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Earthworks Diaphragm Wall Bore Piling Deep Excavation Temporary Strutting RC Works Slab &Beam
Earthworks Diaphragm Wall Bore Piling + PIC Deep Excavation Temporary Strutting
1. EARTHWORKS 1. Earthworks are engineering works created through the moving of massive quantities of soil 2. Scope excavation,cutting & filling, leveling & platforming 3. Earth shall be excavated to required level 4. Machineries used excavator, bulldozer, backhoe, dump truck
Underground structural elements commonly used for retention system & permanent wall
The construction of diaphragm wall is commenced with a 20m wide working platform
Stability Fluid
Bentonite Slurry Bentonite Slurry is used as a stability fluid during excavation. It is prepared by mixing bentonite powder with water in bentonite plant installed on site. Bentonite slurry is frequently recycled during usage and the properties of the slurry is checked prior to concreting. Mixing & Storage of Bentonite (Silo System)
The excavation is carried out using a suspended mechanical line grab mounted on heavy crawler crane, to the full required depth. The level of bentonite is kept as high as possible between the guide wall Using the grab, excavated materials are loaded on trucks and removed out from site.
When excavation is completed, the bentonite slurry shall be replaced or recycled prior to placing reinforcement cage and concreting.
Grab machine
Excavation Sequences
Steel Reinforcement (Rebar) Cage is fabricated on site and delivered by crane into the panel and lowered down into the trench. Steel cage is placed in segments in the trench and positioned on the top of the guide wall at the required location within the excavated panel length.
Rebar cage Hoisting rebar cage Lowering down rebar cage intro the trench C.U.T Pipe Penetration Recess Inside Diaphragm Wall Steel Cage CONCRETING
Special concrete mix design using 20% PFA (Pulverized Fuel Ash) + 80% OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement for Low Permeability & Low Absorption. Concreting is placed by the tremie method. Concrete is poured into the hopper and is raised from the bottom of the trench, displacing the bentonite slurry. The tremie pipe is kept immersed in the concrete at the bottom of panel to ensure fresh concrete does not mix with bentonite slurry.
Concreting of diaphragm wall panel BORED PILING Definition Cast in situ pile formed by excavating a shaft of specified size 1,500mmDia & 1,050mmDia to required depth & casting the excavated shaft with concrete of specified strength after reinforcement is lowered down. Rotary drilling machines with telescopic Kelly bars and augers Type of Auger
Kelly bars is mounted with auger Verticality of Kelly bar is checked Auger is lowered & boring commence Temporary casing is used to prevent collapse (top soil) Bentonite fluid is used to prevent collapse If hard materials encountered- other drilling tools used chiseling After reaching required depth cleaning bucket is used to clean bottom of b/hole
Installation of temporary casing Boring work in progress Drilling Using Cleaning Bucket Fabrication of steel reinforcement Steel Reinforcement Installation Concrete is discharged into the bore holes using tremie method Concreting Until Bentonite Overflow 4. Plunge-In Column
Plunge-In Column (PIC), designed exclusively to support the basement slab during excavation, are installed concurrently with the piling work at the boring platform level PIC are I beams designed to cater slab weight with max live load of 2.5 kPa in a grid of 8.5m x 9 m
Bored Piling work will commence from 1.5m below Ground Floor Level to the require bored pile depth.
Plunge In Columns (350 x 350 Universal Beam) will be installed and embedded 2m into the bored pile immediately upon the concreting of Bored Piles. Plunge-in Column ( 350 x 350 Universal Beam) Installation of Guide Frame
Installation of PIC
Column a vertical structural element that transmit through compression the weight of the structure above to other element below
Beam- a structural element placed horizontally to carry vertical loads.The loads carries by a beam are transferred to columns, wall or girder, which in turn transfer the force to adjacent structural members Slab structural member that spanning between beams, walls, girders or column
Temporary Openings
Four (4) Temporary Openings will be provided at the Lift Core Wall area for the purpose of: 1. Ventilation 2. Access for construction materials & machineries 3. Access for removal of excavated soil 4. Construction of lift pit & core wall by conventional method (bottom up)
Ground Floor slab will be cast once the Plunge In Columns were completely Installed at the particular Zone
Excavation to 1.5m below the Basement 1 slab will continue after 16 days casting of the Ground Floor Slab
Ground Monitoring Instrumentation The objectives :To monitor the effects of Deep Excavation works to Common Utility Tunnel (CUT) & Diaphragm Wall. The Methods :Settlement Marker (inside CUT, Bldg & Adjacent Pavement) Strain Gauges Standpipe Piezometer Inclinometer Settlement Points for Common Utility Tunnel (CUT)
Subsequent excavation below the Basement 3 slab level will then proceed after 16 days casting of the Basement 1 slabs. Construction of Basement 3 slabs will continue. Excavation to pilecap level will be carry out after construction of the basement 3 slab. The Basement 2 slab will construct simultaneously while excavation to the lowest Basement is in progress. Construction of the Basement 4 slabs will then continue
CONSTRUCTION OF LIFT CORE WALL (conventional method) The construction work for lift core wall & lift pit (previously temporary openings) will be done using conventional method Due to lift pit level is lower than lowest basement slab, Contiguous Bored Piles (CBP) will be installed as retaining wall to facilitate the construction of lift pits Sequence Of CBP Works
Construct CBP concurrently with the foundation bored piles from existing ground level Cast CBP until RL 12.10 which is approximately 900mm from B4 level Upon excavation until B4 level, construct 900mm thick capping beam to tie all CBP prior to the excavation for lift pit Excavate to RL 9.00 for the installation of strutting and water at RL 10.00 Upon strutting, excavate further to final excavation at RL 3.00 for the casting of raft slab and build up shear wall Remove strut before casting the remaining of B4 slab
Excavation of Lift Pits to the face of the contiguous bored piles will be carry out concurrently with the removal of excavated earth by hoisting out using cranes and buckets. Construction of Lift wall pile caps will then continue. Construction of Basement 4 columns will be carry out upon the completion of Basement 4 slabs.
Construction of Lift Pit walls will proceed to the Basement 4 level. Construction of the columns from B3 to B2 will then continue.
Construction of Lift Wall and the columns from B4 to B3 will proceed and the temporary opening will be sealed off Construction of columns from B2 to B1 will then continue.
Similarly, the construction of Lift Wall and the columns from B3 to B2 will proceed and the temporary opening will be seal off. Construction of columns from B1 to Ground Floor will continue.
Construction of Lift wall and the columns from B2 to B1 will commence and the temporary opening will be sealed off.
Construction of Lift Wall and the Columns from B1 to Ground Floor will proceed and finally temporary opening will be sealed off