Gs, Ts. LEU THO TRINH CO HOC KET CAU TAP 1 Hé tinh dinh ‘Tai ban c6 sita d6i va bé sung NHA XUAT BAN KHOA HOC VA KY THUAT HA NOI- 2006fav oun 6-605 KHKT-06 50 NAM DAO TAO 40 NAM THANH LAP 1288 ~ 12.1 -06 Léi tua (Co hos két ei la met phi klén thie co $8 dl ves ky suf thube cdc nganh x8y dung eo b&n, mon hee duge bé tr trong chong tri do tao eta nhiéu trudng dai hge nhurxay dung, glo thong, thy i, md da chat Co hoc kt edu trang bi cho ky su va sinh vign nhimng kin thie edn tito il quyét cdc bal toan thu t6 c6 llén quan En cae knau ti thist Ké, thdm ginh dn thi cong va a8 nghién eis obo mén kj thust Khéc che cchuyen ngann. ido tinh Co he Két cifu dupe bién soan nhim glup ce kj su va sinh \ién nghién ctu, luygn tp kh nang phan teh tinh chit chu ie ca keto V7 nang tinh toan ket edu chiu cdc nguyén nhan tae dung thuong gp trong thuc t8 hu ti trong, sy thay a6i nist &, chuyén vi cung bee eb cfc lin kEt,ché tao cdc thanh khéng chinh xa. ‘V8 nei dung, gi tri duge bién soan nhim dap (mg yéu cfu vé hoe va ‘day phi hap vei chong tinh mén hoe high Hanh trong cde tung dal hoc, kkhéng tham vong trinh bay éuge édy ai cc knla canh phong phi, da dang cela Ca hoc kst ef rong ln ti bn nay, tac gd 4: Chinn sda nhing sai st trong cusn Co hge Két eu xudt bn nim 2000. 188 sung mst 56 npi dung nhdm mye dich nang 80 va phuc wy cho cae ‘mén hge ehuyén men, “Tae gid chin thanh cm on cde Can bo gléng day trong bo mén Ca hoc két Bu va BO mén Céu Hm 48 £6 nig y kién déng gp quy bau cho cub Co hoc Ket cu xust bin nam 2000, d9e bigt cBm on Ths. Lév Mpc Lan di ‘66 nhing gidp €8 cy thé cho bn thio trong tn tl ba, Ching 61 mong tig tye nhign duge sy quan tam va ning y kién déng gép cela ban doe cing cdc dng nghisp. TAc GiAKy hiéu cac dai lugng H6 to3 dp z teye than x.y hye chinh tung tim cla tt didn; a8 toa above. Cae dae trung vét gu E _nddun dan n6i kh kéo hose nén (médun Young); » hi 86 bign dang ngang (hé $6 Poisson): ——_-médun dann kl tut; @ NO 86 dan nd dai vi niet oda vat fu Cae ge trung hinh hoc A digntich tit ibn 'S.1, W_ mémen fn, momen quan tinh vat momen chéng uén aba tt sien; SeeSy_ rmbmen th d6i v6 rye x va 66 vl trey: ‘momen quiin tinh 66 vo try x va 06 vi tye ye ‘xémen qué tnh ly tam 46 vin trye ay, mémen chéng uSn cia tit dign trong mat phing uBn yz va mat phing uén x2; Wgg momen chéng uén déo cf tit ei trong mat pring uh ya 1 mbmen qu tinh eve (86 v6 fc tom 4). Ngoal Ive va phéin Ive PWetBp tring > ceting 48 ue phn b6 ign th @ cextng 46 ke phn b& theo dung, vudng abe v6l tre than t ceuting 49 lye phan bé theo dung, tsp tuyén v6 ruc than; M mormon tip trang m eating &@ momen phan b5: Rm phn ye tal ln kt do mguyin nan, Fyn phan ye ta én Két do nguyén nhan m bing don vi "am pn eon wil no chy rg Be Hn atm; Fim phi he dom va in tk bo ue Pr Pe ‘tBltrongtitu chun; tA trong tan oan. Cae ung suat p..¢ img sust tod phén, (ng sust pha, cng sus ip 3) siéihen oc gidi han chiy; 2% tian bn gong sult ot han [eo] tg subt cho phép: Ree —_eufng 6 tibu chu, ste chu tidu un: Fy eutng 6 thn tos, se hj tin oan, Noi tye 1N.M,Q_cécthdnh phn ngi ye trong bal tosn phn: IIT, ke than phn m8 ve doe don vi gy a: N edge: Mz mBmen ub rong mat phéra yz (mémen wéh quanh true %); 1M, mbmen un rong mat phéng x2 (mémen wén quanh trey) -M, —_m&men xo8a (mémen xoén quan ruc 2) 1.0, Weck theo phusng x vay ct theo phung yi yy mémen uéa gi han: Bi6in dang va chuy6o v1 vim dang xoayt7 8 (ge hop lie ha tt ign te mt phn {5 thanh 6 chu dai bing don vi ki phn t6b bin dang) £ ln dang doe te at 7 ign dana tut 4 bin dang dai cia dogn than;@ ——gbe xn 66 eda thanh; im —_ehuyBav tu8ng mg v6 va phuang cla We Pk do nguyen aan Zim ehuya vi cut bot en KB 8 rang tlm 1.8 vbg v8 gbe xoay cba Nt ign thanh chu win trong mat hing yz Jim ehuyBn v don vj twang ding vv tv phuong cba We Pk do We Pm: Sim cu vd v tang ng vl vt v8 phuong cba Wye Pk do chuyén v exdng bie Zm. Cc ky higu Khe vb 8 iu chins, 8 wl ay phn Bé Khdng 66u cda tng sult tio, Seal tugng nghian oS: Fal wong nghlen ctu S dove dn vi oy ra; (5) bi6u 68 oda dei vena S; (S) bu 68 cba dai tugng nghién eit S do ye don vl oy re: T —efng eds ngoa We: A obngeta note: Vth rng bin dang dan Up tb nang eda ngot ue: tim, fam &8 bin tin nhit 0 & thd bn va thd than; tem dB bin thin nh@t 6 tye than ne su Shh, bbe sidu dog, hb $6 wat ti (hd 86. tn cy wétd trong) kh s6antoan; + Nb 86 dibukign lm vig: nN 98d tn cy theo chi nang cia kt ou wR 88 9 tin cby eka vat iu (8 65 dng cht cba v8 iu). Mo dau 1. BSI tugng va nhiém vy cila Co hoe két edu Ca hoe Kei ci la men Khoa hoe the ghigm, tinh bay cde phép tinh idm tra d9 bén, dd cing va do dn dink eb cdc ng tinh ape ch 0 ce vat thé big dang, chiutée dung ev c&e nguyen nhan Khe nha nut tai trong, sy thay dBi nbigt do va bien tug ln Tinh cong trinh vé d9 bén shim bio dim cho cng tinh c6 khi ning chu te dung cia ti trong cng nhu eda efe nguyen nhtn Khe mi Khong bi Ph hos, Tinh cong trinh vé 6 cimg shim bio dim cho cong wiah khong ob chuyén vi ln va rung dng lém c6 thé lim cho cdng tink mit trang thi 1am vige bin thvémg ngay ci khi div kien bén vin bio dim. Tinh cong trinh vé mat bn dink Ws tim bidu kha nang bio totn vi tri vi hin dang ban déu cha cOng trinh dusi dang can bing trong trang thai bie dane. “Tuy ndi dung nghién edu cia Soe bén vat ligu va Co ge két ef ging ‘shaw nhung pham vi nghien city o6 Khe nhau, Sie bén vat ligu nghien eu ‘ch tinh dp bén, do cing va do én din cia ting cu kignrieng 8. Co hoe gt cu nghien cau toan bo cong tinh gém hia ef kien ring wé lien ket Gi hav tao thinh mot ket cfu €6 kh ng chiu lye va nghien eds phuong hip tinh toan céc két ctu 46. DS Ik sy phan biet dé ging day edn tong ‘ghign ety cing c6 nhiu vin 48 d6ng thd cing thuge Tinh we cia ef mon hoe, (Nig vic chit yéu cia Co ge ket eu Ih xe dink noi Ie (cOm got Id ng |e) va chuyén vf trong cong tinh, BO béo, 69 edng va dd én dinh cia cong trinh 6 lin quan dé tinh cht co hoe cba vA iu, hinh dang va kich thude ci cau kin, noi lye phat sinh va phat trién trong eng tri, Hom fa kich thude cia efi ign lai phy thuge ngi Ive trong ea kien 46. Do 46 cong vite du tien Khi tinh cong win 1d xe dinh trang thai noi lue va bin ‘dang phan b6 trong cng trinh dui ce we dong ben ngoti 15 ‘Trong thye 16 thug gp hal Logi bai tf * Bai ton kim tra: Ta gp bai toén ny Kh e6 sin cOng tinh, we 1 A ‘biet hinh dang, kich thuse cia céng tink cing nhu di biét due céc ‘nguyen nhan tée dong ben ngod. Trong truong hop niy efn phi xée dinh trang thai ni lute va bin dang cba he dusi céc tic dong bén ngodi eb thé xy radé pin dodn xem cong tein c6 bio dim dis bén, di cig va di én int hay khéng, c6ng tinh thit ke e6 kinh hay khong? 1 Bai ton thide kei Ta pnp bhi toém my ki cén thiét Ke cOng tein ie Lk ‘cin x&e dinh hinh dang, kich thude cu thé eia cde edu ki trong cong. tninh mot edch hop Ij dé cho e6ng trinh &6 khi nang thda mn diéu kien bn, digu kien cdng va digu kign én dinh dui tie dong ci ede nguyen hin ben ngoai da bie. Bé gidl bi codn nly nub thiét ke thudng phi da vio kinh nghiém hode st dung cfc phuong phép thigt ke so b9 pan ing dé gid thiet trade hinh dang, kich hude cia efe cv kign tong cone teinh, Tiép 6, tigh hanh gid bal tos kidm ta hur 48 noi & tren 46 xem cng tinh vou mei gid thet c6 théa main cfc diéu kien bén, diéu kitn ‘img, didu kien 6n dinh hay Khng, €6 bio dim tétkiem riguyen vat lieu hay Khong, Tren oo si 46 ngudi tiet k€higu chinh Ia gi tht ban du a chon. [Nhu vay, trong cd hai foi bai ton kidm tra va thet ke ta du phi bit cekeh xe dinh trang théi noi lye v2 bign dang phitn bs trong cong trinh Khi ‘cho bit hinh dang kich thichthude ela e&c ea kien trong cOng tinh v8 fe te dong ben ngodi ‘Sau ki mda co hoe ket eu gid quyét vin dé noi lye va bien dang cba cng tin, ede mon ky thust chuyen mén ahr Ket cf thép, Ket cau betdng, Ketel g8, Két ed gach df s8 can eit vao cdc ket qua tinh ng Iye (8 tim due déng’ thei tDy theo tinh mang cia vat lieu do efe mon dé raghign cu dé tigp ty hon thign vee tinh tosn cOng tinh. Do d6 Ca hoe Fei ef 18. mon ky thutt ea 38, chuin bj phuc vu cho e&e mon ge chuyen men, [Not ra, Corhoe ket ety cdn & nit vy nghitn edu dang hop fy cia fe cong tinh bio dim yeu ef tit kigm vat ligu aktt eng nhu nghien ctu fe quy lugthinh thanh cng tiah bo dim cho céng trnh khong bi thay {86 dang hinh he duci tie €Ong cia cfc nguyen nhan ben ngodi. CCohoe ket efi [al mon tha hge thye mghigm: do dé ede Khaw Ig Iwan vi thuc nghigm c6 lin quan mat thist voi naw, Thy nghigm 6 thé tin Bink {rude hoge sas Khi sing t20 ly lutn, 40: kh tién hanb et trade Un st ‘Thue nghi¢m tia hanh truge Khi séng tg IY luén him phat hign ohing, Tihtn t6 co bin trong d6i tuomg aghién edu, dng thd cing phithien nh Thin 6 thd yeu €6 thé BO qua duge dé dom gidn ha bude dic Ket lf ludn ‘Thue nghiém tig hh sau khi sing tg ly lun nhiim kiém ta ket qua tim duge bing 1y lugn. Chi ¢6 nhing cOng tinh nghien cu nao duce thve ‘nghigm xe nhgn mdi xing déng duce tn ety. ‘Mon Ca hoe ket eau git mot vai trd quan trong d&i vi ky su xty dim am cong tke tht KE cling nh thi cdng. Co hoc Ket cy trang b cho ky su hist [ee chong tthe pip ho phat hign duge trang thai phin bd noi ye va bia ‘ang trong cOng tri va do 46 tim duge nhng hinh dang hop ly cla cong Wh the hign duge mot edch dy di va hop IY mhng nght sang tao cia mints Mon boe nay gid ning ngudi Tam cOng tc thi cong c6 kha nang fidu bei dong din sy lam vigc cba cong tinh loai tt dage nhimg this sot trong khi xty dmg, quyét dink mot céch diing din vé kich thude cdc di fifo, cde thet bi lip rip vA o6 Khd nang quy6tdinh thay the eds kg my bing efi kitn ke twong duong... 2. So dé tinh cita céng trinh [Néi chung, khi xée din noi Iye trong cOng tinh, neu xét dn mgt cch Chin xde'v8 dy db tt eb ee yo 16 hin hoe cia cfe ey Kign th bai ton 2 qué phe tgp. Do dé eting nbs e&e man khoa hoe Khe, Co hoe két cai phil dine phuomg php tn tugmg khoa hoc dé thay thé cOng trink thye bing t0 6 tin cba 6. 'S0 66 tinh eta céng tinh 1 inh anh dan gién hoa ma vin béo dém phan énh dug sat voi sua vigc tue de céng tinh “Trong 40 4S tinh ng ta luge bd ede yéu 1 Khong. ca bin va chi xét én cde ye 16 chi yeu quy8t dink khd nang lam vige cla eng trinh. Khi tinh {ait cn tm ech thay thé cOng tah thye bing so d6 tinh hop 1¥ co 1a Iya chon so 46 tinh. Lua chon so 46 tinh 8 cong vige Kh phe tp vi da dang. Khé 6 thé new rang quy tie o6 tinh chit ting quat vé win 48 ny. Vige chon 50 46 tint Ching ahing tay thuge vio Binh dang ket efu va tim quan trong cia n6, fy thude vio khé ning tinh tof, by thuge vio quan he ty I gida do cong (ia cdc cas kin trong cng tinh mA cbn thy thuge vio ti trong va tinh °‘hit tée dung citi tong. Khi lua chon sa tinh ching nhing phai xem ‘Et ce gi thigt dom gin hoa o6 thé chap nhan duge khong, ching ning ‘hi kiém tre xem so tinh c6 di phn dn st thy t8 vE ede di kien oO ‘én, do cimg, 8n djnh mi dn phil chi ¥ khio sé them ede yeu edu kinh 1,3 thuat kde i, ‘rong thye t6, d& chuyén cong tinh thy v8 so 6 tint tuomg dng, thug ‘fn thue hign hai buse bien d8i sau, % Bude thit mhdtz Chuyén cong tinh thyc v8 s0 46 cia cong tinh. Bude ‘ny duge thye hign theo mgt s6 nguyén th thay the gin ding nu sau: ‘#Thay cfc thanh bing dudng trang gian gol Ik true, Thay e&e bin hose vv lng ede mBt trang gian. ‘#Thay tii dign bing efe dai lugng d8c trumg nhu diem ich A, momen ‘quSo tinh 1. cia tet dign, ‘# hay ee thiet bj ya bling ed lien ket a ly tung (khong ma si) + Din cfc ti tryng tée dung tren mat cfu kign v8 truc eds eu ki, °% Buabe hit hat: Chuyéa so 46 cia cong tinh vé s0 46 tinh cia cOng tein, © base nay, mtu etn, ta b6 qua them mot $6 yéu 8 git vai ed tht yeu trong se lam vige cba cong tinh nhkm bo dim cho So 46 tinh phd hop vi kha ning tinh toén cia ngui thi ke. Vi du, véi eng tinh din van cung tren hinh La, sau khi thye hign ef hep bin d6i trong buse tht mht, ta duge so d6 cia cong rinh nh tren hinh 16. Néu ding so d6 nay dé tinh tos vei quan nigm mat din (giao «idm cia ede thanh) durge xem 1A nt eng, nghia la xem chuyén Vf (ox cchuyén div te khi chia ly) thing va chuyén vj g6c cha ede d&u thant ‘quy ty & mBi ndt ahu nha, thi bai tog 38 rit phe tap ne khong C6 se tno ip cia may tinh dient Teen thye t&, 4€ don gid hoa eéch tnt din nguti ta thuimg quy di tii trong vé mit din va gid tiét xem ee mit ela din nbu cde Kop 19 tuéng, ‘aha 18 quan nigm cfc thank quy ty vao mit e6 thé xoay ty do, khong ma si, Sau khi thye hign ech don gidn héa 46, a duge he tén hinh le, 8 30 166 tinh cia cong tinh, [Néu so-d8 cia cOng winh 4 phi hop vi khé nang vit yeu edu tinh todn {hi 6 thé chap nhan lamso 6 tinh ma kong cf don gin he them nt 10 Vi du, v6i be Khung eho tren hin 2a, sau khi thae hign phép bign i 8 bade thi nbs ta 05 0 46 cong tinh nh tren hinh 2, Sod6 may cling I 50 66 tinh ‘ii phi hop v6i kha nang tinh toda, Nhu trea di n6i, eéch chon so \ 46 tinh eta cong trinh Ia mee ‘nd ph tp va quan trong v1 » ht huong ket qu tinh tosn phy thuge rt nhigu vio 50 46th, Cang cf nin manh them ring ‘gu thet KE Tua bn phis trich nhigm ty kiém tra xem 3046 tinh 48 chon 66 phi hop v6i thu 1 khong, o6 phn én chin xée ° su Tim vie thue té ea cong tah hong. Néu vige ya chon sa. d5 tinh ym tn higu gid thist dom | aidn héa 6 thé din déo sai ech Gui lin 80 v6 sv lim vige thye © «= —) ca cdg tinh thi mgudi thigt ke inn 4 phai tign han tinh ton lai voi so Sih mle dr en note fF inh 2 si voi hing phép tin so bo, s0 46 tinh 66 thé dom gin, tho 30 cdn di v6i nhimg bude tinh todn 6 tinh chat quyét dinh thi so d6 tinh phil hota thign, chat che u3. Phan loai céng trinh ‘C6 ahiw efch phn loai cOng tein. Dubi day ta s8 tim higu mot vBiedch ph loa thudng dupe si dung. A. Phan loai theo sa d6 tinh ‘Thea eéch may ta chia ede cong traf thinh hal logis hf png vd hy khong sian 4. Hb phing: Khi ut ch eke @) habe Bs whe ‘fa Kien eli cOng im trong mot ping va) gg {i trong cing chi tée dung Hon 3 ‘Trong hé phing. dua theo inh dang cia cong tinh a) rgudi ta edn chia thinh hiéu dang ket es khéc shaw: ‘6 dim (hint 3a, by: » ‘6 dan hinh 43,6); + vom (hinh 5 ¢ khung (hinh 6, 6); 1+ he ign hop (he treo ren Haha 71h he litn hop aida din va day xich, iaieent fe 7 a 2. HB khdng gian: khi fe efu kign ola cong tinh khong nim trong ‘cing mot mat phing hode nlm trong cing mgt mit phing nhung ti trong ide dung. ngodi_ mit ping cia cOng tinh, Nhting he khong gian tht ep I + dm urge giao inh 8); + dan khong gian (phn ‘duti Kink 99) + kung khong gian (phn gi hinh 9b) + bin vinh 9); “+ v8 (hinh 94, 0. inh a 4g tion B: Phan loai theo edch tinh cong trink ih tin todn cong tinh, n6i chung ta phil sit dung ede iu kign sau: 1 Didu kgn cn bing tin hoe ‘# Didu kign dng hoe hay cbn gol Ib didu kien Ninh hoe, diéu ign lien tue vé bign dang (big thi sy twong quan Kinh ge gida cfe diém tren ‘cong tah; ching han diy kign biduthj chuyén vj tai hai tiet diem ké ha trén cOng tinh Ta nb nha hoge khde nhaw wai mot gid ti io 65). B* Dida kitn vit Iy bidu this lien he gid ngi-tue va bign dang (su bien 446i hinh dang) eva cong tinh Ty theo eéch van dung cfc digu ign n6i tren trong mgt khdu tinh toén ‘mio d6, u c6 the pan loa cong trinh theo mot tong hai ech sau 1. Phin toai theo sy edn thiét hoge khéng efn thiét phi sir dung iéu kign déng hoc kh xae dinh n9l Ive trong he ‘Theo ch ny ta e6 hai lsi he “+ He tinh dinh 14 nhong he Eh chja ti trong ta €6 thé xde djnh duge ‘i Iue trong he chi bing ede du kien ean bing inh hoc. Vide, ee he tren inh 3a; 4a; Sa va 6a nh din, “+ He seu fin Lk nhing be Ki chi ti trong, nu ch sk dung oe digu kkign cin bing tinh hoe khong thoi th chia dt dé xée dinh gi Ive ‘wong he. Dai wi cdc he nly ngodi none diéu ki cn bang tinh hoe "a cn psi dung ede digu kin dong hoc vi cde digu kien vat I "Nh he vé ttn hin 3b; 4b; Sb; 6b vA 7 Ia sieu ia, 2, Phan ogi theo sy cn thiét ho8e Khéng e&n thiét phat sit dung igu kign cin bing khi xée dinh bin dang ela hp Theo edch ny t 66 hai loa he: nn 10 + He xe dinh dong 18 nidng he khi chiu chuyén vj cumg bie (sy chuyén ddi vj tf eho biet tai mot hoge mot 36 na no 6 trén cng tinh) ta c6 thé xée din duce bién dang cha he chi bing ede digu Kien dong hoe. ‘Tren hinh 10a ta: mot vid vE he xe dinh dong. Khi mt A cia he chuyén vj ngang cung bie I 4, ti ede didu kign inh ge tad ding ‘de dinh duoe su thay 46i chifu dhi cia timg cfu kign, te 14 xée dlink dupe bign dang cia he. + He sieu dong 1k nhing be ki chiu chuyéa vi cudng bic, név chi ‘ing cde di6u kien dong hoc khong thoi th chua di dé xde dinh bin dang cia he, Lie nay ta cén phi bé sung them eée digu kien cén being cin hoe. ‘Hg ten Hinh 106 Bi he situ dong. That vay dus téc dung cia chuyén i eung bic 4, céc eu kign tong he bi won cong vA Khong thé xc inn ngay duce bit dang trong ede eu kin theo ce dtu kién inh hoe don tht Ngoli ra, ngubi ta cdn phan Joa cong rin theo nhigu efch kh nbur % Phan Losi theo kid mang thay déi hinh dang hinh hoc cia cong tah (cer chuong 1). 4% Phan lopi theo kich thude hinh hoc tog AB? ela ede edu kign. Toy theo 49 lon cis kich thuée inh hoe eda efe efi kign ngidi te chia tinh ba loi + Than Ckich thade ch cau kin c6 mgt chi8y lén so vi bi chidw edn Wa; + Ban (kich thude ca cu kien 66 hal cid lim s0 wi chidu cdn ai + Kid (koh thude cia eu kien theo ea chigu gin bing nha), 4. Cc nguyén nhan gay ra néi lye, bién dang va chuyén vi C6 nhiéu nguytn ahn gay ra noi lye, bien dang va chuya vi trong cong tinh. Dusi day i ee nguyen nhtn thug gp vita s8 nghien ecu: a. Tal trong ‘Tai trong ey ra noi Ive, bn dang vA chuyén vi trong eéng trinh va duce ‘phn Jogi nh sau: 1. Phan logi theo that glan tac dyng + Til trong law di 8 nhing ti trong tée dung trong sust qua tinh Him vige cia cong tinh. Vid: trong lug bin thin cia cong tinh, “+ Til trong tam thot IA nhOng ti trong chi tée dung tren e@ng tinh trong timg thoi gian ngin so vi toin bo thai gian lam vige ela cdng twink. Vi dy: ti trong gi6, ti trong don nguti Phan loai theo vi ti tac dng “ Tl trong bat dong fa nhing ti trong £6 vj tr Khong thay déi trong 1s{qué tinh Tar vige ea cong inh. VE du: trong tumg bin thin, tong Tgng ede thst bj dat tren cong tinh 4+ Tit rong Al déng Id ng ti trong c6 vit thay 46 tren cong Win. ‘Vi du: ti tong, doin xe la, 610, dota ngubi fu chay. '3. Phin loai theo tinh chat tae dung . “Tai trong tée dung tnh 1h nhing ti rong te dung mot céch ahip hing, tt, tang dn len 6) git cust cling ea nd trong qua tink ‘ie dune khong gay ra lye quén tint + Tai trong tie dung dng [8 ahing ti trong Khi Se dung tren cong tiinh e6 ply ra le quén tinh, Vid: ti trong tée dung dt ngot cing mot be Wo todn bil tela n6, ti trong va cham (trong lueme bia tren coe), ti tong €6 git thay déi theo thot gian mo eéch tush, hon (eng eo di¢n e6 Khoi lugmg lech tim quay trong Kh lam vige), Iedia chan (ong dit). [Ngoti ra, ngudi ta edn phn Losi theo hin thie ea ti trong nh ti rong, vp tung, ti trong phan Bg (nem Sac én vat lieu). B. Su thay At nhige dd ‘sw thay d8i nhigt 9 gy ra bign dang va chuyén vi trong tt ef eS hes spy m ng trong he sign Gn nhumg khong gAy ea nd Ive trong he tin Gin (xem chi tet rong ede cheng 4¥8 5). C. Su chuyén vi ewtng bite cita ode lién két, su ché tao cdc edu ign khong chinh xde vé Kich thube hink hoe CCang nin trvimg hep thay 46 nhige 4, c4e nguyen nan nby gay ra bie dang va chuyen vj tong tat ch cdc loa hes gly ra ngi Ive trong he sit Tinh ohumg khong gay ra noi luc trong he ci dinh (xem chi it trong cde etnaomg,4 ¥8 5) 5. Cac gid thiét - Nguyén ly céng tée dung és tinh ton ma vn bio dim phn énh duge sit v6i sy lam vige thye t€ cia cong tinh trong Cethoc kt cu thing thts nhén mot s6 i tit ea bin. 4. Gid thidt vat ligu dn hl tuy@t déi vA tua theo din lust Hooke ‘pehia I git bign dang vi noi lye 66 sy Ldn he tuyén tinh (xem Suc bén variigu) 6 Gi hit ny bid thi didu Kien va ly cba bai voén. [Néi chip nn gi tht my thi BA tim duge got TR dm hd cuyen sin ‘Trong ating traf hp khong cho phép chp nbn gi tht ny thi ai oan age got la phi myn hay hi tay wt 1. 2. Gia thi8t bign dang va chuyén vi trong he rt nhd, nga [A dud te ‘song ea ede nguyen nitn bén ngos, inh dang cia edn trinh thay di tat ft cho phép ta 68 thé si dung efe lien he gén ding gia cfc dai luomg, hinh hoe. Ching han, nu goi 0 1 gée xoay cia mot tet dién mdo dS tren ong tinh trong qua tinh bign dang th theo gid thist ny ta 66 thE viet sind =0; 800; cos 1. Do 6, Khi xée dinh ni lye ea e6 thé thye hign theo so dé Khong big dang cba cong tinh. Nghia 1A mac di dud tée dung cia ti trong. Ong rink c6 thay ai hin dang shing Ki tinh noi Iveta vin ding ede Kich thade Biah hoe twang dng vi inh dang ban df ca cOng rin Di wi nhing traimg hap aby bai ton won ngang déng tho vi won doc trong Sée bén vat liu ching haa, néu dang gid thiét nay thi o6 thé mc fn ohm sa 56 thuge vé bin chet, do d6 phai xée dinh noi Iue theo trang thi bién dang. [Nei chp nh gi thigt my th BA tin due goi IA uyén tink ink ho: Ki khong ehigp nhgn duge gi thist nly th bai tosin duge go 1 phi yet Ink hoe v4 céch tinh s& kt phic tap vi edn duge thye hign theo 30 d5 big dang cia cng ten 1Néa cong tinh nghign ctu dép dng duge cdc gi thiet 1 vi 2 tht kh in Cong trinh d6 ta duge phép Sp dung mot nguyen IY goi IA nguyen 1 cong tae dung Noi dung nguyén ly cong tée dung: ‘Mek dei laang nghién eis ndo a6 (ching han phn Ive, ol lve, chuyén Win) do mot s6 nguyén nan (ngos! Ive, si thay a6) nhiet 60.) d6rg tha cing tac dung trén cng trnh ay ra duce xem nhus tng dei sb hay tng hinh hoe nhang gi tr thanh phén cia dai lusng 3 do ting Inguyéin nh tae dung riéng r8 gy ra. Ly tng da s6 néu dai lung nghin ctu 1A v6 hung cdn iy tng vEcto i dai luge nghidn ct dug bidu th bing che véct. ‘Vid, edn xée dinh 69 din ca thank eh Ine Py, Pz va su thay &61 niet 4 chinh 11a). Néw got dy Hd din cia thanh do riéng Iye Py gay 1 ”18 (inh 110), 4 8 49 din cba thanh do ring Iwe Pz gy ra (hinh 1c) va. 18 do dn cia thank do rigng su thay d6i niet 49 gay ra (hin 11d) theo nguyen ly cong te dung tae thé viet: Anat ata. $4 HSS, ® S25,Py + SPrt aot BPat nt SyPat SQ) ugg nghitn eta do e&e Wye Py, Pay» Pky ow» Pn VOW thay 461 nhigt dd hoke ede nguyen nhan khse Séng thoi gay Sk -dgilugng nghien edu do rtng Ive Pe gay ra; ‘5, 6ai lug nghien ei do riéng lye Pr e6 gi ti bng dom vet Wve ayn, Pas eo ‘S,~ai ugg nghitn ctu do riéng sy thay 46i nhigt do gay ra ‘Tu bigu thie (2) ta thay nguyen Iy cong the dung bi tj sy Tien he tuys tinh gia di lugmg nghien et $v6i ti trong. [Nguyen ly cong tie dung hay cdn goi I nguyen IY de lap de dung cia cede ude dong bén ngodi, gid mot vai tr quan trong trong Ca hoe Ket ci. ‘Voi nguyen ly nay ta 06 thé xAy dag duge cfc thu ton don gid nbung. vin thda min duge yeu fu chin xe tong thye 1. Cing ef alin manh them Ta nguyen IY eg tke dung chi sp dung duge cho nhing bai tosn luyén inh vé vat ly cng nh v8 hinh he. CAU HOI ON TAP 1. Boi chiga niem wu vit doi wong nghitn cu eda e€e mon hoe: Co hee | thuyét, Sie bn vat ign va Co hoe ket 2. ¥ nghia eda so-d6 tinh cong tinh. BE chuyén cOng tinh thye vé s0-d6 tinh, edn thye hin nhu the nto? 3. Phan bet cfc losi hg sau: he tinh doh, bg stu inh, he xée din dng, he sieu dong. 4. Phin bitte logit trpng sau: ti trong bét dng, ti trong di dog, i ‘rong te dung tinh vat rong the dang dng. 5. Phat bidu noi dung nguyen ly eng ta dung va Sp dung. hich ede didu kienPhan tich cau tao hinh hoc 1 cia cac hé phang Ket cu ding trong xty dmg thutmg duge ef (90 te nhigu vat thé ni vi inhau dé edng chiu ede nguyen nha tic dog bén ngoai nh tt trong, Cach Who e6 thé thye hign dust ni Hinh thic kiée ahaw nung digu eo bin TA {dud te dng ela tt trong, ket clad vn gi duce Ninh dang hinh hoe ban (div ma khong dupe sup &6, Do 46, truce Khi di vao tinh tin cOng tein, inpudl KF su phi bigt ede quy te cho phép cfu tg be thanh 6 kh nang Chiu duce ti trgng, Trong chong ny thyc hign nig vy 46.461 voice Ne phing 4.4. Khai nigm ma dau DDE nay dmg quy tée ef tg0 hinh hoc eda he thanh ping ta cfu tim higu ce Khai nem sa A. He bat bin hink He bat bin inh (BBH) 1 bo Kh chu tl tong vin gia nguyén disc hinh dang hinh he ban dBu cla nd néu ta xem bién dang dén Ni (ha cae vét thd la khong ding Ké, Hoke xem che eéu kibn cba he 18 yet ci cing. He ten hinh 1.1 1 BBH vi du6i te dung iia ti trong, nu xem cde cfu ign la tye 44 cing th he vin gid nguyen. dang inh hnge ban du, Thyc vay, Khi xem cfc efit ign AB, BC, AC Te tuy@t d6i cing te IAA c chiéu dti cha ching kvong d6i tht nb ta dt Dit, voi ba canh xe dinh tachi 6 thé dmg hea ‘Guage mgt tam pide day nll ABC ma thei “Ter mgt vi truimg hop de bigt edn n6i chung efe ket cf trong xy dung phi fa he BBH. He BBH 6 kh nang chu ti tongs n0i Tye ph ‘inh trong hé ea bing wi ngoat Iu. 20 Pp B. He bigs hink | biénhinh (BH) 18 nd kh chi tl trong 88 thay a8 hinh dana inh hoc mot cach haw hen mBc a fa xom céc ed kign cla he 8 tuyet Oct amg. Ket efy tn Hinh 1.2 1 he BEL Duti the dung cia tii trong, he ‘ABCD 6 thé thay déi dang hin hoe how han va 6 thé sup d6 theo dhuimg dit nét AB'CD ah tren Bn 1.2 mie db ta xem cfc thanh AB, BC, CD ls tye di cig. TNéi chung ket cu bigh inh khong 6 khit ning Chie i tryng, do dS trong 8 c6ng tinh xAy dame, ngui ta khong ding he BH. ‘Doi kh trong thue té ngudi ta cing ding he BH a chu Ive néu ti tong tée dung o6 thé fam eho he ‘nim trong trang thai fn bing. Vi du he dy xich trem inh 1.3 8 he BH (kh ei trong tie dung theo phuomg ngang, he thay 46: ‘dang inh hoe ban 4éu) nhung vin o6 Kha nang chu Ive tic dung dee theo ede mit xich (phuomg, P ang). sion 13 C. He bien hink te thoi 1p bin hin ts tho! (BHT) Ihe kh chiv ti trong 88 thay dt dang inh hge ve cling bs (ndu bé qua cBe lugng vd cing bé b&c ceo vé suv thay 281 kich tude hinh toe) mac dl ta xem cée cu Kign cba he 18 tuyot ai camg. ‘Sau ki thay dé dgng hinh hoe v6 cing bé, he Ii trsnen bat bign hin. Tren hinh 1.4 1a mot vi dy om giin vé he BHTT. Bé xxée mhgn difu 6 te cfn ‘cing minh digm B chi 6 hi ning chuyén ddi_ mot dogn BB" v0 cing bé oh 14 "Tagt vay, dui td dung ct ti tong, diém B thude thanh AB 66 khuyoh, 2hung chuyén dong theo udug tn tm A bn inh AB. Tuong ty, idm ‘B thie thanh BC e6 Khuyns hueng chuyéa dong theo dung tba ttm C bi kink CB. Vi ABC thing hing nén ha dug tn 6 ip Xe iB. Do 6 idm B 6 khi ning chuyEn di vo cing bé theo phuomg, cia ip uyen chung 1B véi met ueng bing & Chuyén db v6 cing bé ny o6 thé xay ra duge bai vi d9 chen Itch gia chigu di cia efe thanh & vit nim nghidng va vit nd ngang la dai lugng. vo ching bE bec hal. That vay, ching han vi thanh BA 40 cheat lech ny hog: anna see HY fof PS Sau khiB chuyén dd vo cing bé ti 8, diém B’c6 khuynh hutng chuyén bi theo fa dug trdn o6 tam A vA’ C v6i bin kink AB" v8 CB’. Hal, E. Bae tudo Ki nigm vé bfe w do 45 duce tinh bay trong, Cotige casi 6 day chi ne la dinh nga: Bac ty do cla he 18 86 thong 86 6 Ip 0 a6 xae anh v ti cba he 461 vo mgt hs kbc dsc xem Ia ba dong. oi voi mot he tre toa do bst dong tong mat phing. mot diém 6 hai bbe tw do 1 hai chuyén dong tinh tien theo hal phuong bit ky kh nha, ‘con mot miging eng e6 ba bac ty do Th hai chuyn dong tinh ign theo hal phuong bit ky khde nha va mot chuyén dong quay quanh gino diém cis hai phuong 6. 4.2. Cc loai lién két Dé néi cée ming eng véi nhau ta ding ede lien ke. Liem ket o6 thé don side hay phe tp. A. Lign két don gin ibn kt on gin 1 i Kt ch nha ming cing vi nha. Lien ket dom gin duge chia thinh ba loa nh sau: 1. Lidn kit logi mgt hay ién kétthanh pene te ee eaten ci fale na ee ee waninn LWA eee ea can cans SSeS SEE pl eee = huyén theo pong doe te than, DS TH, es eee SoS at ae we VE mat fink hoc, trong lin két thanh: et ees eee onan [Niu vay, mo lem ket thanh Khit ee mot bg ng do va ph sinh wrong 48 met phn le doe true than nn 18 2m4 ‘Can vio ia chit ni ttn ta thay eu tgo cia tien Ket than khong fond shit pai Ta thanh thing nb ten nh 1.7a ma e6 thé [a mot mien ‘ing bat mi Ia hai 8 o6 kh 1 twimg nb tren hinb Le. Tong truth, hop my lien ket vin Khir duge mae be ty do theo phuong dee theo dung not hai Khgp va tong iéy ket vin phat sinh mot phin Ive hg theo phuong néi ten, Lien ket thanh I Khai nigm mé rong eta gotta di dong. Ligm ke than rmigng bit kj cbn goa di dong I Tien ket ding €€ nt 1 vt tri, Néa xem ti At La mot mig eg th B61 ‘than vin i onal ney tn kp casual hp ih 188 Fda len aasay atom oy ere aninenarrnn Tehthnuae Pa ye Me do sie va I vite eg B lao chnda Se te cy ok ae tle dg reed Soucy emniey cg tai kop A. Trong lign ket s& phat sinh mgt phin lye dit tai K ahumg cK) phuong bit kj) nen thudng due phn tich thinh bai thin phn theo hai phuomg xée diah giao nhau ta hop K chinb 1.86). ‘Nh vay, mde lidn két kop Bhat vee hai Bee do va pt sink hai thank phn pin he di qua Bhép. \Vé mat dong gc idm két kh tuomg, duong vt hal Len ket than, NEw 6 ming cing B vi migng cing A bang ha than tht iting cng B bi ‘hit mat hai ge ty do va chi con o6 thé quay quanh giao diém K cia ha than (Minh I.8e). Ta goi giao diém 46 18 thd gid 120. “Tong tw nur 63 tinh bay & tn, lin ket khp 18 mot Kh nigm mi rong ci goi ta bit dong di bist trong Sie bén vat iu. inh 4.8 3. Lidn két foal ba hay ién két han Ding mot mi hin dé n6i ming cimg B vei migng cig o6 dinh A toe fh pin chat B vio A (hind 1.9). Lle ny moi hin Khir dupe ba bet do ea BAS v6i A. ° ‘That vay, migng cing B khéng di chuyén ae ucnstcieionseerancsons a. PU, ‘eng en bhi hii mh ‘e6 phurong va diém dat bat ky. >) barge myo ot im ak oh Pe eas morta pin omen “Deg DSB Eda la"Sin eg eo Ba aang phuomg xée dinh nto d. [Ni vay, mol lién Ret han Khe dege ba be a do w’ phat sinh ba thanh phd phn le: V6 mat dang hoe, mot lin két hin twomg duong vi ba lien ket thanh hay twomg dong voi me thanh va. mot Khép néu ching duoc sip xép hp Iy (Gud dy ta s tin hidu v6 ditu kien sp x€p hop i). Lien Ket hn Ia kh nigm md rag ca Tien ket ngim Ax bet trong Soe én vat lieu B. Lien két phite top i; Ligh kt phure tap 18 an ket a 7 ‘nol nhiéw miéng cing, $5 ‘mifing cing Ian hn hal D Ikhép phic tgp (rink 1.102) ote ign ket han phic rap (inh 1.108), HH 1.10 Bé tign cho vite nghign city, ta quy 46i lidn ket phic tap than ee lien ci don gin edng log tuong dug, Do dé edn xAy dung kh nigm vé dd phi ep. ‘Vid len kei kh6p phic tgp teen inh 1.10a tuomg dung wi hai Hien ket hop dom gin. That v4y, coi A TA mith. cing €6 dink, n6i B voi A bing 25 “Trong thye ta c6 thé g§p cf lien ket phic tap dudi dang ‘D0 ph tap cda mét ign két phic tp lo s6 én kBt don gin cing fos! tuong dong vol len kél phat tap a.khop K s€ kh ge hai ble ty do eda B, Tiép 46 nb C v6i A cling bing ‘hep K s& Khir duge hai ble ty do ela C. Nhu vay khap K’khit dave bon bis tr do tie la tuomg dong véi hai khgp dam giin. Do 46 d9 phe tap cia ian két my bing ha ‘Tir nhgn xét dé tx dB ding suy ca: phi rap cia mor lien kei phe rap ‘ing sd tang D cia cdc ming cig quy t vdoliém ket wit di mbt p=D- ap trong 46: pdb phic tap cia lien ket phe tap: _D~ 6 ming cime quy ty vio lien két phe tap. Vi dy, lien két pie tap tren inh 1.10a €6 d9 phe tap Ia p = 3 — lien ket phe tp tren hin 1.100 6 dpe tap La .3. Cach ndi cdc miging cimg thanh hé bat bién hinh ‘Dé n6i ee ming cing ta phi ding cdc lien ke. Nhs vay, vin 6 tras usin n6i mot s6 lug x4e dink cée migng cig thi cA sr dung bao nhieu lien ket va ef lin ket d6 phi duge b5 tr nu thé no 4é bio dim cho he thu due Ia bt bign hinh. DE giai dép digw 46 ta en Ldn tut nghien cts 0: kha ning lon hom yeu edu, ching 1 Ae shia lien ket. Trong tevimg hp nly he €6 tign vong li BBE nén ein phi xétthém didu kkign di Néo he BBH thi 38 1a situ nh. S6 m bigu thi 36 luomg lien ‘ee tha twong.duong loai met. [Nhu vay, tong trudng hop he bit ky t 66 didu kign ed eT 42K 43H ~3(D =1) 20 a2) 2. HG nl val tra t rong thye tf, phin in fc cOog tinh déu dye n6i voi tr dat. New {quan nigm tli dat 1A mot ming cing th ta vin c6 thé sir dung cong thie (1.2) 48 Khio sét diu kien eda cho nbitng be nay. Tuy nhien bai tosin he ni voi tai ft etng khé phd bién nén dé ign cho vee sit dung 138 thit lap cong the bidu thi difu kien efn cho tung hop ny. Gi sic trong hé 66 D migng cing khong ké trl dat, dupe n6i vi nau bing T lien ket than, & lién ket Kp, H lien ket hin 43 quy di vé lien ket don gidn Va duoc n6i voit dat bing C lien ket wa tuong. ducng loi mot (xem bing 1D. aes aaa RT | FE Fete |* 2”8 CCoi tri dat bat dong, nhu vay muén ni D ming cing voi nhaw vi ‘vi edi dst th yeu e6v phi Khir duge 3D bac wr do. Vé kha ning, voi 56 Tong ee lidn ket n8u, 06 th Khir duce T + 2K + 341 + C bse ty do. CCang If an twong ty ahu ten, trong tating hop nay, ta e6 diéu kien cin + aK + 3H + C-3D 20 Cong thie ny 66 ¥ aghia wong tw nh (1.2) va fA truimg hap dBe biet eia(12) 3.6 ain an 18 h6 gém ede thant thdng nd! vai ahau chi bang cde Knap 3 hei 4 m8i thant. Gio diém cia ede thanh duge gol la mat. He ten inh 1.11 Ba he dan, He tren hint 1.12 khong phi TA Be din thank 1-3 Khong phi chi 6 kp 3 hai du, ‘D5: v6i he dn, ta eOng 66 thE dP dong cOng thie (1.2) bode (1) 48 Kihio sit song cn chi 1a wong he din cde lin két khop thing Ii Ikhdp phic tap nén cf quy i vé khop don gin. Céch fam nu vay thutng d& nh Hin Bé tao diéw kign thutn Ii cho vige ko st, dud dy ta & thigt Ip ce digu kidn cn dp dung sitng cho he dn, tong 6 aa nong edn quan thm dén d9 phe tap eta ign ke khép. it dn ae XxX st 4 inh 4.49 inn 1.412 4a) Trang hap dan khong ndl v6i dat: id sir trong he dan 6 D thanh ‘vi M mit. Xem mt thanh no 4618 migng etmg bit dng. Nh vty he bn Iai DY thanh va M-2 mit efn duge n6i vo ming ing bat dng. [Nin diet, mBi diém (mAt) wong mat pling c6 hai ble tu do, do 46 48 ni (44-2) mAt thi 36 be ty do cn phi Kh Ia 2(M=2), 6 Ta yeu chu, Xétvé kh ing, he cba lai (D1) than tuong duang toa mgt na Keni nding €6 thE Khir due 1a. (D-1) bfe wy do. Cing lap Iwan coon, fh ten ta 06 cong thie biéy thi didu kign e&n eho tru’mg hop din khong 96 voi dat ni sa: n= (D-1) = 1M-2) 20, maD+3— 2M 20 hay as {¥ neha ca (1.4) cdng dupe gi thie tong tw nh 461 vi (1.2) 1b) Trig hop he dan nd vk tri dts Git si tong he din 6 D than, ‘M mat vi C lien ket ta tuomg dong lai mot ni voi wes dat. Cott ‘Bu Th ming cling bat dong th sO mit cd ni vio ming cing bit ‘dong 18 A. Do.d6 6 bt wy do cn pl kira 2. Ve Kh nt, s6 Ibe tudo o thé Khir duoe Ia D + C. “Tuomg wy nhu tr, ta thidtIgp dage cong thc bigu thi du ign cin cto hg din nt vi dat nu sa: nab as gta eda (1.5) cling Gage gi thie trang oe nur i wh (1.2). B. Diéu kien dt ‘Khi didu kign c&n && duge théa man, he 06 thé 18 dit hoae thm lien ket rhumg néu céch be lien ket khong duge hop Iy thi cc Tin ket nay vin hong c6 kh nang Khir tt cb efe bie ty do cia he vi he 6 thé la bien inh hose bigs hinh te thei. ‘Nhu vty, did hig dit cho he bat Digh hink la cde Hem ht om de BS tri hop bi [Nhung Iam thé no dé e6 thé Khdng din dupe ce lién ket dS tT hep I? Dé gilt quyet vn d& nay ta In lugt Kido sft mat s6 tums hyp 6 whe 1. Gach nd mét diém (mat) vio mBt miéng ctmg thanh he bat bin hint Xét mgog cing bil dong. 1 vA moe diém (mit) A nim ngodi ming emg 426. DE nol diém A vio migng cig ta cf phi kit hai be ty do cba A ‘nea [pha dng ha Hien ket than nh ten Bib 1.132. Hai than ny Thong dage nim tren cong mot dubng thing niu teén inh 1136, ev » MeO‘Eu khong thi dim A €6 thé chuyén vj vO cing bé thea phuong vuong 6 v6i true ct hai than va he 1A BHT (ching mink wong ty nhu AS ‘961 Me ten hinh 1.4). Nhu vay, iu kitn dn va at a6 nl mot alin (mat) vao mot ming ‘cng thénh mgt ba bin hinh la phd cng hai thanh khong thing ong. Goi he hai than khong thing hing my a be di a » Han 4.13, ‘Do su cf 40 op iy va ch vad ie Ke mot dé vio mete nén 19 doi cin ets £80 46 kg lam thay 86th cht dong noe oda Me nga kn We cho ban div Ik BBH (Nose BH, BHTT) th sau Kh them hose bit met bp doi ta sé duge mgt he mi, he mei my vin la BH (hose BH, BHT?) Cé thé van dng tn chit ns én ci bo doi Aé phi wién ming cing, thm mie dch ume ie mlengetng vhs gon mols se mies {dng d Khost cho a dng. Ta im ida ch ph ida mig cong thong qua he vé ten hin 114, Tam gide hop 1-2-3 Ta mot mieng cing. them mig cing my b6 dO (4-2) (403), 32 dug hg mi 1-2-4-9 cng BBH. Two tw, them vio he BBH 1-243 66 doi (5-4) (55) tsb dupe We mol 124053 elng BH, Nhu vay, c6 thé ke ign tin ea BBH. CCng e6 thé phn ich sy cls go inh hoc theo trinh ry nguge hep), Theo efeh my ta in luo loi ra Kh hecho ban dda tb) 401 mot, cus cig 8 duge mothe m6, cane vdo els go ca be nly ta 6 thé Ke 1ugn v8 sc ta nh hoe ca hecho band. Vi dy, Wi he nh 1.14 VE tn hin 1.14 10 Im luge Jogi b8 Khdi he ede BO Aoi (5-41/5-3) (4-2)¢63) vb (2-123), be cb la thanh 1-3 bat in ink, do 06 he ‘ho ban déu 1k BBH. 2, Caich ni hal migng eimg thinh m@t hg bat bigh hink ‘Tie didu kign cfm ta thy: 48 nSi hai mitng cdg thinh he BBH thi toi ‘thigw phi sl dung ba thanh (hinh 1.15); moe khop va mgt thanb Chink 1.156), hode rot msi hin (hinh 1.150). ‘3 dung mot méi han (hin 1.15e) 4é ni hai migng cing thi bao gid ng duge mot hé BBH. [Néu sir dung ba thanh thi diéu kign bs tri hop If 1k bar liém ket thank ‘ids ding déng quy hode song song (inh 1-153). ” » 9 Ea 4 en’ ® A 7 Hah 1.15, “That vay, trong trang hyp bs tribe thanh déng quy nhu tren Hin 1. 16a thi ci ba thanh 6 déa Khong ngan cin duge chuyén vi xoay vo cing bE ‘i tm quay K cha migng cimg B quanh ming edng quy use bat dong ‘A. Chuyéa vi xoay 468 vO cing bé bai vi sau Khi dich chuyé, ba than {eG thinh khong déng quy na va he lei BBH. He trén inh 1.16a BHTT, Kh b tr ba thanh song song nhu ttn hinh 1.16b thi he f& BATT bai vi Iie nay he Ia trutmg hep die biet cia teu’ng hop ba thanh dng quy (giao diém cba ba than & vo cling). Khi ba thanh song song cé chigu a) 4 a ) ) e a : inn 1.48 au2 {ai bling nhau th chuyén vi xy ra 18 haw han, he sé bign in. INéw st dung mot kh va mgt than th diga ign 6 txt hop IY 18 en et thanh kg dg di qua kp (bin 1.156) ‘Trong tnvtng hp litn ket thanh di qua khép thi he s® BHTT 1L16e,edeh ching minh nud thu, hig voi be trén hind 1.4). “Tm Us trong Bi tod hal ming ctmg ta c6 thé pt bigu nh sa: ‘BS néi nai ming cima thanh mot Np bat Din inh th du kibn cB va ails pn sd dyng it aha “= hoge: ba ldn kat thanh Khéng dng auy hay khdng song song; node mot ln kB! kop v8 mot itn Kétthanh khéng a qua Khop, + hoe mot méi ha. 23. Céich ndi ba miging eting thanh mot hg bat big hinh ‘Tu didu kign cfr ta thy: dé ni ba migng cing thinh mot he BH tht tei thigu ph st dung s6u len ket tome dong foi mot. Nhu vay 66 thi thye ign theo niu ech noi nu sau: + si dung hai moi han (hind 1.178, b), + sr dung ba khap (inh 1.17); + st dong sd lien ket than (hin 1.174, €); + sr dng mgt m6 hn, mgt kh v8 mot than (Rink 1.17: (Qua nihtng eich néi ba ming cing gist ehigu ten Hin 1.17 ta thay trong migt 6 trang hop 6 thé six dung cde diéu kign n6i hai miéng cng di biet 8 phtntich digu kien di, Cle eéch n6i tren inh L.17a, 4, f huge tam hop nay, VE dy v6i Be trem nh 1.17 a 66 thé xem iy 64 ding mot m6i han 48 ni hai ming img J va 1! thinh he BBE, tigp 46 ni 11 vol he BBH vir thu duge bing mot khép va: mgt thanh hong di qua khop, Ki be migng cing duge lien két time cdp hai_mitng cing véi shaw bing mt khép hode bai thanh shu tren in 1.17c, e, ta khéng thé vin dung digu kign noi hai ming cing 46 phan tich ma phi sir dung itu kign iba ming cing nhu sau: ‘iby kin cin va a a ni ba ming cig Ia ba khop thut hode gi 20 tung h& (giao dm cba hai thenh nél tong cap hal miéng cong) nang duge ném tén cing mgt duing thang. Néw ba Kkhop tuomg hS cing. nim ao teen met dung thing th he sé BHT. He sé ten Hioh 118 1 BHTT wi efi 90 cla né tuomg tw anhu he BHT i Kho sét tren hinh 14. Hoh 4.48 4. Trung hgp téng quit “Trong trang hop téng quit, ki didu kign efn 48 duge théa min ta 06 thé phan tch digu kien di theo bign php sau ‘Van dng tinh chit ea b9 dei, digu i ring edmg 48 biet dé pit cia timg be df cho dén mie toi da cho phép. Nhu vay, ta dus bi higu migng cing vf Bai tos mdi 6 86 lugmg ming cig thon. ‘Nu he mai duge dua v# mot miging eng thi he sé bt bin hin. NEw he mei duce dua vé hai ming exmg thst dung. diu kign m6 hai ming cing dé khio sit. NE hg moi duge dua vé be migng cing thi sis dung didu kign n6i be ming cing dé Khio sit. Phén dn ee he trong thyet€ 4éue6 thé st dung bith php tren phar tich sy ea tg0 hin hge, Trong nbiing tng hop phise tap, Ki Khong thé van dung efe bign phép tren dé phan uch ta o6 thé &p dung cic phuong phép khée ahy phuong phép ti trong bing khong (xem chung 2): phone php déng hoe (xem chueng 11) hote phuong php thay the Tien ké (1:5) 31.4. Vi dy 4p dung Vidi 1.1. Khost sya tao inh hoe cia he ten inh 1.19. iu kitn edn. He di cho li be 6 Wid, ta sé ding cong the (1.3) 48 khdo sit digs Kiem cfn. C6 thé the hign theo niu ede quan nigm Kenge nau: 8) Quan wig mdi thamh thing 1 mot mighe cing Le nay ta06: D = 6:7 = 0;K = 2:H= 3:6 Theo (1.3): m= 0+ 22+ 3345-36 =0. Hedi lit ke CCéch quan nigm ndy ch fim phe tap bai togn vi ai ming cing dupe oi wi nfiau ing mot m6i ht the ra to thn mot ming cing. 1) Quan nif mi thanh ody hic Ua ‘mot mite cing Lc niy ta e6 De 3 (fe ming cing ab, bef, ed). Coe lito ket 6 git ba migng cing: T = 0: K = 2; = 0.86 Tian ket noi wt dt wong. dung, tsi mot: € ‘Theo (1.3): m= 042.243.045-3380. He dis en ket, Hinh 4.24, inh 1.20 ©) Gidi theo each chon 56 migng cing 1 hidu ‘Quan nigem thank gy khic bef 1A mot mig cing cdn ede thanh ty Ke ab, ed I lidn kEt loai mot ni v6i dit a 06: D=/; P=0; H=0;C-=3.Theo(13): n= 3-3.1= 0. Hed lien ke. 4) Quan nigm ii dat 1a mer midng cing va sit dung cong tht (1.2) Lite my ta 6: D = 2:T = 3; K = 0; H = 0. ‘Theo (1.2): n= 342.043.0-3 (2-1)= 0. He di len ket [Nhu vay ki phtn tch digu kign ed ta e6 thé thye hign theo nhigu cich quan nitm khée nhau, song véi bét k¥ cfch quan nigm no t2 ceding thu duoc mot két qué thong nt. Diéw kigm di. He dB cho 6 thé dua vé bai tos hai migng cong. ah luén hinh 1.20. Hai ming cimg duge n6i v6i ahau bing bathanh (2b, ef, dde) dng quy. Vay helt BHT. Neu thay di ech bo w len ket sao cho ba thanh ab, ef vb de khong ing quy na, ching han nhur he ten hinh 1.21, hi s€ duge mot he BH. Vi du 1.2. Khio st seu t40 i hoe eta he trem in 1.22 al Hin 4.22 Diu kién edn. He 16 v6i 8h nen ta SE ding cong thic (1.3) dé phan Aich. Quan nigm he gém bén migng eimg: 1-2-4; 3:7; 6-8 va 5-9. Llc nly ede thank 1-3; 3-4; 25; 4-5 vh 46 thda man yeu cfu cla lien ket than, Tacé:D Theo (13): m= 5420+ 3047-34 =O, He di igo ket Diu kiém dl. Ta s& tm céch phat wién dn e&e miéng cng. Neu ni smigng cing 6-8 vio tri dat bg lien két hin ti 8th migng cing ti 6 sé pit eign ti vi ti 7-6-9 nhu ten hinh 1.22b. MAK Khe, xét ming cing 1-2-4. NEw nb hai bo doi (3-1)3-4) vA (5-2)(5-4) vio ming cong /-2-4 th ming cing s& phéttién thigh 1-2-5-3. Nhu vay, 35hi s8 gdm hai migng emg due ni véi nau bing ba thanh 7-3; 6-8 va 9-5. Vihe di xing nn bathanh nly déng quy tai K, do dS toin b9 he lwBHTT. Ve du 1.3. Khio st sy e190 inh hoc ea he din tren hin 1.23, Dieu kién cén. BR toin my Ta hg din ni vol dt nen ta sé sit dung cong thie (1.5) 48 khio sit “Trang tevtng hep my ta 6: D= 9: =6; Do d6 theo (1.5) na 943-2620. He i ti kt. ‘Diu kign di Ta 06 thé dya vio an xét sau dé Lim don gin bi Sa: “Trvtmg hop hé nd vi dt bing ba Len ke ya bt hop I. nu ph thas n6i vi dit ma BBH thi fon bo he sé BH. Do d6, trong trang, fngp ny tae thé fai ti dat phan tich sy cut. ‘Qua nigm hei tam gide khép aDe vk FBC Thai ing cing. Nhu vty pihin dan chua ni vi dit gém hai migng cing n6i voi nhau bing ba thank aB, CD va eF Khong déng quy hofe song song. Ket lutn:hé BBH. Vide 14, Kho sts cf igo Hin hoe ea he ttn Ninh 1.24, gw kign edn, Bui ton 3 cho ti he dn n6i vi dt. “Trong tradng hop nly cD = 12; Mo 8; Theo (1.5%: 244-2820. He di en ket. Big kien di. Goi tai dt 1 migng exng J. Xuat pst tirtam gige khop 1-2-3, si dung bp d8i (4-2)4-3) sb (age mikng etng 1-4-3 ky biga Ia J. Tuomg ty 4-7-5 ‘cng IA mot ming cng, Kj higu Ik 17. Ba mig eimg may duage noi wi G nn 1.23 hau timg Joi mot bing cde khép twang. HS (2,2), (2,3), (0-3) nb ten Fn 1.24. Ba Kh twang. hd khong thing hang nén he dang xét 1 BBE. Viedw 1. Kho st sy edu tao Binh hye cis he ten Hin 1.25. ‘Diu kién cn. He 8 cho Ia he dn n6i vi dt. Ta 6 D=18;M =10:C= 4. ‘Theo (1): 844-210 =2>0. He thie hai lien ket wong dong loai mot Digw kign dit. Goi tri 8h a ‘mig cung J. Tr tam giéc kop 2°5-6 ta 06 thé phat wrién thin ming. emg a-5-1-2-6 gol lb sing cng 11 bing cach thém vio hai bo doi, ching han (1-5)(1-6) va (2-5)2-6), Trong, qué tinh phét ign thinh ming eimg 1 ta thy c6 ‘mot thanh tha. Tuong tu ta cling duce migng cing -7-3-4-8 goi Ik ring cig If trong 46 eng e6 mt thanh thia. Nhu vay ba tosn dduge dua vé be miéang cing noi voi nau bing ba khép tuong hb. Kho twong 6 (2.3) nd I vi 1B giao diém cb hai thanh song song nen & xa 0 cling theo phuomg ngang. Céc kha tong hi (1.2) va (1-3) nim ten dueng thing song song Ys hai thanh néi hai mighg cing 1 va II ‘tn khép (2,3) 8 nhm ten ddng thing noi (1,2) va (1.3). Ket lugn: he BHTT. ‘Trong trvtng hap nay, cong 6 thé quan nigon tri dt a mot ming cng c6 hai Khop a, & duge ding d& noi hai ming eng I va, gi0 val ted nu mot lien ket thanh ab, BAi ton dua vé truing. hop ha. ming cing IT v8 IT age noi v6i shaw bing bathanh song song 2-2, 6.7 va a 6 chidu di khée shaw, Ket lug: he BHTT. Ved 1.6. Kho st sy e890 inh hge cia he etn in 1.26. ‘Diu kign edn. Tdi kign cn (1.3) 48 ding tim duce he den ke iéw kien dii. Név chi 9.266 thé quan nigm lien ket thanh mot cach Keni quét hon nhu tren hin 17th ta e6 thé van dung tin chat cia BO 4454 pi bai todn ny Bing bign plhfp thu hep hote phat wién ming cng mh sa: Ove 3Lb 12. 13, La. 15. 16. ey ii Logi BS be 404 (6-76-8) ta duge hg cn li Th tri dt ‘Visi dat hg BBH nen on ‘bp he dX cho edng 1b BBH. Ging 6 thé phn tich bal todn blag efch phat ida ming cing theo thw ngage ha CAU HOI ON TAP ‘Y nglita cia vige nghién edu sy es to hinh hoe ca ket fu? ‘ThE mio Ihe ba bit hinb, bin hinh va bign Minh tée thi. Kh nang fp dung efe he 66 trong xay dung? inh nghia migng cing, ‘Thiet lap ef cong thie bidu thi didu kien cén 48 nt ce mit cing thinh he bt bien hinh, New doi tuame Sp dung cho tim cong th. Gili hich tin chat cia bg doi va rin by e&eh vin dung Pt bigu v8 gifi thich digu kign en v8 dl noi hai migng eng, ba ming cig thanh mot he bat bien inh Cach xac dinh ndi luc trong hé phang tinh dinh chiu tai trong bat dong 2 ‘Xai phét wa djah ghia he Gn gin dé new rong chuomg Ma du, ta thy Ki xée dinh noi Ie chi cin sit dung ede digw kien cin bing, Khong yeu clu sé dung cée diéu kien vat va bién dang. Do 46, ng Ive trong he tinh din chi phu thuge ef dy lugng tham gia phuomg tinh etn bing nh: ti trong, ‘6 hin hoe cia cong trnh, khdng phy thuge d9 eing cia céc edu kien ‘at lieu, ich thude tet diem) cong nr Eng ph thupe edng tinh lam vice trong giai doon dan fii hay dan déo. NOI lye chi phy thuge vEt lieu va kich ‘thude it dign Kh tinh he thank véi tong lugng bn thin cha bic (Cing e&n chi 1h khéi itm vé noi Iue ti moe tet dign no dé cd Ne, hod toin e6 thé déng nh voi kh nigm vé phn luc trong cfc lien ket neu ‘quan nigm gt dign & TA moj len ket hin ode Lien ket wong. dung ndi ha migng cing & bai ben tet dien k. Nhu vay, vé sau may ta e6 thé déng ni vite x&e dinh noi lye v6ivige xe dinh phin lye tong ed Tien ket. Noi dung chi yéu cia chuomg nay IA nghign ett phuong, php tin he ti inh chiu ti tong bat dong voi gid tht I tdi trong téc dung tin. Cac phueng php tinh duge ay dung tren co 86 cée dtu kien edn bing Gah hoe ‘én duge goi Ik phuong php tinh he. ‘rong nhing trang hop, khi g§p bai ton phdc tsp ta c6 thé vin dung phuong phip dong hoc duge xty dmg tren co si nguyen IY cong khi dt (Gem chuong 11) hote phuong phép tah hoc tong 46 sit dung bien phép thay the len ket [ 1; 5:6) 2.1, Phan tich tinh chat chju lye ella cde hé tinh dinh Cé nhieu céch phan loi ede he Gah nh. Dusi dy A fh phn los theo inh chit chi lve cia ef he. A. He dom gidn (Can ed vio phuomg cia phn lye ta khi he chiu ti tong thing dng, ta chia cdc hé dom sian thin ha tring hap co bin: he dd va ba Bhp 34.86 dim 1g lhe bat bh Kn duce 120 m8 mot ming cig nd So ra di Bg me 60 dink 48 mot adi dl dong e6 phuong Indng ding. (Nok 2.10) Rode being mon ttn hei mgm (Kink? e 2b). Dusi tée dung cha tai Mag yA trong thing. ding, thiah phin 1420 pin ye nim ngang tong Me Vv 2 Jnoa on Bing Khong von. 4 “Ty theo a fv toca mig cng, he dm due phn log nhs: 2) Dé th gin don gid, ki ring cng duge Hh thin & mee ‘than thing, bao gm: «+ iim dom gin King 6 dt tht hin 2.28) + Dim don gin o6 du thi bin 2.28), + Dim céngxdn (hin 2.26) a) a a vtm22 °) yp oy Dai tg dung ein ti trong bat KY, tong dm phSt sinh fe than phin noi Tue; momen én, Ive eft vA Ive doe. Luc dec bing khong khi true ‘dim wong ge v6i phuong cat trong. _b) Khung tinh dinn, ki migng exng dooe hinh thin tr mgt thanh sty ‘hie (hinh 2.24, e). Trong khung phét sinh ee than phén mpi lve: momen usin Tye eft va le doe. ©) Dan dém th anh, Ki migng cing duoc Kink thinh ty eée than thing néi vi nhau chi bing ede khop & ha dfu moi thanh (hinh 2.3, -Khoing céch gida cfc g6i ua cia din goi & nhip. Gino diém cia cfc thanh goi Ia mt dn. Nhayg thank nimy tren chu vi cha din tyo chant dutmg bem ren va bien dui Cie thanh nim ben trong rinding Sauén SEE diag bien go ann eM hie thank bung. HE thash yy bung gém c6 cfc thanh ding vi ee thanh xen le Khoding eich gida efe mit boat 1 thuge dung bien goi M |— mio dt (xer hinh 2. aaa ‘Dé th tofn dan duge don ne ‘id, ta thi nh ee gi thi sau: 4) Mit cia dan phii nim tal giao aim cba céc tre thanh va 18 khop Iy taing (oae abu thann quy ty 6 mat cd thé xoay mes cach ty do kn6og ma sat. 2) Tal trong chi tae dyng ta ce mat ta dn 19) Trong lugng ban thén ala cAe thank Kdng dng K6 so vt trong tng tné tac dung tren ci. “Trong thye 16 c4e than thutng, duge ni voi nau bing dinh tén hoe ri hn, rt it khi ni bang Khop (bulOng, ch... Nang mi noi may “khong pha la Kho If tung, ngoai ra ede thanh déu e6 trong lume Feng, cho nén ket qui tinh tod theo cfc gi thiet én chi la gn ng. ‘Tired gi tit ren tai da kt Ivan quan tong nbs sau: (Gée than trong dan chi chu kéo ode nd, nghia 18 trong dén chi {nto ue doe N ma khang cb momen usin M va ue ct Q “That vay, v trgng luong bin thin ca mdi thanh trong din Khong dng Ke vi tt tong chi dato mit nghia I than khong ehju ti trong at tna tgp tien chigu Jai cha n6, hon na vi ede khp & hai du than Ld Ig tating nen ta 26 thé xem mB thanh trong do nh’ mot lign ket foat rot Nhur di biet tt chuemg 1, trong ec lien ket log mat chi pt sinh ‘mot thn phén phn Ive hud theo true thanh, do dé trong ede thank tha dan chi tén a le doc N. {Ui didm cia dan a o6 thé vast qua duge nag mhip in va tit kitm ‘age vat Ligu. Néu ding dim de 48 vucr qua nhtng nip Kon thi chigu ‘cao cba dm dae phat lon va vat ligu lam vige khong déng déu. That ‘ay. tong dm e6 mémen wn do 46 Ung sutt phn bo khong du tren to tit din, cfe tha bien Iam vige niu cdn cfc thd gia lam vige i “Trong dan thi ede thanh chi eh kéo hoae nén ding tim nén sng sut 42 2 pin b6 du tn ton it itn, do de thd Tm vie ar aha vate ig de vt i. a khep (hay hd vom) ‘He ba khdp hn 2.4) Ihe duge ede 90 thal ming cing ni vot ha bing mde Rhip (hop C) v8 ni vt tdi da bg hat Gt et ong (A vB) és xem tli dt 18 mgt ming cing hh 5 gdm ba meng cing i vi nhau bing ba Khdp wong 18 khong thing hing A BC. Ne vay he ba Khop Ub he Bit bign ih, a en ee He ba hop 1a he 6 Ie 0. Ja vong Be ph sinh tanh phn phn Ive nim ngang ngay ed Ahi gag chi de dung thing ing. 6 ls digu Khe nau coin gia he ba Khop va he dm. Dé ade nn dig tant wen hinh 2.4. Khi ti rong tng ding P tie dung ten ming eens ben tri J ela he. phin Ie tai gi B phi di cua kop C: That vay de ny een meng cing 1! chi chia te dung cla ha ue dt ti B va C, mucin cho ming emg I cn bing thi hai Ive phi ye ds, dod phin le tai Bes phuong BC. Mit khéc, Ki xétcdn bing cm tn be ta thy tn he 66 ba ye the lung: le P, phi Ive wi Bva phn luc ti A. Dida Kin d& cho he ean bing ba tue ny phil dng guy. do 46 pn yeti A bude phi di qua a0 didm m cha bal le PAB. ‘Nhu vy, Kh ti trong ic dung thing dng, cfc pin Ive A vB agi hung 6 hinh phn nm gang tee x8 (tung hep de bit 1 Khop C va B cng ttn dung thing dng, Ie nly he te han We do, He ba khop duce sir dung rng tong thy dui niu hn the: + Vom bo Kidp (ish 28), ki eae ming cing ela be 1 céc than cong, rong Vom ba KhGp phst sinh d&y di e&e thin phn ng te: momen us, geet vai de. + Kung ba Khdp (hth 2.50, ki fe mig cing, ca Ikebe than sy kh hoc thing. Trong khung ba khép pt sinh dy i ede tin hin noi luc: momen ub, ie ed, ye doe: += Dan vom ba khép (hinh 2.52), khi mbi migng cing cia he 1a din hing bat bién hinh va tinh dinh.Trong ede thenh eda din vom ba Kop chi phat sinh le doe. a a e 3 4 a inn 2.5 & ¢ o 4 Trance] be Bary 4 * Hé ba khidp co thanh cang (hinh 2.54), He nay gdm hal ming cing ‘Gi voi hau bing Khdp C va thanh eang a, gp 6 lien ket vl te dt bing mét soi c6 dinh A va mot géi di dong B. Thanh cing 6 téc dng Uigp nhgn luc x6, chiu lye doc. Trong cic mits cig AC vi CO, 16, ching phat sinh dy di: céc think phn noi lye: momen u6n, lye cit vi Ie doe. Ket cay he ba Khdp c6 wu diém 186 thé vu qua duge e&e np Kh Wr 0 wi kt ed dm. That vay, nhu dugi day s8 théy, momen ude vi luc elt trong vor ba khop thing rit ahd s0 Vl momen usin VA Ivs ca trong dm e6 diu kien Fim vige nhu nhau v6 nhip v8 i tong, Hon nda ‘nu khéo chon dang cia tryc vim thi momen uc va do 46 lute ct ta ci cfc tit dign a vom déu bing khong hote xp xi bing khong, vor chi chju lye ngn 18 chi yu. Lic nly 06 thé sir dung dace cde lai Tigu chiw néa tt nhu gach, d& 1A nhiing logi vat Lieu d2 kim dé xay «dung vom. ‘DSi voi hing nhip nd, si dung ket eau vom sf khong kinh t€ bing Ké' ‘fy dim vi ch tao ket fu vom thuomg phic tap hon. Mgt nhuge digm nda edn chi § hi sr dung kEt ctu vom ba khop I phi xy dung ket cfu ben dui go ya A v8 B kh Ton d¥ chu thin phn yc xO. Cb thé ke phye nhuge digm nay bing céch st dung vom ba Khoy 6 thanh eng, Lie nly dudi tic dung cba tdi wong thing ding, cdc pin Iye & g6i tga chi ¢6 thinh phén thing ding cOn than cang ug “&“ rintn yo x0, do d6 Ket eu ben dud gi <8 nhe aking hon. B.Heé ghép 1 ghép tah anh 18 h@ o6m nhiéu he thh dinh don gin not ver nhaw ‘bang cc lan Ket khdp hos than va nél ve tal det Bang cae Hen Ket {a 820 cho np fa DSt Din inh va a on ke. ‘Tren hinh 2.62 gidi thigu met he ghép g6m ntm dim dom gién adi véi rau, he ny cba duge goi Ihe dm tak dink whidu nhip. Cong d8 ding denn dug I he bat bien inh va di lien ket. a) ion 2.6 ee oo oe ‘Tu sr cs tg0 cia he tee Ninh 2.6, t2 o6 nan xét sau nu fog bd dim [BC thi dim AB vin bat bie Rin, nguge isi, 86 ogi b> dma AB th dm ‘BC tr thanh bin hinh. Vi thé ta got he BC Ta ph la he AB vd goi he ‘AB lt he chinh cia d4m BC. [Nhu vay, hg chinh 18 he 58 bat biénhinh niu fogl bd cae hd fn cfr, Ne phy ld hd bid hinh nd lai bd ca he ln ca. “Trong he ny, he DE la chin eda he EF déng thi 1a phy cia he CD. CCéc ht phu mucin diing ving duoc th phi dya vio he chinh eta n6. Do 1466 thé bigu diém he 4X cho theo 806 cat v6 tinh et chju le nhir teén hinh 2.66, trong dé fe he phu duge A tren ce he chinh tuomg ing. He ghép ten hinh 2.7 g6m Khung ba Khép ACBD, khung DEF va dim don giin FG néi véi nhau bing céc khép D, F. Trong dé: ACBD Ia he chinb, DEF Ia hg phu cia ACBD vA lt he ehinh cia FG, con PG 1 he ph. ® F 6 ion 2.7 s 6 \Vé tinh chat ruyéa Ive, ta 06 nhan xét sau 1a te dng tn cin ci gy r0 nel ye trong Wo chin ma zhong gy nt ve rong ne pu emiy doe qua bien dang cin teeta he py el ngicng dm og bien dang nen Hons psa nb a trong tae dun tn hs phy cna py tn hin cen Fee ote Ti wong woyén 49 yet De phd who chinh gon ke nt ia ep 4 bein C. He ten hep ine nap ti ot np 8B inh dug ei 90 nti Ne cO {hens ou tve knoe rhau (dm vim, dn, cy cdp he dy ..) 9 nau bing stn tw 6046 cog thom pa om We o ee eee ee po nh 2.8 “Tren hin 2.8 gi thigu mot 36 hg lidn hop don gin ea 20 ba dm hose din dim n6i vei he thanh khép I ahng he len hop thutmg gp. ‘Dud tdc dung ei ti tong thing dmg hung te ten xudng dui, cfc ct ign ea lien hop o6 tinh chat chi hye nb sas: 1+ Che efi kign tao thinh dumg cong hay duomg da gide véng xuSos saci 38 chiw kéo (hin 2.8, b,c) nén hung lim bing vat liu chiu kéO tts dy cap hote dy xich. Te gol nbn cv kign may I day ich 4 Cie efi kien tg0 thinh dudme cong hay dung da gide véng fen tren "a6a chia nén (hinh 2.84, , f). Nb clu kign ny duge [dm bang vat Tiga ehju nén tc vA go A vom dé. 16 He die hod dan chi wn go I dm cig. Dhmn cing due gia cats bing dy xich (hin 2.8a, 6, )goi Ia he treo. Lite my dém cting chi ‘momen un, ye edt nga day xich king neo vio dém cting (hinh 2.840) {ih chiu momen un, lye eft cing véi ue nén néu day xich duge neo vio «fm eng (hinh 280) 45aim cing duge gia cudng bing vom déo (hin 2.84, e,) got Th vom. ‘Tay theo chan vam déo e6 Ltn ket (hinh 2.80) hay khong lien ket chin 2.84, e) vl ddr cimg, trong dim cing s€ pht sinh momen un, lye cht ‘ng vi lye kéo hay chi pt sinh momen ud vi le elt «Viti trong thing di dong tren dm cing nen: “Cac thanh ding 85 tf & phia teen’ dm cing (hinh 2.8a,b, 1) thadmg hj kéo. + Cie thanh ding BS ti & pha dui dim ctng (hinh 2.8, 4, e) thang hiv nen ign nay, he lien bop Tah dinh thuing tt duge sit dung song he lien hop seu tinh Iai duge quan tam nghign edu phat widn d8 vuet qua cde Khu 49 Ton. Vide, ofa treo dty ving Tatara 8 Onomichi ~ Imaberi (Nhat bin) © ‘hip 890 m (1999); edu reo diy parabol Akashi- Kaikyo & Kobe (Nhit bi), e6 ba mhip 960+1991+960 m (1998), D. He c6 he thing truyén lac ‘Trong thye 6 xty dimg, thong gap mhOng he HOME ay in «4b i trong khong tac dung nye tigp trén kéi edu chin ue chink ma truyén dp ue yao keh edu chiu le qua let, mgt théng dn got 10 he nh 2.9 thing tray ue ‘Tren hinh 2.9 gi6ithigu dim c6 he théng truyén lye. Trong hf ny, ti wong chi dit én cfc dim doc phu vi tryéa dp lye tt dim dec phy xuGng dézm doe chiu luc chink (go I dim doc chin) qua ede diém wa ‘cia dim doe phy tren dém doc ehini. Nhimg did wa my duge goi Ik inde sruyen la. Trong te ete mt trayén lye thug 1a he thing dé gang d3t vuong ge wi dém doc phy vA chinh. Khodng eéch gia hai st tray Ie got Ia He €6 he thong tryén Iye thudng duge ding tong ket cu hn nh, méi nha vi et eis mat cfu. him mye dich: gidm nh trong lugng ket cfu ‘chi tue chinh, bio ve két eds chia lye chinh khdi bj hur bing trong qué tenk chiu ti, din jt A ye tren K&t ca ehju lye chin. Két elu chju lye chinh o6 thé Ia bat ky (dim, dan, vom, khung..) sinh din hose sie tinh, 2.2. Cach xée dinh n@i Iyc trong hé tinh dinh chiu tai trong bat dang Dé xée¢jnh phn Iye trong cd itn ket hode nei le tai mot tit dign nio 46 tas dung phuong php ma ht ohm bin ng ge thinhngoai ue, hit lap ede didu kien etn bing dud dang gid chy tid suy va cde phn ye hage nl vec tim “Thirty in han: 1) Thye ign eae mat eft qua ef lien kt efn xc dinh phn lve (hoe qua et cite in 9 MB‘ mt ch ph shia in hip Soe ip. 2) Kho sit mt phn he nto d6. Thay thé we dung cia phn i bj loi b6 bing ede phn lye (mo le) wong tng ti ede lin ket See) b (Cc phi le (01 lye) chua bit 6 the gi hit hut theo chieu duong 2) Lap cée ditu kign can bing tah nge dudi dang gid ich cho phén he hi sit Set 1 : ‘Vai mb mt ct ta 6 cfc did kita ct bing dui dang t6ng hinh chit tuen mgt s6 tre hoteténg momen di voi met 6 dim, ey the ah au 2% NEu cde Ive dit vio phn hg dang Et Lh le den guy ta dim O 6 thé sidung mo trong ba dang diy Ken uu 3) X= 0; SY = 0, (vA 1 hai tre chit bat ky khong song song voi nha. Tong tg thang ding digu kien ny 0) De= 0; SMa =0, (OA khong duce wing abe v8 trac chia ¥, ©) My =0; DMs = 0, (AOB khong dupe thdng hang. * NEu ese le Ut vio phn he dang xé 8d ue song song, a6 th it ‘dung met trong hai dang du kien. 2) X= 0; Ba = 0, (re chidu khong duge ving g6e vi ptone ‘ia ede le sone sons) ) Ma = 0; SMa = 0, (AB khong due song song wi phe ea cde ‘ye Song soe). ‘% NEi cdc Ie dt vo phn ht dang nth eb 8, t 08 he si dug ‘mot trong ba dang di ken 8) X= 0; BY = 0; My = 0, (che te chu Xv ¥ khong dug song Some vi nha, ”b) X= 0; Ma = 0: Ma thdng ong ge voi true ©) My = 0; DMe = 0; Me tren mgt dtdng thang), [Nin hit ph ch $n du kign ha ché cia ede dang didu kien can bing, : ‘nga khong thi ede phuong tink can ‘bing s€ khong doe lap v6i nhau va c6 th dy ra trvdng hap phueng tinh cin bing vin duge théa man tong Khi He khong can bing. “That vay, v6i he chia lye hode hop Ive R ahu én Hinh 2.10, khi sir dung dang di kign etm bing b) cia bal toda he chi Ive bat KY, nu chon trac [Xa ee dim A, B nh tren bin 2.10 th fc didu kien cAn bing vin duge tha man tong khi he khong can bing. rong hé tinh dinh ta sé tid lp doe me he phuomg trinh cn bang dc Ip vita di dé xe dink 38 thank phdn phn lie lén RI (ng le) edn tim trong “That vay, ng quan nigm he bat ky gdm D ming cing m6 voi nha bing T lien kétthanh, K lien k&t khop dom gin, H moi han dan giin, ta ©6 T+2K43H thinb phn phin Iye e&n tm. SO phuong tah cAn bing dc lip duoe xée dinh bing 36 bge ty do cis he te 1a bing 3/D-1). Vibe ‘inh dinh nen: ne T+ 2K +IH-HD-1) =0, bay 3(D-l) = T + 2K + 3H. har vay 1 s6 phuomg tinh clin bing doe lap via bing sf thinh pin pin Ive Len ket cn tm, 4) Gi be phuomg tein cAn bing ta xe dina duge ede thin phn phn lye ‘én tim, Ket qui mang dé dong th chiu cia thanh phn phn ive ding ‘Voi chigu gid tht cbn ket qua mang dau am thi ngupe wéi chigu d5 gid thi. Ve du 2.1. Xée djnh efe thinh phn phin Iveta lien Ket khop A, B va C (hinh 2.118), ‘Tirede didu kign ean bing cia toin hé ta xée dinh cdc phin tye ta, Ket {qui gh tren hin 2.11 ‘The hign mt eit I-1,xét cn bing cia migng cng I (hinh 21 1b), 1866: De Nom he @ 1 (A vB Rhng dire mdm tren dong (A, B vd C khang dge cing ndim nn 2.10 48 BY = Yat Yo-Pa 0; o DMe= Yat Kil =0. © sn mgt eft 2.2; xét can bing cia mien eimg I Chink 2uLTb), ta e6: Drekerke=o WeaveYor ©) Dc= Yob + Xoh2=0. (0) ‘Ta duge séu phuomg tinh di 48 x4e dinh séu think phén pin lye efn tim. Két qu: % 1 Ya X VE nguyen tic, Khi vin dung phuomg php met cit d& tinh Ye be tinh dink ta 2 lap duge mot he phuong tinh via didé X44 Yq sée dish ede: gi luyng chia bit, Saw ny, thy cimg emg 7 Ingp ey thé ta 6 thé van dung £ Tinh host cée mat edt va ce phuxmg tinh can bing 4€ sa0 ho vide gi he phucmg tein age dé ding 2.3. CAch tinh dan tinh dinh chiu tai trong bat dong [Ni 4& phia tich & 2.1 trong ede thanh din chi t6n tg lye doe N. Do 46, Ki thgehign mat edt qua m6i thanh din tachi cfn thay thé tke dung cia ‘dn thant bj cAt bing moe thinh phn ngi lye It Ive doe N. “Trong me nly ta s€ nghidn eit efch xée din Iye doe trong eée thanh dn theo mt 6 phuong phép thudng duge ép dung trong thyc Mant, sie Hann 211. 0A. Phuong phap tich mat 0 Phuong phép téch mét [8 truéng hgp dic biét cia phuomg phép mat cit, rong dé hé lye edn khéo sit cin bing Ia he Ive déng quy. Phuong phip nay thudng duge ding 48 tinh he din. [Noi dung cia phuong php téch mét age ich ra kd dan. ‘Thirty 4p dung: “+ Ln lugt téch tang mét ra khéi dan bing nhong mat cét bao quanh mat + Thay thé tc dung cis cc thanh bj eft bang Ive doc trong thann do, ‘Quy wee luc doc disong 1a kéo tic 18 huttng tir mat ra ngodl. Khi che Digt lye doc trong thanh thi gid thit ive doc 66 chidu dung, hustng re ‘ngoai mat dang xét. Sau kh thay thé, @i mB! mat ta co mot he le céng uy. + Kndo sat sy ean bang cia ting mat, V1 hé Ive la phdng vd d6ng uy 'ndn tai mB) mit cd ha phutong trinh cén bang, thuting ding hai phutng {inh hinh chiss theo hai phucg bal ky X va ¥ khong song song: X=0 va EVO. ‘Tor ete phuong trinh can bang d0 ta suy ra due noi luc edn tim. NEw kt qud mang du dung thi chiBu da gi dinh 1a dong, lve doc 1d Kéo: [Néiv kEt qué mang du &m thi chiBu eda Ive c&n tim nguise chiéu 68 gid inh, ae doc la nd. ‘VE nguyén the, 66 thé téch e4e mat theo thé ty bit k3 va tai mi mét 05 thé viet phuong tinh hinh chiéu 1én hai phuong X, Y bat ky khong song song, cusi edng van fim duge dy di cfc ngi Iue trong din. Tuy nhien, ‘nu thir ty téch mit va edch chon truc khong khéo thi trong mét phuomg ‘sinh cn bing €6 thé t6n tgi nhiéw lye chia bit, do 46 pha gi mot he phuomg tinh. Bign php 10+ nhdt la chon sao cho trong méi phueomg trinh edn bing chi chita mgt din 50. Mun vay, kh p dung phuong phép tach smi ta nén thue hign theo nhng chi din 2 (Nén In lug tach cc mat theo thirty a sao cho tai mi mét chi co ‘nai lue doc chua bit. ‘Tai mi mt ta chi o6 hai phuong trinh cn bang cho nén néu & d6 chi 1¢6 mot hode hai Iue doc chia biet thi ¢6 thé tim duge ngay. Trong teutng hop hé cho én hinh 2.12, 6 thé téch theo thi 1,2, 3, 4 1 Tei m8 ml, 46 tin lye dpe trong thanh chur biét dna ahs th én Ip io st sed binge tng mat huang th hnn chin phuang wang ge va than cha is Lim nhu vty th trong mi phuong tinh chi chia meu dn 36 va cdc két ‘qui tim dave sé doe lp voi nhau, dO mie sai Id dt dy, Vi due 2.2. Xée dinh luc dye trong efe thanh 1-2, 1-3 va 2-3 trong he ‘wen hah 2.128, ‘Téeh mit 1 hinh 2.126), d€ tim Nyt sic dung phuong len phurong Xvuong gée véithanh /-2 SX=N)3sina na cosa=0; sy ra Nj-s=2Pcotgar (le ke), Dé im Ny-218 ding phuong inh inh chigu len phuong ¥ wuong ge vst thanh (3 B= Np2snatA=0; suyra Ni-gm-2PIsinar (Wye née). Sukhi bit N92 ta 06 thé teh mét 2 48 tim Naa vi Now (hinh 2.120). Ching. hngn en tm Nos a chia ‘fe Iye len phuong vuong 1c V6i than 2-4 BV=Na.3cosf+ +N1.2cosp+ Nhung N)-2=-2Plsincr vi cosf = sina, ne: Nooj= Plaine (ue nén), ‘Ta phuomg phip tach mét ta suy ma efe hE qui quan ih hinh eh Ane x } trong sau 1) Tal mot mit chi co hai ‘thanh khong théng hang vd khOng 66 t8i trong tée dung thi hai thank a6 endng lio vige to 18 Ive dpc trong thal thann a6 dng kong. Vi dy nhu trving. hep 32 ddan tren inh 2.13, tue oc trong fe than 1-2 va I-10 bing khong. vit tho man fe yeu cfu cia be qua 1 'Bé ching minh hE qua ta Kho sét su cin boing cia mgt mit 6 hai thanh Khong thing hing vA khong 66 Ive dt & mt (hinh 2.14a). SX=Nosina=0; Via #0 én N; BY=Nysina=0; vae0 tn Ny 2) Tal mot mBt ba thanh trong dé c6 hai thanh théng nang va ng toh ‘mate King c8 ti trong tée dung ti than Knng thdng hang khong {hm vide (is pe bang knéng) cdn lye doc trong hat thant thdng hang ng nhau, “Twong tntng hop he teén hin 2.13 ta 6 ‘+ Tai mit 9: No.2= O.cbn N10 =o. # Tai mit 7: Nz-g= O ebm N78 = Nr «Tai mit Sta thy chi 6 hai thanh vi mot ue P, thing hang vi shan 5-5: 65 thé xem Ive P nh mt than di bit noi Ie, do 46: N+ con Ns.6= Dé chimg minh tinh chit ren ta khio sit srt bing cia mit vé tren hin 2-14, 06: BV=Nysina'=0; viaeO nea N)=0. DX=Ns-N2=0; en Nya No 16a ite edn ching minh. “Trude ki tinh din ta nén ch § ir dong cde he qua trén dé phat hign cfc than Khong lam vige va Toai ching ra khdi he, nhu vay hé cn Ia sé don gin v8 d& ding tinh ton hon, Phuong phip tich mit e6 wu diém A dom gin, 48 dp dung nhumg cing 06 rihuge dim ta néu dé xy asai im trong mt bude tinh ton nto 46 th ‘he kt qua tgp sau cng bj sai Ké0 theo, inh 2.44 B. Phuong phap mat edt dom gid Phuemg phép mat eft don gidn 18 tring hep dfe biet cia phoma, phép rt eft, duge 4p dung kh tin loi 8 tinh din tnt din ki e6 thé thy higntich doi din think hai phén clap Bing mox mat cit qua ce than 18 8 noi Iue cha bist n6i chung khong lom hon ba. Phuong, php ny do ‘A. Ritter (1826-1908) kién nghi du tién vA duge hodn thien bit pido sv F.S Iaxinxki (1856-1899), ‘Thi ty 4p dung: Thue hig mat edt que thenn edn tim n6l Ive va que hal thenh Khac hua bit no ue, mate cn phi chia dan ra than hai phidn dc ep. hay thé tae dung eda cc thanh bf cBt bang cBc Ive doc tuong ing. ‘cang nhs phusng phap taen m8, Khi chu Biét > doc fe gid hit 8 ‘rang nga 8 hudng ra ngosl mst dang xét. Lap oi kign cn bang cia mot phén dn bet (phn phi hove phén tra). Trong trong nop nay ta 0 he luc phdng bét ky, nén co ba ‘phuong trinh cin bing. Tu cdc phusng th cin bang JO suy re cic fag lve cn tim. NEU KBt qué mang du dung th chu ng Ie hudng theo chidu gié inh, te I Kéo. Nau Ii nu KEY qué mang dau 8m thi chidu n6i lie hubng nquge chu gié dh, ta 8 nn. ‘Dé tim dye ede phuomg trinh can bing tong d6 méi phuong tinh chi ceva mt dn #6 ta nn thye hin theo eh din sau Trung hop ba thanh chu bist pl Ive ct nhau ting 40! mg, 8 tim ‘ne trong thenh tha nhs, nén si?.dung phuong trinh cn bang due dong t6ng mémen el c8c Ive a6 vai giao aiém eda hal than cén la. Trung hop trong 86 ba thanh bj c8t chu biét mdf Ive cd hal thanh song song, dé tim ni le trang thanh Khéng song song ta sit dung phucng tinh cn bang dud! dang tng hin chigu ela cae Ive len Dphuang vung g6e val hai thanh song song. Vi du 2.3. Xée dj nnb Wye doe tong cfc thanh 2-3 vi 48 cia din tren ini 2:15, Tim Nas: the hia mat e&t 1-1 qua thank 2-3 vit ha than chu bit ng Ive 3-9 v8 9-8, Thay thé cfe than bj cét bing luc doe twong tng nhir teen hinh 2.15. Kio sét cn bang phn ben tri mit eft. BE tim duge ngay N22 te lap phusog tinh can bing dugi dang tng momen cla ee lye thuge phn ben 3esi mat ft dt ¥6i giao digm cia hai thank 3-9 va 9-8 ic la di vot diém 9. Khi 46, fe lye chu biti No, No-s Khong tham gia phuong ‘inh edn bing, ta es sup ett -(29-B peo. a Tim Na-g:thye hign mat eft 2-2 nhuc teen inh 2.15. Mat cit ny qua ba ‘thanh cha bist noi lye, tong d6 hai thanh 34 va 8-7 song song. Do d6, 8 tim Nesta lap phuong trinh can bing dui dang hinh ehiéu cdc tue thuge phén phi (hode phn tri) Ién phuong vuong géc v6i hai thanh song song 3-4 va 8-7, a £6: oe =-Wessina-Pe( 27-4) oni tic: 'Néa mitt ava than (ho han aa} chun bit ni Yen chung ta rg ‘td xb Gh gay dune cc uc do theo mol mo, Tong tung hep Be it cae tran ct ing uy tal mt dr Kno 4 er mgt han th ta ob him nay age nl tong ant Keng og uy tema mac ‘Vi dy, v6i he trem hin 2.16, mt eft J-) di qua nam thanh hua bist gi tue trong 45.6. bon thank déng quy & diém & dé tim Me tong thanh Khong déng ‘guy t 06 thé sit dung phuong oh oar sing Up =e Pp say ra Nyg = ue Keo 9% Nea Ding MM C. Phuong phép mat edt phsi hop sa Phuong phép nly duge ép dung dé tinh dan Ki khong ding duge phuong. pip mit edt don giin, nghia It kh tai mot mat eft, s6 lye hua bet én. hom ba. Mue dich chinh cia phuomg, php nhy 1 tm edch thigt Hp mot 25 phuong tinh cAn bing chi chia mot 36 ly chua bist bing 36 phong tin dd. Lie ny ta pi gi he phuong tinh. TH ain 6 phuong inh ng icing i. [Ni 8 bi ki het 4p mot phuong inh en Bing trong méi mat cit 6i chung chic thé oy ti duge ai ye cha bit. Bt vay “© Khi eh ed she she hin met ct qua Bde thant chu igh ng ye mdi “i did Kg lat qua thank cnt he x chia dn thnk ha ‘Phin de pth va ph ding ha mat edt pho hop. Vt hat ma et {ued thé im ngay de ai nb lg theo hal phuong nh. Mua vy * Fai mat cds en ph di qua hat thanked thm nt ye v2 i at Chi ed thé di qua hai than thd cha cn tim ntl. Hai than cba in thm noi Ive thuge mt et td mht pit Khe Bet vo ha thn hua ed tim noi ye tage mt et ai, N60 Khong tha ml et string hop. ‘+ Trong mdi mit ed, hii lp mgt phuong wink cn bing sa0 cho ede ‘ae cua cin tm Khong tam gia. Noe vy a Mp dus hai phueng ‘inch chda ha dn 6 Vi du 24. Xé0 dinh tye doe trong than 2-5 va 5-3 ela din ten bi 217 The ign mat edt I: gt edt iy di quai than cn tim og Ie 2-3 va. 5-3 dng thot qua bi thanh cha fn tin ng Ive rads. Dé €6 duge phuong tinh hi chia 2.3 Va Ns lip phuong tinh etn bing hinh cid cia ede Ive beni ng et en phuong thing ding Sy = Na-ssinal2) ~Nssin( a2) ~3,5P-P-P 0, hay Nzossin(a2) ~Ny.ssin(al2) ~0,5P = 0, @ Thue idm mat et 1-41 (eb rol), Ma bt may i gua ai than ef i noi le 2-5: 3-5 vi hai than Khe chum ef tim noi ye fa JS; $4. DE {Wl lap phuong tn eht cha Nz-s vi Ns lap phuong inh hb cigs cs fe ve the dyng ben tong match Ten phone ngang: Be Na-scos{ai2)+ Ny-scos{a2) = 0. © inh 2.47 55025P. Gide phurmg tn (a) va (ta use: Ny. ©“No-s Sete a “ Khi cht thé he hign mt ct qua nm than cha bit ng he mei “ad a fagn edt qua thank edn tim di ae va chia he than al phd “Goclap tht phi st dung ba mt ct phdi hop. Vi ba mat cit ph hop te6 thé fim ngay dag ba nd lye theo ba phuomg tein. Mun vay Cac mat ct phdi di qua ba thank edn tm oi le va. mdi mat ct On i thé di qua hai thanh Rh na chu edn tim noi luc «Troms méi mit edt ta thiét lip mgt phug rink chi chita cde dn 3 adn tim. Git gba phuong inh J ta 38 thu Gage ba noi Ive ef im, ‘Cong IY tug tuong ty nhu v8y &6i voi ede teumg hp efn dang bn mat chu poi hop, nm mat et phi hop. ‘DSi wi hing he thong thing ta chi eém ding hai mat eft phi hop Th ai, D. Phuong phap hoa d- Gidn 46 Maxwell. Cremona 56 ‘Phuong plaép hoa 46 18 phuomg phép v8 dé gid bai ton. Phuong phép ny (dom pias, mt dd chinh xde cin ket qua phu thuge mc d0 chinh xéc vB ‘Quy mo ce bin v8 song n6i chung c6 thé dp ng duge yeu eds tact, G6 thé vin dung phuong phép hoa dé dé gidi nhigu bhi ton khéc ohau uy oe va dd nae dink phn luo, ni lve eng nhu v8 biéu 46 noi we trong ce he tinh dink. Trong myc aay ehi giot thieu eéch vin dung huang phép hoa 46 4é tinh he din, 46 1a trwtng hop thung due ding ‘rong thigt KE, (Cich gidi bai ton dige tinh bay todm bo trém mgt hinh VE got IA gin dd ng le hay gidn 43 Maxwell~Cremona, do aha vat ly hoe nguti Anh J. Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) dé ep va ahd Rinh hoe Katia 1a Luigi ‘Cremona (1830-1903) phat tién, ép dung vio ket eu din, “Trude ki di vao nghien cat gin d noi ye ta edn tm higu eéch xée dioh ni le trong ede thanh ca din Bing hoa d6, Gil sir fe phn Iye ai ra dB bist (céch x8e djnh phn lye bing hoa 66 3 duge d& cap trong Co hoe co 88) yeu efu xée din noi lye trong cde thanh cia din. "TH Ci hge ea sta dl itt: didu hig cn vd dit dé cho he luc déng quy Hy=0- DiyeVasa-2gaa ~qa. + go? 72Mm Vida -2ga.da -ya2a ~ qa + b) Ve ee bid 6 mpi ye ‘Trong irvine hop nly, tai rong vwuong ge vi truc dm nén Iue doc ti moi tiétdign déu bing khong. Ta chi cin vé biéw 46 Iye it vA momen 6a. Ky higu Sh ni lye tate dit / huge doan thank ik “4 Doan AC- Trong dean ny 661i tong phn bo du nt: + Bigu dé Q 6 dang dung thing wién, tm theo hai gi tai A vi C 1B 7 svar Baas Qca=Va-ga=Zga One Va =a @ 40a + Biu 46 M o6 dang ding cong parabol fe i 14 eb: 5 1 2: Facts mua eae Mice Meena 4 Doan CD- Trong doan ny 6 ti trong phn b6 déu nen: 66 + Biéu d6 0 6 dang dung thing xien, Qo =V4~24a~qa = 7 1 co = 7.40 -4a= A4a; + Bidu 46 M o6 dang dung cong parabol ble hai, tac: 1 oan a0 “+ Doan DB - Trong oan niy khong oti trong phtn bé nen: + Bigu 46 0 c6 dang dutmg thing song song véi dving chun vi 5 200~~F40 + Bidu 4506 dang dung thing xien voi: “+ Doan BE- Trong doan ny o6 ti trong phn b6 tco lust bc nha nt 1 Bidu 46 0 6 dang dung cong bic hai véis 3 at mga xu n= 4 ga 3 ga (nung nun). 1 i cde ng og Mace Ls M05 r= ate Zo ede 28. Ve is 9 coe han nih 227, Co Gis/3Ni g2=2kNimy PBN, MTN, a= 2-04 Demme cain mh gy ion pn ttn atk on en ing Fn oh tie 4) Bm no Bh caradomenen/Oa 04 (0d Pn Xchange bo Dategae0, sym Men? Dhow Vodn- PoP a Saguenay: Vout 718% Dios 2erlea-PSa6 i Pardsgan sy Ve SAN Si veete bie dl rb 2 ed doc tue a“4 Doan AB: Trong dogn niy khong e6 Ive phan bs php tuyén num cb Te pn bs gp tuyén va momen phtn bm. Do d6 + Bidu 46 ue doe o6 dang, dung thing xien, duge Xie dinh theo gi tai hai ds doa: Nan=0 : Noa=—quae-2 kN. « Bigu d6 tye eft 66 dang song song v6i duis chuin, duge xée diah theo gid tit mot tet digs ching han a it dign A: Pa + ma =—3,2 kNm, 3 a7 Woh 2.27 oo) 4 Doan EB; D& ngubi quan sit nhu ttn inh 2.272, Cie bidu d6 noi Ive ‘uae xée dint theo efe gid sau: Naye-Vge-3S KN; Qen=He=2kN; Mep=0; Mac=H.a=4 kNm. 4 Doan BC: Che bia d6 ngi ye dupe xécdinh theo efe gi tr sau Nace -qra+Hes 0; Qac=—P4Vg= 1.3 kN: Mac=-PatHeatma Mca=-P.2a+HeatVeat + oan CD: Trong doan ny 6 tai trong phn b6 déu, wuong gée véi 68 teye thank, Do d6: + Biéu 46 Iye dgc o6 dang duing thing song song vei dung chuén, age xéc din theo gid ti lye doe a tit didn D. Ta e6: Noe = 0: + Bidu 46 ye oft o6 dang duing thing xin, duge xe dinh theo hai gid tr ta tet dign C vA D. Nu ding phén phil ta 6: Qco=-Virty.a =—0,7 KN (ctng 66 thé xée din theo sid tai C thuge dosn AC néu dya vio tin chat cia bude nhiy) Qnc:=-Vp=~4,7 KN. «+ Bidu d6 momen usin £6 dang, dug, cong parabol bic hai vt duge xde inh theo ede gi tr sau Mep= 4st kNm (ti C khtng 6 bude mhiy); Mpc=~M=-2 kN [NGi hai tung do biéu d8 momen wn & hai du doen CB bing dung de nét, Te gia duimg, dit net, déng vuong gee voi dung chusin theo chidu cia ti trong q mat doan m= 9.428 w= KNm, ta duge tung 44 thi ba, Noi ba tung d9 46 v6i nhaw bing dudng cong te duge biéu 46 ‘momen usin ten doan CD. lye eit Vi du 2.7. Ve biéu a6 momen usin cho he chia tii trong nhu een hin 28a, 7 3 Hioh 2.28 “Trong bhi tosn nly khong clin xé¢ dinh phin Ive néu khixée dinh noi lve ta chi Khio st can bing phén he khong chia len ket nga. 4 Doan AB: Trong doan may biéu 46 momen ubin e6 dang dvime thing «itn vi ge xe dinh theo bal git tr sa Myn=0: Myan—Pa 2 =—4a2l3 4 Doon DB: Dat ngudi quan sét nhe tren inh 2.288 va khéo sit phn phil, Bigu d6 momen uén 5 dang dung thing xien va duge xéc din theo aid rj momen ud tak B Va D. Coi ti tong phn bs theo tut hin thang nh tp hop eda haiti trong: ti trong phan bs déu vai cvdng eo {én abst bing qv ti rong phn 6 theo Iust tam gi voi cutng 42 1m ht a du te bing q 066: Myo = Mop = Pa I2ga.a 2~q(a(2)( a 13) = ~(113) 402 “Trong tring hop my big 46 c6 dang song song v8 dvimg chun Dow BC: Bidu 66 mémen wn e6 dang duimg cong b§c be va due xe «inh theo ede gi tr sas Myc=—qa.al2—qa2}( a3) =~(213) at; Mea 0. Dig hai tung d9 Moc va Mcp tip 46 n6i hai tung d9 46 v6i hau biog ‘datng dt née, DE tim tung 46 th ba, 1 gida datmg. dt net dong wong, fe voi dutmg chun, theo chidu cia q mgt dung ten mu = 11 M2 trong d6: n= 4. 228 ~ ding tin tons dg v6i ti trong phan b6 theo Tuat ‘ho nhat voi eung 20 9: 2116 ~ dang te twong ing vi tl trong phan 6 theo lat inh tam gide wi cutmg d9 lm nit Lg Vay n= (4.218) + (4.0216) = (3116) 02 INéi ba tung 49 vita tim duoc bing duing cong ta s€ duge bidu 66 ‘momen un trong doan BC. “Toin bo bigu dé momen usin trong he thanb nf trén nh 2.286, Vi dw 2.8. VE cde biu 48 ngi luc cho he chu tdi trong nhy tén hinh 2.298, (Cho bist Py =64N; Pye BEN: q= SKN/n. ‘Trong he di cho 6 hai diéu cén lw 4 1 6 lt kél Ain dt ai A, duge mo ti dudi dang 1d xo (inh 2.290, “Trong pham vi bi ton xde dinhngi lye trong he tinh din, més céch tah urge tue hidn theo 3 chia bién dang thi noi lye Khong phu thuge 49 ‘cng cia efe lin ket cing nhy cia cfc edu kien, Do 46, ta c6 thé xem Tien ket in hi tai A nur mot lidn ket thanh binh thuéng. inh ” 0 “Thanh BD trong be 6 9 cing EI 2, te 1a khong bi bign dang. Nhu <2 neu 6 un, nb Ive tong he inh dinh khong phy thuge €6 eng cl cic ce thanh. Mat Khie, v8 nghia: khi KhOng o6 bién dang th trong thanh kong tnt noi Ive. BE two diéu kgm thudn loi cho vie vé bigu 46 theo uy eich thong thuong va dé ding kiém tri efe digu kign can bing. «uy ube: xem ee thanh e6 £7 = 2 nu thanh e6 do cdg haw hyn ahung «akon (El >) big 6 rong ong than ny Bg dub de a) Xie dink etic phn hye-Xét can bing tin he, ta Da54-8+ My=A3 +8.2~64 $420, Ve ede biti db not ye ~ Lin tug ve bigu 46 noi Ine trong 5 dosn than "AD: BF; FD; DE; EC thea quy céch di thue hign tong exe Vid ten, t ‘duge ket qui nhu teen Binh 2.29 b,c, Sida 6 ob ye wong eb dow ianh BF: FD de ve Bing uo at etCéch tinh hé ba khép chiu tai trong bat dong A. Xde dink phan tee ‘Xét he ba kp wi c&e kieh thude 48 biét vA chu ti trong bat KY nh tren inh 2.300. Goi A vi B Ia phn lye niche i tya A,B. Ce phn Ive my © piuong,chua bit nén duge phan tch think hai thinh phén theo hai phaong, Dat Ky nur sau: [Néu phan tich theo phumg AB vA phuong ding (hinh 2.306.) ta 6: al%s; 25 YA ‘5 Neu phan ie theo phuomgngtng vA pong Ag hin 2.3006), ta: alfa Ay es [Nhu vly, mus xic dink e&e phin lye A,B ta chi ein Tin luge xe dinh ofc thanh phn eda ching. 4. Xe dinh ef than phn Vad va Ved Dé afc dinh efe phan Iue Vit va Ve a ntn van dung cfc phuong tinh ‘etn bing momen doi vi cdc g6i A va B v ie ny fe think phn Ive Za vA Zp khong tham gia phuong tinh edn bing. ‘Turphuomg tinh Mp =0, suy ra Vat. Terphuong tinh IMa= 0, suy Ve ‘Ta thy edch tim phn lye Vad va Vet trong he ba kh6p ging nh efch tim phin luc trong dm fin din nen ede phin lve my duge got I phn 2 edd va de iy V2 TV 68, 2. Xte dinh cde thanh phin 24 va Ze ‘Che Iye nay duge xfe dinh theo didu kign momen uén t kong: [N&u ko st phn wom ban ti ta 6: trong 66: [MIE ~t6ng, momen cia cfc lye d9¢ teen phim vim ben tréi dd véi idem C (hbo KE le Z): Ih ~khoing efeh tirkhdp C dé ding n6i AB. nop C bing Mc= -Zah+ Mc = 0, Tes an en “Tue th hv bt pl ue zaeMl, a2 att ax MB ~téng momen ci cbc Iye dat ttn phn vom ben pi dé vi idm € ong ké ye Zo) CCic thinh phin Zq vd Zp thitme chi 6n ti trong ee ea kop nen dug goin fe ue vm 13. Xée dh ef thanh phn Ha va Ho Tar hinh 2.306, «ta a8 ding xfedinh gece thanh phn Hv Fp theo 2x8 Zp nh sa: Ha=Zqcos Hy = Za cosb ax “Tong ung hop he chi chiv ti trong te dung thing ding, sau Khi vet Aigu kien can bing hinh his cn ede Ive ln rye mbm ngang 86: Hani TwQsianyre — 242022. ‘Nhu vty, trong tring hop he ba Kp chi chu trong thing dng tht Ie vor ge x0 ha gi cng bing nau ve gi te 4. Xée di thanh phn Va vi Vo ‘Trhinh 2.306, t 8 ding xe dinh duce: nVas Vit Zq sin: Ves Vel ~Zn sind. Cha 9 én (2.3) 106: Vas Vat Hy teDt Vo=Vet—HateB. QA) 5. Xéc dinh cdc phin lye toan phin A va B ‘Phin lye ton phi A va B 1 tng hin hoe ca ef thdnh phén phn We wong ng i: AeVf +2, =0y 4s BaVh+2qaVq + Ae Do 66, de en cia phi ye A vi B due xe dn theo cong thi ss a-\vieuh B. Xb dink di bas ‘Su Khi bit cdc thinh phén phin luc ta o6 thé xde dinh oi luc tong he theo phuong phép d3trinh bay trong 2.3 va 24 tay theo be 1 din ba Kh6p hode vom, Khung ba khép. rong tudng hop t8i trong tc dung thdng ding hose song song vei bhucing tracy, ta thie lap dupe ec biéuthde cy thé, tien Igi cho vige x8 inh noi ye tak moe et dien bit ky trong he vom Fhoge khung ba kh. 1. Bidu thie mémon uén Gil sr cm thiet Lap bidw the momen won My(2) ta ligt dien £ 66 hoinh a 2 tren vm bu khap chiu ti trong thing dig nbs ten hind 2.3 Tung. wong thye hia mit eit qua tet dig va xét cin bing cia mot hin vom, ching han hin ben ti ta 06: Miz) = Vi. ~Pyay ~ Prag ~Za yi Oi chig véi dm dom gidin scm ting nga 1a ddm don gid 6 nhip bing mhip cia vm va chi ti trong te dung nhir wen vom (hinh 2.316) an (em: nh 2.34 4 ta thy dai lung: Vade~P) ay ~ Pras in 18 momen U6 Mf) trong dim ti tet dign k swong img o6 hotnh 92. Do dé o6 thé viet Mile) = Mullz) ~ Za ‘Ta hinh 2.31 ta thay ye* = yx cosfh, dng thd theo (2.3), Ha = Zqeop. nen bidu the rn €6 dang: Mil2) = Mel) Hae Viti tong thing ding, nen Hy = Hp = H, do d6 ta eé: Mie) = Mie) Hye es) wong 66: -My(2) ~ momen usin ai tet diem k bat KY €6 hod 49 = tren vie chi tai rong te dung thing ding: -Myl(z) ~ mémen wba ta tet dign & tong ing trong dim dom gién o6 ‘cng nhip va cing chju ti trong te dung nh wen vom: 1H ~Iye x0 cha vor: a — Khong edeh theo phuomg thing ding & thing AB not ai gi cia vom. (Qua cong thic (2.5) te e6 the gid thich duce inh wu viet cia ket eas vom 0 vi ket cdu den nhu sau: momen usin i mot viet dign Bit ky cla vom bing momen uén tueng ing trong dm e6 cing nhip vi e6 cing ti rong ter ditch s6 Hy. Tieh $6 Hy lim cho momen usa trong vom nhd hon ‘momen usin trong dm. Néu Ko chon duge hinh dang ca vm sa0 cho tich s6 Hy luon luén bang ding dai lugmg Miz) thi momen usin ai moi tit dign cia vim déu bing khong, lic 46 vim hoin toin Khong chi én va khong chiu cit mb chi chiu nén. Ny vay kh®ng ning s8 tigi kigm duge vat ligu ma oda c6 thé sir dung. duge ahimg vat lieu chi chix duce rn hu gach, 8 2. Bidu the lye ct Gia sien tht lap bid thd le et Oz) ti tet diem bat KY & €6 hod {dg wen vom ba khgp chu tic dung cia ti trong thing ding (hinh 2.3), Tur dinh nga vé Ive ct, ta 6: Tie dtm & dn dome 18Qul2)=Vateosa~ Posen Prcasant Za sinB cose Za cos sina chi yee bid hoe 2.3): Za = 06 thé vit fe) = Wal P)~P2) cose A. sinfrcosen - A cos sina OK Pa) Zh sno BG cosp ines Gils) = Wal =P 12) coven + Ha teB cose —Hq sine, D&i chigu v6i dém dom glin c6 cing nhip va c6 cing tii trong ta thy dai lugmg V/~ Py~P2 trong bigu thie ten chia Ia Iue edt Q4e) trong dim tai tet dink tuomg img e6 hol 49 2, cho nen: Q4(2) = Ope) cose ~ Ha (sine ~tgf cose). ‘Nhung do ti trong the dung thing ding Hye Hom H neo [Outs) = Que2) cose —H(sinan ~t9B cose), es) tong a6: (Qu) ~ lye ft a it didn & BEL KY €6 hot 9 tong vom chit trong te dong thing ing: Ov) ~ lye et a it didn k tong mg trong dtm dom gin o6 cing hip vA cing chi ti tong thing dmg tée dung nhe trong vom; 2 — g6e hop git phucng tip tuyn vi tr vom ti it didn k va phuong nim ngang: A ~ 6c hop ita phuong nim ngang 6 phuomg AB m6 tin hai gi, 1H ~lye x6 cia vom. 3. Blu thie Iye doe 16 ‘Tuomg ty nhu ttn, na quy we luc doc ko la dong th bigu thie Ive dge ‘Ni(a) a Het ign & bat ky c6 hodnh do z cia vom ba Khp chu tée dung fy hode theo mu dah. My eb tie. ign £8 trong nip vi gid tr a ~» 0. KE. qui nw tren inh 3.2 “ Phin lye lt lye tp tung & g6i Thm thay 465i gl tr Ie ct ti a eet ‘ign Ghai ben g6i ty, Do d6 ta cén v8 hai dat. Iye cbt # Daath. Og! ites dign 6 ben tdi gig theo mu dia thita vi i dign m +t digng Chink 3.2m). (Qn cia tet diem 103+ Dah. Op tai tet diem & ben phi g&i g theo miu dash. Qe cia tet itn rong ship 6i tt dt k — it aieng (hin 3.20). B. Buing dnh hating phan tae v4 n6i lac trong khung Céch vE duing dn hug phn Iye v8 noi Tuc tong he Khung efng duce the hign theo nquyén te tuomg, us nha trong he dm, Ta sé tim hiéu eéch ve thong qua vi du 3.2 Ve dy 3.2. XE khung én inh 3.48, V8 cfc ding aah burg phin Ive vi noi Ie tai tet dign twong, ing voi efe tnwing hep 1) Lye Pel eS phuomg thing ding, di dong ten ‘omg CDE (nish 3.43). 2) Lye Pal 06 phuong rim ngang, di dong tren tat cd che thank (hiah 3.50). D baw di ding Pal 0b ‘phiomg ihdng ding ‘Trong trutng hop nly ta <6 thé chon dutng_chudn (Cée thinh phn phin lve Va. Ve duge xée dish nh fe phin Iye wong dim ke tetn hai g6i A, B. Do d6: Cie dahVq, da.nVges dyng nhu ten hah 3.46, €. “Thanh phn Ha=0 v6i mai vi tf cia Wye thing ding P=/ én da. Hy ting v6i dung chun. Cie dah. noi lye tg king duge xfe dinh twomg ty nu dah noi et {ie din trong nip dm dom gin. 104 + Khi Po di dng ten phn ben tri ih dién k (ee CDK) ta €6: dahMy aVn2 =2.53 Khi 220: My= 0; khii z= 4 m: My = 2. dah Qi=Vecosa=-08%; Khi 250: Qy0; khiz =4m:Qr=-08. dah.Ne= Vasina 206: +4 m: Ne= 056. Be hi i Tw ede ket qui ttn ta v8 duge ce didng tricia dah noi ye tai (inh 3.4e,f 9) ‘© Khi Pel di dng trén phi ben phi it dlign k (en KE) ta 6: Ahi 290: Ms 2; ki z=: Me = 0. 18: Khi Am: Op =0. ahieeVpsina «06 Ws: Ne-06; 4H red Ny "eh kta a dh a nah i haSae t0) Tenth ae, eke dak dah Que da Nach in 2) Lad dng Pepe nin oe Tg ne py cf hn hl en wc fe a rosin Tom ng 1) in dle Am Rig = Sten dle a pin ese Ups Vy Spm Gable dantqn sl hectwis Saye abit Lin luet cho P=1 di dgng trong ting thanh tc Ia cho z biti thin, tr efe bio thde ten ta dB ding ve duge céc dahV,, dahVe nw trén hinh 3.5b va d.ah.Hq nu tren inh 3.5. DE ve cfc dah, noi Ive tg a fn xét hal tg hop: + Rhi P=! di dong trén phd ban tir ign k (etn cfc doan thanh AD, CD, Dk) a6: dahMp = (dash. Vp)2 =(al4)2 = 0,52, dahQe=-{dahVo)cosa=-2/4)08 O25:GahNe= (dahVa)sina =(214)0.6; = O15 2. @) dah Ver- daha 1, 18: a 4 ri 225 ab, dana 42.4M ion 35 Ln lugt cho lye P= di dong ten ting doan thanh, tr ede big thc tren ta thm duge ede tung d9 dah. tuomg tng vied gid tr cia 2: 105 Bogn AD: Kbiz=0, Miz 0; _ Khize3m, Mie 15: DoanCD: Khiz=e3m, Mes 15: Doan Dk: Khiz=3m, Mie 1.5: , Khize4.5m, My= 225; Qi=-09; Ny=0.675. Tw efe Ket qui ttn ta v8 duge cfc ding sri chia dah mdi ue tak (inh 3.54, e, 9, ‘+ Khi P=I di dong trén phn ben phditiét dtm k (etn cbc dogn thanh KE, EB) ia c6: dahMs ahr (dahVg)2(dahHy)4S (214) 2445 =-0.5:44,5; (dahVy)cosa +(dahHy)sina = = (~214)08+1.06=-02:+04 dakNe= ~(d.ahVy)sina H(dahHaicosa= =-(-214)06 +108 =0,15 2 + 08. Ln lug cho lye P=/ di dong tren ting doan thanh, tr fe bigu thie ten ta tim duge fe tung 49 dutmg nh hudng tueng tng voi cde gi ts} Kh hau ca DoankE: Khiz=45m, My= 2,25; Qin-03: Ne=l.475. Khizem, M15: Op-06; Niel 7. Doan EB: Khiz=6m, Myx 15; Qr=-06: Newl.7. Khiz=0, | Mex 45; Or 06; 18. ‘Ti efe két qui trén ta v8 duge efe dung phdi cia dah. ng lye tai k (tinh 3.54, ¢, 0. ‘Tren hinh 3.4, ¢, £1 cfc d.a:hM: da.h.Qe va da.h.Ne ob tm, 3.3. Bung anh hung trong hé cé hé thdng truyén lye ‘Céch vé dung inh hung phn ive va noi Ive trong he 66 he thong aye lge duge xay dung ten nguyen th so sinh su lim vie gia he Khong o6 he thong tayén Ive vi he 06 Be thing trun Ige kh chi til rong Ped dt ‘dong tren tng wyen Ive. DE VE dah 5 Kh da heme Sthage heh le chin Ime Ke Bt KY (66 thé 18 dé, khung, din, he ba kop, he ghép..) ta ign Minh theo tha we sur sau: 41) Vb dah. § vOi gid thiét no Khdng 66 he thing trun IU te I colt 107trong Ps ol dong tre tip tbr he chi ie chin. Song thye rahe o6 he thing truyéa luc cho nén ta cn phi sta Li kt qui vt tim duge. Céch sta ai sé duce 4 cp dn trong cdc bude tip sa 2) Git ai ca tung a da.h S (vi tm dupe 8 butte 1) ung dudl cic mst tnuyéin ue, ede tung dB nay ehinh Is Cae tung 0 da.h. Ski co he tng truyéo Ive ‘That vay. theo # nghia cia tung do dudng dn hung, ede tung do nay bid {hj dai luong, S Khi i rong PP dat ngay tal mit truyén Ive tome img, [Nhung khi P=/ ge ding tai mit truyénIue thi thge elt m6 Bt tre tip ‘bo két ef chinh nen ede tung d9 nay déng thoi eXng Ia ede tung dp dash Si c6 he théngtruyén ue Die bigtkhi ti cong P=/ 6 ti mde dae wen tei dt ht Aye PP 98 truyen tuys ep vio tsi da, khong gly anh hung xudng he chiu Ive chink cho na ing wi ede vi tt my tung d9 dung a) beer fin hung e6 gid tr bing khong. 9) Lin tpt ni cc tung 49 vie gil tren val nhau bang cic doan thdog nd trong ham viting dt 6) beet BE xic nhin ditu sie d6i my ding ta Ro fn hig minh 1 khi P=J di dong tong Pham vi mot dst, dak, $58 o6 guy uit gy Roos bae nt va dais ai tung 0 ng Si mice va mt pi ca td x ee mt ditt nm gida mit fo trong be 66 he thing ruven ge (nh 3. Gi sit dian, S dmg vl rng hop Ke khong 66 thing tye ye ding dt net we Rin 3.6, ee tng dy rs Th ee tang dB dae gi Ini cg ds mt tyne va + 1). Lie Po 6 ng rn 66 trayen xg chit We chia qua haf ge Revd Ryde sedi ays inh 3.6% dz R a Hai dpe v8 Ruy thy hE cho te ng cb ve Pod ety inh hung den ai ong trong chi Ive chink. Xu pat § pha ca tung 9 108 = ans Hah 36 5 Rae lia Revi Ry dn dah, bp dy ayn ng he ang ao ie i ung ‘teme Sns Semin Ror By S22 tS yes Dota phangih dah, thi P= ing en, (1) Pen nd Fre an en en ah dang tg hg gu a ng Barone ty bi = sii ed hing ish Ve 29. Cho er wen ih 3.78 Ki ed ng thing dng P=! ang ten rg te tg ik gn WA: men Tae ent a an pis khiz=d twe6 S= yer @ inn 37 ip dah. Oar ” aanagn 109‘Sau Ki thye hign theo thi ty ndu ten ta im duge dak. A vb dash. My sh tren hin 3.7, (Cie tih dig m vam 8 dui mit tuyéa Iye 8 noi 6 &p Iye tap rung én tye eft tai cde tit din & hai ben mit wuyén lye $8 e6 git ti kh nha. Do den v8 hai dmg dnh hung lye elt twomg tng vi hai tet ign 8 hai ben mat tuyéa luc “DO vd tg lg m+ Sau Koi vé dung an hung Qn vi gi thi Iv ‘dit true tgp ten he chia Ive chinh Khi gid lai tung dd cng dui rmtm ta en hye hign nh sau: + Daath, Qn: te aby mit euyén lye 6 ben ph tet dign Kho s6t nen mgt Ia ung do ben phi, Ket qui hu ttn hinh 3.7 + Dash, Onl: Iie ndy mat raya lye & ben ti tiétdign Kio sat nt] ‘fn gid gi ung do bn tdi Ket qui nu tren inh 3.7. “Dai vi dh dign m > Sau Kbi v8 dutmg. nh hug Qy v6: gi thie] {at try tgp trén he chia lye chinh (da. chi e6 mot tung do bing} “1 mg dui it den n), hi gi Iai tung 69 ng du6i mit ta eXng thi) hign twong ty nh trang hop tet ign m. Ket qui thm duge nhu ts hin 3.7 vg 3.4, Buding anh hudng trong hé ba khop A. Ducong dink huang phiin tue 6 day chi wink bay ech v8 dung inh hung cia cée thinh phn phin Ix} trong he ba khdp chiu td trong thing ding P=/ di dong mi khong tn] y hing ea of phin lye toin phn A va B vi vé el date eh ning dS vta Ks Kava ng nthe 41. Bung nh hudng cia cde thanh phén phan ive Va va Vo hi én he be khop et tog thing ding P=/ ai dong vei vit due sxe diah theo hoaah 49 z ta tim duge bu the gid ie ola dung dnt hung Wa va Vo tree digw kien ed bing: DMy=0= dahV 94 = (I) Myn0> dah Vel =2/1 Lin lugt cho hodnih 40 z ha gi tr khde nhau ta sé vE due dash of think phn phn Iue ndy nh ten hinh3.8b v8, Ta thiy cdc dah, Ve AV hod toin ging nhu efe dah phin lye trong éém tuong img. 110 2. Bubng anh huding lye x8 H ‘Theo (2.5), bu thie gi tien cia momen uén tai mot tet ign bat ky trong vom kh chi 1H tong thing ding Ia: ils) = ME C2) ~H ys Ap dong cong thée ny cho Tit dign 6 khép C ela vom, ta < Mow Mé Hye, vive =f nin He MEIf Khilue Po di dong ttn vom, tung dp f12 hing Tugng con xi tugmg ME va H bin ai oD Nhu vay, t0 ve dutng anh yp | a BO huding ye x8 H Bang cach ve ‘aatng dah hung momen uén trong dm tasng tng tl vf tt nop C, r6i cha. cho. hing tant dng anh hung H nh en inh 3.84 2. During anh hung lye vam Z Khi luc thing ding P=/ di dong ttn be ba khop a6 ding thc Ha Zcosp. 1 dah Z= (ahs cos anv Dods @2) Nhu vty, fa v8 due auing dn hutng Z bang cach Id astng dan huting H chia cho hang lupng cose 4, Dung anh huéng ei cée thanh phn phan lye dimy Va va Ve (Che cong thie (2.4) vin ding kh ti rong thing ding P=? 3 bat ky vi tr nnao ten he ba kop Van Val High: Vg=Vot Hh eg0. Ki Por di dong, di luong te khong thay di, con c&e dai luomg Khe «du thay 46% cho nn ta thé vit dahV a= dahv i+ (dah) gh; dahvy= dake! ~(dahtl) ep. 63) [Niu vay, 06 v8 auting dnh huting Va (no#e Va ta Iéy dung anh huting Vad (hodc Ve) cong those ti val dung dnh huting H a8 nha vel tof. Che dahV4 VAda.h¥g 8 ttn binh 3.8e, B. Duing dink hucing noi tee CCung Iy lutn nhur tren, ta v8 dupe cde dutmg Sah hung noi lye thea nn, Ong thie suy rar e&¢ cong thie 2.5), (2.6) va (2.7): dah My= dash. Me! ~(dach H) ye dah. Qe= (dash. Qe!) coscy ~(d.ahH)(sinay ~tgP cose): (3.4) dah = ~(daak. Op) sinay ~(da.h) (cosen + 1h sinay) 4, Buding anh hung mémen uén ta tit dig k ‘Tu eang thie 4): dak Me= dah. Mid (dah H) yy Nhu viy, 08 v8 dash. My trong h ba khdp (hinh 3.90) ta cdr ify dah [Mgf (hin 3.90) eda dém don gién wong img ti di dan. H a8 age ‘han ver hang lwgng yx. (Hn 3.8). ‘Thue hign phép tt bing cfch dat chéng hai dah, d6 len nhau, phn gach ‘gach tren hin 3.94 chin 1a ket qua cn tim. Dem e4e tng 69 két qua dat Ten ding chusin a 06 d.ach, Mg nbu ten hinh 3.9 (Cich tam nhu vay thuimg tn khé nhiéu thoi gian cho nen & day ta dat ‘vin dé tim mot edeh v8 thye hinh nhanh chéng. ‘Tu két qua vé tren hinh 3.9 ta 66 ode nh xét dupe ding dé lim co sé chhoefeh ve tye anh, 1) Pan ae cia da.h.My goi I dung indi tng voi tratmg hep P di dong, toén phn ben ti tgtdign k. Phin ee ela da.hiMe goi 8 dng phi ling voi trutmg hop Ive P ai dong tren phén ben phi tet dign k, tr k 112 (en khp C. Phin eb cia dahMe poi lt ducing. nding. voi di Pdi dng wen phan CB. ‘Ta thty: néu v8 duge dduing. phil thi sé fim duge toin bo dah My boi dung tet ae di qua fim a e6 tung 49 bing khong img bath g01 A va i qua ime nim wen ‘mg pha mg dust tiet dita ts, dung ‘i di qua didi b cb tung 49 bing khong tng dui gi B va dt aqua digm ¢ nim wen (uomg pal mg duct kop C: ‘Dutg phil duye xe dnh theo hai idm: idm ay vi tung 69 aay vA idm Khong d nim trén dung chun Diém a, tim duge d8 dang, chi ‘fn ph tim diém kong d 2) Diém khong d cia dvdmg phi 1a digm tng dui vi titi rong P=! s20 ‘cho mémen udn My = 0. N6 chinh 1 didm nim trén dung chusin tng ub giao dim D cia ding AA va dug BC. “Tate vay, ki P=/ dit tai diém D thi pin le B e6 phuomg BCD, con pin lye A €6 phuemg AD di qua tong tam cia tet dita k: Do 66, ki Pel dat tai diém D th momen wn tai tet dign k duge xée djnh theo phan ige A di qua knén e6 gid ti bing khong. Nau vay difm khong d nim tén dung chun cia dug phil Id dim tng dui giao diém D cba dung BC va dung AE. DS I diéu fn ching minh. Him 39 13Hai nan xét ttn cho phep ta suy ra cfch vé thie hin dung anh hung momen ua tal motel dignk nm & phn ben ti vom nhu su: 1) Xée dinh aim kndng 3 ole dung phat ia aim nm tén aang ‘cut ing du giao dim ebe duing BC v8 dung Ak 2) Dut gi rb A, dng doan aa, = 24. NEI ibm ay vei cibm kdng d 86 ‘duce dung phil oc (018 etm nd tr dng ph cng dud Het cin Kc con cl dd ndm én dud pha ong dud pC). 9 NB: a veo, age dang tr 14) Nic ve ci b ndm trén dung chun tng dud 9B, dupe eting nice ‘iting aby ke aecb a dah. Mohn tm coitnen “+ Tah 2.9 tay tam ide AON 68g dng wt am ite A tam gle BON ng angel tam ge BCL, atone: axtin va avLaw, tot dats Veta nog deh ho phueng nim nang g wa a a aig nrg i as sre Tove “TW.ong the nyt xc diem ev cia diém thong dng ith hin x2} rong’3.28.1 cing nghidn ding 66 va an. rong ba top “ Trutg hap tit lank 8 phn ming cing ben pl, nguyen te tng én cing ‘tuong Ki v8 ashi ng ob tn quan st he W pla sau a8 chun ttn véphinbén wa 2, Biting anh hung lye edt tal ut dig k Theo (3.4) dah. Qb= (dah. O¥) cose ~(d.ach) (sinay ~tgB cose) Nhu vay, 08 v8 dan. Qx trong né ba kop (hinh 3.108) ta edn nhan ‘da.h, Oy ela dé don glén tuéng tng voi coscx, (hin 3.106) r6 rh |da.hH d8 duce nhn veining lagng (sing = c08«) (inh 2.106). (Qué tinh thge ign duge trinh bay ten hinh 3.10, ‘Tu Hanh 3.10 ta thty dash. Qg g6m ba doan thing: doan ae & ben ti tiét ign k, doan ec & ben phii tet ditn k va dogn néi be, Dogn thing ec di ‘qua diém a, vi aay=coszr va qua diém khong d. Diém Khong d ehinh [a 14 a7orga dah. Mid —da.n.mamen vol it.en kong dm don gla tuo On: ‘p —Rhedng et tam men kn phuong ela ye Nn tm dah ‘chen a + nu ve de N sen edna vio ph ben qoy age chi Kn ng quash im mon . “Tw (R) aod na ra guy he v8 da hie doe tong dan cm nh ea: + Tha hin mit et qua bo than trang 6 06 then cn tm da. ve oe 1 0 cla ha than el lt men V9 dan ete mémen us Mi fl 88 bok Yong aim don gin tong tng tho phony php 8 + Xée dh pam witch ding ea cb ung al, ung pl v8 dng 8 cho pid hap vl coe my tv tng x0 chy ea cn. Tong pha v mt eft, dng og 8. «nhl ebe tung aca ante vi tia 8 1/9 cbc chon 8dr) 28 ge dah fn tn “Sauk he ngn mt ft ua ba han bong b than cn vé dah. be doe, ns ‘980 cm Kes hal than cbn 8x vt cg ty W cic iu ta (v(t bth Shy cng the Hen Ne gi a, ye ope rng dan v8 ah ye et ong em «on gn bong ong nh a aan 69) 1 tana, 5 a0n rong dan. O!— dan, ie cbt tl BA len c vt tang pha vid oft ren dung xe ‘py tong im on gn tuo on 17 = gbe ep ida han cf v8 ung rh ning Nv pong ea hal anh sng song. (chon d8v + nlc ven 68 ph bin mf ct hung ung pia du 0 (99) ac hd a quy tS vb dah cho ng hap ny nb sau: «Tage ibn mt qu ba than trong 8 tanh cn v8 dat v hal han song 00g 1 Yo. rong cm dom gin tng mgt ttn nb bong pam vi dt «+ Xde dah phn heh cng ca ce doan da, phi hop wv ca ma ct vi arg xe chay tri cn rong pam vim et, dg erg mB “Nh ce ung a9 a nN wa nce vA ta 66 = shy dope dah Nba tin (eh eng 68s 8 nda 8 128 Debden eck gcc ry 3 in ahi Wi he a ton 2. nguyen ecb ns ng mt wor al tor pp KS tna v8 da.nye doo org le rn cn in i Gh Toy ng tn non hug php nao cho phép iho Bae pong Wh Ba. tm aa hang Phang teh cia 3. Trang hep tng th pce tuo ih a.m hong He cn nd dng ra ppc sh poe ete mh 9 gS neg ibn quan Vey mtn 8 GaN ela dn Wn Rr 28a 2 ta bt a en theo at wong ch a: + vé tute dag lng phon ph ch Bt th, auc th mit ¢ 66 v8 dan Ng eo danngg svete dale biog mitt cuss heh da, kv sau 8 ng mB ct ua le harh ed el ov hg a6 v8 dah Mya 4. Tong hn, Kl gp ng dn pe tp dn rn Ne 2:17 (chug 2). 8 {nd da, Bingen: cho P= ttt tng xB eh ge von anh Chav dan, 2 mB ml ing mang d BEng gt ge dec tg Uv Pt 6 tn ce tung dv nha Brg mhang dogn tig (eo mayen {Heh bh thing Pyén i) at yd chon da cn. 3.6, Butng nh hudng trong hé dan ba khép “Tas tm hidu cfch vé dutng. ah hung trong h¢ din ba khép hay cbn gi a an vom ba khgp thong qua he din v8 tren hinh 3.18, Gif si edn ve dah, cic thinh phn phi Ige dah noi Igo trong ede thank [-2 ¥& 2-4 Kh ding xe chay ten A. Duting dink hating phn lee CCich vé dung inh hing cia ch thinh phn phn Iye trong din vom ba Kp ping hcéch vé dah pin le trong he ba Khop ACB. Tren inh 3.186 cho kt qua dash ava da hdl 2 B. Dutdng dink hucing n6i le trong ede thanh 4. Phuong php tich mAt: Cich thyc ign tuomg ty nhu da tinh bay trong 35BI. 2. Phuang phép mit eft don gln: Ta tim higu e&ch thy hitn thing qua inwong hep eke de inh hung 2 V8 N.tong din en nh 3.183. dng nk hang N.2. Taye hign mt ft quathanh /-2 vi hai han 1292.4, 3-4 lbp dw kign fm blng du6i dang tng momen ds vi diém “+ Khi Pe/ di ding & bea ti mat ct, khio sit can bing cia phn phil Myth = Nar Vella) ~H y= 0: saya dakNpa =! Well a)-H 9h @ {6 1 phuomg tinh ding irdi Kh P di ng & phn ben tri ma ft. ‘+ Khi Pa/ di dong ben phi mate, Khio sit ctn bg eda phn tri: Myr = Npar + Vida ye suyra dash. Ny2=-4 Vata -H yh ©) i puting tinh dng ph iP i ng & pha ben pi mgt ct “Tora bu thie wen ta V8 dage ah. nh 3.184) Kh Po dg ben ngodi db ft 130 + Khi Pd dong wn 46 elt 1-2, ding ng 96 theo nguyen he hg 6 he thong truyén Ic. a i “Dug sin hung No Ta cg dng mst ctv vie dda btn can bing dud dang inh chigy ung phim Y wubog g6e vi hl than ‘song song /-2 va 3-4. on * Ki Pod di dong & bin tt mato, Kho st sy can Bing eta phn Dies Naa. siny Ve cosa ~H sina 0; sym dah Nae Le Wel cost H sna © ‘*Khi Pa di dong & ben phi ma ct: Kho sétctn bing cig phn ti: DY" Naa. siny + Vel cosee—H sine = 0; 1 sing Wel cose ~H sina} @ ‘Ti hai bidu the tren, ta sé v8 duge daz (hinh 3.18) khi P dt ong ben ngoti dot bj ct. © KP dgng tte a6 eh 1-2, 4 Sing dating ns ee mene se bg e6 he thong truyén ye. ono ten: “wht qub vd. doe tong dan wi tak feo puoi php mat ct dom gin tay ching coi nt wen bog vt dah. momen uta ode da niyc ed tong he bah. Do 65 tn 6 ut ch v8 ahanh Gah. Wy doc rong din vor ba tp eo <4.ah oily tong i ba kh 68 bia kp ng dug phon pp mt ct don in, Lin ug xt hal wang hep su: “ Sou hi tig ign matt qua tanh clin tm ung a dng We de nu glo in ‘ca ha than conf Hg @ a v8 cng BY 2) v(t ob tyr cng the Ten he gta dane dc N tren dén von ta Kp vd ah. mdmen wn tong Nb be ep uong ung nb au: suya dash Noy cannes Laan uy, 10) 2 wong ab: ainda. momen vin lt dn kro vom ba Kn pe que A 8 wk ‘p= Hho cich tam momen dh phuong ela ye Nedn tim dan. (Chan ou + nu ys ye N dong te dng vo phn Ben rs quay aque cig Kn atng quan tim morn k. “Tu (4:10) ta ob hd ra quy te vB ah. We dc trong dan vo ba kop hu sau: + Thc in mt Bt qua ba than trang 858 tanh cnt da hy de, iy giao inn 298 seve ac ay the 8 org ace ta caedentt coe. chita dal tugng cin v8 d.a.h. va fh cing on chi dab ° oc esc op se ogo oa: ng bo gn tng oi 4 4 Ko Pl ng he py co eno a ugg cn v8 da.n: ip Wo 2 on 8 i ch ch ge omen War ai as ase mtn dan gin th a va v das cs anh muting theo quy tée a bist. iad oe B. Dal lugmg cin v€ dung dink hating thube hé chink hod chinh vita phu : - eee “ Buéng anh hung Mz: Ds luomg cin v8 da. thuge he chinh CDIK. % Khi Pal a ong trém he chinhthde Khdng chia dai luong dang set, El net ll ng hs ton ang sa ang xe, da. Ma trong nhing dosn my tng véi dung chudn ‘© Khi Pol di dong ttn he chink e6 chia dat lng dang xt oe 1a ue CDIK, tue chi gay ra phin le v8 noite tong he chinh CDIK, ese 1g ph ca n6 kg chia lye, Do 46 trong tra hop my c6 th tam th los ee he ph, he CIK than he be kop 30 ap va de dng v8 gay due dad. Mz duong 2nd ta hin 3.19) © Khi P=! di dong tren cdc he phy ci CDIK. Lite ny ti trong P sé ‘ay dah hung sung he chih gidog nb wong he c& hé thon tuyen tue. Trong phar vi mi ph, duémg inh hung Id mot doan thing di aqua tung 46 tng dati Khop n6i he ph voi he ehinh (duge xem nh srt tayén ie dt etm he chin) cd gid ti bng tung 49 dah sue be chinh va tung d9 bing khong dmg dui g6 ta ndi vi ti dt cba hi phu (dace xernnhu mt tryéa Ie 48 ten tri df) hote tung 9 bing khong ng du lien KE ihe ph Gi he ein Khée use xem nh mit ruyén lye dB én be chin Khe). © Khi Pal ai dong irén he ph BC: tong pham vi BC, dung dh ‘naéng I doan thing i qua tung d9 c mg dui Khdp ni C cia he ‘hu vibe chin va tung d@ Bing Khéng tng dud go tua Hn vi wii dt. + Khi Pal di dong trén he phu AB: wong pham vi AB, dug inh hung 1h dogn thing di qua tung 49 b ing dui kop noi B chia he ph AB v6 he BC vA tung dp bg Kg tng dud g6 ya G6 voi tri dt. +. Khi Pal di dong tren he phu DB: tong pham vi DE, dung inh ying 18 doan thing di qua ting d9 d tng dudi khdp n6i D chia he phy DE Wi he chin CDIK vi tng 49 bing khong tng du lien ket 135E ni ibe chink Ia EFL. Két qui véd.a..Mz ah teen in 3.19 4 Dung anh hung Qs vA Mg : Cie dai lugng cén ve dah. thuge he ‘chiah DIK. Cling thye hien efe bude tuong ty nh trong tut hep ack Ma ta duage Ket qui hu tren efehinh 3.19% 8. + buting anh hung phan Ive H: Dai lung cfn vé dah. thude he via ‘chin vin pl BC. © Khi Pe! di dong tren he chink ca AB 1a CDIK, trén hé chink Khe "ELF va he thong lien quan DE: Khong gAy ea phin Ie vi ni ie tong he c6 chia dai luomg dang xét, da.h H tong ahimng doan nly tring vi ding chun. “4 Khi Pal di dong trén he cb chita dot bagng dang xt, he Tata BC, Ie P chi gay ra phin Iye va noi Ive tong he BC, be phy AB cba né Khong ehiu Iye.’Do 46, trong trang hep my o6 thé tam th Logi bd he phy, he BC tr thanh he dfm dge Iap v2.48 ding vé ngay duce dah (ing be tren inh 3.198). 4 Khi Pel di dgng trén phy AB: tong pham vi AB, dutmg inh hung 1 doon ting di qua tung d9 b ting dui Khop n6i B cia he phy voi he chin va tung J6 Bing khong dng du6i gi tya G nbi voi tri dt Ket qui vé dah nhs én Binh 3.19 [Niu vay ta 06 thé dé ra quy te v8 dudng énh huting cia c&c dal lang {mugen chinh hoe thud hd vl chinh vow 8p a 5 + KhiP=4 a dng tbn cb cha del bng on va cabrg aah abn ct np cad doee minh cer gil 18 Bg BP HUB ID VOI Aion ny theo uy ae 8 i + Lin lag cho P=1 dong tron cl no ke pe via xt: “nis ti 18 nhdng he chin cia dang xa hose mét he chin ‘nde Riding én quan 1 dogn aubng dt using tua Ung tng vl ‘aaeng ch: + ni KS tip 18 nhnng phy ca dong xét th tong aham vine ‘phy &, ding énh huing tong tng 18 nang dogn tng KS tpt {ung a9 da.h cia ho chinh cng du bn kt D8 phy vai hg chinh vd 0! qua ahong afm od tung g0 bang Kong. Nong tung dO bing kong ndy tong 18 tung 40 tng du cc oy KS tp Song song vai phuang luc P huge he phy ala he dang x6t hog Ug cus Kho ‘989 d6u ten tht mt i chin Kha. 136 3.8. CAch xéc dinh céc dai lyong nghién ctu tuong img véi cae dang tai trong theo dung anh huéng “Trong 3.1 48 neu hai yeu cd efn thy hign ki tin cdg tinh v6i ti trong di dgng. Trong myc nly ta s€ nghien eau eh thye Rien yeu cfu thi ha, cin yeu edu thé nhat 38 duge 48 cp trong 3.10. DE trinh bay duce téog aut, t gid tht dutmg inh hung cia dai luge nghien edu S18 dung ong bat KY dupe mo ta bai phuong tinh y= f(2). (C6 bn dang ti tone thvimg ai, cha nghien eu: Ive tp trun, lee pin 16d, momen idp trang vd mamen phan bd. Dust day s€ én uot nhien cia céch sr dung dung inh hut. tinh inh hung cia cc dang ti trong, 46 di v6 dai luo 5. A. Lue tép trung Gil sir wen cong tinh © Ive tap tung Pr, Pa dng tai nhng vite Se dn hin 320) ‘Yeu cfu xe dinh anh hung cia e&e tii tong 6 46 wi dai tueng 5 66 dung anh hung d vE duo theo lve PJ, the dung cing phumg Ps]Pe1P) | [Po Oi ef le Pea teen. parg_| fh = ‘Theo dinh nghia dung anh & hung, nu én he chi e6 moe ie | br | Peal te dung thi ink hung cia ane ‘we ny na Wuang S Ding oN 9 y ota dah, Sta tit itn dst tue ‘Theo nguyen If cong the dung, né Ive 46 o6 gi ti P thi 98 gay Anh nung dn dai luomg S gh Pn vi dug bidu th Bing ich #6 P; yr bmg hong wi ef ue ten Lai-van dung nguyen If Ong Se dyng mot én nda ta o6 thé bi th inh Ihutng cba ft occ Tye i voi dai lug theo da th au: Pq cing phuong, he nn 3.20 $= Prt Payn ton Pry Pade® SP Ie | Gay 137Nin vay, git eda dp lugng S do cc Ite tip rung aay ra bang t6ng (9188 cae tich 36 gio gia tri ella ve tép tung val tung a9 dung nh hug tal cc oid dBt ye twang Ung. + Che ye Phang theo chy Pet ding a8 v0 da, duce xem 8 ang ung fring suing). 7 + Dace tung 6 too au eds rong dh tg S. B. Lue phan bo Gi sir cong tein chi Iye phan b6 e6 pluong khong d6i tée dung theo tug bt ky voi cut do qf (hinh 3.21), yeu efu xe dinh nh hung cia lye phtn Bb Gi v6i dai long $ e6 dung inh hung dX vE duce voi Ive te dung cing phuong vig. ‘Trade itn ta xét anh hung cia mgt phn ti trong ten chi da dds (pin gach chéo ttn hh 321, thé xem ph (6 ti trong my fhe Ive tap tung wi gi tI arsids oa gy ra ind una dS 86) Oi ds tagmg theo G12): a= gd, Anh tung téng cong ede tt ed ce phi 1 i tog Sx [es jasiods ony “Trwtng hop ti rong phan b6 déu (= consi), ta e6: 4 [rdemgoe, Gud) trong a6 ay Ih dign ich ela phin Gah. twomg tng véi dogn ti trong pihtn B6 du q "Nhu vay, gid tf cla dal lagng do luc phn b6 dBu géy ra bang tch ‘ta, cuting 00 18 trong q ve alin tch cba phn dutng énh hung ung ‘du dogn a trong, “+ Curing q ce xem 8 crmg nt tng phn bo tng theo chi Wo Pst ding aba dah S 138 ++ D6 ai ich yo ie rng da ang “Trvdng hap pin dung dn hung 8 phi dus trong gém ahi doan 6 dfa kde nhau tac hidu gla tng da 8 cia cdc dia ich €.Momen tap trung Gi si wen cong tfnh e6 te dung momen top tng M, yeu edu xée inh anh hung cia M Gi vi dai lugng S a bit dung Anh hung Chinn 322). ‘Thay thé fe dung eda momen tp tung. 1M 483i hodnh do z bing met ngiu ive ‘38m hai lye tp tring P 06 cin tay dn Ding Ar wi et i 0. Theo G12), 18 aoe ly mie iP gras) “ge dai lng. do inh hang ye) ye ny abu sau: lim, P yewes)~P ye). aah tie tm 3.22 M. fin, paraeineh My) i SoM tea, Gus) Nhu vty, dni hung eda momen tap trung dn da ung $ bang gid tt eda mamen tép tung nhén vei gtr d90 ham cde dung anh husng tai diém d8t momen hay nhén val tang cha g6e hap gita tp tuyén cia iting anh hing tal eiém dst momen voi phuang cde auéng chus, “Trudng hop ten Ket eta 06 ibu momen tap trang My, M3 oo Mio Me tée dung, theo nguyen ly e0ng tc dung to S= Mr tec + M2 gan + Mi tgca +. Mn ted, hay s=EM,192;. G16) 4+ cing nd a th ch mre 1 tid 322 a Seis em Men tangy kin 9. ++ tps non ng ng bn 139B. Momen phan bo Gia sircong tah chiv momen phn bs theo Tut bit ky vi eum 49 ms), fe ‘dung tren dogn e6 hot dp ea da b (inh 3.23), yeu céu xéc dinh anh hnaing cba Tye phin 66 46 véi dai |ugng,S e6 dung én hung S64 bit Trude tien ta xét anh hung cia mot phan (6 ti trong ren chiu dai dz C6 thé xem phn 16 tai trong my nw momen tip trung vi gi tr Uh mz). dz va gay lugng S theo (3.13) dS = mz) detga= mah’ An hing ng cng cin tt cc phn 6 ti tong fas Tautng hop momen phn be dé (m = cons) tae 699 — Ye en Sem fy'tideamy(el® twong 46 yp vd Min lugt 1a tang dp cia da. S ti Abu phi va dtu test 0 ae Omen s=9 Gnas ; ao (eal jot. sn 20 “+f Bigu hign eve dai - Goi zp Ja hoanh d9 e6 cue dai. Dieu kign xiy ra CG die tea mo rnb eg us tga "<0 “© Hinh 3.28a: Trude khi qua eye dai S*> 0, Sau khi qua cye dai S'< 0. ‘© Hinh 3.286: Trude Khi qua eye dai S*> 0. Sau khi qua eye dai S'= 0. + Hinh 3.28: Trude khi qua cye dg S'= 0. Sau khi qua cue iS" <0 Tom Ii Diéu kign oye Gai xdy ra tal ZnB dao ham: = 22) chor S30 sang aan (ize 29-40) Whiz 294 a) Bidu hien cyc tiéu - Cing I4p lugn tuomg ty, ta c6: Gu wn Bu dy 9 nu do me enuyénty SE0 sang S30 62% ec ee (itiz= zone) Wiz zoe de) Vi tii trong va dung inh hing o6 nhieu dang khge nhav nén khé e6 thé ‘dua ra hing quy the chung d€ xéc inh vi wi bat loi mot céch cy thé hon 0 voi nhimg didu neu & tren, Dui day tas thiet Lip mah vai quy the oy thé hom cho mot s6 dang ti trong va met s6 dang dah. thutmg gp. A. Duong dnh hucing e6 dang ducimg cong trom tru mot ddu Ki phuong winh during dn hug S ign tye va 630 Ht cba n6 ctng lien tye thi dash $ cong trom tru. Khi 46, him S = fi) biu thi sy bien thien eta dai luong S theo vit cia ti trong di dong sé lien tye, go ham ‘S'= f (2) efng lien tye, Bai ton tm vite bat lol ati trong 88 dua ve bai fos fim ewe te cia him S = ff). DSi véi abng ba tofn thdng ep ta edn thye hign ede bude sau: 1) Thi6t Ip bib thd gil teh cia S theo toa a9 chey zI8 hodnh o6 cia ‘mt tl trong ndo a6 a dong tron dung nh hung. 2) Ly da0 ham clip met vi x8c dnh cBc hoénh 40 zo tueng Ung vd kh! ‘90 hm nay Bang khéng. 3) Tim 690 ham cp hal cis S vd dy vio df cde S" Kh = 29 46 phén oan vb cut dei hay eve tb 1454) Tinh cc Sor (hay Sm) tung ing vel cBe Zo. So sénh céc Smax ‘iy Soon) 8 tim ra MAX Sex (DBY Min Syn. Wr tong Ung cia ti trong lv te Bt To nt onde: Do nga thc cel on tench hte 25 bm wor pha vi 6. goer anal xem kN = 2 Sh ce rg ing 8 Wt pt ‘noe 0b tn nd ong gham vd. nda hay Kron Nu cb ong nto 8 chy Tago dan. eu bid thd Sb dag 8 be th mt ng ph hap na. rong {Tube hop ny oc ip iu fe Strorg tng Vth nung ob omg oy Tangata vs sh ke tung 6 tong St ce toh hug ob xy 3 ‘ma tung 69m rh Ve du 3.5. Xie dinh vj 2 tin va gif tr AE tinh cho dai luong S ©6 ‘aaong ants ung cong tom ts ehju ti cong nh ttn inh 3.29. Phuong tinh dat. y= 2-55. Dida thde gai ich cba S Sau i My dno hm v cho ng Kong: 1522 +401, +140] a3 sh deo =143 (ei wong en See ea ‘rong pham vi dug, hing). Paper as 20 Dyohimefphai L$ x-520% 4 a’s | _ 50 koi z= 4m a 4 a3 finueeiasdmeem iii iaie yet IA moti te ihc Sah Seo 1aoy 1 2043-2, 143-2920)-= 9608 et tnt bg dn ha ye on vs on an Sarna 146 B. Duimg dnh hung da gide 06 mot dé ae inh ng nh ht sa ty ca dah dag npg 8 HE 1. Vi tt bat Ioi ciba doa tai tr Sin yn cannes et ae oe re mea srt seit eet aman hls ‘Ger. Dudi tée dung cia céc tdi trong P, ta c6 thé inn lugmg S theo cong thie (3.19): : Fe s= Em i nh tren hin 3.30, Cée canh trong 46: Ry hp Ige cia e&e lye Patten doan th i 1 ~tung do dung anh hung tal vt tong dng v6 hp Ive i * Re 1R) Rm La I e hg ee Hon 3.30 inn 334 Ne hi ho ot re seh chy sng Ken pi cage bn "i ing a 8 hig et a tex hh 331), dogs lag Seng Bo nm tng ng a= Sayre a Ee siya B-Sa te. 2% Nh ci itn dy wo . Teo ATT dle did, VI ede hing Khong hy 0 gi cing nh a deca “1din ti rong nn bid thie (3:2) cic th thay 8 Ki he Hop Ie R hay 46. Dida kien cho che hap luo, thay 46% Ki do ti trgng jc chuyén 1 6 tha 6 mt uc P no d6 chuyén dBi tr oan thingy sang oan thing Khe We di qua mot nh nod cha ah, DSi ida edn ching minh “in chit ten ehh ide Ren cd, chu phi a duh di, ng a Kei me ti trong P no d6 4 nh cin dnb. th cha ee ve cho ere ti Ks higu ye dat 8 inh bg hung ocho d dz dP 2. Nb trong P qua me din 15 a dong dn tog th el gg Sc thd cot ta ci coon gun nh Kr WS 6 8 ga nye ao cet ae DE ching ih tah cht ny poy tw dH gee P*& mot dink mo o6 ci dah. git tht mang fu dung (hinh 3.32) va née dinh gia eda do eis Im fds Ki 6 ga > 0 hoe te 1 Rh P i chuyén ben tu sang bén phi dink dang vonn 3.32 xe Ni iG iw in > 0, ni 6 gia US de) <0 him S ee Asi cdn A(45 Ids) > Oth him S eye ti, Trong tung hop my, tas win dng cing thie (3.24) A ih dal) ng thi hh lng ge P*, hong cho thar ga a0 eae bop lv Ki ich ehuyén dot i tong vf ben phi mot doan As 1066 IR 1 Re i Ba Sa 120, + Paap Khi dich chuyén dota ti trong vé ben ti mgt dogn Ae ta eb a Vici e6 lye PY dst inh nén trong hai Ifa dich chuyén ede hop lye Ry khong thay d6i, Do d6 56 gia Mas SoS, 1e0; + Pr igen. i AAS le) = Pgh = tgcur) = P* Avge, ‘TU Minh 3.32 ta d8 dang nhén thy ring: néu d.a.h. mang ds duong va inh 16 ager < 0 (app < tga vé ti 86 dai 56) con Ki din lm 1 Aiger> 0 (gah > tga V8 ti 86 dei 50). Vay Kil P* di 6 dint Wi: VAS ldsjaP* gar < 0; $06 git cue di (Cdn ki P* 64 & dh Lim: Ad se P* aga >0; S 6 pd eve td, 6 I digu fn ching minh, Kho st dug inh uring mang ds rm acing due Ke qui wong ty. ‘Tom Ini: Vt bafta dotn I tong a dng tn ding inning 2 ide mot du co thé xay ra khi mot trong 36 cae ta rong Go 8t(o! moe an 11 nd0 46 eke autng deh hung, a vio ahng nh xéi ttn, te 66 th tim vi tf bat Ici VA Sink ing Phuong php thin ah sau 1 Phot hig t6tc8 cc vt cho Sman nu da. 1 dung hoki Smip ny G.a.h. fm. Tinh c8¢ Smax hoc Sin. Mun vy, ln lag 66 ah tt {rong vio ting dh 1 ca autng és huting. MBI iin a8t hu vy ta hai thy hin eae bude seu: “+ £f9 debe ti trong ech sang tl mgt dogn de. Th JS theo ‘* Cho doin ti trang eich sang phi mbt doan de. Tinh did theo fon 19 PRE: mgt doan dz. Tinh aS the “+ So sinh céc oi ty 6S ft trong hel fn tinh, + Nu nang gi nity tha mn ce si Wn (9.22) oe (2:29) ws ‘ulti ny cho ta MEL Soy HOGE Sin TiN Smug age Sone + Nu khnGng thé man thi cn dich chuyén dean tl tong tv tt ‘nde 68 sa0 cho co mét 18 trong nao d6 dt & dinh ii eta dah ya theo chiéu hung bi thén cla oS fz ta thy. mutn dat duge ‘ue da, nén dich chuyén sang bin phi néu dS/dz trong ed hal tinh la duang, cdn sang bén trl nu dS/de trong ed hal ln tinh [3 {m. Muéin date tu th lam nguge ll ‘VE nguyén tée, néu of p luc va @ dinh 1th edn thychign e&e bute tinh nu trén pig én ty nhién ta én nhgn xét tr $8 cla cde tal trong vA hinh dang ela dah. a6 loai tu bet ning tring hop v6 ih Thutsig nén B6 tt cdc ti trong fan tran phén dah. cb tung ob fon v8 ng nhieu ti trong nfm trong pham vida, eng 6 1492. So sth cc Sar (086 Be Sm) vt naw A tn gd Uf ma Sax ‘ob min Sin). 9618 Si cn Un onsite Teg vo cb wot {Tuog hep no ong tp tg on org pn BS igre densa dr tanta te You ab ha i ro og ng ob arg 4 ote cn eee ching BD cb et ar rg hm 26 ttteg wet vn ting ple Gah dng tobe am OBS ire hn dah dg {So de marSon cone b6 rnp ah am eG: mS TrAng MD {vor ing lt a, RX Bs nf cb pn tg nto ni eon {Ean ch cul eb can sa pl 6a chang TA en i hang titer ay seam geal ug gin cu gama. shu YE dy 3.6. Ten gi tr 8 in cba dai lgmg S 6 ding An hang {fb hn 3.336, S006 ei tong di dong cho wen inh 3.338. im, im_,,2m 2m 425m ,2.5m ,_ 4 2m oO) | am | 26m 2.5m, 4m PPP inn 338 ‘Trade tien ta tinh rang ede g6e nghieng tga = 314; tgen = (4-8) 150 ‘+ Tinh tht lin tht nhdtc Choa wi wong P; thd hai lim Wye P* Att ti inh €6 tung do bing 3. Ti tong nly duge dénh du x nu tén hin 3.3% * Cho doin ai trong djch chuyén vé ben ti moe dogn de, 45 Ide = (100% 100)314 + 100{I/4) + 3.60(~112) = 175-80 > 0. + Cho doin ti trong dich chuyén vé ben phil mot dogn de, tinh 45 Ide = 10O{3I4) + (100%+100)114 + 3.60(-112) = 125-80 > 0. ‘Ta thy cdc dia kita (3.22) khong thda min, te I vj tt ny khong ‘cho eve dai. Vi trong cha ln dich chuyén dS ide du ducmg nents ‘chuyén dd dodn ti trong vé phia ben ph + Tink thi lin thit hai: Khichuyén don ti trong vé ben phii, Ive dtu tien php dinh dah. 1 luc P thir ba, do ta chon lye my Ta luc Pv (64 ta inh 6 tung do bing 4 (hinn 3.338) ‘Cho dotn ti trong dich chuydn vé ben ti mot doen de, tinh 4S fds = 100.314 + (100% 100). 114+ 3,60 (-I12) » 125-80 > 0, ‘* Cho doin ti trong dh chuyén vé ben phd moe doan dz, ih S Ide = 100.314 + 100.114% (100460460 =112) = 100-110 <0 Diu kign (3.22) théa mn, Vj my cho ta met eye dei. Tinh Sa Spy, =100.3(314}+1001341,5.014)]+ 100.4% 604.112) 7 + 60.2.(12)= 11425. (Cha et lutn dug gid tr 1742,5 Wl rd tinh sa bal Un thi, Vi 16 thé t6n 8 Sar hic ln hon, Do d6 edn ip tue ph hign thé ec vii khée, ‘ Tink thi lin thi ba: Chon ti wong P; th nh Hr Ize P* va dt ti ‘in e6 tung 49 bing 3 (hinh 3:33), * Cho doin ti trong dich chuyén vé ben tei mot dogn d, tinh Side = 100.314 + 100.114 + (100+60460X ~112) = 100-110 <0. ‘+ Cho doa ti trong djch chuyén vé ben phi mot doan de, tinh dz = (100+ 100).14% (10046060) -1/2) = $0110 < 0. ‘Ta thy vj tr nly khong cho Spor Soa 131‘Ve nguyen the, trong tratmg hp ny c6 6 Iye vi 2 dink I6i nt ph htt 12 lin, Nhimg e6 thé dya vio hing aga xét sau dé logit bot, nhimg thi khong fn tit: “© Néa tp tue dich chuyén doan ti trong vé ben piv tr ren inh "3.334 this 08 mot 36 tl trong vat a khdi pam vi dug én hung, Fion nda sau sn thi hi ba ta tay trong cial dn dich chuyén Side dea tm, didu db c6 neha 1b nu. dich chuyén sang bén phi mo chit th eng kong o6 eye tr md edn deh chuyén vé bén ti “© Néu tip tue dich chuyén doda tai rng vé ben ti vi tr tren Ninh '3.33e ths €8 mot ti trong Py wuet ra ngodi da... e&e ti trong Lon hong dat vio pham vi datmg inh hung e6 tung d0 Ién, do 46 anh hating $2 gli xucing. ‘Bai vy sau ba i thirta 6 thé ket udm age Ia i rj maxSian = 1142.5 ‘vv te bat Lf nh ren inh 3.336. C. Budng dink facing tam gide “Trong thye t€ ta thwtng gip daa. 6 dang hin tam gie (vi dy dung 4h hueng cba momen un trong dm don giin hay ci noi lve trong mot 36 than din). BOL viy vige nghien eu vj tr bat lot cia doin ti tag fuong tng vei dah. tam gike d& a8 ra cc tieu cht dm gin va cy thé 1 66 § nga the tia, Gil siren dah. tam gide 6 doda ti trong di chuyén nbu tren hinh 3.34 [Nur trén ni, v tr bat Toi cia doin ti tong chi xay ra kh e6 mot Ive tap trang nao dé dat & mot din 16 Goi Ive tap trung d4t 6 dinh tam gide Tbe PY ky hieu hop igee&e lye dat 6 ben trai lye PY Ry con hop Ive cea céc hve dB & ben pha Iye PP 1A Ry [Lin tt cho doin ti trong. dich chuyen vf bén tri vi ben phi méi doan bing dz. edn et v80 didu kien oye dai (3.22) ta c6 thé tht lap digu kien sy fav BE Tg eda dod thi trong trong tng hop ny nh eau: (Rpt Priegars Reatgan 20 vA Relgar(RywtP*) teen = 0. Nhung igar = cla: tga =—elb , neo: Pt? xi chu dota gng ve bn ets Ae=P° 3 Ft, exasw < Ry tPt 1 Ki chuyén dot tong vt bin phat Ae = eT" Gs) 132 Diu kien (425) id kit cl dng gi ch 8 ny av bate cda dot tong ot en dam ie ee (dtm tga dat trong me fh don tho wen i 324A igen arene” Ba ne 8 Tol mB bn hg v8 che vito Est Be We Pr, Poon, Pe hoot? 1 1 B abn A tn me dong thing Bat Ky srg Tg ve ing hun. Gol € 18 idm mot cla vito cul cong. NB AE v8 1D ho aueng thdng song song vel AE dt BE tl FBidm F rm Wen vite Sy rd he ae eb 8d fam giro ion 3.24 Thats gua itn eb dom bj chin ceding on sone FEB ab Neu thay Fe

kkhde nhau va chiéu dal chung nhé hon chiéu dal cia duéng anh ‘hung (hinh 3.37) cng lf neg sh we 8 ds . Nene oda rT ye} fins wast Dos Sant Lat [Nhu vay, trong truing bgp my, 6 ol ede tt trong xy ra Kh Sng ‘fe tch 86 gita cubng a9 ti trong vai tung 06 at dint huting tai ‘4c dbu tei eda ting dogn trong twang ing bang t6ng céc ich 36 ‘ia cubng 06 ti trong vei tung do auting anh huting tei cae déu ‘phi eda ting doen ti trong twang ung. 3.11. Khai niém vé tai trong tueng dung hi thitt KE ket ety chju di trong di dong, thug phii lap tai niu in vie tim vj tf bat loi cha mgt doa ti trgng tiew chuin no d6 tren mot 6 {dang ddng ach hutng 06 hind dang ging nhau ma chi khée vé d9 lon. Do 155146, diet Kien tht gian vse lao dong ta 66 thé dat van d8 1 im mot ‘dang ti trong dom gin nto 46 thay thé cho dada ti rong teu chun phi tinh dé sao cho tli tong ny gay anh hug len ahat én da tuong S bing ‘ink hung 1én nht do doan thi tong teu chun phi tinh gay ra. Ngubk te 43 thye hign duge didu 46 va sir dung dang ti trong phin bs déu d8 thay {the gol ed rong tuomg dong. Nit vay, 87 trong tung dong 36 vel met autng nh huting S nao a ib tl trong phn 6 déu tren toén chidu di cia auting énh hung vd ceuting 0 aug 06 530 cho tr 56 a8 tinh cde dpi lung S 18 Sim (maxSmax hay minSyq) do nb gBy r3 bing U7 68 Sunn dot trong age thay 6 gay ra Kh 46 theo (3.27) 6 Sit = a G28) vi @Ih dita tich eda dah. Shin TH 46 suy ra = 8 G29) Cong the ny dupe ding 4éxéc dinh cubmg 66 ctia ti trong tuong dung. Dé xée dinh Sys do ti trong duge thay the gy ra a van dung cfe quy the tinh bly & myc 3.10. ‘Thosing nhin.qua, ta thty cOng vige nly e6 vé luén qui vi efn 06 gu d8 xe dinh Sra ma gy la xfe dink theo Syat. Thy a Khdng phi hod ton nhu vy. Tre ki gid dp digu 6 ta cinching minh tinh chat sau: Téi trong twang dang cht phy thude chiéu dBi, hinh dong eda autng don turing ma kreng phy thus do ton ci ebe tuna a ang nh 2. a ‘That day, gid sirten dah $ €6 dang tam gide (Hinh 3.38a) ta d8 tm dage vi tt bit of cia doan tdi omg ‘vb xée dinh duge git dé tinh eda dai luong Sk trong SFE »/ Sit ‘dung bing: coon, inn 3:38 Bay gid tm xét dah S*(hinh 3.386) 66 cing chida di vA nh dang. 6i dia Sung 6 idm eba ede tung, 49 tng len 1, Lie my vu ba ti ‘i dab ti trong khong thay 86 vi tang eh adc nghieng cia da. rong, bal trang hop thay 461 tle vi nhau nen digukien xay ra ce tr khong {i Da lags Sin va dn teh ovcda dah 98 tng len Fl vi fe tang 49 tang ln kid, Tac: aheee Stas = Ait Stat ii chi vl tg hop ren ta thy gf tat DT i fn ching min, Nu vay ng vi mb ogi hi trong tiewchudo, wi mBihinh dang va chia {icin dutng dn hung Khde aba ta chica xe dinh Sua V2 uy tur trong mt ln di tin, sau 6 6 thé ding gi te us my 6 tinh Syn theo (6.28) cho cde dah. Khde 66 cing chidu dBi va inh dang. “rong cfc "SS tay thiét ke" ngubi ts tit ap sin cfc bing ti trong {ugg dong cho nhigu dont rong di dng vA ce dang da, khde nha tung tng Wi ng chu di eta da Xi ding i trom tems dmg 4 i Set fn: ‘+ Cin of vio ti trong vb dang da. dang x4, tim bing ong tuone dng ‘Cin evo chidu di ca dah, dang xm gid tre gu «Sir dyng cong the (3.28) dé xécdinh Ste 3.42, Khai nigm vé biéu dé bao ndi lyc (Che cong tinh trong thye t€ thug chu téc dyng déng thot ce tii trong ‘bgt dong vd ti trong di dng. Do 46, khi tinh toén nhmg cong wink ndy ta fn phi xfe dinh duge gi te bt Iofnhat ed noi Ive cho ting tet din 46i 16i td trong di dong df cho ket hop vi noi luc do tai trong bat dong ety ra. Bé thye hin yeu fu dé ta van dung kh nigm vé bigu 46 bao ni yc. Bib a6 ba0 nei tue la biéu 48 ma mBl tung a cia nd bib tig tr det 186 abe nol ive en nha hod nt nhs co thé xBy rate bt dfn tuong ‘ng do td trong bat cong va ti trong a dong gay ra, “Ta sé tim higu cfch vé iu 46 bao noi Iye thong qua mot vf dy ey thé bidu 46 bao mémen uén trong dm dom gidn cé mot du thm (hinh 3.38a) chiu ti trong di ong e6 dang hai Ive tap trung va tii trong bat dng phn 16 du, Tat nbien, Sch v8 eG c6 thé dp dung cho moi traéng hap kh. 187158 e 15] 125 4.25 10 lao Cra) ry oY aahM, 1) Ve auting anh ting n6i Ive tai met 86 ts ag cht ann trén dm, ‘Trong truéng hop he ten hinh 3.39a, ede tet dign 46 Ia 0, 1, 2. 3 4,5 ‘8 6, Tit nhién, cing thye hign vi nhigu tet dign thi bigu d6 bao tim ge cng sit v6i ket qui chinh xe nhung kisi lugmg tinh tose a2 ting ten theo, Trén hinh 3.38c,d,, f,g It e$e dung dn huring momen uch tai tet den ,2,3,4,5. 2) Xée dinh nol uc do ti trong bat dong gay ra bing céch vE bidu d6 noi |e hoc bing cich si dyng cfc duimg ink hung nh 48 tinh bay tone ‘uc 3.8, Ket qua tinh ghi ten Kink 3.395 va tren et 2 cba bing 3.1 9) Xée anh cc git a tinh max hoge min eda nd luc cho ting tt cin Tuomg ing voi méi ut dign ta cin vin dung phuzng php df rink by trong myc 3.10 8 xéc din vj bat Ii alt cat trong di done, tcp 146 sy ra gid tr tinh, ‘Vid v6i tet diem 1 (hinh 3.396): * Vi tbat loi cb ti trong di dong ten dash. My twang img véi da . t,o “Trong ba ton phing,n6i chung chuyén vi ca tit din bao gém ba think phe: chuyén vi thing theo phuong x: Ar-=a°4 x; chuyén v thing theo phuong ye dy = yy chuyén vi gée: dasa. Ky higu chung cho cde chuyéi v]thbng cong nhu chuyén vi ge bing 4.66 ‘mang theo hai chi 36: chi s6 thi nhat chi vt phursng cle chuyéh vi con ‘26 thi he chi nquyénnhén gy ra chuyé vi. un chuyén vj tuomg tg vi vi tet va phuemg kdo nguyen nin gy Kh nguyen nhan gy rachuyén vi bdng dom v thi ky higu Bing & va goi chuyeh vi dom vis nga in ~chuyén vi tuomg ting vi vi tr va phuong k do nguyén nhin bing dom vi gy ra 4.2. Thé niing cila h@ thanh dan héi tuyén tinh Nguyen ly bdo toan nang tugs CCich tinh chuyén vi theo thé nang dya tr co sp dung nguyen ty bio tin ning layne cho mat he din h6i 6 lap. Trong muc nly ta sé 6n la hing Khai nigm ef thie lin quan dén Vin 48 dang nghign eu. ‘DE tinh bay duge cu thé taki sft mee thank chiv ‘Keo ding tim. Khi kéothanh ba mot Ive ting lent tt bing céch them dn cfc thi tong vo cing bé dP Chin 44, mdi tin them ti trong ta thy than bj «din dai thém vb dim dat Ie hatha xu6ing mot chit te [a thé ning ia ngoai lye giim xu6ng dng the thé ng big dang ci than tang ln. Nhu vay, the ning di, chuyén bién tir dang ndy qua dang Khéc: phi thé nang tde dung vdo thank hodn toan big ‘anh rhéndng bin dang cia thank ber Hinh 46 16ssan tag my cng xy raw et ch fe log bin dang Khe cin be per soled tn tem be din hn amet m0 rang 06 he bint ing tag my sng dn Ke. Tat nien a ttn thd ning dh gH ngoi Ie he dng cts ting oto Ig, Hon nda, v tong te dung th nn dong nang hogs ich ads Ngo at etingc6 thf 3 gua hn nang luo do Here oe cam net ny ra Kom theo Ben dang tah ea vt thé fotvt pn ng ong ny hb, Nhe yt 6th pt id Ton bth nang a mg09 ve Ur bi thn 6 nn bin der U ten ly vong no din Wns bib dang Khang ph vO cB bln ie he Up=U. a ‘Niue di bith ming luomg duge do blog cOng sinh ra trong vat thé dan h6 Do ds the ndng Up dune do bing c6ng T cia c4c ngosi Ive sinh rate rng ehuyén vj cba c&e diém dat uc. Cong T duong vi chuyéa vi cing] chidu voi ngoai ly. ThE nang bia dang U tch ly trong he ddn hoi do bing cOng A* cia cfc ngi lye sinh ra tren nhing bign dang én hi ci} bbe. Cong A* Am vi ngi tye 66 khuynh hung ngan cin bign dang cba he: Nhu vay: Ta-At hay T+At ed. a2 Tw 64.1) vAG2) uy Tv a3) [Nhu vay: V8 tf 6; th8 nang bién dong tch ly trong hp dn héi bén| ‘ong T eva cdc ngoe! ie gly a bién dong hay bang cong A* ce] ‘che nd ue sinh ra tran nhing bién dgng dén M6i nhung tei du. ‘Ta s si yng cng thie (4.3) 48 thiet Ip bidu thie cba thé nang. Muse] vy trade tien clin xe dinh eng cha ngoai lye va cong cia ngi Ive trong] be din Hi. B. Cong ctta ngoat hae Ninw di bidt: cone dupe do bang tich sO git luc thc dung v6 wri chuyen vj cia diém dét hue theo pag cia luc. Phat iu nb vay cl ‘4 tr trong qué trinh diém d3tIye chuyés “Trong trmg hop dang xét, ti trong P tée dung Gnh vA vit igu tuyet 66 166 dan hina one gu teinhchayén vi ca i rong Khong gid nguyen tad matica en sing vo hajen eon tee tee Do , ctng cia Ie 8 khtng bag eh 56 git ti s6eush cong 4x P cin lye 96 te 8 cut cing cia chuyé vi tun dng, i 8 hon ih a8 ds. Te Goi XB gid tri cia lye bin thien W828 gid wi chuyé vj tong dng @ (hinh 4.5). Khi chuyén vi thay di at ‘mot lug v9 cong Bt cong cba ye Xbdng eh 6 Hon 4s aT = Xdh. Néa chip nha gi thie: ga chuyen vj vd mgoai Ine 6's lien he yen tinh th 48 th teen Ninh 4.5 1a dong thd. Ta ely Cong phan to ta dign tich ci phn gach chéo wen hinh 4.5, Do 46 cong téng c6ng khi Ive [X<’at ti gis ui P Va chuyén vj 2 da 16 gid ur AE bing dign tie eda tam side OAB, tie L fpa oy ‘Trong tring hop 6 ahiga ye Pp, Pa mv Pi EW 80H At, 32 yo dy Thee chuyén vi tong tng theo phuong cia c4e 1ye Py, P2 on Py dot ci cic gc 46 gay rath: reidng as [Nhu viy: Trong he dn hi tuyéin th, cOng cia cde goal Ie tip tng ‘ng thai cing tag dung fnh duge xbc dinh bing nde tng céc teh £86 cla gid tr cu6i cing aba mi ngoal ye vel gla tr cub cing cia ‘chuy6n vj tng cong tong Ung. D6 I dinh If do Clapeyron (1799-1864) 4¢ xust vio nam 1852. (Cin hida gi tri cust cing cia chuyén vj téng cong twong tg 1h. git ‘chuyén vi i theo phuong Iye P; dott cede lye o6 gid tr cusi cing gy Vi dy, tim cong cia efe Iye Pr, Pz, momen M the dung tren dim ve & hninh 4.6. Goi 4; , 42, @ 1 gid tr] uti cng cba chuyéa vj theo phuong 167Py, Ps. M do tht ch fe lye vi momen 46 pty ra ta 6: red cat Po Me oni then: 1. Cong t6ng cong KhGng phy thude thurtytac dung cba ede ngoe! iv ‘Toit vy, al hha ye ko Py v8 Pe ue eng ng 8 nh 4.7), Cong edo hae ds 1 Z Te Lope aut a= vay pe P FEL PEL BL 2A 2EA" 264" EA Bay gs cho Fr te 6g te (om 470, sotmeloneabi: T= Saute 9 es cg nd nc Pe i eh 76 {adden org Pty « 2 ay +P EA 1 : Al Prat wt a A stuerremetne ned pat + tePysmcrg T= Pian pa cP ng ay nga ean dg \ayetng tng cg cic a 8 Pt Bt Pal 726A" 2EA* EA rerjet hed pated prateey rerere ried pated aera Tamy =7, NEL oe Pte ng We Pe dg suta cng ape tg ty fh cg cng kr ry tee ge ee ye. 2. Céng ola ago ve tan nhing chuytn vi din hb! Khéng tun theo ng 1 coo te dung Nga cng 6a tb bg he ng gy tng tg ng og tng e rg git 9 163 “That vy, uy vi 98 be ht tue Pn 1 (45) 8 Ey cong TH} ee av goa i. Diu Kn 26 cho mot dai ug ttn theo nguyen cng te dg It Tg 0 pit tytn eB wong. Ta thc T bong he mn ei Ken nay. D618 6 cbs ir. C.Céng exia n6t lwe - Thé nang ciia he thank Dé tinh cong a nd ye trong ton he, tude ten taht tnh cong cba ng Ie tong mt phan ts than cha be goi hcg phan 13 “Tach thd he (Binh 48a) met phn 6 thank dai ds v8 toh cong pan w6 aA? TTT cis che noi lye tong phtn 16 than. Kitch phin «6 han, ta ein thay th the dung ca ofc phén bi foi BO bing ef eM, N,Q dat tit ign ben tri; ofe lye MedM; NedN: (040 sae g i dien ben phil va cfc Ie the dung tr phn 6 than (tinh 48h), New xt ton bo than th ede Je miy 18 ni ue, hung sau hi téch hint than th ef Ive d8 think goat Ive 616i pan w than. Nr ways tae thé si dung cong this (43) Af nde dinh cong phn 16 cba che ngoai Ivete dung tén plant thant, sau d6 suy r4 cOng phn 16 dA* cia fe ii Ive tong phn w than, theo 43), 1006 @ ante ar “6 “Trude ito cg dt cnn: 4 Chidu ai de ci phan w than thd nt 4 bith hin cb fe ge dM, dN, dQ va tai trong q ds cling rét nho do 46 6 thé bd qua hi tinh tng a. Néw Kvng bb qos th hg dai tame 6 cho hong 60 Bien thin ci cong vol hing v0 cng. Be ha sv em tong pam vi nghitn ci cha Ca oe ket ef, a ei net ning v6 edn be bac mo. Bo vty, of don gin in tnt thé BS qua cd da me oc BES ngay ti du hay the pnt than nba 4b ag 169‘phan ethan én inh 4.8, + Céc lye M, N,Q sinh cong ttn nhing big dang twong tng d0e Itp "vi nha (xem Kin 4.9a, b, €) nen is €6 thé tinh riéng 1€ r6i cong cS kei qui. Tacs: a= diy + dty+ ao » detede ay RY ds nn 49 Tink cong dTw cia mémen wén M (inh 4:98). ‘Theo cing thie (45), 18.06: 5 Mids. sy =H{ 88st) trong d6 y de Id g6e hop gids hai tit dita eta phin 16 thanh Ki chiu momen usa M. 'Néa goi p18 bin kiah cong eis phn 1 thanh bj cin th tr inh (4.98), tathiy: 1 1 vd ¥ ® Mat khic, Ki nhien ct bl ton win than ty oh ef thank thing trong Se bn ig a be: 1M Pp El vis = madun inh i ko ote nén ca vA is 1 =mvmen qua inh chin rng tim ca tiga than, M auge: yo 1 Las bay oy © So sin (a) vi (), 170 vay aye an “# Tinh cong dy cia Ine doe N (hinh 4.96). Theo cong thie (4.5) ong i lina as oi ‘eo dha Hine ante ne: ede Md, vii ea tn ah Neds cs ‘Tih cng da cia 0 48 Dt dng tn ye i ef i gn ns a mt. toys po Q yt tng chic cn et den nen g6e trust (xem SBVL) eng phn b6 khong déu theo chigu eno, do 6 ta ding gi tr trang bin i. vey ay 48) treo 4 Ato ={( Ore E+ Ore Z)=5Ore te Dé xée din 7st 6p dung dinh lpt Hooke khi bien dang tru: = a1 2 GG'A wong 46: G —modun din h6i Ki rag; ‘=e 36 didu chinh,ké 16 sy phtn bS khong déu cba ng su Uiep. He 36 nly chi phy thuge hinh dang cia it ditn = vids, (4.9) vay atq= ve 49 ‘DE ap cing thos xd anh he 96 vain th cong doce ang su tip gy aX ‘mot phn 1S cn eh dA song song vat Kye trang hoax cba i ln inh 4.10) “Tham ph ca ung su 6p theo prurng song song vo én phn cin teh nay ing hau v8 aug x din ho cng the Japs ®. imtrong ee bf g ca cna Wen xe i ng sult ‘Se-mbmen th ea sho tt in ben dl hoe Ben rn dong by 66 vk We vores . " uth enh rs ha neh ng ing cn pron orn ade es nt a bet dy 1/6 090. cng ca. i ‘suit Up tc dung tren din tich dA 36 dA ga a we Ey Atraddy S| =Lr.0atas. Feat tt] toon f an cag oa te ong sit 6p Wen nen 88 in tte phen 6 ans So stv.) ta duce: 419) Vert tn cha mht Valet gn ven + Voit ian in Sng ing + Vaintsén cho ‘Cong efe Ket qué trong efe cong thie (4.7), (4.8) va (49) ta dupe cong ‘éng cong, d6i voi phan 6 thanh thing: _ MPds | Wids | ds 2Et * 26a *” 2GA (7 gi i ee og 8 ep song rg OQ pg cg ae (4.10) Sy ‘et new #1079 0.1. Tne race ng sul Rag ang srg vl nk ‘hn pin ar sal 8 wg gt vey elta 98 ug 9 ah bg 2/27 rs m Mids Wds , Pas ver * 26a" 26k" Cong pn 6 ea noi We: arn are (eS) tf eb cong tng cong ca trong ton Ma ln yeh pht cb aoe eta tng hark wong ht. Nl cane ce hm 98 es teats tang Wong en te dtc ch pan A geek hs a 0) au eh pan I ene cone tego ee ane [aa [zs Wa 5. NM MAE]. ay Seu ki xe ih cng AP th in age ng the cho th nt dn arin ttesh uth eee nie cng the (43) ac Mas (ds, 1, Ode Us le ibe xh GA 12) ond te 4) Te ong tc 12) ay ning Ua ut dmg ce Cl Wong ti tet phtnanluen dong 2 chet gp atu tin cen my gata lecin a ching. K pdr, tony ten sa wen tng doen trong ob cS ham dts opin ian, sub cog Bt ub ao 96 dan sidy teh phn. 43) fu ta (4.12 ci Bp ding dng cho tab ho hab aang ant bg hoe ta bmn hart cong wl cag hb Than ong due it cong nh join /r st; tang db 8 cis cao Bin, ri bn Ken cong bf mt ba ye thr 3 eng na an 6, Tug hop tanh cargo Nr > 175; am 13, 4,3. Cach xéc dinh chuyén vi theo thé nang ‘A. Click dp dung true tip biéu thit thé nang “Ta e6 thé dp dung efch xée din ny Khi ten be chi 6 mat lye tée dung, {a chief fm chuyén vj e6 vi tr vA phuong tuong dng vi uc d. GGid sir ten he chi e6 mot Ive P te dung va cén xéc dinh chuyén vi 4 €6 vt vA phuomg tuong dag v6i Tye P. Tir (43) v8 (4.5) ta 06 131 -w retract. syn an i esc 46 (4.12) 6 nxn then cng ti au w_ 2] MPds Nas Qds (4.13) a0 pe FE Foe 2 laen *E ca de 4 te di ving in ‘dém cho tren hinh 4.11. Bd qua inh ce hhuing eb Ie doe vue eft (us day tw 3 thay ahing dnh hung nly rt hd $0 z ‘961 Anh hung cia momen un. 7 ‘Trong truéng hop my 8.06: Meds pe inh 414 2 L¢Pryde 4-52 log pl a 5 ry than Ob neu & we, tm 66 hE 6p dg di IY B. Céch xde dinh chuyén vi theo dink If Castigliano Ta s& ching minh dinh Ij Castigliano: B20 ham riéng ede thé nang bién deng U theo mét trong cac ago lve ‘Pando do bang chuyén vcd vt va phursng twang ung val ye Pk ou. a (4.14 A , 14) Dé chimg minh dinh If my (*) a xét dmg hp HE chju mt 56 le tp teung Py, Pe, Pp. hn 4.12) Tat nhien eéch lp luan dubi day vin ding cho bat kj chi lye dui ee dang kh Dui tée dung clia ce Iyc Pr, Pe» Pr ede diém dat luc J, k,n bi vong, using IA yr, yt Yn tn cfm 6 vi tri theo dung cong J. Gi stein tim 49 ving ye Chaya dm vj te sang v tr lan en Il. Musi vay e6 thé ding niu cche them tdi trong mdi hofe tang euing ti wrong 8 v.v... Gi si te them mot lye dPs vo eng bé 4 chuyéén dim tr vit sang vi tf I. Kh chuyén dm trv sang vr, ee Iye Py, Pk, Pa dB ha tp (ag cn chang minn hy ny mt ch an gin va go on su Kh bit rh Ij tag cae chuyén do vl rem mye 4). m4 ung, sinh cOng dT vA thé ning bin dang ca dm tng lem Ib dU, i: d=ar @ ViVi him s6 ita cic lye Py, Pk, Pron VA dU Bd bia thin thE ning o rigng luc Pe bign d6i véi mot Iugng dy vO cing be gay ra, nén dU chinh 1 vi phan ring phn cia U kh Py thay di, eB Ea aun Lap, oe bo ‘Mat kh, tink 9 bi didn dP” cia cong ngosi Ive. NEu goiTy v8 72 strc cong cia ee ngoai lye khi di & v tr vA, ta 6: inn 412 Ley ef 1 C Sein tt Pane Pade o THe: — T= LP +5 Paeed Pos @ ‘BE tinh cong 72 ta nhé si tnh chit: eong téng cong khong phu thude thi ty the dung cia ede Ive. Do d6, du tien ta 66 thé cho Ive dPs tie dung, «dim 58 cong ti vj ti II (Binh 4.13), diém dit eta dP, chuyén vi bing ty cngcin te Peng Pan Sau d6 cho céc lve Py, Pe, Pate dung, dim bj cong t6i vr Il, cic diém at Iye chuyén Abi yp ye, Ye (hinh 413). Cong cia efe Ive Pr, Pe, Pat ry: 1 Sein ed Punk Pa: Phi Pam r5 Pade Ngoti ra ie Ps sn trén cm cing di chuyén mot dogn ye va khong 6 ej 6 trong qua tinh chuyéa vi, néa lye dP sinh ebng bing dP ye. 15Vay cong t6ng cong cia fe ngoai Ive khi dm chuyéa trv tf ban du en vi wh of L pry sd Pen ed Pare dPs © Tred deine tPiy od Pants Pant dPim patie ‘Thay €) A(@) vio (©): ar Pay + Pay. 2 Bb qua nhing luome vo cing bé byc hal ta due: aT'= dPeye. — (D) Thay (6) vA(D vio (a), ta ob: wu. monn ean, aPan= ou. hay ag Vay, chuy6n v.00 v tt va phuong twang img vor lve Px bing deo ham ‘iéng cia thé nang thoo luc 48 CCing 6 thé més rng ket qui my chos 4 Truimg hop ti trong phn 6: Ie ny tao6 th chay ti tromg.phn bing vo sole 4p tune. 4 Trung hop lye Pe IA momen tfp trung, chuyén vj tuong dng Ia ge ony. Dé suy ra cong thie xée dinh chuyén vj theo eée mdi Iue ta thay (4.12) vio (414) ‘2GA |" “Tat ofe nye M,N. 1 im eee Pa. oa 6, ich pa & dyn Uy thos cn do hi eng then PN OBE ih rd hn ch pan hing fog th td do hm theo 38 Ke wiih 9 yh phn vd rong eh pa, Hon a ME) yy AM, AN?) oy ON 80) _ 9p 20. a Man! “on an on 7 an, wu lenient. Oia po as, (4.5) amon 20 trong. 1 dgo htm Feng cin efe biéu thie noi lye A, 06 Fan an BO 2 116 N,Q ly theo ive Pr {Ghd thick Trang hop rm im hay v Ay v8 phueg bt yma Kong ‘ob ued theophucr cf i chyna ty gn rus hem met ve ob ei at v8 pong hzang Ung ve chun vc tm 8 cng rh 9 ‘hurng i cub cong co ue y= VE dy 42. Xée dinh 40 vong tai mit jez tha 4 (hint 4.14). BS qua dnh bung A cia N va Q. Cho itt BT = const Ta ‘Chuyén vi cdr tm e6 vj tr vi phuomg tuong, ting voi lye P, do d6 theo (4.13), i inh 446 Liga ihinh 4.14 td ==: MH Tinh 4.14 ta thay: M =~ Pe, Das dps "Ning hh s6 my en tet to cid di cba di. Do a yas dee ee 2 Ket qua mang déiu cong ching 15 chuyén vj hutmg theo chiéu cita luc P, Ve de 43. Xée dink do ng tC trong he ttn nh 4.14, BG qua doh tung cba W v8. Cho bit Et = cont Tai khong lve tame ng vi chy vi fn tim, nn ta ph hem st ve Rp bp nen inh 415. Kh = fe as ‘Trong truéng hop nay momen ubn Mf khong lién tue tren toin chiéu di capi chin Khi Ossisa; r= ~Pars ye n= Khi aszzst; Mp==P2.—R(sxa): (era), ‘Sau ki ay dao hm rig phn theo Rta c6 thé cho ngay R= 0 dé dm sin vigc ly tie phan. Ta 06 7Padoyte, «(OPEN ta, -aj)ie, = Fogo Fgh Eten ~elken Baa?) gre] et qui mang dau cong ching t chuyén vi hung theo chiéu ela Ive R tie 1 hung xubing dud. pe? 7k. 7 Lay — | vn dts ston ase Veidu 4.4. Xée dinh gée xoay gi tit ditn A rong he uta hinh 4.14. Cho biet: £7 = const. Ba qua anh huong cia N va Q. DE xde din chuyén vi ge ti mot it din mio 6 ht tcf go hm Fiéng ci the ning U theo momen tip tung. Teong truing hop nay 6 igi A king c6 momen tp trang nen en dat them vio 46 mot momen -M® c6 cid bt ky (Binh 4.16). Khi 4, theo (4.13), t.08 Malt on due = 5 fe OE as aw ‘Tuhinh (4.16) tatinh duge: M-=—Pr + M*; me Sau 46 cho M* = Ova they vio cong thie teen, 66 Pz) pe ide TT Ket qui mang dau Am ching 15 chiéu quay cia g6e ox nguge véi chiéu cba Mf nen gée xoay quay thatn chigu kim dng B, 4.4. Céng kha di (céng do) cia ngoai lye va ndi Ive (Céch xi dinh chuyén vj theo thé ning dX tinh bay ebm chua duge thuan Ji trong dp dung va chua dé c§p day di efe nguyen nan gay ra chuyéa vi, uci dy ta tim hidu edch xe dinh chuyén vj theo ki nigm cong khi 94 Aap 178 AV ch nyt th itp de gee tng gust cho chy hi hé chiu nhiéu nguyén nhan khéc nhau. ee — A. Dinh nghia cong kd dt eong do) {ng Kn 8 cong snr bt eb ttn nag chuybn vv dang v8 cing bdo met nguytn nn BAY nao Gogo Chuyén iv bi dng 0 cing be dp phi ep Vick id ig ie et goat cong nu en ket nica he ue thou dda ee to tae vi due gia choc thd dv Bide dan Ee Nguyen nhtngty ra chuyén vv in dang th do va su chuyén vj cila cée g6i tua, ie Na nguyen ahtn ety ra chu vw Bn dang ehh 1 ce ye sah {ng ht c&ng 46 gol 1 cong tye. Kha niem may a3 ae cap me 82 DE thay oh nia veg Kn un ba trang th (nd a0. + Trang ht ot gol ang nea Py hi 4.17) ‘Trang hth a gi ang th "hi fe ngiyen nn "nC nguyen nkin "mre hin 4.17 gm o6 6 ti tong Pax bit thin hit tint ‘Chuyén vv bia dang dn 3 urang hl "mn Wh tt dng thc sna dita kien dong hoe tn ue xem eyo Kk tv i day nd Goi duet chyén vi dT og ng vs Py (ev uv phony wong gv ue P) doch nny ah "ny Tih 35 Pe. I ng KS cba Wye Py ven hig thiyén vf tong ng do ete nguyen ohn gay KS bigu Ta 1 cong Kh ia ve rang th sinh a tren ede chiyén tag von air ang rng ‘rong hay nigh Tin = Pe Bon(Cén luu 1a: Kséc vb cong thye da biel & ten, cong Khd dT bang ich $6 cia Iye vi chuyén di tuomg dmg ma khdng chia doi. Si df nbur vay 1 vi Ichi cde nguyen nhtn "mi gay ra chuyén vj din Ie Pe khong tham gia chuyéa vi nt khong thay 461 6. Ki nigm cOng khd 4718 mo Khfi niga mb rng, tt cugmg, gidp ta dB dang xée dinh duge chuyén vj o6 vt vA phucmg bit kj do moi nguyen ‘hn gay a. B. Nguyén If cong khd dt (nguyen If cong do) dp dung cho hé dan dt (S. D. Poisson 1833) ‘Trong Co hpe co $8 ta di biét mpi dung nguyen IY cong kha di cia Lagrange: Nau moth cht aim ndo do ada vét rn cn bang dud tac dung ca 8c Ive thi cong knd af cia cée luc tren nhing chuyéin vl kh ot vO cing 66 (tue I nhang chuy6n dBi ma cdc Han két cho phép) phil bing kndng The 4.16) Cong thic (4.16) bigu thi diéu kien cong khi df cit cée ngoai Ive bing none, ‘rong truing hop he bign dang dan h6i th theo S. D. Poisson, ngodi ‘cong kha dTetiac4e ngoal lye ta cbn phil xét den cong kh d ca cc ng Ie wen nm bign dang khi di Do 46, c6 thé phét bidu nguyen If ah Nau moth biéh dang din h6 cb lap cén bing cut tac dung cba cée lieth tng c8ng Kh ol Ta cla cBe ngoal Ive trén nhong ehuySn vi hd 6 cing bé twang Ung v8 cong Kha ocd céc nb Ye Ati én ‘hing bién dang dan h6i Khd ef tong ng phi bing Khang Ti + Att 0 ay Thy AP ain C. Cong kha dt ctta ngoat tee ‘Theo Kh niém cong Khi df tinh by & ten ta o6 thé phét bigu dinh nga ma tong cho trudng hop niu Ive nh sau: ‘Cong kh ee cée ngogl lve & trang tha k trén nhng chy vi kh 8 trong thal m bang tng cde tch 86 gia céc ngoa! Ive tae dung 3 trang thai k vai nig chuyéh vi tung ong trang thai m Ton = EP dn (4.18) D.Cong kh di cia ngi tue Dé xée dinh cong kh di cia noi lye cho ton he, eting nhu & mye 4.2 truge tién ta tin cfg kha dca mot phn t6 than. + © trang thdi "A" ta téch mot phn 1 thanh 66 chiéu dai ds. Trong ‘mung hop tng quét cia bai toéa phing tg cée mt ct du ti va du phii cha phan (6 thanh ed cfc le Mt, Mt, Qe fe dung. C&e Ive niy 1a rngosi lye d6i vei phan t6 thanh dang xét, nhimg [8 ngi he d6i vi todn i trang thsi "A" do nguyen ahtn gay ra (inh 4,184). +O trang théi "mi ti vi Ut omg tng ta eng téch phn 16 thanh e6 hid di de. © trang thSi nly phtn ‘thant ds 6 thé 6 nhing bien ang sau: 1. Bin dang do ee n6t Ye Mn, Nm -Qm My My UES inh 4.18 ‘+ Hai it dign & hai fu phan 16 thanh bi xoay tao thinh ge ye ds (hich 4.186), + Phin 16 thanh bj din dai doe tre mot doan Gn ds Chin 4.18) ‘+ Hai tet ign & bai du phan «6 thanh bj tegt mot g6e 8s chink 4.184), Vi bign dang eta he 18 dan h6i tye tinh cho nen theo dint lust 181Hooke (xem 4.2.0), 6: aM; yhevSe, 2. Bin dang do sy thay déi nhigt 43 Goi tum ¥a tow 1 thay 66i niet do & hd ten va thd dud cia than Néu chip nhdn quy luge big thign ca nhidt dd theo chidu cao tiét dig Ta lndt bdc nt th bigu dB bien thien abit c6 dang ding ‘hing ni tren hinh 4.193 ‘Tw d6 ta dé ding xée dinh en ~ age 49 ida thien nhigt @ 2) Mints a ee ‘9 o true thanh: be ote ain tbe teal | if Pee Co oe New a= b= W106: I re | fog = tae, tn Casto tts. Dé lap cfe cong thie taal Hon aa AL Hn > OVA fe > Hn {iG dign 1-1 3 uti ea phan 26 than IA c6 in. Goi cli he 56 din ni di vi nbigt cia vat Higu ta e6:th6 tren cia phn {6 thanh 38 din dai ing atin, rye phan t6 than (hd tung ida) din Ai Th atonds vA th6 dud phn w6 than 8 cn di 18 ads Chin 4.19b). Nhu vy phn 6 than e6 hai thinh phn bign dang vi mbit: «Big dang di dge theo tye dont dd tom ety 1a: ds = een dl © ‘+ Big dang xoay gia baie din dw tei va du lay 2 lt dee Zn EBs Pn 7 Gam ims (2) ‘Vay cong Kho phtn tS thanh cis ef Iye & wang th “A” tren nhing Dien dang kh df omg ing trang th "n” bng 1 Tin 1 1 1 Mayinds + Mavuds +2 Netgds +4 Natnds + SMaviads +4 Mavis +5 Natads +7 Nitin +Sonritds +4 oxyde + Mavinds + Natinds, ay Tig = Minds + Needs +Qay'8 ds + Mains + Needs ‘Theo (4.171465 Tin = ~ dA Do dé Agen Mind Naeds4 Oey dsedayn ds Nad ds Teen totn he cng Kh cnn ge 8 rang th Een nbn ti dang kha di tuong tng & trang thai "mm" bing i Monn -[E IM, vade + EIN, sade r E10, sites +EIM, vinds + E50, ends ‘Thay. (6 so ig thd cong give, 268 Ame LE [atts nS fits Sfp Lila ag HEM Elton tim lls [Meatyils 6.195 E.Cong thie cong ki dt Thay (4.18) v8.19) wh A708: EP adan aD [Metta Feats S fy 2B ae ie «2 FE Me Fam lim MEAL [Netto : Cong thts (4.20) bi6u th sy can bing gi cong kd of eda cdc ngoei ‘sto dung trén he 3 trang th “K"r8n mhong chuyén w kn’ of taang tng & trang thai "m" voi cng kd of ea n5i Ive 8 trang tha Kt bn nhng 86 dang Hn aTtvang ing 3 tang thar si day ta sé van dung cong thc ny 4é thet lp cong thde chuyéa ‘oho thet: * Ctng the nay dug Bp yng cho cc Ne dn 6 ty rh gf ahag han thing ogc rng tanh cong b 0 conga tem 42.) + Du teh phn tong cng thd rn en hi 8 ch phn nd han ee My dh ‘hn Wen ong do9n tar ong eA Ram das deh phn en uc DSU,\W ph 6 dung cho cbc oan han rong he. Su tng & v6 try hao 6 ve & verge 4.8. Cae dinh ly tuong hé trong hé dan héi tuyén tinh “Ta sé ching minh bin dinh Iy twomg hd 4€ phyc vy cho vige nghien ete ce noi dung sau ny. A. Dink If tzomg hé vé cong khd dt cia ngoat le inh iy aby do E, Bet dé xu vbo nim 1872. “Xét moe he din hi tay toh wong tg wi ha tang ths: trang th “im he chi ee ngoai lye Pg: 6 trang tht “k” he chiu cée ngosi luc Pa ‘Theo cong thie cdg khi di (4-20) ta 6: + Cing khi di cia efe ngodi lye & trang thi Ym” ttn cdc chuyéin vi kh Eituong ing & tang thi: May MeN bac 5 fv Ome ds a Darts Doe te F fee eds. co) cia fe ngogi Ive & trang thai "E" ten ede chuyén vi kh > eth) = 0 te fin hhwing cia Ive doc va lye et khong ding Ké. Néucho = $h vA y= 13 th = fied Le r= 2frerdre!) Eom “hy von ang py it na ida ang oe lo Siecle te Sige meee Vi du 46. Xée diah gée xoay ta 192 2 St ditn A cia dim congxdn c6 tet dita cht nat thay 461 nh ten inh 4.26 Ta xée dinh chuyén vi g6e theo 4, oad ' f br Bo ‘Tim quy lust bign thign ei J ta: ato Tn = he) 112. a « ‘Think 4.26, theo at dng dang,” Pat 406: hfs) oh CHD) nn 426 bk? (Ly? nen Hapa ORB sion MY aman gosta en, it tng deer ‘Tao trang thai "E" va xAe dinh noi lye & tang thi "R": DE im ge xoay 1 A, ta Rt a A ye Ph dud dang mgt momen th trang. Chon eit cba ‘home quey thu ds im dnp he inh 260 te Biya) =41 ‘Thay tng ay vo ng thd cuyén va: Sete ee if Sai 7, fire? ‘Sau khi I tich phn (xem cfch Isy teh phn trong ede 86 tay toén hoc), ta duge ket quis a Vivteye 2 —E) onset * els TS asa |,” 2h ge oss Ket qui mang da am ching t g6e xoay tai A quay nguge chidu v6i Pe. Cy thé ty la quay nguce chida kim dng hb. 193VE du 47. Xée din chuyén vi ngang. i iu wy do cha dim cong tren hinh 4.272. Cho bit El = cons. Vid qua inh hung cia bign dang doc tye va bign dang traytnén t o6 thé xée dinh chuyén vi theo cong thie (4.26) ‘Trang th Néiu by bin 56 he 9 a6 + Noi lye 8 trang thAi "mM Nog ge Btgng ih = olay= —r sing Viphtn cn cided =rdo. Tay cle tng 5 vio 26,8 ne: a pare t = —— [sin fl — cos = ainn"f torino P-cveledy iG pnet!-corelde pet cosy =Pt aa [cosa 0) oer" et qu mang ds dong ching 1 chuyén vg theo chi eb Pe te Th ting 8 bee pi B. Trang hap ht din Kip chia ti trong Nw it og A ae bn M = =. = fas 4.27) ann ft ‘rong tye oe da lng E, A vA tye doe Ning nb Na thing khong thay d6i trong pham vi timg thanh, do 46 ta e6 thé dua che dai Tg dt ng du teh phn: : Ra, TMi ay, ea, f 194 suy ra (428) Da téng trong cong thic ép dung cho uit cd fe thenh cba di, Ve du 4.8. Xée sinh chuyén vi ai tai mft 5 cba dan tren bis a 48 Xe ne a din ttn hinh 4.284, Hoh 426 ‘BE cho thu tign, tala the (4.28) ta chuda bj thge hin nhu sau: *) Xe diah chigu di cia ting than, ghi ket qui vio bing 4.1 cot thi ng nh hay tog di, Can oo fe si edn hia gh ot Sng 4 hans Bang 4.1 Tank] | THEA] Min W, : (| Mo [Rg _| Rg Minty 2 | avave | ven | -pve | Vara | pidavaea 2} a | wa} i | vy PLEA 34 | aviv | wea | .pys | - Vive PO /26A yd | weal op | ne PO/2EA sr} ot | va} op | ne PAI2EA se} 22 | ve | oo 2 o sa | aire | vex | 0 | viva ° NaN, . Pd MaMa yo Pry, = (EA) gal? V2) 5) Xie dinh gid HEA cho ting thanh, gh vio ct thd bs. Trong ruing 195,hop ny, Se gi tr dnb ha 6) Xée din ve doe Nin tong ting thas & wang th “mn” (gi so thu theo ee pang pip ch mit hte ma eft bi 4 Tyo trang thi "va xe dn ye doe. Rong ting tha, ghi vBo cout ni ) Th ce git (Ba Nan i (EA) cho tg than Bing ech an ee 1 ie rng Bn et Gta tb, thd vA nm We nhav, Gi et qui cin pep nhan vio cot tse cng cde Ket qua sé use hus of en Kétqui An = PE (24 S30 C. Trung hop he tink dink bat kj chiu chuyén vi cudng bite Kh len ket tua chuyén vi euéng bie, trong efe he tinh dinh khong phat ‘sinh ni lye, do d6 cOng the chuyén vi 586 dang: Tha Zn (429) az V6 dy 4.9. Xée dnt chuyéa vf. thing ding wi du ts do ba Khung kh tui chiu chuyén vt cung bie theo phuong ngang Ia 2 theo phuong thing dling fa b va oy thatn chidy kim dng h6 mdt gée bing @ (tinh 4.290. i Dé xéc dinh chuyén vi niyta py 7 Pet én igo trang. thé Hoh 5 4 14.296) wong 6 de Pa =F 7 tai dy d,e6 phuog thing ~ * sing Tip 66 tm ede hin Ie tak cdc lien k&tc6 chuyén 7 wi cutng bie do Py = gay 8. 1 Gis ti eda ede phin Ive nly shi ten biah 4.296, ‘Ap dung cong thde (4.29), dng hdc 918 eh s6 cia Ry Z tong Ahi phin ie a Tien Ke j 3 rang hE" cng chida vi chuyén vi Ong teeta en Ret 8 rang tht ne: 198 Hit 4.20 Ag = ~(0.a~1b-L9)=b+ le D.Trudng hop he tinh dink bdt ky chju su thay dét nhigt do ‘Su thay d6i mbit 9 chi gay ra ng ye trong he sidu tinh ma khong. gy a 1b ue tong inh dink. Do tac thé xk di chuyén von ‘finh djnh theo cOng thite sau: et ee Ae Dy Etta tig M8 #Z [Mets (4.30) “rong hong tng hep ki: + Nhlet do thay 46; nhu nu theo chi dicta timg dosn than “© Vat ligu trong ting dogn thanh nbur nhau, nga A cr= const trong tg doaa thank, + Chiu cao h = const trong ting dogn than, a thé da ch dL flim VR 8 god tc phan i= SE gt) + bog JR ye Ta thdy cfc tch 6 Hy ds va Ny de tn lug 1 itn ich phn 6 cia bidu 46 momen ub va Ie doen [ys = A, )~ dig vic bidu 48 momen wba trong ting dogn than SG rgng thsi" [Rid .20R) ~ditn teh bidu 46 iye dge trong ting doan thank 6 trang ti", Cong thie 8 6 dang Air Elta Hg ATA) + Se hg AN sn Ve dy 4.40. Xée dinh chayén vi ngang cia didm C Ki mite 9 & trong ‘chung bin déi +1 cdn & ngodi Khung bien 46i ~2 (hind 4.308)

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