng k m t, hay hi quy bi (vi mc tiu d bo)
Theo Hair & ctg (1998,111), Multivariate Data Analysis, Prentice-Hall International, Inc, Factor loading la ch tieu e am bao mc y ngha thiet thc cua EFA (ensuring practical significance). Factor loading > 0.3 c xem la at c mc toi thieu, Factor loading > 0.4 c xem la quan trong, 0.5 c xem la co y ngha thc tien. Hair & ctg (1998,111) cung khuyen ban oc nh sau: neu chon tieu chuan factor loading > 0.3 th c mau cua ban t nhat phai la 350, neu c mau cua ban khoang 100 th nen chon tieu chuan factor loading > 0.55, neu c mau cua ban khoang 50 th Factor loading phai > 0.75 3 Gerbing & Anderson (1988), An Update Paradigm for Scale Development Incorporing Unidimensionality and Its Assessments, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.25, 186-192 4 Jabnoun & Al-Tamimi (2003) Measuring perceived service quality at UAE commercial banks, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, (20), 4
Hnh 10. Tnh nhn s ca nhn t F1 bng trung bnh cng ca v2, v4, v6
Hnh 11. Nhn s c tnh ton t ng v bng cch trung bnh ca items
Item-Total Statistics
Bc 1 Chn Analyze\Scale\Reliability Analysis Hp thoi nh Hnh 1 s xut hin, chn cc item o lng mt khi nim tim n no a vo khung Items. Bc 2 Nhp Statistics, nh du chn Scale if item deleted. Cac bien quan sat co he so tng quan bien-tong (item-total correlation) nho hn 0.3 se b loai va tieu chuan chon thang o khi Cronbachs Alpha t 0.6 tr len (Nunnally & Burnstein (1994) Pschy chometric Theory, 3rd edition, NewYork, McGraw Hill) Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha if Item .495 Deleted .739 .690
v2 lam trang rang v4 lam hoi tho thom tho v6 lam rang bong hon
3 N of Items