Basics Road Lighting Printout

Basics for roadlighting
Uwe Rabenstein
LiDAC
Hochschule Wismar
April 8, 2009
Road lighting
LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 2
1
Freedom of design
- Free arrangements of the luminares?

- bright-/darkzones on the roadsurface?
- Which luminare design?
Freedom of design
- The safety for the traffic has abolute priority!

- The arrangement of the luminare, spacing and
height are results of the official standards.
- Using Luminares with a good design is allowed.
- Different light colours are possible, but the target
is an efficacy lightinstallation.
2
Classification of roadlighting
mainroads
sideroads
junction / roundabout
tunnels / subway crossing
shopping roads
residential roads
Standards/recommendations for roadlighting
DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 part 1 and 2;
(ME-classes with appr. 0.5cd/m² to 2cd/m²); CIE 115-1995
(ME- or S-classes with appr. 0.5cd/m² or 3lx resp. 7lx); CIE 115-1995
(CE-classes with 7.5lx to 50lx); CIE 115-1995
DIN 67524 part 1 to 2; RABT 2006
DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 Teil 1 and 2;
(CE- or S-classes); CIE 115-1995
DIN EN 13201 parts 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 Teil 1 and 2;
(ME- or S-classes with appr. 0.3cd/m² or 2lx resp. 10lx) ; CIE 115-1995
3
cd/m² ? lx?
basics of light
Visual job: recognize objects on the road
- Ko
ntra
s t
luminance cd/m²
illuminance lx
4
level of brightness
100000lx - sunlight
20000lx - cloudy sky in the summer
5000lx - cloudy sky in the winter

betw. 2 and 30lx - roadlighting
max. 1lx - moonlight
Requirements for roadlighting

Negativ-contrast (dark object opposite to the bright background)
• luminances Laverage = 0,3 - 2,0 cd/m2

• illuminances Ehaverage = 2 - 30 lux
• uniformity UL(along) = 0.5 - 0.7
UO(hole) = min/average 0.3 - 0.4
• Threshold increment TI = 10-20 %
5
Influence of the luminace level for the traffic
luminace of the road L
L p = q • E hP
q = q (α , β , γ )
6
Influence of the local uniformity for the traffic
uniformity U0 and UL
Uniformity overall
∑L p
U0 = n
n
Uniformity along
UL = LRmin / LRmax
7
Glare?
What is glare?
Glare is light in high differences of luminace in the field of view, which is

created by luminares. This differences create a physiological-
psychological effect which has influence to:
• Visual comfort
• Visual power
8
Kinds of glare
Psychological glare (discomfort)
-> create a discomfort and with a influence over a long period, the working
capacity is reduced.
Physiological glare (disability glare)
-> reduce the visiual power in kind of

- visual sharpness
- contrast recognization
- lower working capacity
Base for the visibility
… is the contrast between difference objects.
Lo − Lu
Co =
Lu
Co contrast
Lu luminance in the surrounding
Lo luminance on the object
9
Influence from glare for the visibility
The contrast will be reduced between the two objects.
Lo − Lu
Co =
Lu + Lv
Co contrast
Lu luminance in the surrounding
Lo luminance on the object
Lv equivalent veiling luminance
Threshold increment
influence from glare for visibility
10
Threshold increment
Object dimension = 8’
Threshold increment
Lv
TI = 65 0.8
Lu
n
Ek
Lv = K ∑
k =1 θ k
2
Lv equivalent veiling luminance

Lu adapted luminace
Ek illuminace in the eye of the observer
θk angle in grad between the line of view and the line of connection from observer to the luminare
K age factor (K=10 for a observer which is 23 years old)
11
Threshold increment
values for threshold increment
Threshold Increment (TI) Glare level
> 15 disagreeable
10 acceptable
< 10 good
Achtung: Eine Beleuchtungsanlage kann am Beobachterauge die Schleier-

leuchtdichte erhöhen, ohne notwendigerweise die mittlere Leuchtdichte im
Gesichtsfeld zu erhöhen.
Threshold increment
age factor K= f(age of the observer)
12
Threshold increment
When is the Threshold increment procedure are valid?
• The direction of view is in one line with the area which is observed.
• The observed area has to be in the field of view from the observer.
Threshold increment
Not more luminares has to be controlled as located in a 20° field of view.
20°
30m
13
Lightingdesign for a boulevard
Information for a lighting design based on the DIN-standard
- speed of the traffic

- main user and other user which is allowed to use
- impossible user
- sectional view of the road (with/without middlelane)
- number of traffic in the darkness (cars per hour and lane)
- surroundbrightness and crime
- intensity of bicycles
- precaution for less traffic and parking cars
- surface on the road (only for luminance calculation)
14
Information (example)
- Character: mainroad
- average luminance 1.0cd/m²
- uniformity overall U0 0.40
- uniformity along UL 0.60
- Character: footpath
- average illuminance 5lx
- minimum illuminance 1lx
Choose a luminare
15
Choose a luminare
Choose a luminare
16
Choose a luminare
IRIDIUM 252 IRIDIUM 253 KOFFER 70 MINIKOFFER KOFFER 100 KOFFER 150 KOFFER 250 SGS 201 SGS 203 SGS 204 SEIL- SEIL- SEIL- Flache Flache RESIDIUM
KOFFER 70 KOFFER 150 KOFFER 250 Ansatzleuchte Seilleuchte
Choice regarding the lightdistribution:

Asymmetrical floodlight
17
round and symmetrical optic

Lineshape uplighting optic
18
Linear small UrbanLine (S)

Linear symmetrical with UrbanLine (SC)
19
Linear asymmetrical with UrbanLine (A)

Roadlighting optic
20
Roadlighting optic
Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with roadlighting optic for

T-lamps - height of the luminare regarding a good uniformity
ME
ideal height of the luminare = road width +1m 1-3
acceptable height of the luminare = road width 4-5
minimum height of the luminare = road width -1m 6
21
Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with roadlighting optic
for T-lamps - spacing of the luminare for ME-classes regarding a
good uniformity
ME
ideal spacing = height of the luminare x 4-5 1-3
acceptable spacing = height of the luminare x 5-6 4-5
minimum spacing = height of the luminare x 6-7 6
Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with roadlighting

optic for T-lamps - spacing of the luminare for S-classes
regarding a good uniformity
Optic CT, OR, T

Spacing = height of the luminare x 5 - 7
Optic WB
22
Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with decorativ optics -
height of the luminare for S-classes regarding a good uniformity
ideal height of the luminare = road width

acceptable height of the luminare = road width -1m
minimum height of the luminare = road width -2m
Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with decorativ optics -

spacing of the luminare for S-classes regarding a good uniformity
23
Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting
- Location of the poles

location appr. –2m to +2m behind the kerbstone
- Mounting on a arm
Angle of the arm max. 15°
Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting
The values for the brightness is controlled by the lamppower. Which

lamppower is necessary? This information can find in same design
sheets or via calculation by software. Foundation for this is to have
all the information on the pages before.
24
Reflector positions
Position 1 Position 3 (5)* Position 5 (11)*
* sodium lamps (cosmopolis lamps)
Arrangement of luminares
singlesided central wallmounted
doublesided Doublesided shifted rope
25
26
27
28
Determination of the illuminance classes
www.planungstool.philips.com
Calculux Road Wizard

C:\Programme\Calculux\Road
Wizard\road wizard.exe
Link for downloads of calculux and road wizard
http://www.lighting.philips.com/de_de/tools_downloads/calculux/index.
php?main=de_de&parent=1_8&id=de_de_calculux&lang=de
Software and tools for light calculation
• Calculux 7.0 (Philips)
• DIALux 4.6 (DIAL)
• Relux 2009 (Relux)
• Designtools as PDF-Files (Philips)
• LCI – Lightingdesign software (Prof. Stockmar)
• …
29
Design tools
Pedestrian crossing
30
Pedestrian crossing – basics (german standard
DIN 67523)
Definition:
b = roadwith
c = width of the pedestrian crossing
w = waiting area
dL = spacing of the valuation grid
A –F = valuation points
Pedestrian crossing – basics (german standard

DIN 67523)
The evaluation has to be done separat in each driving direction.
Definition:
= valuation points
- Spacing of the valuation points on lane E-F max. 1m

- height of the valuation level 1m
31
Pedestrian crossing without any additional light
DIN 67523-1 : 1988-04 DIN 67523-1: 2009-XX
Average road luminance

Luminance (nominal value) Lm = 2cd/m² Lm ≥ 1.5 cd/m²
(maintenance value)
Uniformity overall U0 = 0.4 Uniformity overall (Minimum) U0 ≥ 0.4
Class of the glare limitation KB = 1 Uniformity along (Minimum) Ul ≥ 0.7
Threshold increment (highest value) TI ≤ 15 %
This lightsituation has to be

realized min. 50m before and Surround ratio (Minimum) SR ≥ 0,5
behind the pedestrian crossing.
Vertical illuminance on the axis E-F
EV ≥ 4 lx
(maintenance value)
Pedestrian crossing without any additional light
DIN 67523-1 : 1988-04 DIN 67523-1: 2009-XX
Average vertical illuminance on the Average vertical illuminance on the

axis in the middle of the pedestrian axis in the middle of the pedestrian
crossing (nominal value) Evm = 40 lx crossing (maintenance value) Evm = 30 lx
Average vertical illuminance on Average vertical illuminance on each

each calculation points calculation points
(nominal value) Evmin ≥ 5 lx (maintenance value) Evmin ≥ 4 lx
32
Pedestrian crossing - requirements
DIN 67523-1 : 1988-04 DIN 67523-1: 2009-XX
Luminance of the road (nominal Average luminance of the road

Lm = 0.3cd/m² Lm ≥ 0.3 cd/m²
value) (maintenance value) ME6
Uniformity overall U0 > 0.3 Uniformity overall (Minimum) U0 ≥ 0.35
Klasse der Blendungsbegrenzung KB = 1 Uniformity along (Minimum) Ul ≥ 0.4
Threshold increment (Highest value) TI ≤ 15 %

Diese Beleuchtungsverhältnisse
müssen mindestens 100m vor
und hinter und dem FGÜ gegeben
sein.
Pedestrian crossing – design tools
33
Pedestrian crossing – design tools
Pedestrian crossing - example
Fußgängerüberweg in
Hessisch-Oldendorf
34
Roundabout
roundabaout – luminare arrangement (standard)
35
Roundabout – design tools
Roundabout – design tools
36
Roundabout - example
Aachen – Europaplatz, Metronomis
Car park lighting
37
Freedom of design
- Free arrangements of the luminares?
- Bright-/darkzones on the roadsurface?
- Which luminare design?
Limitation for the design
- safety for footsteps from persons are neccesarry

- Visibility from persons/faces are benefical
- The arrangement of the luminare, spacing and height are
results of the official standards.
- Using Luminares with a good design is allowed. Different light
colours are possible, but the target is an efficacy lightinstallation
38
Standards/recommendations for car park lighting
DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4 - Roalighting

(light for official car parcs included)
DIN EN 12464 part II - Light on outdoor

workspaces (light for privat car parcs included)
Requirements
Visibility from steps, persons, objects and cars
DIN EN 13201 12464 part II
• illuminance Ehaverage = 7.5 - 30 lux 5 – 20 lux

• Uniformity overall U0 = 0.40 0.25
39
Colour of the light and colourrendering
SON CDM/CP SOX

O
Ra 25 Ra --
Ra 80
Rules of thumb for a car park lighting design
Number of luminares En x A x 1.25

n= ηB x ΦL
n number of luminares
A area in m²
ηB utilisationfactor for the installation
ΦL Luminous flux from the luminare
Spacing anlong = height of the luminares x 3 ... 4 (along)
40
Standarddimension on a car park
detail
4.5-5m 6-8m
2.5m
Asymmetrical floodlight
41
Possible luminare arrangement with floodlights
height = 8-10m
round and symmetrical optic
42
Possible luminare arrangement with lantern
height = 4-6m
Roadlighting optic
43
Possible luminare arrangement with street lighting luminares
height = 6-8m
Valuation of the number of luminares regarding the

utilisation factor method
Dimension of the car park 70m x 74m

Dimension of the store 53m x 31m
Kind of luminare Koffer² 70
lamp/luminous flux CPO-TW 60W/6800lm
utilisationfactor for installation appr. 0.45 – 0.50
x 1.25 = 15lx x 3537m² x 1.25 = 22 luminares

n = Enηx xA Φ 0.45 x 6800lm
B L
44
Results of the lighting design via computer
1xCPO-TW 60W
Lph = 6m
Em = 15.2lx
g1 = 0.27
Decorative luminares for roadlighting
45
Energiesaving but how?
Full/normal operation Each 2.luminare are Reduced operation

switched off
Thank you very much for your attention.
46
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Basics for roadlighting

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 2

- Free arrangements of the luminares?

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 3

- The safety for the traffic has abolute priority!

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 4

tunnels / subway crossing

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 5

Standards/recommendations for roadlighting

DIN 67524 part 1 to 2; RABT 2006

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 6

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 7

Visual job: recognize objects on the road

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 8

20000lx - cloudy sky in the summer

5000lx - cloudy sky in the winter

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 9

Requirements for roadlighting

• luminances Laverage = 0,3 - 2,0 cd/m2

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 10

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 11

luminace of the road L

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 12

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 13

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 14

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 15

Glare is light in high differences of luminace in the field of view, which is

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 16

Psychological glare (discomfort)

Physiological glare (disability glare)

-> reduce the visiual power in kind of

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 17

Base for the visibility

… is the contrast between difference objects.

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 18

The contrast will be reduced between the two objects.

influence from glare for visibility

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 20

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 21

Lv equivalent veiling luminance

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 22

values for threshold increment

Threshold Increment (TI) Glare level

Achtung: Eine Beleuchtungsanlage kann am Beobachterauge die Schleier-

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 23

age factor K= f(age of the observer)

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 24

When is the Threshold increment procedure are valid?

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 25

Not more luminares has to be controlled as located in a 20° field of view.

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 26

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 27

Information for a lighting design based on the DIN-standard

- speed of the traffic

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 28

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 29

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 30

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 31

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 32

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 33

Choice regarding the lightdistribution:

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 34

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting 35