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Chuyn 1.

Cu
A. Mt s lu v l thuyt

to nguyn t

1. Nguyn t

lp v (e mang in tch m) proton (mang in tch + ) ht ntron (khng mang in) nhn

Dng 1: Bi tp v mi quan h gia cc loi ht: *) L thuyt : Gi s p, n, e trong nt ln lt l Z, N, E(nguyn dng) Khi Z = E tng s ht (S)= Z + N + E = 2Z + N Trong : s ht mang in: Z+E =2Z s ht khng mang in: N - Vi ng v bn: Z N 1,52Z (*) - Nu bi ton cho 2 d kin l tng s ht v s ht mang in, khng mang in th lp cc phng trnh v gii bnh thng - Nu bi cho tng s ht v bit s N ln hn s Z khng nhiu hay hn 1,2 n v, ta c th tnh Z bng cch ly tng s ht trong nguyn t chia 3. Ly Z chnh l s nguyn st di kt qu va tnh c - Nu ch cho tng s ht th phi s dng biu thc (*) bin lun : Ta c : S =2Z + N N = S - 2Z (**) Thay (**) vo (*) ta c: Z S 2 Z 1,52 Z 3Z S 3,52 Z 3,52 Z 3 - Nu bi ton cho s ht trong ion th ta vn gi s p, n, e trong ng.t ca n l Z, N, E. Sau tnh s ht e trong ion theo E v in tch ca ion: +) Nu ion l Aa+ th s e =E - a +) nu ion l: Bb- th s e = E +b. - Nu bi ton cho s ht trong 1 phn t gm nhiu nt khc loi hoc ion a nt th ta s gi s p, n, e trong mi loi nt l Z, N, E, Z, N, E sau tin hnh lp cc phng trnh ton hc bnh thng. *) Bi tp: Cha cc v d 1-8 Dng 2: BT v bn knh nguyn t v khi l ng, khi lng ring ca nguyn t *) L thuyt: Nguyn t c cu to bi 3 ht c bn : e, p, n. Khi lng ht e l : 9,1094.10-28 (g) hay 0,55.10-3 u Khi lng ht p l :1,6726.10-24 (g) hay 1 u Khi lng ht n l :1,6748.10-24 (g) hay 1 u Khi lng nguyn t : mNT = me + mn + m p . Do khi lng ca cac ht e rt nh, nn coi khi lng nguyn t mNT = mn + m p . Khi lng ring ca mt cht : D =
4 3 m . V
S S

Th tch khi cu : V = r 3 ; r l bn knh ca khi cu. Lin h gia D v V ta c cng thc :


D= m 4 .3,14.r 3 3

*) Bi tp: Cha cc bi tp:1,2,3,4,5,7.

Chuyn 1. Cu to nguyn t Dng 1: Bi tp v xc nh cc loi ht: V d1: Nguyen t cua Nguyen to X co cau tao bi 115 hat. Trong o, hat
mang ien nhieu hn hat khong mang ien la 25 hat. Xc nh s ht tng loi cu to nn nt . /S: Z=35 V d 2: Tong so hat trong nguyen t mot nguyen to la 13, s ht n ln hn s ht p khong ang ke. Xac nh ten nguyen to.

V d 3: Mt cation R3+ c tng s ht l 37. T s ht e i vi n l 5/7. Tm s p, e, n trong R3+? /S: Al V d 4:Mt hp cht ion to ra t ion M+ v ion X2-. Trong phn t M2X, tng s ht c bn l 140 v s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44. S khi ca M+ ln hn s khi ca X2- l 23. Tng s ht c bn trong M+ nhiu hn trong X2- l 31. Tm thn, s khi ca M v X. Tm cng thc phn t ca M2X. Bi 1: Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht l 34, trong s ht mang in nhiu gp 1,8333 ln s ht khng mang in. Tm s ht p, n, e v s khi ca R? /S: Na Bi 2:Mt nguyn t c tng s cc ht l 62 v c s khi nh hn 43. Tm s p, s n, v khi lng mol nguyn t. Bi 3: Nguyn t R c tng s ht l 115 v c s khi l 80. Tm in tch ht nhn ca R? Bi 4: Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 76, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 20. Tm s p, n, e v s in tch ht nhn ca R? Bi 5: Nguyn t R c tng s ht trong nguyn t l 52, s ht khng mang in gp 1,059 ln s ht mang in dng. Xc nh s hiu nt ca R? Bi 6: Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 155, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 33. Tm s p, n, e v s in tch ht nhn ca R? Bi 7: Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 34. Cho bit s hiu nguyn t v s khi ca nguyn t? /S: Na Bi 8: Trong anion X3- tng s ht l 111, s e bng 48% s khi. Tm s p, n, e v s khi ca X3-? Bi 9. Mt kim loi M c khi lng l 54. Tng s cc ht trong M2+ l 78. * Hy xc nh s th t ca M trong bng h thng tun hon. Cho bit M l nguyn t no trong cc nguyn t di y: 54 54 54 54 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 24 Cr * Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho M(NO 3)2 ln lt tc dng vi: Cl2, Zn, dung dch Ca(OH)2, dung dch AgNO3, dung dch HNO3 long (to kh NO) t cho bit tnh cht ho hc c bn ca M2+. thi H Thng Mi- 2001 Bi 10: Cho hp cht MX3. Trong phn t MX3, tng s ht c bn l 196 v s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. S ht mang in trong nguyn t M t hn s ht mang in trong nguyn t X l 8 ht. a. Xc nh hp cht MX3? /S: AlCl3 b. Vit cu hnh e ca M v X? Bi 11: Tng s ht p, n, e trong 2 nt kim loi A v B l 142, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca nt B nhiu hn ca A l 12. a) Xc nh 2 kim loi A, B b) Vit cc ptp iu ch A t mui cacbonat ca A v iu ch B t 1 oxit ca B 2

/S: A l Ca, B l Fe Bi 12. Mt hp cht B c to bi mt kim loi ha tr II v mt phi kim ha tr I. Tng s ht trong phn t B l 290. Tng s ht khng mang in l 110. Hiu s ht khng mang in gia phi kim v kim loi l 70. T l s ht mang din ca kim loi so vi phi kim trong B l 2/7. Tm A, Z ca kim loi v phi kim trn? Bi 13:Cho hp cht MX2. Trong phn t MX2, tng s ht c bn l 140 v s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44. S khi ca X ln hn s khi ca M l 11. Tng s ht c bn trong X nhiu hn trong M l 16. xc nh k hiu nguyn t M, X v cng thc phn t MX2? Bi 14. Hp cht A c to thnh t ion M+ v ion X2-. Tng s 3 loi ht trong A l 140. Tng s cc ht mang in trong ion M+ ln hn tng s ht mang in trong ion X2- l 19. Trong nguyn t M, s ht proton t hn s ht ntron 1 ht; trong nguyn t X, s ht proton bng s ht ntron. Vit cu hnh electron ca M + v X2- v gi tn cht A. thi H An Giang 2001 Bi 15. Trong phn t A2B gm ion A+ v B2- c tng s cc ht l 140, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44. Mt khc, ngi ta bit s khi ca ion A+ ln hn trong ion B2- l 23. Tng s ht trong ion A+ nhiu hn trong ion B2- l 31. * Xc nh in tch ht nhn ca A v B. * Vit cu hnh electron ca cc ion A+ v B2-.
2 Bi 16: Tng s ht mang in trong ion AB3 l 82. S ht mang in trong ht

nhn nguyn t A nhiu hn s ht mang in trong nguyn t B l 8. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t ca hai nguyn t A v B.

Dng 2: BT v bn knh nguyn t v khi l ng, khi lng ring ca nguyn t Bi 1. Bn knh nguyn t v khi lng mol nguyn t ca st ln lt l: 1,28Ao v 56g/mol. Tnh khi lng ring ca nt st bit rng trong tinh th, cc nguyn t st ch chim 74%. /S: 7,84g/cm3 Bi 2. Bn knh nguyn t v khi lng mol nt ca km ln lt l: 1,38Ao v 65g/mol. a) Tnh khi lng ring ca km. /S: 3 9,82g/cm b) Bit Zn ko phi l khi c m c khong trng, th tch thc ca Zn ch bng 72,5% th tch o c. Tnh khi lng ring ng ca km. /S: 7,12g/cm3 Bi 3. a) Mt nt c bn knh nguyn t xp x 1,28A o v khi lng ring tinh th l 7,89g/cm3. Bit rng cc nt ch chim 74% th tch tinh th, cn li l rng. Tnh khi lng ring trung bnh ca ng.t(g/cm3). Tnh khi lng mol nt. /S: , M=56,36g/mol b) Ng.t Au bn knh v khi lng mol ln lt l 1,44Ao v 197g/mol. Bit rng khi lng ring ca Au kim loi l: 19,36g/cm 3. Hi cc nt Au chim bao nhiu % th tch trong tinh th? /S: 72% Bi 4. Nu tha nhn rng nt Ca c dng hnh cu, sp xp c kht bn cnh nhau th th tch chim bi cc nt kim loi ch bng 74% so vi ton khi tinh th. Hy tnh bn knh nt Ca (theo n v A o) bit khi lng ring ca Ca l1,55g/cm3, v nt khi ca Ca l 40. Bi 5. Coi nt 919F l hnh cu c bn knh 10-10m v ht nhn cng l 1 hnh cu c bn knh 10-14m. 1. Khi lng ca 1 nt 919F l bao nhiu? /S: 3,154.10-23g 3

2. Khi lng ring ca ht nhn nguyn t F = ? /S: 7,535.1012g/cm3 3. Tm t s th tch gia ng.t F v ht nhn F? /S: 1012 ln Bi 6. Nt Al c bn knh 1,43A0 v c NTK l 27. a. Tnh khi lng ring ca nt Al. b. Trong thc t, th tch tht chim bi cc nt ch bng 74% th tch tinh th, cn li l khe trng. Xc nh khi lng ring ng ca tinh th Al. Bi 7. Cho bit KL nguyn t ca mt loi ng v Fe l 8,96.10 -23 gam, Z=26; xc nh s khi, s n, nguyn t khi ca loi ng v trn . Bi 8. Cho bit mt loi nguyn t Fe c : 26p , 30n , 26e a. Trong 56 gam Fe cha bao nhiu ht p, n , e ? b. Trong 1 kg Fe c bao nhiu (e) c. C bao nhiu kg Fe cha 1 kg (e) Bi 9. Bit rng t khi ca kim loi ( Pt) bng 21,45 g/cm 3 , nguyn t khi bng 195 ; ca Au ln lt bng 19,5 cm3 v 197 . Hy so snh s nguyn t kim loi cha trong 1 cm3 mi kim loi trn . Bi 10. Khi lng ntron bng 1,6748.10-27 kg . Gi s ntron l ht hnh c c bn knh l 2.10 -15 m . Nu ta gi thit xp y ntron vo mt khi hnh lp phng mi chiu 1 cm , khong trng gia cc qu cu chim 26% th tch khng gian hnh lp phng . Tnh khi lng ca khi lp phng cha ntron Bi 11. Cho bit 1 nguyn t Mg c 12e, 12p, 12n.
a) Tnh khi lng 1 nguyn t Mg? b) 1 (mol) nguyn t Mg nng. 24,305 (g). Tnh s nguyn t Mg c trong 1 (mol) Mg?

Dng 2: Bi tp v ng v: Xc nh % cc ng v, xc nh s khi.
1 A Z X 1 ( x%) Gi s nguyn t X c A 2 Z X 2 ( y%)

AX =

A1 .x + A2 . y x+y

*) Ch : nu 1 nguyn t ch c 2 ng v X 1, X2 => gi % ng v 1 l a th % ng v 2 l 100 - a % hay 1-a VD1. Tnh thnh phn % cc ng v ca C bit C trng thi t nhin c 2 ng v bn l 612C, 136C. Bit nguyn t khi trung bnh ca C l 12,011. /S: 98,9% v 1,1% VD2. Brom c 2 ng v bn trong ng v 3579Br chim 54,5%. Tm ng v th 2 bit NTKTB ca Brom l 79,91. /S: 3581Br Bi 1: ng trong t nhin c 2 ng v 6529Cu, 6329Cu vi t s 63Cu/ 65Cu = 105/ 245.Tnh nguyn t khi ca Cu. /S: 64,4 1 2 H (99%) , 1 H (1%) v Bi 2: Cho 2 ng v hidro vi t l phn trm s nguyn t 1 35 37 17 Cl (75,53%),17 Cl ( 24,47%) . a)Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca mi nguyn t. b) C th c bao nhiu loi phn t HCl khc nhau to ra t 2 loi ng v ca 2 nguyn t ? Tnh phn t khi ca mi loi ng v ni trn. Bi 3: Mt hn hp gm 2 ng v c s khi trung bnh l 31,1 v t l phn trm ca cc ng v ny l 90% v 10%. Tng s ht c bn trong 2 ng v l 93. S ht khng mang in bng 0,55 ln s ht mang in. Tm s in tch ht nhn v s ntron trong mi ng v Bi 4: R c 2 loi ng v l R1 v R2. Tng s ht trong R1 l 54 ht v trong R2 l 52 ht. Bit R1 chim 25% v R2 chim 75%. Tnh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca R. Bi 5. Nguyn t X c 2 ng v vi t l s nguyn t l 27/23. Ht nhn nguyn t X c 35p. ng v th nht c 44 ntron. ng v th hai c nhiu hn ng v th nht 2 ntron. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X? Bi 6: Mt hn hp gm hai ng v c s khi trung bnh 31,1 v t l % ca cc ng v ny l 90% v 10%. Tng s ht trong hai ng v l 93 v s ht khng mang in bng 0,55 ln s ht mang in. Tm s Z v s notron ca mi ng v? Bi 7. ha tan 4,84g Mg kim loi bng dung dch HCl thy thot ra 0,4g kh H2 a) Xc nh NTK ca Mg b) Mg kim loi cho trn c 2 ng v l 1224Mg v 1 ng v khc. Xc nh s khi ca ng v th 2 bit t s ca 2 loi v trn l 4:1. /S: a) 24,2; b) 25 Bi 8. Mt thanh ng cha 2 mol Cu. Trong thanh ng c 2 loi v l 6329Cu v 6529Cu vi hm lng tng ng l 25% v 75%. Hi thanh ng nng bao nhiu gam? /S: 129g Bi 9. Dung dch A cha 0,4mol HCl, trong c 2 ng v 3517Cl v 3717Cl vi hm lng tng ng l 75% v 25%. Nu cho dd A t/d vi dd AgNO 3 thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta? /S: 57,4g Bi 10. Oxi c 3 v 168O, 178O, 188O, bit % cc v tng ng l x1, x2, x3, trong x1=15x2; x1-x2=21x3. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca oxi? HD: c x1 =15x2, x3 = 2/3x2, thay vo CT => NTKtb = 16,14 Bi 11. NTKTB ca Ag l 107,87. Trong t nhin Ag c 2 ng v, trong 10947Ag chim 44%. Xc nh s khi v vit k hiu nguyn t ca ng v cn li. /S: 10747Ag 5

Bi 12. ng gm 2 v 6529Cu, 6329Cu. a) Tnh thnh phn phn trm 6529Cu trong CuO. Bit NTK tb ca Cu = 63,546, ca O = 15,9994. HD: Tnh % v 65Cu=27,3%, tnh %mCu trong CuO = 79,9% => % ca v 65 Cu trong CuO =27,3%. 79,9% = 21,01% b)Tnh hm lng % ca 6329Cu trong CuSO4.5H2O. Bit NTKtb ca H=1,008; S = 32,066; /S: 18,54% Bi 13. Mt nguyn t X c 3 v A, B, C ln lt chim t l % l: 79%, 10%, 11%. Tng s khi ca 3 v l 75. NTKtb ca X l 24,32. Mt khc, s n ca B nhiu hn ca A l 1 ht. a)Tm s khi ca mi v b) Bit trong A c s p = n, tm X /S: a) 24; 25; 26; b) Mg Bi 14. Cho 1 dd cha 8,19g mui NaX t/d vi lng d AgNO3 thu c 20,09g kt ta a) Xc nh NTK ca X b) Nguyn t X c 2 v, v 1 hn v 2 l 50% tng s nt, ht nhn nt v 1 km ht nhn v 2 l 2n. Xc nh s khi mi v. Bi 15. nguyn t 35X c 2 ng v l X1 v X2. Tng s ht khng mang in ca X1 v X2 l 90. Nu cho 1,2 g 2040Ca tc dng vi 1 lng X va th c 5,994g hp cht. Bit t l gia s nguyn t X1 v X2 bng 605:495. a. Tnh NTK trung bnh ca X, s khi ca X1 v X2 b. C bao nhiu nguyn t X1, X2 trong 1 mol nguyn t X. Bi 16. Cho m gam kim loi X t/d va vi 7,81g kh clo thu c 14,05943 gam mui clorua vi hiu sut 95%. Kim loi X c 2 ng v A v B c c im: - Tng s ht trong 2 nt A v B bng 186. - Hiu s ht khng mang in ca A v B bng 2 - Mt hn hp c 3600 nt A v B. Nu ta thm vo hn hp ny 400 nt A th hm lng phn trm ca nt B trong hn hp sau t hn trong hn hp u l 7,3%. a. Xc nh khi lng m v khi lng nt ca kim loi X. b. Xc nh s khi ca A, B v s hiu nt c. Xc nh s nt A c trong khi lng mui ni trn Bi 17. Nguyn t A c hai ng v X v Y. T l s nguyn t ca X : Y l 45 : 455. Tng s ht trong nguyn t ca X bng 32. X nhiu hn Y l 2 ntron. Trong Y s ht mang in gp 2 ln s ht khng mang in. Tnh nguyn t lng trung bnh ca A. S: 20,1 Bi 18. Nguyn t Argon c 3 loi ng v c s khi bng 36; 38 v A. Phn trm s nguyn t tng ng ca 3 ng v ln lt bng 0,34%; 0,06% v 99,6%. Bit 125 nguyn t Ar c khi lng 4997,5 u. Tnh s khi A ca ng v th 3 v NTK trung bnh ca Ar. Bi 19. Hp cht A c cng thc phn t M2X. * Tng s cc ht trong hp cht l 116, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 36. * Khi lng nguyn t X ln hn M l 9. * Tng s 3 loi ht trong X2- nhiu hn trong M+ l 17. a. Xc nh s hiu, s khi ca M v X. b. Cho 2,34g hp cht A tc dng vi dung dch M(NO 3)2 thu c 2,8662g kt ta B. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t M. c. Nguyn t M trn c 2 ng v Y, Z bit tng s khi l 128. S nguyn t ng v Y = 0,37 s nguyn t ng v Z. Xc nh s khi ca Y, Z. thi Olympic PTTH Hng Vng

Dng 4. Vit cu hnh electron. A)L thuyt: - Dy phn mc nng lng: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s . . . - Vi 20 nguyn t u tin ( Z 20) cu hnh e trng vi phn mc nng lng. - Vi nguyn t c Z 21: Cu hnh e c s sp xp li trt t cc phn lp trong dy phn lp nng lng. - Khi gp cu hnh dng: (n-1)d9ns2 ---> (n-1)d10ns1 : hin tng sm bo ha (n-1)d 4ns2 ---> (n-1)d5ns1 : hin tng sm na bo ha (bn bo ha). * Cch vit cu hnh e ca ion: X n - Vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t X - Thm hoc bt n e vo cc phn lp ngoi cng ca cu hnh * biu din s phn b e vo cc AO cn lu : - biu din AO 1 cch n gin, ngi ta dng lng t (l 1 vung nh: ) - Mi e c biu din bi 1 mi tn i ln hoc i xung - Khi trong 1 AO c 2 e, ta ni rng 2e ny ghp i - Khi trong 1 AO c 1 e, ta ni rng e ny c thn - Khi trong AO khng c e, ta ni l AO trng - S biu din tun theo: Nguyn l Pau li: Trn mt obitan ch c th c nhiu nht l hai electron v hai electron ny chuyn ng t quay khc chiu nhau xung quanh trc ring ca mi electron. Quy tc Hun: Trong cng mt phn lp, cc electron s phn b trn cc obitan sao cho s electron c thn l ti a v cc electron ny phi c chiu t quay ging nhau. ` B) Bi tp: Cha cc v d V d 1: Vit cu hnh e nt cc nt c Z = 9, 11, 20, 21, 24, 25, 29, 42, 47. Hi Mi nt c my lp e? Lp ngoi cng c my e? e cui cng in vo phn lp no? V d 2: Vit cu hnh e v s phn b e vo cc AO ca cc nguyn t v ion sau: O(Z=8); O2-; S (Z=16); S2-; Cl (Z=17); Cl-; K (Z=19); K+, Ca (Z=20); Ca2+, Fe (Z=26); Fe2+; Fe3+. V d 3: Vit y cu hnh e ca cc nt c e ngoi cng nh sau: a) 3p64s2 b) 3s23p1; c) 3s23p5; d) 4p5 e) 5p66s1 f) 3s23p6 g)3d104s2 - Xc nh tn nt? Cho bit cc nguyn t trn c bao nhiu e c thn? - Nguyn t no l kim loi, phi kim, kh him? 7

V d 4: a)Nguyn t A khng phi l kh him, nguyn t ca n c phn lp ngoi cng l 3p. Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c phn lp ngoi cng l 4s (1) Trong 2 nguyn t A,B. nguyn t no l kim loi, nguyn t no l phi kim. (2) Xc nh cu hnh e ca A,B v tn ca A,B. Cho bit tng s e c trong phn lp ngoi cng ca A v B l 7. b) Cho cc ion A+ v B2- u c cu hnh e ca kh tr Ne[2s22p6]. Vit cu hnh e ca A,B v d on tnh cht ha hc ca 2 nguyn t ny. V d 5: Nguyn t 2 nguyn t X,Y ln lt c phn lp ngoi cng l 4px v 4sy. Cho bit trong ht nhn nguyn t Y c s p = s n v X khng phi l kh him. a) Cho bit X v Y l kim loi hay phi kim. b)Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t X,Y ( bit tng s e ca 2 phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t 2 nguyn t l 7). c)C 2 ng v ca X l X1 v X2. Tng s ht khng mang in ca X1 v X2 l 90. Nu cho 1,2 gam Y tc dng vi 1 lng X va th thu c 5,994 gam hp cht YX2. Bit t l s nguyn t X1:X2 = 605:495 1) Tnh MX v s khi ca X1 , X2. 2) C bao nhiu nguyn t X1, X2 trong 1 mol nguyn t X.
2 1.90 Tng s electron trong ion AB3 l 42. Trong c A v B u c s ntron bng

s proton. a. Tnh s khi ca A v B. b. Vit cu hnh electron A, B v cc ion m A, B c th to thnh.


1.95 Ion XO3 c tng s cc loi ht c bn l 94, s ht mang in nhiu gp i

s ht khng mang in v mt n v. Xc nh in tch ht nhn nguyn t, vit cu hnh electron v cho bit X thuc loi nguyn t g (kim loi, phi kim hay kh him) ? V sao ? Bit nguyn t oxi c Z = 8.
2 1.47 Tng s ht mang in trong ion AB3 l 82. S ht mang in trong ht

nhn nguyn t A nhiu hn s ht mang in trong nguyn t B l 8. a. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t ca hai nguyn t A v B. b. Vit cu hnh electron ca hai nguyn t A v B

Dng 4. Vit cu hnh electron V d 1: Vit cu hnh e nt cc nt c Z = 9, 11, 20, 21, 24, 25, 29, 42, 47. Hi Mi nt c my lp e? Lp ngoi cng c my e? e cui cng in vo phn lp no? V d 2: Vit cu hnh e v s phn b e vo cc AO ca cc nguyn t v ion sau: O(Z=8); O2-; S (Z=16); S2-; Cl (Z=17); Cl-; K (Z=19); K+, Ca (Z=20); Ca2+, Fe (Z=26); Fe2+; Fe3+. V d 3: Vit y cu hnh e ca cc nt c e ngoi cng nh sau: a) 3p64s2 b) 3s23p1; c) 3s23p5; d) 4p5 e) 5p66s1 f) 3s23p6 g)3d104s2 - Xc nh tn nt? Cho bit cc nguyn t trn c bao nhiu e c thn? - Nguyn t no l kim loi, phi kim, kh him? V d 4: a)Nguyn t A khng phi l kh him, nguyn t ca n c phn lp ngoi cng l 3p. Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c phn lp ngoi cng l 4s (1) Trong 2 nguyn t A,B. nguyn t no l kim loi, nguyn t no l phi kim. (2) Xc nh cu hnh e ca A,B v tn ca A,B. Cho bit tng s e c trong phn lp ngoi cng ca A v B l 7. b) Cho cc ion A+ v B2- u c cu hnh e ca kh tr Ne[2s22p6]. Vit cu hnh e ca A,B v d on tnh cht ha hc ca 2 nguyn t ny. V d 5: Nguyn t 2 nguyn t X,Y ln lt c phn lp ngoi cng l 4px v 4sy. Cho bit trong ht nhn nguyn t Y c s p = s n v X khng phi l kh him. a) Cho bit X v Y l kim loi hay phi kim. b)Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t X,Y ( bit tng s e ca 2 phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t 2 nguyn t l 7). c)C 2 ng v ca X l X1 v X2. Tng s ht khng mang in ca X1 v X2 l 90. Nu cho 1,2 gam Y tc dng vi 1 lng X va th thu c 5,994 gam hp cht YX2. Bit t l s nguyn t X1:X2 = 605:495 3) Tnh MX v s khi ca X1 , X2. 4) C bao nhiu nguyn t X1, X2 trong 1 mol nguyn t X. Bi 1. Cation R+ c cu hnh e phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6 a. Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca nguyn t R? b. Vit s phn b e vo cc obitan nguyn t? c. Tnh cht hh c trng ca R l g? d. Anion X- c cu hnh e ging R+. Hi X l nt g? Vit cu hnh e nt ca n Bi 2. Hy cho bit cu hnh e : 1s 22s22p6 c th l ca nguyn t v ion no? Vit cu hnh e nt ca cc nt Bi 3. Ba nguyn t A, B, C c s hiu nguyn t l 3 s t nhin lin tip. Tng s e ca chng l 51. Hy vit cu hnh e v cho bit tn ca chng. S: 16 S, 17 Cl, 18 Ar 5 Bi 4. Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c s e mc nng lng cao nht l 4p . T s gia s ht khng mang in v mang in l 0,6429. Tm s in tch ht nhn v s khi ca X? Bi 5. Cho bit cu hnh e phn lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t sau ln lt l 3p 1 ; 3d5 ; 4p3 ; 5s2 ; 4p6.a) Vit cu hnh e y ca mi nguyn t. b) Cho bit mi nguyn t c my lp e, s e trn mi lp l bao nhiu? c) Nguyn t no l kim loi, phi kim, kh him? Gii thch? Bi 6. Cho cc nguyn t sau: A c in tch ht nhn l 36+. B c s hiu nguyn t l 20. C c 3 lp e, lp M cha 6 e. D c tng s e trn phn lp p l 9. a) Vit cu hnh e ca A, B, C, D. b) V s cu to nguyn t. mi nguyn t, lp e no cha s e ti a? Bi 7. Cho cc nguyn t v ion sau: Nguyn t A c 3 e ngoi cng thuc phn lp 4s v 4p; Nguyn t B c 12 e; Nguyn t C c 7 e ngoi cng lp N; Nguyn t D c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l 6s 1; Nguyn t E c s e trn phn lp s bng 1/2 s e trn phn lp p v s e trn phn lp s km s e trn phn lp p l 6 ht. a) Vit cu hnh e y ca A, B, C, D, E. b) Biu din cu to nguyn t. c) mi nguyn t, lp e no cha s e ti a? Tnh cht ha hc c bn ca chng 9

Bi 8. Phn lp e ngoi cng ca hai nguyn t A v B ln lt l 3p v 4s. Tng s e ca hai phn lp l 5 v hiu s e ca hai phn lp l 3. a) Vit cu hnh e ca chng, xc nh s hiu nguyn t, tm tn nguyn t. b) Hai nguyn t c s n hn km nhau 4 ht v c tng khi lng nguyn t l 71 vC. Tnh s 32 39 n v s khi mi nguyn t. S: 16 S ; 19 K Bi 9: cu hnh e ngoi cng ca mt nguyn t l 5p5. T l s notron v in tch ht nhn bng 1,3962. S notron trong nguyn t X gp 3,7 ln s notron ca nguyn t Y. Khi cho 1,0725g Y tc dng vi lng d X thu c 4,565 gam sn phm c cng thc XY. a. Vit cu hnh e y ca X? b. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi, tn gi ca X, Y? c. X, Y cht no l kim loi, l phi kim? s

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* BI TP TRC NGHIM : Cu 1. Cu hnh electron ca Cu (cho Z = 29) l: A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 4s2 C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d9 D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 Cu 2. Cho cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t sau: a. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 b. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 c. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 d. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2 Cc nguyn t kim loi l trng hp no sau y? A. a, b, c. B. a, b, d. C. b, c, d. D. a, c, d. Cu 3. Nguyn t ca nguyn t ho hc no sau y c cu hnh electron l: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2. A. Ca (Z = 20) C. Fe (Z = 26) B. Ni (Z = 28) D. K (Z = 19) Cu 4. Nguyn t ca nguyn t ho hc A c Z = 20 c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l: A. 3s2 3p2 B. 3s2 3p6 C. 3s2 3p4 D. 4s2 . Cu 5. Mt Ion R3+ c phn lp cui cng ca cu hnh electron l 3d5. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X l: a - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2 4p1 b - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2. c - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 4s2 3d8. d - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s3. Cu 6. Mt nguyn t X c tng s electron cc phn lp p l 10, nguyn t X thuc loi. A. Nguyn t s. B. Nguyn t p. C. Nguyn t d. D. Nguyn t f. Cu 7. Hy ghp cu hnh electron nguyn t ct 1 vi tn nguyn t ho hc ct 2 sao cho ph hp. Ct 1 a. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 b. 1s2 2s2 2p5 c. 1s2 2p2 2p6 3s1 d. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s e. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s Ct 1 1. S electron ti a trong lp M l 2. S electron ti a trong phn lp s l 3. S electron ti a trong phn lp p l 4. S electron ti a trong phn lp d l 5. S electron ti a trong phn lp f l
2 2 6 2 6 10 2 2 6 6 6 6 2 1

Ct 2 1. Natri (z = 11) 2. ng (z = 29) 3. St (z = 26) 4. Flo (z = 9) 5. Magi (z = 12) Ct 2 a. 12 electron b. 14 electron c. 10 electron d. 18 electron e. 2 electron g. 6 electron

Cu 8. Hy ghp na cu ct 1 vi na cu ct 1 vi na cu ct 2 sao cho ph hp.

Cu 9. 3 nguyn t X, Y, Z c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l: 17; 18; 19; X; Y, Z c th l: A. Phi kim, kim loi, phi kim. B. Phi kim, phi kim, kim loi. C. Kim loi, kh him, phi kim. D. Phi kim, kh him, kim loi Cu 10. Hy chn cc cu (a, b, c, d) v cc s (1, 2, 3, 4) cho sau in vo ch trng trong cc cu (A, B, C, D) sao cho thch hp: a. 1s c. 3s, 3p v 3d. b. 2s v 2p d. 4s, 4p, 4d v 4f. A. Lp electron th nht (n = 1) gi l lp K, gn ht nhn nht, cphn lp l phn lp B. Lp electron th hai (n = 2) gi l lp L, l lp c. phn lp, l phn lp C. Lp electron th ba (n = 3) gi l lp M, l lp c .phn lp, l phn lp.. D. Lp electron th t (n = 4) gi l lp N, l lp cphn lp, l phn lp 45 X , cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X l : Cu 11. Mt nguyn t c k hiu l 21 2 2 6 2 6 2 1 A.1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d . B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d2. C.1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3. D.1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2. 11

Cu 12 Nguyn t c tng s e l 13 th cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l : A. 3s2 3p2. B. 3s2 3p1 . C. 2s2 2p1 . D. 3p1 4s2 Cu 13. Tng s ht p, n, e trong nguyn t nguyn t A l 21. Vy cu hnh electron ca A l : A. 1s2 2s2 2p4 . B. 1s2 2s2 2p2 . C. 1s2 2s2 2p3. D. 1s2 2s2 2p5. 2 2 3 Cu 14 Mt nguyn t c cu hnh 1s 2s 2p th nhn xt no sai : A. C 7 electron. B. C 7 ntron. C. Khng xc nh c s ntron. D. C 7 proton. Cu 15. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca mt nguyn t l 2s 1, s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t l : A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 16. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t mt nguyn t l 2s2 2p5, s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t l : A. 2. B. 5. C. 7. D. 9. 2 1 Cu 17. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t mt nguyn t l 3s 3p , s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t l : A. 11. B. 10. C. 13. D. 12. Cu 18. Lp L ( n = 2) c s phn lp l : A. 1 B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 19. Cc electron ca nguyn t nguyn t X c phn b trn 3 lp , lp th 3 c 7 electron . S n v in tch ht nhn ca nguyn t nguyn t X l con s no sau y ? A. 7. B. 9. C. 15. D. 17. Cu 20. Nguyn t cacbon trng thi c bn c bao nhiu electron lp ngoi cng ? A. 6. B. 4 C. 3. D. 2. Cu 21. Dy no trong cc dy sau y gm cc phn lp electron bo ha ? A. s1 , p3, d7, f12 B. s2, p6, d10, f14 C. s2, d5, d9, f13 D. s2, p4, d10, f10 Cu 22. Cu hnh electron trng thi c bn no l ng cho nguyn t c s hiu l 16 : A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1. B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4. C.1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 4s1. D. 1s2 2s2 3p2 4p2 5p2 6p1. Cu 23 . S electron ti a c th phn b trn lp O ( n = 5) l: A. 25. B. 30. C. 40. D. 50. Cu 24. Trong s cc cu hnh electron nguyn t sau, cu hnh electron no l ca nguyn t oxi (Z = 8)? A. 1s2 2s2 2p3 B. 1s2 2s2 2p4. C. 1s2 2s3 2p4 D. 1s2 2s2 2p6. nCu 25: Mt ion M c cu hnh electron lp v ngoi cng l 3p 6, vy cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l: A. 3p5 hay3p4 B. 4s1 4s2 hay 4p1 C. 4s24p3 1 2 D. 3s hay 3s
Cu 26. Tm cu hnh electron vit sai
2 2

a. Na+ (Z =11) 1s22s22p63s2. b. Na (Z=11) 1s22s22p63s1. c. F ( = 9) 1s22s22p5. d. F-(Z=9) 1s 2s 2p6. Cu 27. Ion X2- c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t X l: a. 3s23p6. b.4s2. c. 3s23p4. d.3s23p5. Cu 28. Dy gm cc ion X+, Y- v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p6 l a Na+, F-, Ne. b Li+, F-, Ne. c K+, Cl-, Ar. d + Na , Cl , Ar.

Cu 29. Cc ion 9 F ; 11 Na ; 12 Mg 2+ ; 13 Al3+ c A. bn knh ging nhau. B. s khi ging nhau. C. s electron ging nhau. D. s proton ging nhau Cu 30: Nguyn t R c 38 ht mang in v 20 ht khng mang in, k hiu no sau y ng? 20 A. 80 B. 39 C. 19 R D. 40 19 R 38 R 20 R Cu 31. Nguyn t M c phn lp mc nng lng cao nht l 3d7. Tng s electron ca nguyn t M l: A. 24 B.25 C.27 D.29

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