Chuong 6 - Toi Uu Hoa Bang Excel

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.
HCM KHOA CNG NGH HO HC
TIN HC NG DNG TRONG

HA HC
CHNG 6: M HNH HA & TI U HA
NI DUNG
1.
GII H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH
2.
BI TON TRUYN NHIT

BI TON CHNG CT TI U HA THC NGHIM
3.
4.
1. GII H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

HPT tuyn tnh n phng trnh, n n s:
a11.x1 + a12.x2 + + a1n.xn = b1 a21.x1 + a22.x2 + + a2n.xn = b2 . an1.x1 + an2.x2 + + ann.xn = bn

Hay vit di dng ma trn: A. X = B HPT c nghim khi det A 0, khi nghim ca h xc nh theo phng php ma trn : X = A-1.B

Mt s hm trong Excel: Tnh nh thc ma trn A: MDETERM(A) Tm ma trn nghch o A-1: MINVERSE(A) Nhn 2 ma trn A-1 v B: MMULT(A-1,B)

Gii h phng trnh: 2,75X1 + 1,78X2 + 1,11X3 = 13,62 3,28X1 + 0,71X2 + 1,15X3 = 17,98 1,15X1 + 2,70X2 + 3,58X3 = 39,72 gii bng phng php ma trn

Phng php ma trn Bc 1: lp bng s liu

Phng php ma trn Bc 2: tnh det (A)

Phng php ma trn Bc 3: Tnh ma trn A-1
n ba phm ng thi Shift + Ctrl + Enter

Phng php ma trn Bc 4: Tnh nghim X
n ba phm ng thi Shift + Ctrl + Enter

Phng php ma trn Bc 5: Nhp gi tr XT v tnh BT

Phng php ma trn Bc 6: tnh BT

Phng php ma trn Bc 7: tnh X nhn kt qu nghim.

Kt qu gii bng Solver:
BI TP
1. Gii cc phng trnh sau vi chnh xc 10-5:
a. ln(8x) x 0,5 =0
b. ln (7x) 3x + 1 = 0 c. ln(6x) x 0,4 = 0 2. Gii phng trnh sau: a. x6 + 4x4 - 3x - 5 = 0 vi x thuc on [1;2] b. x5 + 5x 2 = 0 vi x thuc on [0;1]
2. BI TON TRUYN NHIT

Thnh l t c 3 lp:
Gch chu nhit dy 120 mm, h s dn nhit 0,81 W/ m.K

Gch cch nhit dy 65 mm, h s dn nhit 0,23 W/ m.K Thp chu lc dy 10 mm, h s dn nhit 45 W/ m.K Nhit l: 8000C, h s cp nhit trong l: 69,6 W/ m2.K Nhit khng kh: 350C, h s cp nhit khng kh: 13,9 W/
m2.K
Yu cu: Xc nh cc nhit b mt cc lp.

Thp chu lc Gch chu nhit
3 1 2
Gch cch nhit
1= 0,12m, 1= 0,81 W/ m.K
2= 0,065 m, 1= 0,23 W/ m.K

3= 0,01 m, 3= 45 W/ m.K
t1= 8000C, 1=69,6 W/ m2.K

t2= 350C, 2=13,9 W/ m2.K

1 1
q1=1(t1-tT1)
q2= (tT1-tT2) 1 2 q3= (tT2-tT3) 2
q4=
(tT3-tT4) 3
2
q5=2(tT4-t2)
Lu : q1 = q2 = q3 = q4 = q5 = q

a. S dng hm Goalseek Bc 1: Lp bng tnh nh sau:

a. S dng hm Goalseek Bc 2: Nhp gi tr tT1 v tnh q1

a. S dng hm Goalseek Bc 3: tnh gi tr tT2, tT3, tT4 thng qua q1

a. S dng hm Goalseek Bc 4: tnh gi tr q5 thng qua tT4 v t2

a. S dng hm Goalseek Bc 5: Lp biu thc so snh q5 vi q1

a. S dng hm Goalseek Bc 6: Thay i tT1 biu thc so snh 2%

a. S dng hm Goalseek Kt qu:

b. S dng hm Solver Bc 1: chuyn iu kin v dng h phng trnh tuyn tnh:
q1=1(t1-tT1)
q2= (tT1-tT2) 1 q3= (tT2-tT3) 2 q4= (tT3-tT4) 3 q5=2(tT4-t2) q
+1.tT1 - .tT2 + .tT3
=1.t1 =0 =0 - .tT3 + .tT4=0
1 .q- .tT1 + .tT2 2 .q 3 .q
-2.tT4 =2.t2

b. S dng hm Solver Bc 2: lp bng s liu:

b. S dng hm Solver Bc 3: nhp gi tr bin v tnh VT

b. S dng hm Solver Bc 4: gi hm Solver

b. S dng hm Solver Bc 5: ci t VT = VP

b. S dng hm Solver Kt qu nghim:
3. BI TON CHNG CT
Chng ct hn hp nc Acetic vi nng nhp liu 20% (KL), sn phm nh 95%(kl), sn phm y 0,5% (kl), ch s hi lu bng 4.
Yu cu: Xc nh s a l thuyt.
3. BI TON CHNG CT
Cc cng thc s dng:
Chuyn nng phn mol:
xA =
3. BI TON CHNG CT
Cc cng thc s dng: Phng trnh on ct: yL =
+1
+1
= 0,8x + 19,698
Phng trnh on chng: yc =

+ +1 1 x +1 w
= 1,2419x 0,3986
Phng trnh ng cn bng (xy dng t s liu thc nghim): y*=4.10-5x3-0,0106x2+1,6853x-0,5523
f = F/ D
4. TI U HA THC NGHIM
NI DUNG
4.1 PP QUI HOCH THC NGHIM 4.2 KIM TRA S TNG HP CA PTHQ 4.3 TI U HA THC NGHIM BNG EXCEL
4.1 PP QUI HOCH THC NGHIM
M hnh thc nghim ca i tng nghin cu:
Bin u vo: nng , p sut, nhit , pH,

Hm mc tiu: hiu sut, cht lng sn phm, CPSX,
Ta cn thit lp quan h: hay y = f(x1, x2,,xk) + y = f(X) +
Trin khai hm di dng chui Taylor:

k k k 2 jj xj + j=1 ji
f(x1 , x2 , . . . , xk ) = 0 +
j=1
j x j +
ij xi xj +. . .
Vi 1 i j k PTHQ thc nghim: y = f x1 , x2 , . . . , xk
1 x11 x12 x1k 1 x21 x22 x2k X= 1 xn1 xn2 xnk (n dng, k+1 ct) B tr thc nghim theo ma trn bin u vo - ra: y1 y2 Y= yn
b0 b1 Ma trn cc h s hi qui tuyn tnh c: B = bk Theo phng php bnh phng cc tiu, ta c: 1 T T T X X . B = X Y B = X X . (X T Y)
Vi: XT l ma trn chuyn v ca ma trn X (XTX)-1 l ma trn nghch ca ma trn XTX
Ma trn trc giao X c nhng tnh cht sau: + Tnh trc giao: tch v hng ca hai vect ct bt k ca X bng 0. n xim xij =0 vi j, m= 0, k i=1 + Tnh cht i xng: tng cc phn t trong mt ct bt k u bng 0. n xij =0 vi j 0. i=1
Mt vi phng php qui hoch thc nghim: + Qui hoch thc nghim yu t ton phn 2k ( k l cc yu t, n l s mc th s th nghim N = nk)
Ma trn X c thm tnh cht chun ha: n 2 xij =N vi j= 0, k i=1 + Qui hoch thc nghim yu t tng phn 2k p (p l gi tr
c trng cho tng phn)
+ Qui hoch trc giao cp 2: xy dng ma trn trc giao X bao gm ba loi th nghim: - Phn c s gm n = 2k th nghim theo qui hoch thc nghim yu t ton phn. - Phn im * gm nk = 2k im nm trn cc trc ta ca khng gian k yu t v cch tm phng n khong cch > 0. - Phn tm gm n0 (n0 1) th nghim tm phng n dng xc nh phng sai ti hin trong cng thc kim tra ngha ca cc h s hi qui. Tng s th nghim trong phng n l N = 2k + 2k + n0
Mt vi dng phng trnh hi qui: + hi qui bc 1: y = b0 +
k j=1 bj x j k j=1 bj x j k ji bij x i x j
+ hi qui bc 1 y : y = b0 +
2 ( vi Ck h s bij)
+ hi qui bc 2 y :
y = b0 +
k j=1 bj x j
k ji bij x i x j
k 2 b x j=1 jj j
4.2 KIM TRA S TNG HP CA PTHQ
Bc 1: kim tra ngha ca cc h s phng trnh hi qui bng tiu chun Student t (vi : mc ngha, = 0,05) Chn thng k: t bj =
bj sbj
Vi sbj: lch qun phng ca h s th i. Nu tbi > t(fth) th h s bi c gi li trong phng trnh hi qui.(fth = n0 1 : bc t do ti hin) Nu tbi < t(fth) th h s bi b loi khi phng trnh hi qui.
2 Phng sai sbj c xc nh theo cng thc: 2 2 s s 2 sbj = n th 2 = th i=1 x i 2 Phng sai ti hin sth : n0 1 2 sth = (yi0 yo )2 n0 1 i=1
Bc 2: kim tra s tng thch ca phng trnh hi qui
theo tiu chun Fisher: F=
s2 d s2 th 2 Phng sai sd c xc nh theo cng thc: n 1 2 sd = (yi y)2 NL
Vi L: s h s c ngha trong phng trnh hi qui. Nu F < F(, ftt, fth) th m hnh thng k ph hp vi s liu thc nghim.(ftt = N L , fth = n0 1)
i=1
4.3 TI U HA THC NGHIM BNG EXCEL
gii bi ton ti u ha thc nghim chng ta cn tin
hnh cc bc sau: + Bc 1: chn phng n tin hnh th nghim.
+ Bc 2: lp ma trn thc nghim X.

+ Bc 3: tin hnh th nghim xc nh gi tr bin u ra Y. + Bc 4: xc nh cc h s trong phng trnh hi qui. + Bc 5: nh gi phng trnh hi qui thu c. + Bc 6: xc nh ch thc nghim ti u.
Mt s hm thng dng trong ti u ha:
+ Nhn hai ma trn: MMULT(array1, array2).

+ Tnh nh thc ca ma trn: MDETERM(array). + Tnh ma trn nghch o: MINVERSE(array). + Tnh ma trn chuyn v: TRANPOSE(array). + Tnh gi tr trung bnh cc s hng: AVERAGE(number1,
number2,).
+ Tnh tng bnh phng x 2 : SUMSQ(number1, number2,)
Mt s hm thng dng trong ti u ha:
+ Tnh tng bnh phng lch (y )2 :

SUMXMY2(array_x, array_y). + Tnh lch chun ca mu STDEV(number1, number2,). + Tra chun s Student: TINV(p1, p2). + Tra chun s Fisher: FINV(, p1, p2).
n (x x)2 i=1 i
n1
Hy tm mi quan h gia hm mc tiu y v cc bin Z1, Z2,
Z3 theo m hnh trc giao cp 1 vi s liu thu c nh sau:

Bin thc 1 150 30 15 3,0 2 300 30 15 6,0 3 150 90 15 10,0 4 300 90 15 12,0 n = 2k 5 150 30 45 15,0 6 300 30 45 23,0 7 150 90 45 12,0 8 9 225 60 30 12,0 n0 = 3
10 225 60 30 13,8
11 225 60 30 13,2
Z1 Z2 Z3 y
300 90 45
18,0
Bc 1: lp 1 bng tnh excel vi cc thng tin sau:
Zj0 : mc c s. Khong bin thin Zj.
Zj0 : D2 = AVERAGE(B2:C2). Zj : E2 = (C2-B2)/2
Bc 2: chuyn i cc bin thc sang bin m ha:
G8=(C8-$D$2)/$E$2 x1= x0= 1

Bc 3: xc nh cc h s B =
1 T X X . (X T Y)
Bc 4: kim tra ngha ca cc h s hi qui:
STDEV(J16:J18)^2
TINV(0.05,2)
t bj
bj = sbj
2 sbj
2 sth n 2 x i=1 i
2 sth
2 ; sth
1 = n0 1
n0
(yi0 yo )2
i=1

PTHQ c dng: y = 12,375 + 2,375 x1 + 4,625 x3
Bc 5: kim tra s tng hp ca phng trnh hi qui:

2 sd F= 2 sth n
2 sd
1 = NL
(yi y)2
i=1
F(, ftt, fth) = F(0.05,5,2): FINV(0.05,5,2) PTHQ c dng: y = 12,375 + 2,375 x1 + 4,625 x3

Chuong 6 - Toi Uu Hoa Bang Excel

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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.

HCM KHOA CNG NGH HO HC

TIN HC NG DNG TRONG

GII H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

BI TON TRUYN NHIT

1. GII H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

a11.x1 + a12.x2 + + a1n.xn = b1 a21.x1 + a22.x2 + + a2n.xn = b2 . an1.x1 + an2.x2 + + ann.xn = bn

1. GII H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

1. GII H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

1. GII H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

1. GII H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

1. GII H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

n ba phm ng thi Shift + Ctrl + Enter

1. GII H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

n ba phm ng thi Shift + Ctrl + Enter

1. GII H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

1. GII H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

1. GII H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

1. GII H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

2. BI TON TRUYN NHIT

Gch chu nhit dy 120 mm, h s dn nhit 0,81 W/ m.K

2. BI TON TRUYN NHIT

Gch cch nhit

1= 0,12m, 1= 0,81 W/ m.K

2= 0,065 m, 1= 0,23 W/ m.K

t1= 8000C, 1=69,6 W/ m2.K

2. BI TON TRUYN NHIT

q2= (tT1-tT2) 1 2 q3= (tT2-tT3) 2

2. BI TON TRUYN NHIT

2. BI TON TRUYN NHIT

2. BI TON TRUYN NHIT

2. BI TON TRUYN NHIT

2. BI TON TRUYN NHIT

2. BI TON TRUYN NHIT

2. BI TON TRUYN NHIT

2. BI TON TRUYN NHIT

+1.tT1 - .tT2 + .tT3

=1.t1 =0 =0 - .tT3 + .tT4=0

1 .q- .tT1 + .tT2 2 .q 3 .q

2. BI TON TRUYN NHIT

2. BI TON TRUYN NHIT

2. BI TON TRUYN NHIT

2. BI TON TRUYN NHIT

2. BI TON TRUYN NHIT

Chuyn nng phn mol:

Phng trnh on chng: yc =

Phng trnh ng cn bng (xy dng t s liu thc nghim): y*=4.10-5x3-0,0106x2+1,6853x-0,5523

Bin u vo: nng , p sut, nhit , pH,

Trin khai hm di dng chui Taylor:

Vi 1 i j k PTHQ thc nghim: y = f x1 , x2 , . . . , xk

+ Bc 2: lp ma trn thc nghim X.

+ Nhn hai ma trn: MMULT(array1, array2).

+ Tnh tng bnh phng lch (y )2 :

4.3 TI U HA THC NGHIM BNG EXCEL

Z3 theo m hnh trc giao cp 1 vi s liu thu c nh sau:

Zj0 : mc c s. Khong bin thin Zj.

Zj0 : D2 = AVERAGE(B2:C2). Zj : E2 = (C2-B2)/2

4.3 TI U HA THC NGHIM BNG EXCEL

Bc 2: chuyn i cc bin thc sang bin m ha:

G8=(C8-$D$2)/$E$2 x1= x0= 1

4.3 TI U HA THC NGHIM BNG EXCEL

4.3 TI U HA THC NGHIM BNG EXCEL

4.3 TI U HA THC NGHIM BNG EXCEL