Thc hnh Exploratory Factor Analysis v Crobachs Alpha vi SPSS 15.0 Bn hy m file d liu phan tich nhan to.

sav km theo sch Phn tch d liu nghin cu vi SPSS ca thy Hong Trng do NXB Thng k xut bn nm 2005. file d liu ny rt d hiu khi bn bt u tm hiu v EFA. 1. Thao tc. Hnh 1, Hnh 2 gip bn hiu c d liu c nhp nh th no. Hnh 1. Data View Hnh 2. Variable view

Hnh 3. Hp thoi Factor Analysis

6 bin quan st (Item), t v1 n v6 o lng Li ch ca kem nh rng. Cc Item ny u s dng thang o Likert 7 im, vi 1: rt khng quan trng, , 7: rt quan trng. Bin sex th hin gii tnh ca ngi tr li (1. nam, 2.n) Bc 1. T thanh Menu, chn: Analyze Data Reduction Factor Hp thoi Factor Analysis (Hnh 3) s xut hin. Bc 2 Chn cc items: v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6. Nhp nt a cc items ny vo khung Variables Bc 3 Ln lt nhp chn Descriptives, Extraction, Rotation, Options v chn cc thng s nh Hnh 4, 5, 6, 7

Hnh 4. Nhp Descriptive, nh du KMO

Hnh 5. Chn phng php trch Principal component nu mc ch ca bn l rt gn d liu, gim cng tuyn gia cc nhn t trong vic phn tch hi quy bi tip theo. Chn Principal Axis Factoring nu mc ch ca bn l khm ph cu trc ca thang o, sau ny tip tc 1 CFA, hay SEM

Hnh 6. Chn Varimax, nu bn s dng phng php trch Principal Components. Chn php xoay Promax nu bn chn phng php trch Principal Axis Factoring.

Hnh 7. Trong hp thoi Factor Analysis, chn Option, sau chn Sorted by size sp xp cc Item theo th t gim dn ca Factor Loading

2. Kt qu EFA
Rotated Component Matrix(a)
Component 1 v2 lam trang rang v6 lam rang bong hon v4 lam hoi tho thom tho v3 lam khoe nuu rang v5 lam sach cau rang v1 ngua sau rang .886 .766 .761 -.233 .384 -.014 2 .086 .130 -.300 .852 .770 .620
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. Approx. Chi-Square df Sig. .584 55.275 15 .000

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
a Rotation converged in 3 iterations.

Total Variance Explained

Initial Eigenvalues Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total 2.157 1.813 .912 .490 .350 .278 % of Variance 35.957 30.214 15.206 8.168 5.829 4.625 Cumulative % 35.957 66.172 81.378 89.546 95.375 100.000 Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total 2.157 1.813 % of Variance 35.957 30.214 Cumulative % 35.957 66.172 Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total 2.154 1.817 % of Variance 35.896 30.276 Cumulative % 35.896 66.172

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Khi phan tch nhan to kham pha, cac nha nghien cu thng quan tam en mot so tieu chuan. Th nhat, he so KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) 1 0.5, mc y ngha cua kiem nh Bartlett 0.05.

KMO la mot ch tieu dung e xem xet s thch hp cua EFA, 0.5KMO1 th phan tch nhan to la thch hp. Kiem nh Bartlett xem xet gia thuyet ve o tng quan gia cac bien quan sat bang khong trong tong the. Neu kiem nh nay co y ngha thong ke (Sig 0.05) th cac bien quan sat co tng quan vi nhau trong trong the (Trong & Ngoc,2005,262)

Th hai he so tai nhan to (Factor loading) > 0.45. Neu bien quan sat nao co he so tai nhan to 0.45 se b loai (Tabachnick & Fidell, 1989, Using Multivariate Statistics, Northridge, USA: HarperCollins Publishers) 2. Th ba, thang o c chap nhan khi tong phng sai trch 50% va eigenvalue co gia tr ln hn 13. Tieu chan th t la khac biet he so tai nhan to cua mot bien quan sat gia cac nhan to 0.3 e am bao gia tr phan biet gia cac nhan to4. 3. Nhn s Trong hp thoi Factor Analysis (Hnh 3), bn c th chn nt Scores, sau nhp chn Regression. lu li nhn s ca nhn t mt cch t ng. Nhn s tnh theo cch ny c chun ha (khng c n v). N thch hp nht nu bn s dng cc nhn s phn tch hi quy, v kim nh mi quan h nh hng ca cc bin c lp n bin ph thuc; v rt thch hp nu cc bin quan st c n v tnh khc nhau. Nu bn s dng cc nhn s ny thc hin cc thng k m t, t-test, ANOVA th khng nn v gi tr trung bnh ca n bng 0, v kh gii thch; trng hp ny, bn nn tnh nhn s ca nhn t bng cch tnh trung bnh cng ca cc items thuc nhn t (ch s dng cch ny khi cc items c cng n v o lng). Hnh 8. Lu li nhn s chun ha Hnh 9 Cc ct nhn s chun ha

tnh nhn s theo cch ny; v d tnh nhn s ca nhn t F1, bn hy chn Transform t thanh Menu v khai bo nh Hnh 10. Tng t nh vy, bn c th tnh nhn s cho nhn t F2 bng trung bnh cng ca v1,v3,v5. Lc ct d liu F1, F2 c th s dng phn tch ANOVA, T-test, thng k m t, hay hi quy bi (vi mc tiu d bo)

Theo Hair & ctg (1998,111), Multivariate Data Analysis, Prentice-Hall International, Inc, Factor loading la ch tieu e am bao mc y ngha thiet thc cua EFA (ensuring practical significance). Factor loading > 0.3 c xem la at c mc toi thieu, Factor loading > 0.4 c xem la quan trong, 0.5 c xem la co y ngha thc tien. Hair & ctg (1998,111) cung khuyen ban oc nh sau: neu chon tieu chuan factor loading > 0.3 th c mau cua ban t nhat phai la 350, neu c mau cua ban khoang 100 th nen chon tieu chuan factor loading > 0.55, neu c mau cua ban khoang 50 th Factor loading phai > 0.75 3 Gerbing & Anderson (1988), An Update Paradigm for Scale Development Incorporing Unidimensionality and Its Assessments, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.25, 186-192 4 Jabnoun & Al-Tamimi (2003) Measuring perceived service quality at UAE commercial banks, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, (20), 4

Hnh 10. Tnh nhn s ca nhn t F1 bng trung bnh cng ca v2, v4, v6

Hnh 11. Nhn s c tnh ton t ng v bng cch trung bnh ca items

4. Kim nh tin cy ca thang o Hnh 12. Cronbachs Alpha

Item-Total Statistics

Bc 1 Chn Analyze\Scale\Reliability Analysis Hp thoi nh Hnh 1 s xut hin, chn cc item o lng mt khi nim tim n no a vo khung Items. Bc 2 Nhp Statistics, nh du chn Scale if item deleted. Cac bien quan sat co he so tng quan bien-tong (item-total correlation) nho hn 0.3 se b loai va tieu chuan chon thang o khi Cronbachs Alpha t 0.6 tr len (Nunnally & Burnstein (1994) Pschy chometric Theory, 3rd edition, NewYork, McGraw Hill) Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha if Item .495 Deleted .739 .690

v2 lam trang rang v4 lam hoi tho thom tho v6 lam rang bong hon

Scale Mean if Item 9.77 Deleted 10.00 11.03

Scale Variance if 5.417 Item Deleted 7.294 5.146

Corrected Item-Total .689 Correlation .484 .546

Cronbach's .737 Alpha

3 N of Items