K THUT NUI G H MNG

I. CHUN B G GING Ging g tt l yu t quan trng hng u to nn s thnh cng trong chn nui g. Con ging phi m bo c cc yu t ca mt con ging tt cho tng mc ch chn nui ( nui g tht hay g trng ). 1. Chn g con ging: * Yu cu: - Chn g con cng ng u v trng lng cng tt. - Chn nhng con nhanh, mt sng, lng bng, bng gn, chn mp. - Trnh chn nhng con g kh chn, vo m, khoo chn, h rn, x bng, l huyt bt lng, cnh x, c vng thm en quanh rn. * Cch chn: - Bt ln lt tng con v cm trn tay, quan st ton din t lng, u, c, chn, bng v hu mn pht hin cc khuyt tt. - Sau th g quan st i li. - Loi nhng con khng t yu cu. 2. Chn g ging nui sinh sn Cng nh cc ging g a phng khc, g HMng l ging g c th nui kim dng c ngha l va c th nui ly tht va c th nui sinh sn ly trng. nui g ly trng t hiu qu cao, ta cn c s chn lc g cn thn qua tng giai on c nhng con g ging sinh sn tt ( nhiu, t l trng c phi cao, khi mang p l l n cao ) 2.1 Chn g mi nui hu b sinh sn Sau giai on g con ( g nui c khong 7- 9 tun tui ) nui g sinh sn ta phi c s chn lc g ln th nht chuyn sang giai on nui hu b, cch chn i th nh sau: Trong n, chn nhng con pht trin tng i ng u, c b lng bng mt mang mu sc c th ca ging, dng nhanh nhn phm n nhng hin lnh; mu mt en; m to, hi cong; thn mnh di, hng rng, bng hi x; hai chn ng trn, mu en bng, cao va phi, bn chn v ng chn m p, loi b nhng con chn qu cao, qu thp, kh gy v gi lnh

2.2 Chn g nui sinh sn * Chn g mi: - Vo tun tui th 19 - 20 l thi im kt thc giai on g hu b, sang tun tui 21 g s bt u , ta li tip tc chn lc ln 2. Trc ht chn nhng con c trng lng khng qu thp, khng qu cao, lc 20 tun tui t khong 1,4 kg n 1,6 kg l tt nht, sau chn nhng con c c im + u nh, m ngn u, mng tch to, en bng. + Mt sng, lng mt xp st vo thn, bng pht trin mm mi. + Hu mn rng mu hng ti hoc hi en, nhn v h i t . + Khong cch gia xng chu v xng c rng 3-4 ngn tay, gia hai xng chu rng gn 2-3 ngn tay xp li. * Chn g trng Chn nhng con trng c c im chung nh: mu lng in hnh ca ging, bng mt, sng lp lnh... u to, c cao, thn hnh vng chc. Hai chn to kho c nhiu lng, i li vng tri, da bng. Dng nhanh nhn hng dng; hai mt linh hot, tinh nhanh; cnh kho khon p gn trn lng. Tnh hng khi trng thy g mi; lng ui di hai bn cn i. Trng lng hn g mi cng tui t 200 - 300g . II. H THNG CHUNG TRI CHO G 1 Dng c m g con Theo cch thc nui c truyn sau khi g mi p n t nui con, g m dn con i trong sn, vn kim mi nn rt d gp nguy him, t l hao ht rt nhiu do g con b sa h nc hoc b chn, co, mo, chut n tht. Mt khc g rt d b nhim bnh tt, giun sn hoc cht c, nn nhiu khi c by g m ch sng c vi con. Do vy g kho mnh, t bnh tt, t cht, nht thit phi nui m. m g c th lm lng m hoc dng ct quy. Nu lm lng m ln lm theo kch thc 2m x 1m x 0,5m; chn cao khong 0,4 m m 100 g con. Phn y lng m nn dng sn nha chuyn dng c l. Xung quanh c th dng li thp hoc nha, hoc cng c th an bng tre ng thi cm c rm che xung quanh gi m cho g hoc c th linh hot iu chnh thng thong trong lng p. Nu dng ct quy th nn dng ct p c chiu di t 3 - 5m c th d dng tng gim din tch quy.

2. Chung g Chung nui g cn c lm v tr cao ro, sch s, khng b ng nc, tn dng c cng nhiu nh sng t nhin cng tt; Chung g c th lm n gin bng vt liu sn c nh: Tranh, tre, na, l c, rm, r,... hoc xy chung vi mi lp bng tn hoc ngi m bo thong mt v ma h, m kn v ma ng. Nui 100 g th vn cn din tch 15 - 20m2 chung. Chung nn c sn hoc so cho g u bng tre, g cch 40 - 50 cm so vi nn chung, phn g ri xung di d dn phn v lm v sinh Hai tun trc khi a g nhp chung th chung tri v cc thit b chn nui (mng n, mng ung...) phi c c ra, st trng, v sinh sch s. Cht n chung nh tru, dm bo phi kh sch, khng nm mc. * Nu nui theo phng php cng nghip: Ta ng mt chung rng t 2 - 3m 2 tu theo thc t ca mi gia nh. Di chung nn ri tru kh, dm bo hoc rm, c kh sch ct ngn lm thnh lp m 5 - 10cm, hoc c th lm sn ( ging nh dt ging ) bng tre, g, cao 40 - 70cm so vi mt nn phn ri xung nn ri dn i. * Nui bn chn th: Chung nui khng cn rng lm, mt trc ca chung hng v pha ng - Nam mt tri chiu vo chung bui sng m bo st trng v kh ro, hp v sinh. Sn chung lm bng li hoc tre tha cch mt t t 0,5 - 0 , 7 m g ng c thong, kh ro ng thi thun li trong vic dn v sinh. Xung quanh chung ro bng nhng thanh tre hoc g tha cch nhau 2 - 2,5cm thong gi vn. Ban ngy kh ro th g ra sn, vn cho g chi v kim n, tm nng, b ui ti g vo chung ng. 2.3 Mng n - ung Mng n: G mi n dng mt vnh thp hoc khay n bng tn, hoc nha, cho n n 3 tun tui. Sau chuyn sang dng mng di hoc mng trn mng trn t ng bng nha hoc tn. Mng loi phi 50 dng cho 25 - 30 con g/ 1 mng. Mng ung: G cc la tui u nn dng loi mng galon bn t ng hoc t ng l tt nht. G con dng loi 1 - 2 lt g d v g to dng mng 3,5 - 5 lt. Cc loi mng n mng ung u c bn trn th trng. Nn chn mua nhng ca hng bn kt thuc th y hoc thc n v dng c chn nui. ngi bn t nhiu c kin thc v chn nui nn c th t vn cho ta nhiu iu b ch

2.4 B tm ct cho g Cng ging nh cc ging g ta khc, g H Mng rt thch tm, ct hoc t bt. Tu iu kin c th xy b hoc o h tm cho g, b hoc h c kch thc di 2m, rng 1m, cao 0,3m dng cho 40 - 50 con g, trong cha ct kh, tro bp, c thm t bt lu hunh cng tt, cn b tr b hoc h tm ni c bng mt. 2.5 cho g Tu tng cch nui cng nghip hay bn chn th lm khc nhau. - Nu nui g theo kiu cng nghip th lng nui g l , cn thit k cho sn lng nghing ra pha trc khi g trng ln ra v ri xung mng . - Nui th vn hay bn cng nghip phi lm bng thng, hoc chung cho c lot g. c ni gc khut ca khut ca chung khi g khng b g khc nhn thy; mt c b tr cho 5 - 10 g mi. C th tn dng hp ct tng nh hay thng mng c hoc c th ng bng g, bn trong c lt rm hoc tru sch, mi cho 4 - 5 g mi. 2.6 Mng ct si G c nhu cu n thm mt s ct hoc si nh gip g tiu ho thc n c thun li v cung cp mt phn cht khong can xi, nn cn t gn chung hoc quanh sn th mt s mng ct v si 2.7 B tr sn, vn, bi th g. G nui bn chn th phi c din tch sn, vn th ti thiu t 2 -5m2/ con. Sau 1 - 2 thng cn thay sn hoc bi th g c th kim c nhiu thc n v c thi gian st trng sn, bi. Mt khu g nui nn xy dng 2 - 4 sn, bi th lun phin nhau. Sn, bi th nn c cy bng mt, c c xanh l ngun thc n c cha nhiu vitamin, khong, l ngun b xung dinh dng cho g. C bi th g t do vn ng, kim thc n, tm nng to vitamin D lm xng rn chc, tng cng sc kho v kh nng phng chng bnh. III. K THUT NUI DNG CHM SC V PHNG BNH G. 1. Chm sc nui dng a) Nui g con t 0 - 1 thng tui Gia on ny cn m g tht cn thn. C th m g trong lng m hoc trn nn chung. Nu m trn nn cn s dng tru hay phoi bo c kh trng nt nn, cn tri dy t 5 - 10 cm. Mng n, mng ung phi c st trng, phi kh, sch s. Dng quy bng ct cao 40 - 50 cm v chiu di ct tu theo s lng g m.

* Mt m: Nu m mt qu ng g s chm ln v d sinh bnh tt, nu nui mt qu t s lng ph chung nui, nhit si... v vy cn m vi mt thch hp khong 40 - 50 con/m2; * Nhit m: - iu chnh nhit cho nui m g con l rt cn thit, trong thi gian 1 n 3 tun u g khng t iu chnh c thn nhit mt cch hon chnh v vy thit b si m phi t cho hp l v phi lun c s iu chnh nhit ph hp vi nhu cu ca g. Trc khi th g vo quy hoc lng m. Chung v lng m phi c si m trc vi gi. Nhit v mt m g c theo di v iu chnh nh sau:
Ngy tui 1-3 4-7 8 - 14 15 - 21 22 - 28 28 tr nn Nhit trong quy m 31 - 33 30 - 31 29 - 30 26 - 28 24 - 26 23 - 24 Mt m ( Con/ m2 ) 85 - 100 65 - 85 50 - 65 35 - 50 25 - 35 20 - 25 m tng i

60 - 70

Nu khng gi cho nhit trong chung m m bo nhu cu th g d b cht nhiu hoc ci cc chm ln, t l ng u thp. *C th dng mt thng quan st phn ng ca g vi nhit nh sau: + Nhit va phi, g con s con n ung, con nm, con i li ri rc khp chung, thnh thong ct ting ku nh ht. + Nhit thp g tp trung li gn ngun nhit hoc tm ng ln nhau, chen chc run ry, cn phi iu chnh tng nhit m cho g. + Nhit cao qu g tn xa ngun nhit, nm h m, x cnh, th mnh, ung nc nhiu, cn gim bt nhit . + B gi la g nm tm li mt gc kn gi trong chung, cn che ngay hng gi la. * Thc n : Bt u cho g tp n bng ng xay, tm go trn vi thc n cng nghip (nn dng loi cm C28A ; 28B) ca hng Con c. Sau 4 - 5 ngy mi cho g n thc n cng nghip hon ton. Trong giai on ny cho g n t do, dng khay n hoc mt vnh thp cho g n. c tnh ca g l thch thc n mi nn cn cho n thnh nhiu ba trong ngy thc n lun c mi.

b. Nui g t 1 - 2 thng tui Thng thng sau 1 thng tui nu thi tit m p c th b quy, lng m v th g t do trong chung hoc ra sn chi. Nu thi tit qu lnh cn m g n khong 7 - 8 tun tui. Thi gian ny n g hay cn m nhau, trong iu kin nui cht hp, mt cao, hn ch hin tng trn cn c cc bin php sau: - Th dn cho g ra sn, vn g chy, nhy qun vic m cn nhau.. - Cho g n thm rau xanh, c ( cn ra sch rau phng bnh ). - Ct m vo tun th 7 - 8. Dng ko ct phn chp nhn ca m g. - Nhng con b m chy mu phi a nht nui ring v cm mu bng cn Iod 3% v bi xanh metylen 2% trnh rui. Thc n: giai on ny nn s dng thc n hn hp n thng ca hng con c. Nu g nui sau ny lm g dng loi C26 ; nu nui lm g tht s dng loi C29. Nu iu kin trong vng c sn ng, sn, thc ... th nn dng cm m c. Vi g tht dng loi C20 ; vi g nui lm g dng loi C25. Cch thc s dng c nh sn xut hng dn c th trn bao b. c. Nui g t 2 - 5 thng tui Sau 2 thng tui, c th th g hon ton trong sn, vn. Ty din tch sn, vn quyt nh lng g nui. Nu nui cht qu t chng d bn, g hay m yu, bnh tt. Nn nui vi mt ti a l 2 - 3 con g/ m2 sn, vn. * Giai on ny cn lu : - n u thng th 3 chn g nui lm ging ra nui ring theo ch ca g hu b sinh sn vi mc n hn ch chng hin tng g bo sm lm nh hng n nng xut sinh sn sau ny. - n u thng u thng th 5 tip tc la chn g mi gi v g trng tt lm ging, t l trng li 1 trng/ 8 -10 mi. - Nui tch ring g mi trng mi trnh g trng quy ri. Cch chn g hu b, g d, g trng trnh by phn trc, nhng con khng c chn nui sinh sn th mang nui ring bn lm thc phm. T 21 - 24 tun tui g bt u vo khi ng. Ch cho g n y khu phn, khng cn cho n hn ch na, ng thi b xung thm cc loi khong cht nht l Canxi , ADE ... g c vi to v trng. * Thc n cho g giai on ny nn dng loi cm C210 m c chuyn dng cho g ca hng Con c. T l pha trn vi cc loi thc n th khc ( ng, thc, cm go ...) c ghi trn bao b.

* Trc khi g vo cn lm mt s vic sau: - Ty giun cho g: Dng thuc Mebendazol 10% : 1 gi 2gramcho 2 - 4kg g hoc thuc Tayzu: 1 gi 4 gram cho 15 kg g. - Tim phng Vaccin nh du Gumboriffa (Php); Newcastle (Php) hoc Vaccin: Bigopest (IB - ND) nhm mc ch m bo g con mi n c khng th chng bnh Gumboro, Newcastle, IB, u trong vng 15 ngy sau khi n. c. Nui g mi G H Mng bt u n nh t 24 - 26 tun tui. Cng nh cc ging g ni khc, nu ch nui theo kiu qung canh t nhin khng ch n chn lc ging v ch chm sc nng cao trong giai on ny th g rt t v t l p n thp chnh v vy m g H Mng nui t nhin ngy cng t v c nguy c tuyt chng. nng cao sc nhm sn xut c nhiu trng ging, g con ging, cn p dng mt s bin php sau: - Sau 20 tun tui cho g n t do, thc n phi m bo 16 -17% cht m. B sung thm Canxi, Photpho, thc mm, gi u, rau xanh. - Tin hnh ghp mt con g trng vi 10 - 12 g mi to thnh mt n. Nn phn chia chung v sn thnh tng nui g theo tng n nh nh trn cho tin vic theo di v chm sc. trnh hin tng ng huyt mi nm cn thay i g trng mt ln. 2. Phng tr bnh cho g 2.1 Phng bnh Phng bnh trong chn nui gia cm cn phi p dng mt chng trnh kt hp gm an ton sinh hc - tim chng - v sinh. 2.1.1. m bo an ton v sinh khu chn nui ( vi khu chn nui ln ) - Xy dng cc khu chn nui cn cch xa, cc ging gia cm khc, cch cc khu dn c cng xa cng tt. - Xung quanh phi c hng ro ngn cch, c cng, ca ra vo phi c kim sot v cch ly vi bn ngoi. Trc mi li vo khu chn nui phi c h st trng cho ngi v xe c, thit b ra vo. Cc dng c chn nui khng c mang ra vo tu tin - Chn hng chung tri tt nht trnh nng vo ma H v chng gi rt vo ma ng. Nn xy chung theo hng ng - Nam, thit k cn m bo

thng thong. - Mi ngi ra vo khu chn nui phi st trng giy dp, qun o, chn, tay. Thay qun o sch, v trng trc khi vo. Qun o mc trong khu chn nui thng c kh trng, v sinh sch s. - Kim sot phng nga hn ch n mc thp nht s tip xc gia cc loi chim l th vt v cc loi giai cm khc th rng vo khu nui g. - Mua g ging cc c s c uy tn c bin php phng bnh tt. - Nht thit n ging m phi c tim cc loi vacxin nh: vaccin gumboro, Newscastle, IB... nu n g b m c tim vaccin nh du th n g con c truyn khng th t m qua lng trng ti g con. Khng th m truyn qua c th bo v n g con khi tip xc vi cc bnh trong vng 2 tun sau khi n. - Ngun nc cho g ung phi sch, nu cha sch phi c st trng trc khi dng. St trng bng Halamid (chloraminT) hoc bng thuc tm. Nc ra chung cng phi rt ch v n cng l ngun ly bnh. 2.1.2 Tim chng cho g Lch dng vacxin phng bnh cho g H' Mng Ngy tui 1 5 Loi vacxin s dng - Marek Phng bnh

21

- Bnh marek - Bnh Newcastle ( g - Lasota ln1 r ), - Vim Ph qun truyn nhim - Bnh VPQ truyn (IB )ln 1 nhim. - Phng bnh - Gumboro ln1 gumboro - u g - Phng bnh u g - Phng bnh - Gumboro ln 2 Gumboro - Vim ph qun truyn nhim ( - Phng Vim ph IB) ln 2 qun

28 56 120 126

Lasota ln 2 Newcastle H1 Vacxin u g ln 2 Vacxin v hot nh du phng Newcastle, Gumboro, Vim PQTN

- Phng bnh Newcastle Phng bnh Newcastle Phng bnh u g trc khi ln Phng bnh newcastle, Gumboro, vim ph qun TN

Lch dng thuc phng bnh cho g H Mng

Ngy tui Thuc dng v cch s dng - Octamix-AC - ng Glucoza - VitaminC +Bcomplex (Pha nc ung cho ung lin tc) Ung Vitamin C+ Bcomplex (Pha nc ung cho ung lin tc) Liu lng 0,5g/ lt nc 5g/ lt nc 1g/ lt nc Phng bnh Phng bnh ng rut, h hp, tng sc khng Tng sc khng chng stress sau khi tim chng Phng bnh CRD tng sc khng Chng stress tim chng Cn bng h vi khun ng rut Phng bnh cu

15

1g/ lt nc

10- 12

14

Tylosin + Multivitamin hoc Bcomplex+ C 0,5g/lt nc (Pha nc ung cho ung lin 1g/ lt nc tc) VitaminC + Bcomplex 1g/ lt nc B sung men tiu ho vo thc n ( Trn vo thc n cho g n) - ESB3 30% (ngoi) theo hng dn trn bao b. 1g/ lt nc

16 20 24-26

56

60

60 - 140

Multivitamin (Pha nc ung cho ung lin tc) Multivitamin (Pha nc ung cho ung lin tc) Piperazin hoc Amirazin ( Trn vo thc n cho g n) Ampicoli hoc oxyteracilin ( ung nh k 3 5 ngy/ thng)

trng Chng Stress do tim chng Ty giun sn Phng bch l, CRD, t huyt trng

1g/ lt nc 50g/t thc n 60-100 mg/kg th trng

i vi g nui thng phm ch nui n 12 - 14 tun ch s dng lch phng bnh n 56 ngy, khng phi tim marek lc 1ngy tui 2.1.3 V sinh kh trng, tiu c. V sinh phng bnh l bin php quan trng trong chn nui, m bo cho n g c "n sch, sch, ung sch". Nn chung v vn th phi lun kh ro, sch s, khng ao t nc ng trong khu vn th. p dng nghim ngt lch tim phng vaccine tu theo tng a phng. Ngoi ra, dng khng sinh phng mt s bnh do vi trng, c bit i vi g th nn th cn phi phng bnh cu trng khi cho xung nn v th vn. Dn sch chung g, c ra nn chung, tiu c ton b chung tri khi kt thc mi chu k nui g tht hay g . * Sau mi la nui cn: - Thu dn lt, m a ti im phn hoc bi thi. - Nn tho d v a cc thit b i c ra v st trng. Trong quy trnh nui cn: - Thng xuyn qut sn nh, tiu c cc thit b chung tri. - nh k phun cc cht chng cn trng vo cc khe, k tng, mi, trn, sn dit ht cn trng, b mt. - ng ng nc v b nc cng phi st trng thng xuyn nh k. bng Halamid (Chloramin T) vi nng 0,2 - 0,5kg. - Dng Halamid kh trng ngun nc, 3g - 5g cho 1000 lt nc (1 khi) - Tiu dit chut gm nhm, cn g, n thc n v l ngun ly lan bnh tt.

10

3. Phng v iu tr mt s bnh thng gp g 3.1. Bnh Newcastle. a) Nguyn nhn: Do virus gy nn. Bnh Newcastle cn gi l dch t g hay bnh r. L bnh nguy him v thng gp nht g, vt, ngan, ngng, gy tn tht ln trong chn nui gia cm. Bnh ly bng tip xc trc tip ngi, chut, dng c, gi thi t ni ny sang ni khc, chim t nhin mang t ni khc n, mua phi g ging mc bnh. b) Triu chng, bnh tch, chn on: * Triu trng: Bnh gy do virus chng c lc mnh c th lm g cht nhanh trong vng 3 - ngy. Triu chng bnh thng gp l g th kh khn, ho, l , phn lng trng xanh i khi ln mu, mo tm ti chn lnh. Nu ko di bnh chuyn sang th mn tnh v xut hin triu chng thn kinh u ngoo, c cng, quay vng trn. i vi g th sc gim, trng non nhiu. Khi n g b mc bnh t l cht cao, c th ti 40 - 80%. *Bnh tch: Nhn chung xut huyt ng tiu ho t ming ti hu mn. Nim mc mi, kh qun, ph qun vim, c nhiu bt kh. Chn on: Thng thng dng cch quan st triu chng v bnh tch . Nu kin th c th dng phng php phn ng huyt thanh, nui cy virus. c) Phng bnh - Tim phng y cc mi vc xin. - p dng trit cc bin php chn nui an ton sinh hc v v sinh kh trng tiu c chung tri v chm sc, nui dng tt n g thng xuyn khe mnh. d) Tr bnh: Hin nay cha c thuc iu tr bnh c hiu. Nn b sung thm Vitamin C v Vitamin nhm B, ci thin khu phn thc n c th lm gim bt t l t vong trong giai on cui dch. Hin nay mt s cng ty thuc th y trong nc c gii thiu sn phm khng th Gumboro dng phng tr cng lc cc bnh Gumboro, Newcastle, Vim kh qun truyn nhim. 3.2 Bnh cm g (Avian influenza) a) Nguyn nhn - Nguyn nhn gy bnh do virus Myxovirus.

11

- Ly bnh do tip sc vi khng kh mang virus. - Ly nhim qua trng g m nhim bnh truyn cho con. b) Triu chng - Tc ly lan nhanh, t l mc bnh 50 - 100%. - G th kh, thanh qun ph thng; dch nhy chy ra t mi, u sng, mo tm. c) iu tr: Hin nay cha c thuc c tr. G cm phi tiu hy. d) Phng bnh: Dng vaccin v cc bin php v sinh tiu c, kh trng. i vi cm A- H5N1 l chng virut c c lc cao hin c vaccin cn phi tim phng nh k. 2. 2.3 Hi chng gim : (Egg Drop Syndrome - EDS) a) Nguyn nhn Bnh gy do mt loi Adenovirus gy ra. Bnh lan truyn qua trng do g m mang trng thi siu vi trng lm ly lan phn tn bnh. b) Triu chng G ang bnh thng t nhin gim t ngt, t l gim trng ti 20 - 30% so vi bnh thng, t l gim ko di lin tc. G vn n ung bnh thng khng m cht. V trng sn si, cht lng v km. Cn phn bit vi cc bnh CRD, IB, E.coli, cng gim , v trng cng bin dng nhng g c triu chng bnh h hp, a phn long, t l cht cao. Nu c iu kin lm phn ng huyt thanh s pht hin bnh chnh xc. c) Phng tr Khng c thuc phng tr c hiu. Nn tng cng sc khng ca c th g bng cc loi vitamin v cht khong, nui dng tt: - Hanminvit (gi 100gram) pha 0,5g/ 1 lt nc ung trong 3 - 7 ngy. - B -complex (hp 30g, gi 100g) 1g/3 lt nc ung hoc trn 1 kg thc n - Multivit (l 20ml): 1ml/1kg, tim bp, di da. Dng lin tc trong 2 - 3 ngy. - Vit ADE (gi 10g): 1 gi / 100 - 200 con, dng 3 - 5 ngy. - Vit ADE - tim. Tim 0,2ml/ con. - Thc hin v sinh chung tri, mi trng, ty u chung tri, khu chn nui bng Crezin 2%, cloramin T 0,2% hng tun.

12

3.3 Bnh t huyt trng (Pasteurellosis) a ) Ng u yn n h n : Do vi trng Pasteurella multocida gy ra. Ly truyn chnh do nc ung, thc n, mt phn do chut, chim mang mm bnh n. G, g ty, chim s, ngan, vt, chim cu u mn cm vi bnh. b) Triu chn g G cht rt nhanh, lit chn, x cnh, phn trng, phn xanh hoc ln mu ti. Th bnh ko di, g th kh, chy nc mi, sng mt. T l cht ti 90 - 100%. M khm thy xut huyt ph tng, tht tm sm. Phi, gan tm, hoc gan hoi t. c) iu tr v phng bnh * Cha bnh: C th dng mt trong cc loi thuc sau: - Steptmycin l 1 gram pha vi nc tim 5 -10kg th trng. - Ampi-steptol tim 1ml/5kg. - Chlotetradexa: tim 1ml/5kg. - Genta - tylo: tim 1ml/1kg. - Genta-costrim ung 1g trn vi 1kg thc n. - K.C.N.D tim 1ml/2kg - Lincolis - plus: 1g/1,5 - 2 lt nc ung. * Phng bnh: - i vi g , g ging cn phi tim vaccin t huyt trng. - Dng cc thuc Tetrafura, Genta-costrim, Ampi-septol phng bnh vi liu bng 1/2 liu iu tr. - V sinh st trng, ngn chim, chut vo khu chn nui, chm sc nui dng tt n g. 3.4 Bnh thng hn, ph thng hn, bch l (Sanmonellosis) a) Nguyn nhn : Do 3loi vi khun Salmonella (Gallinarum, Typhimurium,Pullorum) gy nn. S.pullorum gy bnh bch l g con. Ba bnh gn ging nhau, c lin quan ti nhau nhng chng khng ng nht. Bnh ly truyn qua trng. G con n ra t trng bnh s mc bnh thng hn, bch l, a phn trng, phn xanh,t l cht cao. G, chim ct, vt, ngan v cc loi chim u b mc bnh. b) Triu chng, bnh tch * Triu chng: khi trng b nhim khun t l n thp, phi b st. G con

13

a chy phn mu trng, kh th, g cht ti 20%. g ln hn phn chuyn t trng sang vng, mt s con b qu chn km cc triu chng thn kinh. * Bnh tch: c nhiu ni hoi t mu trng gan, lch, tim, phi, thnh rut y ph ba vng. g mi, bung trng mo m, trng non mu nht trng. * Chn on: da vo triu chng bnh tch v lm phn ng huyt thanh c) iu tr v phng bnh * iu tr: - Dng Ampi - Septol ung hoc tim 1ml/5kg th trng. - Dng Genta - costrim ung 1gram/5 -10 kg th trng. Pha 1gram /1 lt nc hoc 0,5kg thc n. - Cosmix -Fort, Neo-te-sol, ESB3 30%, Costrim I, Costrim II - Dng K.C.N.D tim 1ml/2kg th trng. - Dng Hantril 10% ung hoc Hantril - 5 tim, 1ml/5kg th trng. - Chloramphenicol 10% (Hanvet sn xut), tim bp tht 1ml/4kg th trng d) Phng bnh: - Dng thuc phng bnh t ngy u g mi n. + Genta - costrim 1 gram/ 2 lt nc ung. + Ampi - Septol gi 4 gram / 2kg thc n. + Chlortetravit - C gi 5 gram/ 3 kg thc n. - Mua ga ging nhng tri an ton bnh. - Tim phng cho n g ging bng vaccin ca x nghip thuc th y TW - Dit chut v v sinh tiu c trng, l p, chung tri. 3.5 Bnh Ecoli (Colobacillosis) a) Nguyn nhn Vi khun E.colo thng c sn mi trng ngoi, khi c th gp thay i bt li, gim sc khng v d; stress kh hu, vn chuyn, khi mc bnh Gumboro, CRD, Ecoli, c iu kin gy bnh. Ly truyn ch yu do thc n, nc ung nhim bn. b) Triu chng Triu chng ca bnh rt a dng cc la tui khc nhau nhng cc triu chng in hnh thng gp l: - G a chy, phn long, c dch nhy mu trng, xanh nu hoc ln mu.

14

Phn phi do rut b hoi t. - Nu kt hp vi bnh CRD th c vim ti kh, mng tim hay vim phi nng. - Nu kt hp vi bnh khc th cng trm trng hn - M khm thy bnh tch t in hnh: gan sng bm en, nim mc rut y, mng ti kh vim. c) Phng bnh v iu tr iu tr: Dng mt trong cc thuc sau: - Chlotetradexa: tim 1ml/5kg TT - Ampicillin, Ampi-costrim, Amcoli-fort. - Genta-costrim: ung - K.N.C.D tim, Colidox - plus ung. - Neo-te-sol: ung - Trymethoxasol 24%, tim, - Cosmix - font ung. Costrim I, Costrim II d) Phng bnh: - V sinh v kh trng ngun nc ung v sinh chung tri, v sinh thc n. c bit l nc cho g ung cn c x l trc bng Halamid vi nng 3 -5g/1 khi nc. qua 24 gi sau cho g ung. - Dng vaccin c kt qu hn ch v E.coli c nhiu chng. Trn th gii, nhiu nc c cc ch phm E.coli Bartrin dng cho g con, hn ch v phng c bnh Colibactilosis. - Dng cc loi khng sinh phng bnh theo lch trnh. 1. Bnh cu k trng (Coccidiosis) a) Nguyn nhn - Bnh cu k trng gy bi k sinh trng nguyn sinh ng vt (Eimeria). g c 9 loi cu trng khc nhau: gy bnh vi triu chng khc nhau v tng on rut khc nhau. - Ly truyn ch yu qua cht thi l phn g phn tn non nang ra mi trng bn ngoi v g kho n phi. - Cu k trng (Eimeria) rt bn vng mi trng ngoi, cc cht st trng thng thng rt t c tc dng b) Triu chng, bnh tch, chn on * Triu chng: Tu theo tng chng cu trng m triu chng bnh

15

khc nhau cng nh gy bnh nhng on rut khc nhau. Nu nhm cu trng gy bnh manh trng (rut tt) l do chng E. tenella gy nn. Triu chng bnh rt in hnh, g bnh a lng, phn ln mu ti mu hoc sp hng. Bnh do chng ny gy nn tin trin rt trm trng, t l g cht cao. - Nu nhm cu trng gy bnh rut non thng do E.Maxima, E.Necatrix, E. Brunetti, E. Acervulina, bnh th nh hn; triu chng ch yu l a phn lng, gy st. M xc g cht do cu trng thy bnh tch ch yu ng rut, vch manh trng y mu hoc rut non y cht nhy mu nu. Chn on bng triu chng lm sng, bnh tch m khm hay kim tra phn tm non nang ca cu trng qua knh hin vi. c. iu tr v phng bnh * iu tr: Dng mt trong cc loi thuc sau: - Regecoccin gi 10 gram: 1 gram/ 1kg thc n - Regecoccin WS tan trong nc: 1g/ 2lt nc dng lin tc trong 5 ngy - Costrim I, Costrim II, ESB 30%, Tetrafura, Ampi - septol, Genta - costrm - Dng kt hp Hanvit K & C chng chy mu * Phng bnh: - V sinh th : nn nui g trn sn g t n phn cha mm bnh. - Gi nn chung lun lun kh ro, thng xuyn dn phn trnh ly nhim. - Dng cc thuc Rigecoccin WS, Cosmix Fort, Costrim I, Costrim II, ESB 30% phng theo nh k. - Dng vaccin n g ging v g trng. 2. Bnh giun trn a) Nguyn nhn Giun trn g c mt s ging chnh nh sau: Giun a, giun m g, giun tc, giun mt, giun kim, giun kh qun, giun diu (capillariasis). Giun ly nhim ch yu ly qua thc n, nc ung. b) Triu chng, bnh tch v chn on - Nu s lng giun nhiu g s gy yu, tng trng gim, tiu tn thc n nhiu do giun tit ra c t v chim ot mt phn dinh dng. - Tu theo v tr k sinh giun gy ra cc tc hi nh: vim diu, vim rut, a chy hoc tc rut. - M khm thy nhng loi giun c kch thc ln nh giun a, giun diu g.

16

Kim tra phn thy trng giun. c) Phng tr bnh Phng bnh ch yu bng v sinh tiu c; nng dn phn, dn chung, gi khng phn ri vo nhng mng n ung. nh k ty giun 3 thng 1 ln d) iu tr: Dng mt trong cc thuc sau: - Dng Mebendazol10% gi 2g cho4kg g (0,5 gram/1kg TT) Dng 2 ngy lin. - Levasol 7,5% tim 1ml/5 kg th trng - Tayzu: gi 4 gram dng cho 15 - 20 kg th trng 3. Bnh sn dy (Cetodiasis) a) Nguyn nhn Nhiu loi sn dy gy bnh trong ng rut ca g gy tc hi cho g la tui 1,5 thng n trng thnh. b) Triu chng Nu nhiu sn, g th hin gy yu do c t sn tit ra v sn chim ot cht dinh dng. ng thi sn dy to iu kin cho nhiu loi vi khun th pht trin nh: Salmonella, E. coli, vv.... c) Phng v tr bnh Sn dy ly truyn phi qua k ch trung gian nh kin, rui, gin, chun chun,... nn ngn cn bng cch dit cn trng nh k quanh khu chn nui. Ty sn bng: Niclosamid liu dng 0,2 gram/ 1kg TT. Dng 2 ngy lin tc - Mebendazol 10% 1 gi 2 gram/ 2kg TT. Dng 2 ngy lin tc. 4. Bnh ngoi k sinh trng a) Rn Mt s loi rn thng thy lng g, di cnh, trn c, quanh hu mn. Trng rn nm cung lng g. b) Gh Gh ornithonysus lun c thng trc g. Nhim gh nng thy g thiu mu, xut hin nhiu vy mu en thi ra xung quanh hu mn. c) Mt Argassid Mt g c nhiu vng nng m, gy bnh c bit g nht trong lng hoc g p lu ngy trong , mt g chch ht mu, vtruyn bnh xon khun (Spirochetossis)

17

d) Rui Rui gy nhim bn thc n ca g v l ngun truyn bnh nguy him * iu tr bnh k sinh trng bn ngoi iu tr bng thuc tr su. Cn ch g rt mn cm vi Dipterex, Vophatox, ln hu c ni chung. Ch cn mt lng nh ln hu c l git cht c n g. - Ch phun Dipterex nng 0,2 - 0,5% xung quanh chung hoc trong chung khi khng c g. - Lm h ct c trn cc thuc tr su nh nh Carbamat, tro bp, lu hunh. - Dit rui bng thuc Snip, Larvadex.

18