Giao An Hoa Hoc 8 Soan 4 Cot CA Nam

PHAN PHOI CHNG TRNH HOA HOC LP 8 Hoc ky 1 : 18 tuan x 2 tiet / tuan = 36 tiet Hoc ky 2 : 17 tuan x 2 tiet / tuan
= 34 tiet ----- ----Tiet 1: Chng 1: Tiet 2, 3 : Tiet 4 : Tiet 5 : Tiet 6 , 7 : Tiet 8 , 9 : Tiet 10 : Tiet l1 : Tiet 12 : Tiet 13 , 14 Tiet 15 : Tiet 16 : Chng 2 : Tiet 17 : Tiet 18 , 19 Tiet 20 : Tiet 21 : Tiet 22 , 23 Tiet 24 : Tiet 25 : Chng 3 : Tiet 26 : Tiet 27, 28 Tiet 29 : Tiet 30 , 31 Tiet 32 , 33 Tiet 34 : Tiet 35 : Tiet 36 : Chng 4 : Tiet 37 , 38 Tiet 39 : Tiet 40 : Tiet 41 : Tiet 42 , 43 Tiet 44 : Tiet 45 : Tiet 46 : Chng 5 : Tiet 47, 48 Tiet 49 : M au mon hoa hoc CHAT NGUYEN T PHAN T Chat Bai thc hanh 1 Nguyen t Nguyen to hoa hoc n chat va hp chat Phan t Bai thc hanh 2 Bai luyen tap 1 Cong thc hoa hoc Hoa tr Bai luyen tap 2 Kiem tra 1 tiet PHAN NG HOA HOC s bien oi chat Phan ng hoa hoc Bai thc hanh 3 nh luat bao toan khoi lng Phng trnh hoa hoc Bai luyen tap 3 Kiem tra 1 tiet MOL VA TNH TOAN HOA HOC Mol Chuyen oi gia khoi lng, the tch va mol luyen tap. T khoi cua chat kh . Tnh theo cong thc hoa hoc . Tnh theo phng trnh hoa hoc . Bai luyen tap 4 . On tap hoc k 1. Kiem tra hoc k 1. OXI KHONG KH. Tnh chat cua Oxi S oxi hoa Phan ng hoa hp ng dung cua oxi. Oxit. ieu che oxi- Phan ng phan huy. Khong kh S chay . Bai luyen tap 5. Bai thc hanh 4. Kiem tra viet. HYRO NC Tnh chat ng dung cua hy ro. Phan ng oxi hoa kh.
: : :
GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8
1 Giao an
Tiet 50 : Tiet 51 : Tiet 52 : Tiet 53 : Tiet 54 , 55 Tiet 56 , 57 Tiet 58 : Tiet 59 : Chng 6 : Tiet 60 : Tiet 61 : Tiet 62 , 63 Tiet 64 , 65 Tiet 66 : Tiet 67 : Tiet 68 , 69 Tiet 70 : a) b) c) d)
ieu che Hiro Phan ng the. Bai luyen tap 6 . Bai thc hanh 5 . Kiem tra viet. : Nc : Axit Ba z Muoi Bai luyen tap 7 Bai thc hanh 6 DUNG DCH Dung dch . o tan cua 1 chat trong nc. : Nong o dung dch . : Pha che dung dch . Bai luyen tap 8 . Bai thc hanh 7 . : On tap hoc k 2 Kiem tra hoc k 2. HNG DAN THC HIEN Khong them bt noi dung va khong thay oi cau truc cua chng trnh a c trnh bay trong bang phan phoi chng trnh va SGK hoa hoc . Phan ln moi bai hoc c sap xep trong 1 tiet la 45 phut, nhng bai con lai xep 2 tiet th viec ngat moi tiet do to chuyen mon thong nhat thc hien . Noi dung chng trnh SGK mi tang them thc hanh th nghiem , can khac phuc nhng kho khan e thc hien ay u cac noi dung th nghiem trong bai hoc va bai thc hanh . iem thc hanh 45 phut c lay vao tiet 34 ( HK1 ) va tiet 67 ( HK2 ) , Giao vien bo tr thi gian cho hoc sinh lam tng trnh th nghiem theo hng dan, thu cham lay iem .
Ngay soan : 22/8/ 2008 Tiet 1 : Bai 1 : I/ Muc tieu: 1. Kien thc :
M AU MON HOA HOC
2 Giao an
- Cho HS biet Hoa Hoc la khoa hoc nghien cu cac chat, s bien oi cua chat va ng dung cua chung. Hoa hoc la mon hoc quan trong va bo ch trong cuoc song. 2. Ky nang : - Ren k nang biet lam th nghiem, biet quan sat. - Ren luyen phng phap t duy, oc suy luan sang tao, lam viec tap the. 3. Thai o : - Phai co hng thu say me hoc tap, ham thch oc sach, Nghiem tuc ghi chep cac hien tng quan sat c va t rut ra cac ket luan. II/ Chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : * Dung cu : Gia ong nghiem, kep, tha lay hoa chat, ong hut. * Hoa chat: dd CuSO4, NaOH, HCl, Ca(OH)2 , inh sat nho 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc: 1) On nh tnh hnh lp: ( 1 phut) 2) KTBC :(khong) 3) Giang bai mi : * Tien trnh bai day : TG Hoat ong cua giao Hoat ong cua hoc Noi dung vien sinh 10 *H1: (HH la g?) HH co *H1:HS biet c HH I/ Hoa hoc la g? phu vai tro nh the nao co vai tro nh the 1) Th nghiem 1: t trong cuoc song cua nao trong cuoc song dd ong sun fat + dd chung ta ? Phai lam g cua chung ta ? Phai Natri hyroxt e hoc tot mon hoa lam g e hoc tot Tao ra chat mau hoc ? mon hoa hoc ? xanh khong tan trong - Nghien cu SGK, - Hng dan th nghiem nc. phat bieu vai tro cua 1 (SGK) HH trong cuoc song. (H) Nhan xet mau cua - Thc hien theo hng dd CuSO4 , dd NaOH ? dan cua GV (H)Khi cho 2 dd tren vao -dd ong sun fat: mau nhau, em co nhan xet xanh g? -dd Natri hiroxit : 2) Th nghiem 2: ( nhan xet, bo sung cho Khong mau hoan chnh) dd Axit Clohyrc + inh 10 Co chat ket tua sat phu *H2: ( Hng dan TN2) mau xanh tao ra (SGK) Tao ra chat kh t (H)Nhan xet hien Chu y cach lay hoa tng quan sat c? chat, thao tac lam TN Co chat kh bay ra, - Goi 1 HS : Thoi kh CO2 dd soi len, inh sat vao ong nghiem ng tan dan dd Ca(OH)2 va nhan xet hien tng quan sat Hoa hoc la khoa hoc c. nghien cu cac chat, (H) T cac TN a lam Nc voi trong b s bien oi chat va em hay s bo rut ra uc ng dung cua chung. nhan xet hoa hoc la g?
3 Giao an
TG 10 phu t
Hoat ong cua giao vien * H3: ( Vai tro cua HH ) (H) Ke ten cac vat dung trong gia nh c lam bang nhom, ong, chat deo (H) Ke ten cac san pham HH s dung trong nong nghiep, thu cong nghiep, cong nghiep, hoc tap, lao ong GD viec san xuat va s dung hoa chat khong hp l se gay o nhiem moi trng, anh hng ti sc khoe con ngi
Hoat ong cua hoc sinh ( Cac nhom thao luan va phat bieu)
Noi dung II/ Vai tro cua hoa hoc trong cuoc song cua chung ta.
( cac nhom thao luan va phat bieu) Hoa hoc co vai tro rat quan trong trong san xuat nong nghiep, cong nghiep, thuoc cha benh III/ Lam g e hoc tot mon hoa hoc? 1) Thu thap thong tin, x l thong tin van dung va ghi nh. 2) Phai biet lam th nghiem, co hng thu, oc suy luan, sang tao, biet chon loc noi dung *H 5 :HS oc va ghi nh phan ket luan SGK
10 phu t
( Nghien cu thong tin SGK va phat bieu )
* H4: Phng phap hoc 3 tap mon HH phu (H) Ta can lam g e t hoc tot mon HH ?
*H5: ( cung co) -oc cac t lieu bo ch ve s phat trien cua HH va cong nghe hoa chat - Ke cac mau chuyen ve hoa hoc 4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: ( 1 phut) GV gii thieu : Nganh cong nghiep hoa chat nc ta tap trung chu yeu vao 3 vung: Ha Noi, Bac Giang, Bac Ninh, Hai phong, TP Ho Ch Minh, Vnh Phuc , Phu Tho - Xem trc bai chat cua chng 1 IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
4 Giao an
Ngay soan: 26/ 8/ 2008 Tiet 2 CHNG 1: Bai 2 I/ Muc tieu : 1. Kien thc : -HS phan biet c vat the( t nhien va nhan tao), vat lieu va chat. Biet c au co vat the la o co chat. Cac vat the t nhien c hnh thanh t cac chat, con cac vat the nhan tao c lam ra t cac vat lieu ma vat lieu eu la chat hay hon hp 1 so chat. - Moi chat co nhng tnh chat vat l , tnh chat hoa hoc nhat nh. 2. Ky nang : - Biet cach quan sat, lam th nghiem, dung dung cu o e nhan ra tnh chat cua chat. Biet c ng dung cua moi chat tuy theo tnh chat cua chat, biet da vao tnh chat e nhan biet chat. 3. Thai o : - Co y thc van dung noi dung ve chat vao thc te cuoc song. II/ Chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : - Day ong, tam knh, tha lay hoa chat ong hut, en con, chen s - S , Ru Etylic, nc H 2SO4 ac, dung cu o( t o nong chay, th tnh dan ien) 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut) 2) KTBC ( 4 phut) Lam the nao e hoc tot mon hoa hoc ? *D kien tra li : HS : - Thu thap kien thc - X l thong tin, van dung, ghi nh - Vai tro cua hoa hoc trong cuoc song chung ta ? 3) Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai : GV neu muc tieu cua bai mi * Tien trnh bai day : TG 20 ph Hoat ong cua GV -H1: ( chat co au) Hang ngay ta thng Hoat ong cua HS H1: ( chat co au) Noi dung I/ Chat co au?
CHAT NGUYEN T- PHAN T

CHAT
5 Giao an
TG ut
Hoat ong cua GV tiep xuc vi nhieu vat the : gao, cu khoai, qua chuoi, may bm, bau kh quyennhng vat the nay phai la chat khong? Chat va vat the co g khac nhau? (H) Em hay quan sat va ke ten nhng vat the ma nhom a chuan b? ( GV bo sung cho ay u) -Vat the TN nh cay ma gom co nhng chat nao? -Vat the NT nh cai ban, li nha lam bang vat lieu nao ? (H) Chat co au? Hien nay ngi ta a biet c khoang 3 trieu chat khac nhau. Muon tm ra chat phai nghien cu tnh chat cac chat, da vao tnh chat cua cac chat e phan biet chat nay vi chat khac. Vay lam the nao e biet c tnh chat cua chat? -H2: (Tnh chat cua chat) - GV oc 1 so ten HH cua chat va quan sat mau chat S, H2SO4, Cu , H2O - Hng dan HS tm hieu tnh chat vat l, tnh chat HH cua S.. Ket luan - Ghi bang cac tnh chat. Chia bang lam 3 cot va cho 3 HS cua 3 nhom trnh bay.
Hoat ong cua HS
Noi dung
HS nhom ke ten - Vat the t nhien: cac vat the ( vat ( Cay ma, kh quyen ai the t nhien, vat dng) the nhan tao ) - Vat the nhan tao: ( ban ghe, li coc, cay but ) HS nhom thao luan va tra li Chat co khap ni, au co vat the la o co chat.
10 ph ut
H 2 : (Tnh chat cua chat) - Quan sat mau S ( Mau sac, trang thai, to nong chay, tnh dan ien) -HS nhom lam bai tap 4/12 SGK
II/ Tnh chat cua chat:
- Giong:Chat long. khong mau , hoa tan c nhieu chat
* Moi chat co nhng tnh chat nhat nh - Trang thai, mau sac, mui , v, tnh tan, tnh dan ien, to soi, to nong chay, khoi lng rieng goila tnh chat vat l. -Kha nang bien oi chat nay thanh chat khac goi la tnh chat hoa hoc. * Muon biet tnh chat cua chat ta phai: Quan sat, dung dung cu o, lam th nghiem.
6 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV
Hoat ong cua HS -Khac: Ru chay c, to soi cua Ru thap hn nc
Noi dung
(H) S giong nhau gia nc va con ? 9 ph ut (H) Biet c tnh chat cua chat e lam g? - GD : Cho H2SO4 ac vao manh giay Chay en
- Can than khi s dung hoa chat cho hp l.
* Biet c tnh chat cua chat e: - Phan biet chat nay vi chat khac. - Biet cach s dung cac chat - Biet ng dung chat cho thch hp.
H3/ Cung co : BT 5 -Hng dan 5/11 Quan sat 1 chat ch co the biet c ----(1)------. Dung dung cu o mi xac nh c -----(2)----- cua chat, con muon biet 1 chat co tan c trong nc, dan ien c hay khong th phai ----(3)----. (1) : 1 so tnh chat be ngoai ( the , mau ) (2) : Nhiet o nong chay, nhiet o soi, khoi lng rieng (3) : Lam th nghiem - SBT: Can c vao tnh chat nao ma : a) ong , nhom c dung lam ruot day ien , con chat deo cao su dung lam vo day ( dan ien, khong dan ien ) b) Bac dung e trang gng ( co anh kim ) c) Con dung e ot ( Chay c )
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: (1 phut) *Ra bai tap ve nha : - Hoc bai va tra li cac cau hoi SGK. *Chuan b bai sau : Xem trc muc III SGK , Moi nhom mang 1 chai nc khoang, 1 ong nc cat IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung :
7 Giao an
Ngay soan :4/9/2008 Tiet 3 Bai 2 : CHAT ( Tiep theo ) I/ Muc tieu : 1. Kien thc : - Phan biet c chat, hon hp . 1 chat ch khi khong lan chat nao khac ( chat tinh khiet ) mi co nhng tnh chat nhat nh, con hon hp th khong. - Biet c nc t nhien la hon hp, nc cat la chat tinh khiet 2. Ky nang : - Biet cach tach chat tinh khiet ra khoi hon hp bang phng phap vat l ( lang, gan, loc, lam bay hi) - Biet ren k nang quan sat, tm oc hien tng qua hnh ve - Bc au s dung ngon ng hoa hoc cho chnh xac : Chat, chat tinh khiet, hon hp II/ Chuan b: 1. Chuan b cua GV : - Hnh ve 1.4/ 10 SGK: chng cat nc t nhien Moi nhom chai nc khoang co ghi thanh phan tren nhan, ong nc cat, coc thuy tinh bnh nc chen s, e un, en con ua khuay, muoi an 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut) 2)KTBC ( 4 phut) Hay neu nhng bieu hien c coi la tnh chat cua chat? ( lay muoi an lam v du ). V sao noi moi chat co tnh chat nhat nh? - Hieu biet tnh chat cua chat co li g? * D kien HS tra li : Phan biet c chat nay vi chat khac, biet cach s dung chat, biet ng dung chat thch hp trong i song va san xuat 3)Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai: (1/ ) Bai hoc trc a giup ta phan biet c chat, vat the. Giup ta biet moi chat co nhng tnh chat nhat nh. Bai hoc hom nay giup ta ro hn ve chat tinh khiet va hon hp * Tien trnh bai day : TG Hoat ong cua GV Hoat ong cua HS Noi dung 15 * H1 : Chat tinh khiet * H1 : Chat tinh khiet III/ Chat tinh ph khiet: Cho HS quan sat chai nc Sinh hoat theo nhom, ut khoang va ong nc phat bieu 1) Hon hp: cat Gom nhieu chat
8 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV (H) Hay neu thanh phan cac chat co trong nc khoang ( ghi tren nhan chai ) - Nc khoang la nguon nc trong t nhien. Hay ke cac nguon nc khac trong t nhien ? (H) V sao nc khoang khong dc dung e pha che thuoc tiem hay s dung trong PTN ? Nc t nhien la hon hp, Hieu the nao ve hon hp ? - Nc song , suoi, ao eu la nhng hon hp, nhng chung eu co thanh phan chung la nc. Co cach nao tach c nc ra khoi nc t nhien khong ? ( pha dung phng phap chng cat nc - treo hnh ve 1 . 4 / SGK ) - Nc thu c sau khi cat goi la nc cat . Nc cat la chat tinh khiet, em hieu nh the nao ve chat tinh khiet? - Lam the nao e khang nh nc cat la chat tinh khiet? (H)Chat nh the nao mi co nhng tnh chat nhat nh ? *H 2 tach chat khoi hon hp (H) Tach rieng tng chat trong hon hp nham muc ch g? Muon tach rieng tng chat ra khoi hon hp nc muoi ta lam the nao ? ( GV co the gi y: muon lay muoi an t nc bien ta lam the nao? ) GV : Gii thieu hoa cu, hng dan cah thc hien tach muoi an ra khoi hon hp nc muoi.
Hoat ong cua HS
Noi dung tron lan vao nhau.
( Nc t nhien: song, ho , suoi bien)
v co nhieu chat tron lan.
Chu y hnh ve theo hng dan cua GV Nc long hi nc, chuyen qua ong sinh han, ngng tu nc long( goi la nc cat)
2) Chat tinh khiet : khong co lan chat nao khac Chat tinh khiet mi co nhng tnh chat nhat nh
15 ph ut
HS nhom thao luan , phat bieu sau o oc IV/ Tach chat ra SGK phan 2 / 10 *H 2 tach chat khoi khoi hon hon hp hp:
HS nhom thao luan , * Da vao s khac phat bieu nhau ve tnh chat vat l ,ta se co phng phap thch HS chu y va thc hp e tach rieng 1 chat ra khoi hon hien theo hng dan. ( TN un nong hon hp hp. nc muoi ) Da vao tnh chat vat l cua cac chat khac nhau
9 ph ut
9 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV Hoat ong cua HS (H) Da vao tnh chat nao cua chat ma ta co the tach chat ra khoi hon hp ? ( to soi cua muoi: 1450oC ) Ket luan : Da vao tnh chat vat l khac nhau co the tach rieng cac chat HS tra li : ra khoi hon hp . Loai nc uong tot hn la : nc khoang H3: Cung co - BT 7 trang 11 : a) Gia nc khoang va nc cat co : 2 tnh chat giong HS tra li : nhau, 2 tnh chat khac bang cach ( Hoa long nhau . b) Loai nc khong kh roi nang uong tot hn la : nc nhiet o cua khong kh en 196oC , Ni t khoang - BT 8 trang 11 : Tach long soi va bay len rieng kh Oxi va kh Ni t trc , ennhiet o t khong kh bang cach ( 183oC th Oxi mi soi Hoa long khong kh roi Tach c 2 kh nang nhiet o cua o khong kh en 196 C , Ni t long soi va bay len trc , ennhiet o 183oC th Oxi mi soi Tach c 2 kh .
Noi dung
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: ( 1 phut) * Ra bai tap ve nha: - SBT: Cau sau ay co 2 y noi ve nc cat : Nc cat la chat tinh khiet, soi 102oC A. Ca 2 y eu ung ; B. Ca 2 y eu sai ; C. Y 1 ung, y 2 sai ; D. Y 1 sai , y 2 ung * Chuan b bai sau: - oc trc noi dung bai thc hanh, chuan b cach thc hien the nao e tach rieng chat t hon hp cat va muoi an . IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung :
10 Giao an
Ngay soan : 5 / 9 / 2008 Tiet 4: Bai 3 : BAI THC HANH SO 1 :
TNH CHAT NONG CHAY CUA CHAT TACH CHAT T HON HP

I/ Muc tieu : 1. Kien thc : - HS lam quen va s dung mot so dung cu trong phong th nghiem - Nam c noi qui va mot so qui tac an toan trong phong th nghiem -Thc hanh so sanh nhiet o nong chay cua 1 so chat, qua o thay c s khac nhau ve nhiet o nong chay cua 1 so chat . 2. Ky nang : - Biet cach tach rieng chat t hon hp . II/ Chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : 1) Dung cu : 2 ong nghiem, gia , nhiet ke, 1 coc thuy tinh 250cc , 1 coc thuy tinh 100 cc , chen s , kieng, en con, pheu, giay loc, ua thuy tinh, tha lay hoa chat , bnh nc . 2) Hoa chat : Lu huynh , Parafin , muoi an lan cat . 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1. On nh tnh hnh lp : - Kiem tra s so hoc sinh 2. Kiem tra bai cu : 5 - Neu phng phap tach chat ra khoi hon hp
11 Giao an
* D kien HS tra li : Ta co the da vao s khac nhau ve tnh chat vat ly cua chat e tach rieng mot chat ra khoi hon hp 3. Giang bai mi : * Giao thieu bai : GV gii thieu bai thc hanh * Tien trnh bai day : TG 20 Hoat ong cua GV Hoat ong 1 : GV hng dan at hai ong nghiem co cha bot lu huynh va parafin vao coc nc - un nong coc nc bang en con - at nhiet ke Theo doi nhiet o ghi tren nhiet ke va nhiet o nong chay - Khi nc soi th lu huynh a nong chay cha - Qua cac th nghiem, em hay rut ra nhan xet chung ve nhiet o nong chay cac chat Hoat ong 2 : GV hng dan HS tien hanh th nghiem theo 02 bc sau : - Cho vao coc thuy tinh 3g hon hp muoi an va cat. Rot vao coc vao 5ml nc sach khuay eu e muoi tan het. at pheu vao ong nghiem va rot nc muoi t t vao pheu ua thuy tinh . Quan sat - un nong phan nc loc tren ngon la en con. - Em hay so sanh chat ran thu c ay ong nghiem vi hon hp ban au Hoat ong 3 : GV hng dan HS lam tng trnh theo mau TT MTN HTQS KQTN Hoat ong cua HS Hoat ong 1 : Hoc sinh hng dan lam theo hng dan cua GV HS phan lam 4 nhom HS lam theo hng dan cua GV - Theo doi th nghiem va rut ra nhan xet parafin nong chay 420C - Khi nc soi 1000C lu huynh cha nong chay lu huynh nhiet o nong chay hn 1000C - Cac chat khac nhau co nhiet o nong chay khac nhau Noi dung Th nghiem 1 : - Theo doi s nong chay cua cac chat parafin va lu huynh
Parafin nong chay 420C - Lu huynh co nhiet o nong chay ln hn 1000C
15
Hoat ong 2 : HS lam th nghiem cac nhom nhan xet - Chat long chay xuong ong nghiem la dung dch trong suot - Cat c gi lai tren mat giay
Th nghiem 2 : Tach rieng chat t hon hp muoi an va cat
Chat ran thu c la muoi an sach ( tinh khiet) khong con lan cat
- Chat ran thu c la muoi an sach (tinh khiet) khong con lan cat
Hoat ong 3 : HS viet tng trnh th nghiem - HS thu don dung cu -
12 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV GV yeu cau HS viet tng trnh th nghiem
Hoat ong cua HS lam ve sinh
Noi dung
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : Ve nha chuan b trc bai Nguyen t IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
Ngay soan: 8 / 9 / 2008 Tiet 5 : Bai 4 : NGUYEN T I/ Muc tieu : 1. Kien thc : - HS biet c nguyen t la hat vo cung nho trung hoa ve ien va t o tao ra moi chat . Nguyen t gom hat nhan mang ien tch dng va vo tao bi electron mang ien tch am. Electron k hieu la e co ien tch am nho nhat, ghi dau ( - ) . - Biet c hat nhan tao Proton va Ntron. Proton co k hieu la p mang ien tch dng ( +) . Ntron khong mang ien , nhng nguyen t cung loai co cung so p trong hat nhan . Khoi lng hat nhan c coi la khoi lng cua nguyen t . - Biet c trong nguyen t , so p = so e . Electron luon chuyen ong va sap xep thanh tng lp, nh e ma nguyen t co kha nang lien ket c vi nhau . II/ Chuan b: 1. Chuan b cua GV : - S o minh hoa thanh phan cau tao cua 3 nguyen t nh SGK va s o nguyen t N , P , K - HS xem lai phan S lc ve cau tao nguyen t vat l lp 7 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc :
13 Giao an
1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut ) 2) KTBC : ( 4 phut ) Neu 2 v du ve vat the t nhien, vat the nhan tao ? * D kien tra li : Vat the t nhien : Song, suoi, kh quyen Vat the nhan tao : Ban, ghe, sach, v 3) Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai (1/) Ta biet moi vat the t nhien hay nhan tao eu c tao ra t chat nay hay chat khac . Ngha la co cac chat mi co vat the . The con cac chat t au ma co ? * Tien trnh bai day : TG Hoat ong cua giao Hoat ong cua hoc Noi dung vien sinh 10 * H1: Nguyen t la * H1: Nguyen t 1/ Nguyen t la phu g la g g? t Dung phng phap am -oc thong tin 1 SGK va thoai e HS thay c tra li nguyen t la hat vo Neu xep hang. Mi Nguyen t la hat cung nho, trung hoa ve dai c nh the vo cung nho, trung ien , t o tao ra moi hoa ve ien, t chat -Quan sat s o cau tao o tao ra cac - Ta hay hnh dung nguyen t H, O , Na a chat . nguyen t nh 1 qua ra nhan xet : cau cc k nho be, Hat ng knh c 10-8cm nhan yeu cau HS oc SGK . Nguyen t Nguyen t gom - Trung hoa ve ien y Vo hat nhan mang ien noi trong NT phai co 2 tch dng va vo phan : 1 phan mang ien tao bi nhng dng , 1 phan mang ien electron mang ien am va chung co gia Proton tch am . tr tuyet oi bang nhau. Hat nhan Ch co hn 100 NT Ntron nhng a tao ra hang 20 trieu chat phu (H) T nhng van e t tren em co nhan xet g * H2. Hat nhan ve nguyen t ? nguyen t 2/Hat nhan Dung hnh ve s o nguyen t : nguyen t Neon * H2. Hat nhan - HS lang nghe. nguyen t -Hat nhan tao bi (H) hat nhan nguyen t proton va ntron. c tao nen t nhng - Proton k hieu la p hat chu yeu nao? mang ien tch dng -Gii thieu cac loai hat - Ntron k hieu la n trong nguyen t va ghi khong mang ien . bang -HS tra li : Ve hat nhan ch noi P , n co cung khoi en so p ma khong cho lng : -Trong moi nguyen -24 biet so n la v cung so mp = 1,6726. 10 (g) t so p = so e p la dau hieu ac trng mn= 1,6748 . 10-24 (g) cua moi loai nguyen t , da vao dau hieu
14 Giao an
TG
7ph ut
Hoat ong cua giao vien nay e N ve NTHH. - Nguyen t trung hoa ve ien 1 proton mang 1 ien tch dng, 1 electron mang 1 ien tch am . (H) Quan he gia so lng p va e nh the nao e nguyen t luon trung hoa ve ien ? - Bang nhieu th nghiem ngi ta a chng minh c 99% khoi lng tap trung vao hat nhan , ch con 1% la khoi lng cac hat e . Co the coi khoi lng hat nhan la khoi lng cua nguyen t hay khong ? Yeu cau HS oc SGK phan 3/ 14 - Dung s o Mg, K ( e trong cac loai hat) ket hp s o cau tao nguyen t . - e tao ra chat nay, cac nguyen t phai lien ket vi nhau. Nh au ma cac nguyen t lien ket c vi nhau ? Biet so p so e : Trong HH ta phai quan tam en s sap xep cua so e nay.
Hoat ong cua hoc sinh -HS tra li:
Noi dung
me= 9,1095 . 10-28(g)
-Khoi lng hat nhan c coi la khoi lng cua nguyen t ( v m e qua be) 3/ Lp electron: Trong nguyen t electron luon chuyen ong rat nhanh quanh hat nhan va sap xep thanh tng lp.
H 3 : -HS tra li : so e ngoai cung cua cac nguyen t H, O, He, Al , Ca la : 1 ; 6 ; 2 ; 3 ; 2 -HS tra li : Nguyen t tao thanh t 3 loai hat : p ( + ) , e( ),n Nguyen t cung loai co cung so p trong hat nhan .
* H 3 : ( Cung co ) BT1- Cho biet so e ngoai cung cua cac nguyen t H, O, He, Al , Ca BT2- Nguyen t c tao thanh t 3 loai hat c ban nao ? Hay noi ten , k hieu va ien tch cua cac hat mang ien ? Nhng nguyen t cung loai co cung so hat nao trong hat nhan 4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc tiep theo (2phut). * Ra bai tap ve nha - Lam cac bai tap 2 , 3 , 4,5 SGK / 15 - oc bai oc them trang 16 SGK. * Chuan b bai sau: - Chuan b trc bai 5 : Nguyen to hoa hoc.
15 Giao an
IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
Ngay soan : 18 /9 / 2007 Tiet 6 : Bai 5 I/ Muc tieu : 1. Kien thc :
NGUYEN TO HOA HOC
16 Giao an
Hieu c NTHH la tap hp nhng nguyen t cung loai , co so proton trong hat nhan Biet c k hieu hoa hoc dung e bieu dien nguyen to, moi k hieu ch con 1 nguyen t cua nguyen to o Biet cach ghi va nh c k hieu cua nhng nguyen to a cho biet trong bai 4, 5 ( Ke ca phan bai tap ) Biet c thanh phan khoi lng cac nguyen to trong vo trai at la khong ong eu va oxi la nguyen to pho bien nhat Hieu c nguyen t khoi la khoi lng cua mot nguyen t tnh bang n v cacbon (vc) ; moi vc = 1/12 khoi lng cua nguyen t C ; moi nguyen to co nguyen t khoi rieng biet 2. Ky nang : Viet k hieu hoa hoc , biet s dung thong tin, t lieu e phan tch , tong hp , giai thch van e Biet da vao bang 1 trang 42/SGK e Tm k hieu va nguyen t khoi khi biet ten nguyen to
Xac nh c ten va k hieu cua nguyen to khi biet nguyen t khoi ; Ren luyen k nang tnh toan 3. Thai o : - Tao hng thu hoc tap bo mon II/ Chuan b: 1. Chuan b cua GV : - Ong nghiem ng 1 g nc cat - Tranh ve H 1.8 trang 19 SGK ; Bang 1/42 SGK 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/Hoat ong day hoc: (Tiet 1 : Muc I , III) 1) On nh tnh hnh lp (1 phut) 2) KTBC: ( 4 phut) 1) Nguyen t co cau tao the nao . V sao noi nguyen t trung hoa ve ien ? HS tra li : Nguyen t gom hat nhan mang ien tch dng va vo tao bi mot hay nhieu electron mang ien tch am 2) Nhng nguyen t cung loai co cung so hat nao trong hat nhan ? V sao khoi lng hat nhan c coi la khoi lng nguyen t ? 3) Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai : e hieu ro nguyen to hoa hoc la g, chung ta cung tm hieu bai mi hom nay. * Tien trnh bai day : TG 15 phu t Hoat ong cua giao vien H1 :(Nguyen to HH la g) Yeu cau hoc sinh oc SGK phan 1 trang 17 - Cho HS xem 1g nc cat va at cau hoi : (H)Trong1g nc co nhng loai nguyen t Hoat ong cua hoc Noi dung sinh - oc SGK t au I/Nguyen to hoa NTHH kia hoc la g? 1/nh ngha - Thao luan va tra li 2 loai nguyen t Hyro
17 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua giao vien nao ? (H) So nguyen t tng loai la bao nhieu ? (H) Neu lay 1 lng nc ln hn na th so nguyen t hiro , oxi nh the nao ? GV: e ch nhng nguyen t cung loai ta dung t Nguyen to hoa hoc . Vay nguyen to hoa hoc la g ? * S dung bang 1 /43 (H) oc ten nhng nguyen t co so p la: 8,13 , 20 , 26 (H) Hay neu so p co trong hat nhan cua nguyen t Magie , Photpho , Brom ?
Hoat ong cua hoc sinh - Oxi
Noi dung
-Phat bieu nh ngha SGK -Nguyen to hoa hoc la tap hp nhng nguyen t cung loai co cung so proton trong hat nhan
-Xem bang 1/43 va tra li : Oxi , Nhom ,Canxi , Sat -Nhom HS trao oi va phat bieu 12 ; 15 ; 35 So P la so at trng cua mot NTHH Lam bai tap 1/20
-So p la so ac trng cua 1 nguyen to hoa hoc .
(H) oi vi mot nguyen to so Proton 7 co y ngha the nao ? phu -lam the nao e trao t oi vi nhau ve nguyen to mot cach ngan gon ma ai cung hieu H2: (K hieu hoa hoc) oc cau au tien trong phan 2/17 SGK (H) Nhan xet g ve cach viet k hieu hoa hoc cua nguyen to co so p la: 8 ; 6 ; 15 ; 20 ? Phan biet cach viet C, Ca 8 (H)Hay oc so nguyen phu t khi nhn vao cac k t hieu hoa hoc tren ? (H)Lam the nao e bieu dien: 3 nguyen t oxi , 5 nguyen t sat *H4 Co bao nhieu nguyen to hoa hoc ) Yeu cau hoc sinh nghien cu phan III trang 19 SGKs dung hnh 1.8 (H)- Hien nay a biet
2/ K hieu hoa hoc : -Nhom tham khao bang 1/42 va lam bai tap 2/20 K hieu hoa hoc bieu dien nguyen to va bieu dien 1 nguyen t cua nguyen to
-Trao oi va tra li -3 nguyen t oxi : 3O -5nguyen t sat : 5Fe Lam bai tap 3/20 H4: Tham khao phan III; hnh ve 1.8 nghe va tra li -Tren 110 nguyen to - Phan bo khong eu -Oxi chiem 49,4% -C , H , O , N -Oxi la nguyen to pho bien nhat (49,4%) III/ Co bao nhieu nguyen to hoa hoc : -Co tren 110 nguyen to
18 Giao an
TG
8 phu t
Hoat ong cua giao Hoat ong cua hoc vien sinh c bao nhieu nguyen to ? - s phan bo HS tra li trong phieu nguyen to trong vo hoc tap trai at nh the nao ? -Nhan xet % khoi lng nguyen to oxi ? -Ke ten cac nguyen to thiet yeu cho sinh vat ? H5 (Cung co :) - BT1 ( Phieu hoc tap) ( Phieu hoc tap) cho biet so proton trong hat nhan nguyen t 1 so nguyen to sau : Nguyen to So p A 3 Li B 10 Ne C 11 Na D 15 P
Noi dung
E 19 K
a/ Viet ten va k hieu hoa hoc cua moi nguyen to b/ Biet rang trong nguyen t cac e co lp 1 toi a la 2e; lp 2 la 8e Hay mo ta cac lp e trong nguyen t 5 nguyen to tren c/ Nhng nguyen t nao co cung so lp e , co cung so e lp ngoai cung - Li , Ne : cung co 2 lp e ; Na , P : cung co 3 lp e - Li , Na , K : cung co 1 e lp ngoai cung 4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau:( 2 phut ) - Hoc k bai phan I phan III,lam bai tap 1,2 SGK - Chuan b tiep phan II : Nguyen T Kho V/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung :
19 Giao an
Ngay soan :21 / 9 / 2007 Tiet 7 Bai 5 :
NGUYEN TO HOA HOC ( Tiep theo )
I/ Muc tieu : 1. Kien thc : - Biet cach ghi va nh c k hieu cua nhng nguyen to a cho biet trong bai 4, 5 ( Ke ca phan bai tap ) - Hieu c nguyen t khoi la khoi lng cua mot nguyen t tnh bang n v cacbon (vc) ; moi vc = 1/12 khoi lng cua nguyen t C ; moi nguyen to co nguyen t khoi rieng biet - Viet k hieu hoa hoc , biet s dung thong tin, t lieu e phan tch , tong hp , giai thch van e . 2. Ky nang : Biet da vao bang 1 trang 42/SGK e Tm k hieu va nguyen t khoi khi biet ten nguyen to Xac nh c ten va k hieu cua nguyen to khi biet nguyen t khoi ; Ren luyen k nang tnh toan 3. Thai o : - Tao hng thu hoc tap bo mon II/ Chuan b: 1. Chuan b cua GV : - Tranh ve H 1.8 trang 19 SGK ; Bang 1/42 SGK 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/Hoat ong day hoc: (Tiet 2 - Muc II )
20 Giao an
1) On nh tnh hnh lp (1 phut) 2) KTBC: ( 5 phut) - Viet k hieu hoa hoc cac nguyen to : Kali , Sat , Bac , Nit , Clo ? - Cac cach viet : 3Al , 4Ca , 5O , P , 2S lan lt ch y g ? HS tra li : 3Al : Ch ba nguyen t nhom ; 4Ca : Ch bon nguyen t canxi 3) Giang bai mi : Gii thieu bai :Khoi lng thc cua 1 nguyen t rat nho ( Yeu cau oc SGK trang 18) . Khoi lng cua 1 nguyen t C = 1,9926.10 -23g so tr nay qua nho khong tien s dung. Do o trong khoa hoc dung cach rieng e bieu th khoi lng cua nguyen t. o la noi dung cua bai hoc hom nay . * Tien trnh bai day :
21 Giao an
TG 24ph ut
Hoat ong cua giao vien * H1 ( nguyen t khoi) (H) n v cacbon co khoi lng bang bao nhieu khoi lng nguyen t C ? viet C=12 vC ; Ca = 40 vC ngha la g? - Cac gia tr khoi lng nay ch cho biet s nang nhe gia cac nguyen t. Cho Mg= 24 ; Cu = 64. Hay so sanh xem nguyen t Mg nhe hn bao nhieu lan so vi nguyen t Cu ? Khoi lng tnh bang vC ch la khoi lng tng oi gia cac nguyen t ngi ta goi khoi lng nay la nguyen t khoi. (H) Nguyen t khoi la g ?
Hoat ong cua hoc Noi dung sinh oc SGK trang 19 II/ Nguyen t khoi : Ngi ta qui c----n v cacbon Thao luan va phat - 1 n v cacbon(vC) bieu bang 1/12 khoi lng nguyen t cacbon.
HS lam bai tapva tra li : Mg nhe hn Cu va nang bang 24 / 64 =0,375 ( lan)
HS phat bieu va ghi nhan
* Nguyen t khoi la khoi lng cua 1 nguyen t tnh bang n v cacbon (vC) Moi nguyen to co 1 nguyen t khoi rieng biet
10 phu t
Tra li : Fe=56 ; S (H) Hay cho biet NTK =32 , Zn= 65 ; Na = 23 ; va k hieu cua Al = 27 nguyen to Sat, Lu huynh, Kem , Natri, Thao luan va tm ket nhom qua : Nguyen t Mg : hn bang * H2: (Van dung , -Nang 24/12=2 lan nguyen cung co) ) (H) Hay so sanh t C hn bang nguyen t Mg nang -Nhe 24/32=3/4 lan nguyen hay nhe hn bao nhieu t S lan so vi : -Nhe hn bang a/ Nguyen t C 24/27=8/9 lan nguyen b/ Nguyen t S t Al c/ Nguyen t Al
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: ( 5phut ) - Hoc k bai phan II, lam bai tap 5,6,7,8 trang 20 SGK - Chuan b bai n chat, hp chat, phan t IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung : .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... Ngay soan: 23/ 9 / 2007 Tiet 8 :
22 Giao an
Bai 6 :
N CHAT - HP CHAT - PHAN T
I/ Muc tieu : 1. Kien thc : - Hieu c n chat la nhng chat tao nen t mot nguyen to hoa hoc , hp chat la nhng chat tao nen t hai nguyen to hoa hoc tr len - Phan biet c dn chat kim loai ( co tch chat dan ien , dan nhiet ) va phi kim . - Biet c mot trong man chat ( ca n chat va hp chat ) cac nguyen t khong tach ri ma eu co lien ket vi nhau hoac sap xep lien sat nhau . 2. Ky nang : - Biet s dung thong tin , t lieu e phan tch , tong hp giai thch van e s dung ngon ng hoa hoc cho chnh xac : n chat , hp chat . II/ Chuan b: 1. Chuan b cua GV : Hnh ve minh hoa cac mau chat : kim loai ong ( H1.10) ; kh Oxi ; kh Hiro ( H1.11) ; Nc ( H1.12) ; Muoi an (H1.13) SGK 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut) 2) KTBC : ( 6 phut) 1. nh ngha nguyen t khoi la g? HS tra li : Nguyen t khoi la khoi lng cua nguyen t tnh bang n v cacbon. Moi nguyen t co nguyen t khoi rieng biet 3) Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai : ta a biet cac chat c tao nen t nguyen t ma moi loai nguyen t lai la mot NTHH . Vay ta co the noi : Chat c tao nen t NTHH co c khong ? Tuy theo , co c tao nen t 2 hay 3 nguyen to ; co chat ch tao nen t mot nguyen to . Da vao o , ngi ta phan loai chat . * Tien trnh bai day : TG 13 Phu t Hoat ong cua giao vien H1.( n chat la g)Kh Hiro , Lu huynh, Natri , Nhom eu c tao nen t mot NTHH tng ng la H , S , Na , Al Chung c goi la n chat (H) Em hieu the nao ve n chat ? (H) Ke ten mot so kim loai va neu tnh chat vat ly chung cua chung ? Cac Hoat ong cua hoc sinh H 1 : Noi dung
I/ n chat 1. n chat la g ? - n chat la nhng chat tao nen t mot nguyen to hoa oc phan 1 SGK t hoc kh Hirokim cng - V du : Kh Oxi , Natri na roi thao luan , , Nhom phat bieu
23 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua giao vien kim loai o do NTHH nao tao nen ? o la cac n chat kim loai ; con nhng n chat khac nh : kh Oxi , Lu huynh , Cacbon La n chat phi kim * S dung H 1.10 minh hoa tng trng mot mau kim loai Cu * S dung H1.11 minh hoa mau kh Hiro kh Oxi (H) Nhan xet ve hai mau n chat nay ?
Hoat ong cua hoc sinh
Noi dung
2. ac iem cau tao : - n chat kim loai cac nguyen t sap xep kht nhau va theo -Quan sat hnh ve , mot trat t xac thao luan va phat nh bieu . Sau o oc SGK - n chat phi kim - Quan sat hnh ve , cac nguyen t thao luan , phat thng lien ket vi bieu.Sau o oc SGK nhau theo mot so nhat nh va thng la 2 H 2 : Lam bai SGK
15 Phu t
9 phu t
H2 : ( Hp chat la g? ) - Nc do NTHH ( H va O) ; Muoi an do NTHH ( Na , Cl ) ; Axit Sunfuric do (H, S, O ) cac chat neu tren goi la hp chat ? ( H) Co may loai NTHH trong tng chat ? Hieu the nao ve hp chat ? * Cac chat ke tren la hp chat vo c * cac chat metan , ng ( C , H , O ) la hp chat hu c * S dung H1.12 , 1.13 (H) Nhan xet ve cach sap xep nguyen t cua cac nguyen to ve ty le ? Ve th t H3: (Cung co) 1- Hay chep cac cau sau ay vao v bai tap vi ay u cac t thch hp : ( Bai tap 1/25 SGK )
tap
2/25 II/ Hp chat : 1. Hp chat la g ? - Hp chat la nhng chat tao nen t 2 nguyen to hoa hoc phat tr len
-Thao bieu
luan
2. ac iem cau tao : - Trong hp chat , nguyen t cua cac -Lam bai tap 3/27 nguyen to lien ket SGK nhau theo mot ty le va mot th t nhat nh - Quan sat , thao luan , phat bieu - HS tra li :
2- Trong cac chat sau ay chat nao la n chat, hp chat : Axit Photphoric do 3 nguyen to la H , P , O tao nen Kim cng do nguyen to cacbon tao nen 4)Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: ( 1 phut ) ( Hp chat ) Axit Cacbonic do 3 nguyen to la H , C , O tao nen ( Hp chat) ( n chat)
24 Giao an
Lam cac bai tap 2 ; 3 trong SGK trang 26 Chuan b tiep phan III : Phan t IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
Ngay soan: 28/9/2007 Tiet 9 Bai 6 : N CHAT , HP CHAT PHAN T ( t.t) I/ Muc tieu : 1. Kien thc : - Hieu c phan t la hat gom mot so nguyen t lien ket vi nhau va the hien ay u tnh chat hoa hoc cua chat . Cac phan t cua mot chat th ong nhat vi nhau . Phan t khoi la khoi lng cua phan t tnh bang vC- Biet cach xac nh phan t khoi - Biet c mot chat co the ba trang thai . the hi , cac hat hp thanh rat xa nhau 2. Ky nang : - Ren luyen ky nang tnh toan va biet s dung hnh ve , thong tin e phan tch Giai quyet van e . II/ Chuan b: 1. Chuan b cua GV : Hnh ve ( H1.14) s o ba trang thai ran , long , kh cua chat 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp ( 1 phut) 2)KTBC ( 6 phut)
25 Giao an
- n chat la g? Hp chat la g ? Cho v du ? HS tra li : n chat la nhng chat tao nen mot nguyen to hoa hoc VD : n chat kh hidro Hp chat : la nhng chat tao nen t hai nguyen to hoa hoc tr len VD : Hp chat nc 3) Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai : Ta a biet co hai loai chat : n chat va hp chat . Du la n chat hay hp chat cung eu do cac hat nho cau tao nen . Cac hat nho o a the hien ay u tnh chat hoa hoc cua chat . Ngi ta goi cac hat nho o la g * Tien trnh bai day : TG 18 Phu t Hoat ong cua giao vien * H1 ( Phan t la g? ) Nhng hat gom mot so nguyen t lien ket nhau goi la phan t . S dung H1.9 ; 1.10 ; 1.11 ; 1.13 ( H ) Hay cho biet au la phan t : ong , kh Oxi , Nc , Muoi an ? Phan t cua moi chat gom nhng nguyen t nao lien ket nhau ? - GV lu y : Trong kim loai moi phan t ong ch la mot nguyen t noi chung cho cac kim loai ( H ) Theo cac em , cac phan t nc co giong het nhau khong va giong ve g ? ( H ) Cung nh nguyen t khoi , hay nh ngha phan t khoi . Lam cach nao e tnh c phan t khoi cua nc , kh Oxi , Muoi an ? 5 Phu t ( H ) Bai tap 6/26 SGK . Hoat ong cua hoc sinh H 1 : - Nhom thao luan va phat bieu . oc SGK phan1 (III) . Noi dung III/ Phan t : 1. nh ngha : - La hat ai dien cho chat, gom mot so nguyen t lien ket vi nhau va the hien ay u tnh chat hoa hoc cua chat . - n chat kim loai nguyen t la hat hp thanh co vai tro nh phan t . 2. Phan t khoi : - Phan t khoi la khoi lng cua mot phan t tnh bang nv cacbon , va bang tong nguyen t khoi cua cac nguyen t trong phan t . V du : PTK cua kh Oxi la: 16 . 2 = 32 vC IV/ Trang thai cua chat : - Moi chat la mot tap hp vo cung ln nhng hat la phan t hay nguyen t . Tuy ieu kien , ve nhiet o ap
- Quan sat hnh 1.10 va phat bieu - Thao luan , phat bieu . Sau o yeu cau oc SGK phan 2 ( III) - Thao luan , phat bieu . Phan t khoi cua mot chat bang tong nguyen t khoi cua cac nguyen t trong phan t chat - Chu y cach tnh - Len bang lam bai tap6/26
13 phu t
H 2 : * H2 : ( Trang thai cua Ran , long , kh chat) Ran : cac hat kh dao GV : Nc co the ton tai ong tai cho cac trang thai nao ? Long : hat gan sat - S dung H1.14 . nhau , trt len nhau ( H ) Nhan xet ve trat t Kh : hat xa nhau . sap xep va khoang cach H3 : gia cac hat H3 Cung HS tra li co
26 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua giao vien - Hng dan bai tap 5/26 SGK phan t nc va phan t cacbonioxit giong nhau cho eu gom ba nguyen t thuoc hai nguyen to , lien ket vi nhau theo ty le 1:2 . Hnh dang hai nguyen t khac nhau , phan t nc co dang gap khuc , phan t cacbonioxit co dang ng thang .
Noi dung suat mot chat co the ton tai ba trang thai ( ran , long , kh ) - trang thai kh cac hat rat xa nhau .
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : ( 2 phut) Hoc k bai phan III, IV .Lam bai tap 6,7,8, trang 26 SGK - Chuan b bai thc hanh 2: S lan toa cua chat IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
27 Giao an
Ngay soan : 30/9/2007 Tiet 10 : Bai 7 : BAI THC HANH 2 S LAN TOA CUA CHAT I/ Muc tieu 1. Kien thc : - Hoc sinh nhan biet c phan t la hat hp thanh cau hp chat va n chat phi kim . Thay c s chuyen ong cua phan t chat the kh va chat trong dung dch . 2. Ky nang : - Ren luyen ky nang s dung mot so dung cu , hoa chat trong phong th nghiem . II/ Chuan b : 1. Chuan bi cua GV : 1/ Dung cu : ong nghiem , ua thuy tinh , gia ong nghiem , nut cao su , coc thuy tinh , gia th nghiem . 2/ Hoa chat : Dung dch NH3 ac , tinh the KMnO4 , giay quy tm 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III. Hoat ong day hoc 1. On nh tnh hnh lp : 1 Kien tra s so HS 2. Kiem tra kien thc thc hanh : - S lan toa cua chat kh ( Amoniac ) - S lan toa cua chat ran KMnO 4 trong nc 3. Thc hanh : - Gii thieu bai : - Tien trnh bai day : TG Hoat ong cua giao Hoat ong cua hoc Noi dung vien sinh 20 H 1 : GV hng dan HS H1 : HS Lam theo 1/ Th nghiem 1 : phu S lan toa cua Dung ua thuy tinh lay hng dan cua GV t dung dch NH3 cham vao HS quan sat - nhan xet Amoniac . Dung ua giay quy tm tam nc giay qui tm chuyen thuy tinh lay dung quy oi thanh mau xanh mau xanh ( Th ) Lay 1 ong nghiem th dch NH3 cham vao GV hng dan tiep theo nut cao su, xem co va giay quy tm tam nc quy oi GV theo doi cac nhom lam mieng ong nghiem, cho thanh mau xanh thid nghiem anh gia + vao ay ong nghiem mot oan day qu tam ( Th ) ket luan Lay giay quy nc lay bong tham t amoniac e vao tm tam nc vao ay ong ong nghiem cho gan gan mieng ong nghiem day nghiem . nut cao su vao quan sat Lay nut co hien tng oi mau dnh bong c cua giay qu tam dung dch NH3
28 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua giao vien
20ph ut
H 2 : GV hng dan th nghiem Lay thuoc tm vao t giay gap oi, ban tay nay khe ap ban tay kia gi giay, cho thuoc tm ri t t tng manh vao coc nc Coc (1) Nhan xet - Cho thuoc tm ri t tng manh vao coc nc nc 2 Quan sat TN2, giai thch hien tng Cho HS ghi vao bang tng trnh Cuoi buoi thc hanh : - Cho HS lam ve sinh ban TN don ra dung cu TN - Cac nhom hoan thanh tng trnh TN Dan do : Ve nha chuan b bai luyen tap1.
Hoat ong cua hoc Noi dung sinh HS: Kh amoniac se bay ra ( t dung dch nay lam qu tm chuyen mau kh NH3 se bay ra ) xanh ay chat ong nghiem Quan sat s oi mau cua giay quy tm kh amniac bay ra lam qu tm chuyen mau xanh 2/ Th H 2 : nghiem 2: S HS lam Tn lan toa cua - Cho nc vao Kalipemanganat khoang 1/3 coc thuy trong nc tinh Bo 1 t manh vun tinh the thuoc tm Bo mot t vao coc (1) khuay manh vun tinh the eu cho tan het KMnO4 vao coc - HS : Thuoc tm tan nc (1 ) va trong nc mau khuay eu cho tan tm am het - HS lam TN Nhan thay : Dung dch co mau Cho thuoc tm ri t t tng manh vao coc tm am nc Coc (2) khong Cho thuoc tm khua ri t t tng - Nhan thay thuoc tm manh vao coc Coc (2) t t tan ra mau nc khong khuay dung dch cho am, cho nhat chng to - Cac phan t phan t ang chuyen thuoc tm chuyen ong ong, cac hat lan toa ra dung dch co cho mau am, co cho mau nhat
Viet tng trnh ( 4 phut ) Ten th nghiem S lan toa cua amoniac
Hien tng quan sat c
29 Giao an
S lan toa cua Kalipemanganat trong nc - Thu don , ra cac dung cu a s dung - Sap xep cac dung cu , hoa chat cho ngay ngan 4. Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc tiep theo : Chuan b bai luyen tap 1 IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
Ngay soan : 05 / 10 / 2007 Tiet 11 : Bai 8 :
BAI LUYEN TAP 1
I/ Muc tieu : - He thong hoa Noi dung ve cac ky nang c ban : chat , n chat , hp chat , nguyen t , nguyen to hoa hoc , phan t . Cung co phan t la hat hp thanh cua hau het cac chat va nguyen t la hat hp thanh cua n chat kim loai . - Ren luyen cac ky nang : phan biet chat va vat the . Tach chat ra hoi hon hp . T s o nguyen t neu c thanh phan cau tao ; Biet nguyen t khoi tm nguyen to hoa hoc va ngc lai II/ Chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV :
30 Giao an
- Hnh ve s o va moi quan he gia cac khai niem hoa hoc trang 29 SGK 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1. On nh tnh hnh lp : 2. Kiem tra bai cu : Phan t khoi la g? HS tra li : Phan t khoi la khoi lng cua phan t tnh bang n v cacbon bang tong nguyen t khoi cua cac nguyen t trong phan t 3. Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai : e cung co cac kien thc ve n chat, hp chat, nguyen t, phan t. Hom nay chung ta tien hanh bai luyen tap 1 * Tien trnh bai day :
15 phut * H1 : Hoat ong cua Giao vien khai niem
Hoat ong cua hoc Noi dung sinh 1/ S o ve moi quan he gia cac ( T nhien va nhan tao)
VAT THE T NHIEN VA NHAN TAO CHAT ( Tao nen t nguyen to hoa hoc )
tr len)
(Tao nen t mot NTHH) N CHAT
(Tao HP nen t hai NTHH

CHAT
( Hat hp thanh la nguyen t , phan t ) phan t ) *Natri , Magie , Sat * P o, kh Nit ,kh * Glucoz , tinh bot Dan c ien va Clo Khong dan ien Axetic
KIM LOAI
PHI KIM
HC VO C
C ( Hat hp thanh la
HC HU
Cacbonioxit va Axit
Axit Clohiric
31 Giao an
nhiet .
va nhiet ( tr than ch )
GV treo s o len bang ( Nhng ch in nghieng di khai niem giao vien che lai ) Dung phng phap am thoai (Van ap ) (H) Chat c tao nen t au? ( T nguyen t ) - Nguyen t th phai ke tng loai , moi loai la mot NTHH . Nen ta noi chat c tao nen t NTHH phat trien cac cau hoi nham giai thch : Moi quan he t Vat the chat n chat , hp chat (H) n chat c tao nen t bao nhieu NTHH ? (H) Chat c tao nen t hai NTHH tr len goi la g ? - Cac chat eu c tao nen t nguyen t . - Nhn s o tren bang va tra li . T nguyen t Tng nhom thao luan , chuan b kien thc e phat bieu
n chat : 1 NTHH Hp chat : 2 NTHH tr len
15 Phu t
10
2/ Tong ket ve chat nguyen t , Hat phan t : nhan a/ Moi chat co nhng Nguyen t Vo ( e , _ tnh chat vat ly va hoa hoc nhat nh ) - Cac chat eu c - Hay trnh bay nhng tao nen t nguyen hieu biet cua em ve So p = So e t nguyen t ? b/ Nguyen t la hat (H) Nhng nguyen t vo cung nho va cung loai th co ac trung hoa ve ien iem g ? Hat nhan(P,+) ( Co cung so P ) Nguyen t Goi chung la NTHH Vo ( e , _ ) Thao luan va phat So p = So e - Cac hat cua mot chat bieu . th ong nhat nh nhau V du : Nc co hat - Nhng nguyen t ve thanh phan va hnh hp thanh gom 2H cung loai co cung so dang . Em hay cho v du ? lien ket vi 1 O ; co p trong hat nhan c ty le so nguyen t goi chung la NTHH H va O la 2 : 1 ; hnh c/ Phan t la hat ai gap khuc. dien cho chat gom mot so nguyen t lien ket vi nhau va the hien ay u tnh chat hoa hoc cua chat - Phan t la hat hp thanh cua chat, cac n chat kim loai co hat hp thanh la nguyen t Phan t hp chat th H 2 :
32 Giao an
H 2 : - GV treo bang phu co ghi bai tap 1,2,3,4,SGK GV nhan xet - ghi iem nhom - Bai tap 2/3 SGK H 3: Cung co - Nguyen t la g? Nguyen t khoi la g? - Phan t la g ? Phan t khoi la g ?
HS thao luan nhom gom nhng nguyen HS lam bai tap 1 t khac loai bang nhom II. Bai tap : H 2 HS lam bai tap 2 a. Trong hat nhan co bang nhom 12p trong nguyen t co 12e, so lp electron la 3, so e lp H 3: ngoai cung la 2 HS tra li b. iem khac va giong nhau gia Magie va can xi khac nhau ve so p va so e ( nguyen t Ca=20) Magie la 12 - Giong nhau : Ve so lp electron lp ngoai cung eu la 2
4. Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc tiep theo : - On lai cac khai niem c ban - Chuan b bai: cong thc hoa hoc IV. Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung :
33 Giao an
Ngay soan : 07/10/2007 Tiet 12 : Bai 9 :
CONG THC HOA HOC
I/ Muc tieu : 1. Kien thc : - Hoc sinh biet c .Cong thc hoa hoc dung e bieu dien chat , gom mot ky hieu hoa hoc ( n chat ) hay 2, 3 ky hieu hoa hoc ( hp chat ) vi cac ch so ghi chan moi ky hieu ( khi ch so la 1 th khong ghi ) - Biet cach ghi CTHH khi cho biet ky hieu hay ten nguyen to va so nguyen t moi nguyen to co trong mot phan t cua chat - Biet c moi CTHH con ch mot phan t cua chat , tr n chat kim loai , t CTHH xac nh c nhng nguyen to tao ra chat , so nguyen t moi nguyen to trong mot phan t va phan t khoi cua chat 2. K nang : - Ren k nang viet thanh tao ky hieu hoa hoc cua cac nguyen to II/ Chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : Mo hnh ve 1.11 ; 1.12 ; 1.13 SGK 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1. On nh tnh hnh lp 2. Kiem tra bai cu : 5 - n chat la g ? Cho v du? HS tra li : n chat la nhng chat tao nen t mot nguyen to hoa hoc VD : n chat lu huynh 3. Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai: chat c tao nen t cac nguyen to . n chat th c tao nen t mot NTHH , con hp chat th t hai NTHH tr len . Nh vay dung cac ky hieu cua nguyen to ta co the viet thanh CTHH e bieu dien chat . Bai hoc nay se cho biet cach viet va y ngha cua CTHH * Tien trnh bai day: TG 11 Phu t Hoat ong cua GV * H1 : GV : hat hp thanh cua n chat kim loai goi la g ? -Cho v du n chat kim loai ? Hoat ong cua HS H 1: Chu y va tra li. La nguyen t Cu , Mg , Zn, Fe Viet len bang phu cua cac nhom Noi dung I/Cong thc hoa hoc cua n chat : Ch gom 1 k hieu hoa hoc
34 Giao an
TG
12 Phu t
Hoat ong cua GV -Neu ten nguyen to hoa hoc tao kim loai o va viet k hieu cua nguyen to ? Vi kim loai ? k hieu hoa hoc c goi la CTHH ? (H) Hay viet CTHH cua Kali, Nhom, Canxi, Bac , Ch Chuyen y : (H) Theo minh hoa kh O 2, H2 th hat hp thanh cua n chat nay co bao nhieu nguyen t ? Neu cach viet CTHH cua n chat kh
Hoat ong cua HS
Noi dung Vi kim loai k hieu hoa hoc c coi la CTHH .
Thao luan viet vao bang phu Nhn mo hnh 1.11 va phat bieu Gom 2 nguyen t cung loai lien ket Vi phi kim : co phan t gom 2 nhau. nguyen t lien ket nhau ( H2 , O2 , N2, Cl2 , F2 , I2 , Br2 ) AX x la ch so H 2 : Nhn mo hnh 1.12 ; II/ Cong thc hoa 1.13 va phat bieu : Gom cac nguyen hoc cua hp chat t khac loai lien - Gom k hieu hoa ket nhau hoc cua cac nguyen to tao ra chat kem theo ch so chan AXBY ; AXBYCZ Lam bai tap 1/33 A,B,C:k hieu nguyen to SGK x, y, z: Ch so H 3 : nguyen t III/ Y ngha cua CTHH Moi CTHH con ch 1 -Tao nen t 3 phan t cua chat va co y ngha : nguyen to H,S,O -Cho biet ten -Gom 2H, 1S, 4 O nguyen to hoa hoc tao ra chat. -So nguyen t moi nguyen to co trong 3H2 ; 2H2O 1 phan t chat -Phan t khoi cua chat N2 = 14.2 = 28 vC CaCO3=40+12+16.3=1 00 H 4 : HS tra li
10 phu t
*H2: Theo minh hoa nc , NaCl th hat hp thanh cua cac hp chat tren gom cac nguyen t lien ket the nao ? Neu cach viet CTHH cua hp chat nc , muoi an sau o a ra dang tong quat *H3 (H) Moi k hieu hoa hoc ch 1 nguyen t cua nguyen to . The th moi CTHH ch 1 phan t cua chat co c khong ? V sao (H) Cho CTHH H2SO4 hay cho biet y ngha cua cong thc nay ? (H) T CTHH N2, CaCO3 cho ta biet c nhng g ? *Chu y H2 : 1 phan t Hyro 2H : 2 nguyen t Hyro (H) Viet 3 phan t Hyro,2 phan t nc H 4 : Cung co - Cong thc hoa hoc cua n chat gom g?
35 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV - Cong thc hoa hoc hp chat gom g?
Hoat ong cua HS
Noi dung
4. Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : (2) - Hoc k bai phan I, II, III - Lam bai tap 3,4 trang 34 SGK - Chuan b bai hoa tr IV. Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
Ngay soan : 10/10/2007 Tiet 13
HOA TR
I/ Muc tieu : 1/ Hieu c hoa tr cua nguyen to ( hoac nhom nguyen t ) la con so bieu th kha nang lien ket cua nguyen t ( hoac nhom nguyen t ) , c xac nh theo hoa tr cua H c chon lam n v va hoa tr cua O bang 2 n v 2/ Hieu va van dung c qui tac ve hoa tr trong hp chat 2 nguyen to tch cua ch so va hoa tr Nguyen to kia Biet qui tac nay ung ca khi trong hp chat co nhom nguyen t 3/- Biet cach tnh hoa tr cua 1 nguyen to trong hp chat khi biet CTHH cua hp chat va hoa tr cua nguyen to kia ( hoac nhom nguyen t ) - Biet cach lap CTHH va xac nh 1 CTHH ung hay sai khi biet hoa tr cua ca hai nguyen to hoac nhom nguyen t . II Chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : - Bang ghi hoa tr 1 so nguyen to ( Bang 1/24)
36 Giao an
- Bang ghi hoa tr 1 so nhom nguyen t ( bang 2/24) 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : Tiet1 : Day het muc I ; muc II.1 ; va II.2a Tiet 2 : Day het phan II.2b 1. On nh tnh hnh lp: 2. Kiem tra bai cu : 7 1/ Viet CTHH cua cac hp chat sau : Kh Amoniac ( 1 N ; 3 H ) Nc ( 2 H ; 1 O ) Axitsunfuric ( 2 H ; 1 S ; 4 O ) 2/ T CTHH cua cacbonioxit CO2 . Hay neu y ngha cua CTHH nay ? 3. Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai : Ta co the bieu dien hp chat ch co 1 CTHH . Nhng tai sao ta lai biet ch so nguyen t cua tng nguyen to trong hp chat gom 2 nguyen to e viet c CTHH ? Nh ta a biet nguyen t co kha nang lien ket vi nhau va hoa tr la con so bieu th kha nang o . Biet c hoa tr ta se hieu va viet ung cung nh lap c CTHH cua hp chat Nhng hoa tr cua mot nguyen to c xac nh bang cach nao ? e giai thch van e neu tren , chung ta tm hieu ve hoa tr . * Tien trnh bai day : TG 13 phu t Hoat ong cua GV *H1: Nguyen t H be nhat ch gom 1p va1e , ngi ta chon kha nang lien ket cua nguyen t H lam n v va gan cho H co hoa tr I . Roi xem thc te 1 nguyen t cua 1 nguyen to khac lien ket c vi bao nhieu nguyen t H , se noi nguyen to o co hoa tr bay nhieu . (H) Xet mot so hp chat co cha nguyen to Hyro : HCl ; H2O ; NH3 ; CH4 - Mot nguyen t Clo , Oxi , Nit , Cacbon lan lt lien ket vi bao nhieu nguyen t Hyro . - Kha nang lien ket cua cac nguyen t nay vi H co khac nhau khong ? va khac nh the nao ? Chuyen y : Neu hp chat khong co Hyro th hoa tr cua nguyen to xac nh nh the nao ? Hoat ong cua HS Noi dung I/ Hoa tr cua mot nguyen to c xac nh bang cach nao : Nhom trao oi va phat bieu ( Cac cau hoi c giao vien ghi ra giay san va dan len bang ) Ngi ta quy c : H hoa tr I O hoa tr II HCl : Cl co hoa tr I H2O : O co hoa tr II NH3 : N co hoa tr III CH4 : C co hoa tr IV
Xet cac hp chat : Na2O ; CaO ; Al2O3 ; SO2
37 Giao an
( ghi bang ) - Hoa tr cua Oxi c xac nh bang 2 n v (H) Hay cho biet hoa tr tng nguyen to con lai ?
T cach xac nh hoa tr cua nguyen to suy ra cach xac nh hoa tr cua nhom nguyen t (H) Hay xac nh hoa tr nhom : (PO4) Trong CTHH : H3PO4 (NO3) Trong CTHH : HNO3 (H) vay hoa tr la g ?
Ghi hoa tr Na , Ca , Al , S vao bang con ( Sau o GV treo bang hoa tr e hoc sinh kiem chng lai ) oc SGK oan : T cach ..1H
Na2O : Na co hoa tr I CaO : Ca co hoa tr II Al2O3 : Al co hoa tr III SO2 : S co hoa tr IV
15 phu t
Ten nhom Trao oi va ghi Hoa tr hoa tr vao bang Hyroxit(OH) I Nitrat ( NO3 ) I Sunfat ( SO4 ) II Ket luan theo SGK Cacbonat(CO3) II Photfat ( PO4 ) III - Ket luan : Hoa tr cua mot nguyen to la con so bieu th kha nang lien ket cua nguyen t ( hay nhom nguyen t) *H2: Lap ung tch so c xac nh theo T CTHH cua Na2O , CaO , Al2O3 . gia hoa tr va hoa tr cua H ( I ) Hay lap tch so gia hoa tr ch so nguyen t va hoa tr cua O ( va ch so nguyen t cua cua cung nguyen II ) cung nguyen to roi neu nhan to ? II/ Quy tac hoa xet ve cach tnh nay ? - Nhan xet : ( = ) tr : (H) Phat bieu quy tac hoa tr ? (H) Ap dung quy tac e lam g ? Nhom phat bieu (H) Van dung quy tac hoa tr Fe ( III ) trong Al2O3 th viet nh the nao ? Al ( III ) - Tnh hoa tr Fe trong FeCl3 . 1/ Quy tac : Trong - Tnh hoa tr Al trong AlCl3 hp chat gom hai nguyen to Tch cua ch so va hoa tr cua nguyen to nay bang tch cua ch so va hoa tr cua nguyen to kia ( a.x = b.y ) Ax B y 2/ Van dung : a/ Tnh hoa tr cua mot nguyen to : - Tnh hoa tr Fe trong FeCl3 biet Cl ( I ) a.1 = 3.I a = III a II
a b
38 Giao an
- Fe2(SO4)3 a = III 4/ Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : ( 10 phut) 2. Xac nh hoa tr cua moi nguyen to trong cac hp chat sau ay : a/ KH ; H 2S ; CH4 b/ FeO ; Ag2O ; SiO2 3/ Cong thc hoa hoc K 2SO4 phu hp ung theo quy tac hoa tr v : x = x 4/ (a) Tnh hoa tr cua moi nguyen to trong cac hp chat sau ay : Biet Cl ( I ) ; ZnCl2 ; CuCl ; AlCl3 (b) Tnh hoa tr Fe trong FeSO4 ; Fe(NO3)3 ; FePO4 * Hoc thuoc long hoa tr mot so nguyen to pho bien . IV. Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
Ngay soan : 14/10/2007 Tiet 14
HOA TR (tt)
I/ Muc tieu : 1. Kien thc : Biet lap cong thc hoa hoc cua hp chat (da vao gia tr cac nguyen to hoac nhom nguyen t ) 2 Ky nang : Ren ky nang lap cong thc tnh toan, hoa tr cua nguyen to hoac nhom nguyen t II/ Chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : - Bang ghi hoa tr mot so nguyen to ( Bang 1/42 ) - Bang ghi hoa tr mot so nhom nguyen t ( Bang 2/43 ) 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1. On nh tnh hnh lp : 2. Kiem tra bai cu : 5 1/ Hay xac nh hoa tr cua moi nguyen to trong cac hp chat sau:NO2 ; H2S ; Fe2O3 ; CaH2 2/ Neu quy tac hoa tr vi hp chat hai nguyen to , giai thch CTHH cua Na2SO4 la phu hp vi quy tac hoa tr . 3. Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai : Tiet hoc trc ta a van dung quy tac hoa tr e xac nh hoa tr mot nguyen to . Hieu c hoa tr , biet c hoa tr nhng lam the nao e lap c CTHH cung nh viet ung CTHH ? * Tien trnh bai day : TG 20 Hoat ong cua GV H 1 : - Lap CTHH cua hp chat tao bi S(VI ) va O ? - Hng dan cach viet Hoat ong cua HS H 1: - Thao luan va viet
VI
OY
II
Noi dung b/ Lap CTHH cua hp chat theo hoa tr : * Lap CTHH hp chat biet : S (VI) ; O
39 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV (H) Ap dung quy tac ve hoa tr the nao ? . Hay chuyen thanh ty le + Thng th ty le so nguyen t trong phan t la nhng so n gian nhat . Vay x = ? ; y = ? (H) Hay trnh t lap CTHH hp chat : Na (I) ; SO4 (II) (H) Lap CTHH hp chat : Ca (II) ; (NO3) I
Hoat ong cua HS - Thao luan va viet x .VI = y . II x II 1 = = y VI 3 Tra li x = 1 ; y = 3 Va viet thanh CTHH
Noi dung 1/ Cong thc dang chung

VI II
S x Oy 2/ Theo quy tac hoa tr : x . VI = y . II 3/ Chuyen thanh ty Hoc sinh thao luan le : x II 1 va trnh bay cu the = = y VI 3 cac bc 4/ CTHH la SO3 * Lap CTHH hp chat tao bi Na (I) va SO4
Na X( SO 4)Y
x . I = y . II x II 2 = = y I 1 Na2SO4 Ky nang lap cong thc hoa hoc nhanh.
II
15
H 2 : GV yeu cau HS thao luan nhom a ra cach lap cong thc nhanh
H 2 : HS thao luan : 1. Neu a=b th x=y=1 2. Neu a b va t le a:b (toi gian) th x=b, y=a 3. Neu a:b cha toi gian th gian c e co a : b , va lay x= b , , y = a HS thao luan nhom tra li CTHH : Na2S
V du 3 : Lap cong thc hoa hoc cua hp chat gom Na(I) va S(II) Giai : Cong thc I II dang chung : Na x S y Ta lay : x=b=II y=a=I Cong thc ung : Na2S
GV yeu cau HS ap dung lam nhanh V du 3 : Lap CTHH cua hp chat gom : Na (I) va S(II) 5
H 3 : Cung co H 3 : - Neu cac bc lap CTHH HS tra li cua hp chat - K nang lap CTHH nhanh 4/ Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc tiep theo : Hoc k bai phan 2b Lam bai tap 7,8 trang 38SGK Chuan b tien ti luyen tap 2 IV.Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
40 Giao an
Ngay soan: 18/10/2007 Tiet 15:
BAI LUYEN TAP 2
I/ Muc tieu : - Cung co : Cach ghi va y ngha cua CTHH , khai niem hoa tr va quy tac hoa tr - Ren luyen cac ky nang : Tnh hoa tr cua nguyen to , lap c CTHH cua hp chat khi biet hoa tr . II/ Chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : - Bang he thong hoa Noi dung co o e trong - Mot so phieu hoc tap 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1. On nh tnh hnh lp : 2. Kiem tra bai cu : 3. Giang bai mi : * Tien trnh bai day : TG 15 phu t Hoat ong cua GV * H1: Khai quat hoa noi dung - Giup hoc sinh nam dc noi dung can nh - Phat phieu hoc tap (H) Hay viet CTHH cua : - Kh Clo , kh Nit , Oxi - Kim loai ong , Nhom , Magie - Phi kim Photfo , lu huynh va Silic. - Nc , muoi an , Axit Sunfuric (H) trong cac cong thc tren ch ro cong thc n chat , cong thc hp chat . (H) Cong thc H2SO4 cho ta biet nhng g ? M rong : ty le MH : mS : mO = 1 : 16: 32 *H2: Luyen tap (H) Tnh hoa tr cua Si trong SiO2 ? Hoat ong cua HS Thao luan nhom tra li - Cl2 ; N2 ; O2 - Cu ; Al ; Mg ; P - S ; Si - H2O , NaCl , H2SO4 n chat : Hp chat : Noi dung I/ Noi dung can , nh : 1/ Chat c bieu dien bang CTHH. a/ n chat : AX Cu , Al , Mg , P , N2 b/Hp chat : AXBY H2O , NaCl , H2SO4
NT nao tao Moi CTHH cho ta biet ba y : nen 3 y : So NT cua moi NT Phan t khoi 2/Hoa tr -Qui tac ve hoa tr Van dung qui tac va hoa tr e tnh : a.x=b.y Ax B y Van dung
a b
20 phu t
Si O 2
a II
a. 1 = 2 . II
a = IV -Thao luan nhom 3 bai tap 1, 2, 3. (H)2 Tnh hoa tr cua Cu, P, X3Y2 Fe trong Cu(OH)2 , PCl5 , Chon D : Fe2(SO4)3
Si O2
a II
II
a . 1 = 2 . II 3.III
II
Fe2 ( SO4 ) 3 a = 2
III II
= III
= Al x ( SO4 ) 3 y III
41 Giao an
Fe(NO3)3 6nhom thao luan va Al2(SO4)3 - Bai tap 2/41 bao cao ket qua - Bai tap 3/41 (H)3 Bai tap 4/41 4.Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : ( 10 phut) -Bai tap 11.2/14 SBT : Cong thc ung (C ) XY -Bai tap 11.5/14 SBT : Cong thc ung Al 2O3 Cong thc sa : AlCl3 ; Al(NO3)3 ; Al2S3 ; Al2(SO4)3 ; Al(OH)3 ; AlPO4 * Hp chat A co cha nhom nguyen to X gom Nit va Hyro hoa tr (I) va nhom PO4 (III) . Biet phan t khoi cua A la 149 . Tm CT A va neu y ngha cua cong thc nay . - Coi cong thc A la Xx(PO4)y I . x = y . III
x 3 = x = 3 va y = 1 cong thc cua A la X3PO4 y 1
Ta co : 3X + 95 = 149 X = 18 . Do X cha N va H nen X la NH 4 . Vay cong thc A la (NH4)3PO4 * Y ngha : Chat A gom 4 nguyen to la N , H , P , O Mot phan t A cha 3N ; 12H ; 1P ; va 4O Bai tap : Mot loai sat sunfua cha 63,6% Fe va 36,4% S . Tnh hoa tr cua Fe trong hp chat. * Hng dan : So nguyen t Fe : so nguyen t S = 63,6 36,4 : = 1,14 : 1,14 = 1 : 1 56 32 Cong thc la FeS Hoa tr cua Fe la II Bai tap : Mot loai sat clorua cha 34,46% Fe va 65,54 % Cl . Tnh hoa tr cua Fe trong hp chat ? IV Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
Ngay soan : 22/10/2007 Tiet 17 : Chng 2
PHAN NG HOA HOC S BIEN OI CHAT
I/ Muc tieu : -Phan biet c hien tng vat l la hien tng xay ra khi chat bien oi ma van gi nguyen chat ban au; Hien tng hoa hoc la hien tng xay ra khi co s bien oi t chat nay thanh chat khac. - Ren luyen cac k nang thao tac khi thc hien th nghiem, quan sat, nhan xet. -Hoc sinh giai thch cac hien tng trong t nhien, t o ham thch hoc tap bo mon.
42 Giao an
II/ chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : - Tranh ve hnh 2.1, ong ngiem, nam cham , muong, gia ong nghiem, kep, en con, bot Fe, S , ng trang. 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : ( 2 phut) 1. On nh tnh hnh lp : 2. Kiem tra bai cu : 3. Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai : Trong chng 1 ta a hoc ve chat, lam quen 1 so chat nh : Kh Oxi , Nc , Sat , ng Va trong nhng ieu kien bnh thng moi chat eu co nhng tnh chat nhat nh, Nhng khong phai cac chat ch co bieu hien ve tnh chat ma chat co the co nhng bien oi khac nhau. Chung ta tm hieu xem chat co the xay ra nhng bien oi g? Thuoc loai hien tng nao ? * Tien trnh bai day :
TG 13 phu t
Hoat ong cua GV * H1 : ( hien tng vat l) S dung tranh ve 2.1 e HS quan sat va at cau hoi : (H) Quan sat am nc ang soi em nhan xet g tren be mat nc ? (H) M nap am va quan sat nap am, em co nhan xet g ? (H) Trc va sau khi un , nc co con la nc khong ? Ket luan g ? Yeu cau oc SGK hoa tan. tr lai va at cau hoi : (H) Trc va sau khi un muoi an co con la muoi khong ? ch bien oi ve g ? 2 hien tng tren goi la hien tng vat l. Hien tng vat l la g?
Hoat ong cua HS Nhom HS quan sat hnh 2.1, thao luan va tra li cac cau hoi * hi nc boc len * nc ong tren nap am
Noi dung I/ Hien tng vat l Nc a long hi nc. nc
* nc van la nc, ch co s bien oi ve the HS oc SGK, thao luan, Muoi an phat bieu: muoi * Muoi ch thay oi muoi an hnh dang, v man van con Nhom phat bieu
nc
Ket luan: Hien tng chat bien oi
43 Giao an
20 phu t * H 2: (Hien tng hoa hoc ) GV lam TN 1a SGK va at cac cau hoi : (H) Fe va S trong hon hp co bien oi g khong ? GV lam TN 1b SGK va hoi : (H) khi un nong hon hp Fe va S th co bien oi the nao ?
ma van gi nguyen la chat ban au goi la hien tng vat l Quan sat va tra li : II/ Hien tng hoa hoc : * Nam cham hut sat
*S nong sang va Sat + Lu huynh oi sang mau xam sat (II) sunfua cua hon hp khi un nong, san pham khong b nam cham hut va ot khong chay Lam TN 2 theo s hng dan cua GV va GV cho HS lam TN2 SGK va tra li hoi : (H) S bien oi mau sac chuyen sang mau cua ng the nao ? en (H) Thay g tren thanh ong nghiem ? giot nc xuat hien (H) Khi un nong ng ng than + co s xuat hien nhng Than va nc nc chat nao ? * Ket luan : Hien (H) 2 TN tren goi la hien Phat bieu roi oc tng chat bien oi tng hoa hoc. Vay the phan ket trong SGK co tao ra chat khac nao la hien tng hoa goi la hien tng hoc ? hoa hoc Cho HS lam BT 2 / 46 SGK 4. Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau (10 phut ) -Bai tap 3 lam tai lp. -Dau hieu chnh e phan biet hien tng hoa hoc vi hien tng vat ly la : s suat hien cua chat mi. -Hay ch ra au la hien tng vat ly , au la hien tng hoa hoc a/ Coc thuy tinh b v ra thanh vun nho b/ Than ot lo xong con lai la x than c/ Dau hoa b ot chay thanh kh cacbonic va hi nc d/ ng tinh the mau trang hoa tan vao nc c hon hp nc ng e/ Cho voi song vao nc c voi toi -Hay khoanh tron vao mot trongcac ch cai A, B, C, D ng trc hien tng ma em cho la ung a/ Hien tng hoa hoc : A Nung a voi trong lo B Muoi an ket tinh trong ruong muoi C Thuy trieu dang len tren bai bien D un nc 100oC th nc soi va boc hi b/ Hien tng vat ly : A ot en dau chay sang B Kh phut ra khi m chai nc ngot
44 Giao an
C ra manh liet
Cho nc vao voi song th sui bot manh va nhiet toa
D Sat b g khi e ngoai khong kh IV. Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung :
Ngay soan : 28/10/2007 Tiet 18 PHAN NG HOA HOC I/ Muc tieu: -HS hieu c phan ng hoa hoc la qua trnh lam bien oi chat nay thanh chat khac : chat phan ng ( chat tham gia ) la chat ban au b bien oi trong phan ng va san pham la chat c tao ra . Ban chat cua phan ng la s thay oi lien ket gia cac nguyen t , lam cho phan t nay bien oi thanh phan t khac . -Biet c phan ng hoa hoc xay ra khi cac chat tac dung tiep xuc vi nhau , co trng hp can un nong , co mat chat xuc tac . -Biet cach nhan biet phan ng hoa hoc , da vao dau hieu co chat mi tao ra, co tnh chat khac so vi chat ban au , ( nh mau sac trang thai ) ; biet nhiet va anh sang cung co the la dau hieu cua phan ng hoa hoc . II/ Chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : Tranh ve s o tng trng cho phan ng hoa hoc gia kh H 2 va O2 tao ra H2O . Dung dch HCl , Zn , ong nghiem , kep ong nghiem . 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : (5Phut) 1. On nh tnh hnh lp : 2. Kiem tra bai cu : Cho v du ve hien tng hoa hoc ? The nao la hien tng hoa hoc . 3. Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai : cac em a biet , chat co the bien oi thanh chat khac , qua trnh o goi la g ? Trong o co g thay oi , khi nao th xay ra va da vao au ma biet c ? * Tien trnh bai day : TG 10 Phu Hoat ong cua GV *H1: - Cho hoc sinh oc SGK va Hoat ong cua HS Hoc sinh nhom thao Noi dung I/ nh ngha : - Qua trnh bien oi t
45 Giao an
TG t
Hoat ong cua GV Hoat ong cua HS th neu nh ngha ve luan , phat bieu phan ng hoa hoc , ve chat tham gia , chat san pham (H) Hay cho biet ten cac chat tham gia va ten chat san pham trong cac phan ng hoa hoc sau : + Khi b nung nong , ng b bien oi thanh than va nc + un nong hon hp Fe , S tao ra chat sat (II) Sunfua Hng dan cach oc phng trnh ch va lam bai tap 5/51 * H2: GV: Co g thay oi trong phan ng hoa hoc ? GV: Phan t the hien ay u tnh chat hoa hoc cua chat , phan ng gia cac phan t the hien phan ng gia cac chat - S dung hnh 2.5 va at cau hoi : (H) Trc phan ng , nhng nguyen t nao lien ket nhau? (H) Trong qua trnh phan ng cac nguyen t H , O co con lien ket nhau khong ? (H) Sau phan ng nguyen t nao lien ket nhau ? (H) Cac phan t trc va sau phan ng co khac khong ? GV: Qua phan tch s o neu tren ta ket luan c ieu g?
Noi dung chat nay thanh chat khac goi la phan ng hoa hoc . Ten cac chat phan ng Ten cac san pham VD1: Sat + lu huynh Sat (III) Sunfua. VD2: ng Than + Nc
Viet phng trnh va xac nh ung ten chat tham gia , ten san pham Axitclohyric + Canxicacbonat CanxiClorua + kh Cacbonic + Nc
15 Phu t
II/ Dien bien cua phan ng hoa hoc : ( S o hnh 2.5 )
Quan sat , thao luan va tra li : Nguyen t H , O lien ket Khong con lien ket , so nguyen t gi nguyen . 2H va 1 O lien ket nhau Khac nhau Hoc sinh nhom phat bieu sau o oc SGK phan ket luan . Trong phan ng hoa hoc ch co lien ket gia cac nguyen t thay oi lam cho phan t nay bien oi thanh phan t khac . III/ Khi nao phan ng hoa hoc xay ra : - Cac chat tham gia phai c tiep xuc nhau , co trng hp can un nong , co trng hp can chat
10 Phu t
* H3: GV nhac lai hien tng quan sat c trong 2 th
Thao luan , phat bieu
46 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV nghiem bai trc ; bieu dien phan ng cua Zn Vi HCl Chng to chat phan ng phai c tiep xuc nhau . (H) Co phan ng ch co mot chat tham gia th can co ieu kien nao ? cho V du (H) Co phan ng can co mat chat xuc tac yeu cau oc SGK phan 3/ III
Hoat ong cua HS Lien he : Khi ta an , chat dinh dng chuyen hoa thanh chat can thiet la nh co chat xuc tac
Noi dung xuc tac
4/ Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : ( 5 Phut ) Chep vao v bai tap cac cau sau vi ay u cac t va cum t thch hp Phan ng hoa hoc la qua trnh lam bien oi chat nay thanh chat khac . Chat bien oi trong phan ng goi la chat phan ng con chat mi sinh ra la san pham . Trong qua trnh phan ng lng chat tham gia giam dan lng san pham tang dan IV. Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung :
Ngay soan: 02/11/2007 Tiet 19 :
47 Giao an
PHAN NG HOA HOC TIEP THEO ( tt ) I/ Muc tieu : 1. Kien thc : - HS biet cac dau hieu e nhan biet mot phan ng hoa hoc co xay ra khong 2. Ky nang : Tiep tuc cung co cach viet phng trnh ch kha nang phan biet c hien tng vat ly va hien tng hoa hoc II/ Chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : Ong nghiem , kep ong nghiem , HCl , Zn . 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : (8phut) 1. On nh tnh hnh lp : 2. Kiem tra bai cu : a. nh ngha phan ng hoa hoc giai thch b. Goi HS cha bai tap so 4/51 SGK HS tra li : Trc khi chay chat Parafin the ran, con khi chay th the hi, cac phan t Parafin phan ng vi cac phan t kh Oxi. 3. Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai : Hom nay chung ta tiep tuc nghien cu phan IV : Lam the nao e nhan biet co phan ng hoa hoc xay ra. * Tien trnh bai day : Tg 20Ph ut Hoat ong cua GV *H1: GV: Nhac lai cac th nghiem trc , nung nong ng dau hieu nay chng to phan ng hoa hoc xay ra ? GV: Thc hien th nghiem 1 Zn + HCl . (H) Hay quan sat va cho biet ay co phan ng xay ra khong ? GV Thc hien th nghiem khac . - BaCl2 + H2SO4 - CuSO4 + NaOH - ot nen - d2 NaOH + Phenoltalein - CO2 + Ca(OH)2 H 2 : GV ghi bang phu co ghi bai tap 5/51 SGK GV cho HS hoat ong Hoat ong cua HS *H1: Noi dung IV/ Lam the nao nhan biet co Hoc sinh phat bieu phan ng hoa ( Tao ra chat mau en , hoc xay ra ? hi nc ) Da vao dau hieu co chat mi xuat hien co tnh chat Quan sat va tra li khac vi chat phan Co phan ng xay ra ng . v co kh thoat ra Cac nhom thc hien nhan xet , neu hien tng va rut ra ket luan
10
Dau hieu cho biet phan ng hoa hoc xay ra gom : co kh thoat ra , co ket tua ,thay oi mau sac , toa nhiet , phat sang H 2 : V. Luyen tap HS thao luan nhom Bai tap 5/51 SGK : tra li phng trnh ch Dau hieu nhan biet Axit clohidrit + phan ng xay ra la
48 Giao an
Tg
Hoat ong cua GV nhom tra li bai tap 5 GV anh gia ket qua cua cac nhom GV ket luan
Hoat ong cua HS Canxicacbonat Canxiclorua + nc + cacbonioxit Dau hieu nhan biet co phan ng xay ra la xuat hien chat kh (sui bot vo trng)
Noi dung xuat hien chat kh (sui bot vo trng) Phng trnh ch : Axitclohidrit + canxicacbonat canxiclorua + nc + cacbonioxit
H 3 : Cung co H 3 : - Lam the nao e HS tra li nhan biet co phan HS thao luan nhom tra ng hoa hoc xay ra li. Phng trnh ch : - Lam bai tap 6/51 SGK Than + Kh Oxi Kh (H nhom) cacbonioxit 4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : (10Phut) - Hoc k bai phan II - oc bai oc them - Chuan b bai thc hanh 3 Dau hieu cua hien tng va phan ng hoa hoc IV. Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung :
Ngay soan : 06/11/2007 Tiet 20 THC HANH 3 I/ Muc tieu : 1. Kien thc : -Phan biet c hien tng vat ly va hien tng hoa hoc. Nhan biet c cac dau hieu co phan ng hoa hoc xay ra. 2. Ky nang : - S dung cu , hoa chat trong phong th nghiem 3. Thai o : - HS y thc can than trong khi s dung th nghiem II. Chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : Gia th nghiem, ong nghiem, kep go, en con. Hoa chat : Dung dch Natri cacbonat - Dung dch nc voi trong, thuoc tm 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK + v ghi thc hanh III. Hoat ong day hoc :
49 Giao an
1. On nh tnh hnh lp : Kiem tra s so HS 2. Kiem tra bai cu : 5 - Dau hieu e biet co phan ng hoa hoc xay ra HS: Co chat mi xuat hien - Mau sac - Toa nhiet va phat sang - Kiem tra dung cu th nghiem : phan nhom : 6 nhom 3. Thc hanh : * Gii thieu bai : e nam c dau hieu cua hien tng va phan ng hoa hoc xay ra. Hom nay chung ta cung nhau thc hanh bai 3 * Tien trnh bai day : Tg 15 Hoat ong cua GV H 1 : GV cho HS oc th nghiem 1 GV hng dan HS lam th nghiem Vi lng thuoc tm co san moi nhom chia 3 phan -Phan 1 : Cho vao nc ng trong ong nghiem 1 lac cho tan, quan sat hien tng 1. Hoc sinh quan sat hien tng : Hoc sinh tra li : - Chat ran tan het va tao thanh dung dch mau tm. Hoc sinh lam th nghiem : Dung kep co vao 1/3 ong nghiem va un nong. o nc vao ong nghiem lac cho tan. Nhan xet : Chat ran khong tan het con lai mot phan lang xuong ay ong nghiem. Ong nghiem 2 : Chat ran khong tan het (con lai mot phan ran lang xuong ay ong nghiemhien tng hoa hoc a. Hien tng : - Ong nghiem 1 : Chat ran tan het tao thanh dung dch mau tm. hien tng vat ly. Hoat dong cua HS H 1 : Noi dung Th nghiem 1 : Hoa tan va un nong kalipemanganat (thuoc tm)
- Phan 2,3 : Cho vao nc dng ong nghiem 2
GV hng dan : a que om con tan o vao e th neu thay que om con chay th tiep tuc un khi nao que om khong bung chay th ngng un, e nguoi ong nghiem GV yeu cau quan sat ong 1 va ong 2. Nhan xet ghi vao tng trnh. GV yeu cau hoc sinhh ghi PT ch ong nghiem 2. 20 H 2 :
- ong1 :Hien tng vat l. - ong 2 :Hien tng hoa hoc, co chat mi la kh oxi la chat ran khong tan trong nc (khi un nong) H 2 :
b. Phng trnh ch Kali pemanganat t Kali pemanganat + Mangandioxit + Kh Oxi

0
Th nghiem 2 :
50 Giao an
Tg
Hoat ong cua GV
Hoat dong cua HS
Noi dung Thc hien phan ng Canxihidroxit
GV hng dan HS lam th nghiem - Trong hi th co kh g?
Co khi cacbonioxit - Dung ong hut thoi hi the lan lt vao ong nghiem (1) ng nc - Nhan thay : Co hien tng g? - Quan sat nhan xet : ong 2 : nc voi trong van uc (co chat ran khong tan tao thanh) Co phan ng hoa hoc xay ra
a. Hien tng - ong (1) : Khong co hien tng g? - ong 2 : Nc voi trong van uc (co chat ran khong tan tao thanh)
GV goi HS nhan xet hien tng - Tiep tuc dung ong thuy tinh thoi hi vao ong nghiem (2) ng nc voi trong. Ca (OH)2
- GV goi HS viet phng HS tra li trnh ch ong (2) - GV (b) hng dan lam th nghiem tiep theo :
Phng trnh ch : Canxihidroxit + Cacbondioxit Canxicacbonat + nc b. ong 2 : (co chat ran mi sinh ra) Chat ran khong tan trong nc
+ o dung dch Natricacbonat lan lt vao ong nghiem (1) ng nc va ong (2) ng nc voi trong - Quan sat thay g trong moi ong nghiem? ong (1) Khong co hien tng g? - ong (2) co phjan ng hoa hoc xay ra HS tra li H 3 : Phng trnh ch : Canxihidroxit natricacbonat Canxicacbonat Natrihidroxits + +
GV yeu cau HS phng trnh ch 5 H 3 : Cung co :
viet
- Dau hieu e biet phan HS tra li ng hoa hoc xay ra la g ? - Viet phng trnh ch vao bang tng trnh 4. Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc tiep theo : Thu bang tng trnh Thu don phong th nghiem : -Lam ve sinh
51 Giao an
Chuan b bai mi nh luat bao toan khoi lng IV. Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
Ngay soan : 11/11/2007 Tiet21 : NH LUAT BAO TOAN KHOI LNG I/ Muc tieu: 1. Kien thc : - Hieu c nh luat, biet giai thch da vao s bao toan ve khoi lng cua nguyen t trong phan ng hoa hoc . - Van dung c nh luat , tnh c khoi lng cua mot chat khi biet khoi lng cua cac chat khac trong phan ng . 2. Ky nang : - Ren ky nang tnh toan , quan sat . - Hieu ro y ngha nh luat oi vi i song va san xuat . Bc au thay c vat chat ton tai vnh vien , gop phan hnh thanh the gii quan duy vat , chong me tn d oan 3. Thai o : Hieu ro nh luat, lien he thc te II/ Chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : - Can ban , hai coc thuy tinh nho . - Dung dch BaCl2 ; dung dch Na2SO4 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1.On nh tnh hnh lp : (1 phut) 2.Kiem tra bai cu : Dau hieu nhan biet e phan ng hoa hoc xay ra HS tra li : Co chat mi xuat hien, mau sac, toa nhiet va phat sang 3.Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai : Trong phan ng hoa hoc tong khoi lng cua cac chat co c bao toan khong? Bai hoc hom nay se tra li cau hoi nay * Tien trnh bai day : TG 14 Phu t Hoat ong cua GV Hoat ong cua HS * H1: ( Th nghiem ) GV thc hien th nghiem Quan sat th nghiem , (SGK) neu ten va viet thao luan nhom e len bang dung dch hoa tra li cac cau hoi Noi dung 1/ Th nghiem : - o dung dch BaCl2 vao dung dch Na2SO4 thay co chat ran
52 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV chat cha trong hai coc . (H) Nhan xet hien tng g khi cho hai dung dch tron lan nhau ? (H) Da vao yeu to nao e biet co phan ng hoa hoc xay ra ? (H) Trc va sau khi phan ng hoa hoc xay ra v tr kim cua can nh the nao ? (H) Co the suy ra ieu g ? (H) Viet phng trnh ch cua phan ng Dung phng phap am thoai i en phat bieu va giai thch * H2: ( Giai thch ) Gi cho hoc sinh nh lai khoi lng hat nhan c coi la khoi lng cua nguyen t v khoi lng cua e rat nho khong ang ke . Trong phan ng hoa hoc ch co nhng thay oi lien quan en s sap xep cac e , khong anh hng g en khoi lng hat nhan Ket luan : khoi lng cac chat c bao toan * H3: ( Ap dung ) GV e thay ro ap dung ta viet noi dung nh luat thanh cong thc khoi lng m BaCl2 la khoi lng cua BariClorua v.v th cong thc khoi lng se viet nh the nao ? - GV giao phieu hoc tap bai 2/54 H4:Cung co: Phieu hoc tap so 1 : Hay ien cac cum t sau ( khoi lng khong oi , lien ket gia ,
Hoat ong cua HS tren
Noi dung mau trang khong tan xuat hien .
Co chat mi sinh ra Van thang bang Khoi lng trc , sau phan ng khong thay oi - Phng trnh ch cua phan ng hoa hoc BaryClorua + Natrisunfat Barysunfat + NatriClorua .
10 Phu t
H 2: - Yeu cau oc noi dung nh luat trong sach giao khoa 4 hoc sinh 4 nhom oc
- Nh lai dien bien cua phan ng e giai thch .
10 Phu t
H 3 :
m BaCl2 + m Na2SO4 = m BaSO4 + m NaCl . m BaCl2 = 23,3 + 11,7 _ 14,2 = 20,8 g H4: HS tra li
2/ nh luat : Trong mot phan ng hoa hoc tong khoi lng cua cac chat san pham bang tong khoi lng cua cac chat tham gia phan ng . Giai thch : Trong phan ng hoa hoc ch co s thay oi lien ket gia cac nguyen t , con so nguyen t cua cac nguyen to gi nguyen , nen khoi lng cac chat c bao toan . 3/ Ap dung : Gia s co phan ng A+BC+D Th cong thc ve khoi lng viet nh sau : mA + mB = mC + mD
8 phu t
53 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV gi nguyen , thay oi ) vao cho trong cua cau sau sao cho hp ly : Trong phan ng hoa hoc , ch co lien ket gia cac nguyen t thay oi con so nguyen t moi nguyen to gi nguyen va khoi lng cua cac nguyen t khong oi ot chay het 9g Mg khong kh thu c 15g MgO . Biet rang , Magie chay la xay ra phan ng vi kh O2 trong khong kh ? a/ Viet cong thc ve khoi lng cua phan ng xay ra b/ Tnh khoi lng cua kh Oxi a phan ng .
Hoat ong cua HS Trong phan ng hoa hoc , ch co lien ket gia cac nguyen t thay oi con so nguyen t moi nguyen to gi nguyen va khoi lng cua cac nguyen t khong oi
Noi dung
-m Mg + m O2 = m MgO - mO2 = m MgO - m Mg = 15 - 9 = 6 g
5) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: ( 2 phut) - Ve nha hoc ky phan 2 - Lam bai tap 2/54SGK - Chuan b bai phng trnh hoa hoc IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
Ngay soan : 13/ 11/ 2007 Tiet 22 : PHNG TRNH HOA HOC I/ Muc tieu : 1. Kien thc : - Hoc sinh hieu c : phng trnh dung e bieu dien phan ng hoa hoc , gom CTHH cua cac chat phan ng va san pham vi cac he so thch hp .
54 Giao an
- Y ngha cua phng trnh hoa hoc la cho biet ty le ve so nguyen t , so phan t gia cac chat cung nh tng cap chat trong phan ng . 2. Ky nang: - Tiep tuc ren luyen ky nang lap cong thc hoa hoc - Hoc sinh biet cach lap phng trnh hoa hoc khi biet cac chat phan ng va san pham, gii han cac phan ng thong thng . II/ Chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : - S o lap phng trnh hoa hoc sach giao khoa 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut ) 2) Kiem tra bai cu ( 7 phut ) - Hay phat bieu nh luat bao toan khoi lng va giai thch HS tra li : Trong phan ng hoa hoc tong khoi lng cua cac chat san pham bang tong khoi lng cua cac chat tham gia phan ng - Cha bai tap 3/54 SGK 3) Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai : theo nh luat bao toan khoi lng , so nguyen t moi nguyen to trong cac chat trc va sau phan ng c gi nguyen - Da vao o va vi CTHH ta se lap phng trnh hoa hoc e bieu dien phan ng hoa hoc * Tien trnh bai day : TG 17 Phu t Hoat ong cua GV * H1: ( Lap PTHH ) GV neu v du cho kh Hyro tac dung vi kh Oxi tao ra nc va at cau hoi (H) Viet phng trnh ch cua phan ng hoa hoc tren? (H) Thay ten cac chat bang cong thc hoa hoc ? GV: khi thay ten bang CTHH , ta co s o cua phan ng . (H) Nhan xet g ve so nguyen t H va so nguyen t O cua 2 ve GV: Hng dan cach chon he so va viet thanh phng trnh hoa hoc cua phan ng tren . H 2 : GV: viec lap phng trnh hoa hoc dc tien Hoat ong cua HS * H1: Noi dung I/ Lap phng hoa hoc : 1/ Phng trnh hoc :
trnh hoa
Kh Hyro + Kh Oxi Phng trnh hoa hoc Nc bieu dien ngan gon phan ng hoa hoc H2 + O2 H2O H2 + O2 H2O Nhan xet , phat bieu ( so nguyen t O 2 ve khong bang nhau ) oc phng trnh hoa hoc . H 2 : Thao luan nhom , phat bieu , oc SGK 2H2 + O2 2 H2O 2/ Cac bc lap phng trnh hoa hoc : Bc 1: Viet s o phan ng
10 Phu t
55 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV hanh theo cac bc the nao? GV: oc v du SGK va at cau hoi : (H) Hay lap phng trnh hoa hoc cua phan ng ? GV dan dat e hoc sinh tm ra cac he so .
Hoat ong cua HS
Chu y va tm ung cac he so thch hp
Noi dung Al + O2 Al2O3 Bc2:Can bang so nguyen t moi nguyen to . ( Tm he so thch hp ) Bc 3 :Viet phng trnh hoa hoc 4 Al + 3 O2 2 Al2O3 V du 1: Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + 2 NaOH
Thao luan va tra li GV cho hoc sinh lap phng trnh hoa hoc H3: cua phan ng : Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + ? NaOH . a/ 4Na + O2 2Na2O H3: Cung co - Cho s o cua cac phan ng sau : b/ P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4 a/ Na + O2 Na2O a/ 2HgO 2Hg + O2 b/ P2O5 + H2O H3PO4 b/2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3H2O Hay lap phng trnh hoa hoc 3a/ HgO Hg + O2 b/ Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + H 2O
8 phu t
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau :( 2 phut) -Hoc ky bai phan I - Lam bai tap 2, 3, 4 SGK - Chuan b tiep phan II y ngha cua phng trnh hoa hoc IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
56 Giao an
Ngay soan: 18/ 11/ 2007 Tiet 23 : PHNG TRNH HOA HOC ( tt ) I/ Muc tieu : Nh tiet 1 II/ Chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : Cac bai tap trong SGK 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut ) 2) Kiem tra bai cu : ( 7 phut ) Cha bai tap 3/58 sach giao khoa Dung phng trnh phan ng 2HgO 2Hg + O2 e vao bai . Phng trnh phan ng cho biet ty le ve so nguyen t bang ung he so moi chat trong phng trnh 3) Giang bai mi : * Tien trnh bai day : TG 17 Phu t Hoat ong cua GV * H1: ( Y ngha cua PTHH) GV neu lai v du : 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3 (H) Cho biet ty le so nguyen t Al ; so phan t O2 ; so phan t Al2O3 ? GV : Neu v du 2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 +3 H2O Hoat ong cua HS Noi dung II/ Y ngha cua phng trnh hoa hoc :
So nguyen t Al : So phan t O2 : So phan t Al2O3 = 4:3:2 Thao luan , phat bieu - So phan t Fe(OH)3 : So phan t Fe2O3 : So phan
57 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV (H) Hay cho biet ty le so phan t cua cac cap chat trong phan ng tren (H) Phng trnh co y ngha the nao ?
Hoat ong cua HS t H2O = 2:1:3 - So phan t Fe(OH)3 : So phan t Fe2O3 = 2:1 v.v Thao luan , phat bieu theo SGK.
Noi dung
Phng trnh hoa hoc cho biet ty le so nguyen t so phan t gia cac chat cung nh tng cap chat trong phan ng
18 phu t
* H2: Cung co , Luyen tap So phan t P2O5 : So Bai tap 2b : So phan phan t H2O : So phan t P2O5 : So phan t t H3PO4 = 1:3:2 H2O : So phan t H3PO4 = 1:3:2 Bai tap 5 : a/ Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2 a/ 4 P + 5 O2 2 P2O5 b/ b/ So eu la ty le 1:1:1 nguyen t P : So Bai tap 6 : a/ 4 phan t O2 : So phan P + 5 O2 2 P2O5 t P2O5 = 4:5:2 b/ 4NH3 + 5 O2 4 So nguyen t P : NO + 6 H2O So phan t O2 : So phan t P2O5 = 4:5:2 4NH3 + 5 O2 4 NO + 6 H2O 4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: ( 2 phut) 4NH3 + 5 O2 4 NO + 6 H2O 2 KMnO4 + 16 HCl 2 KCl + 2 MnCl2 + 5 Cl2 + 8 H2O 2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2 - Xem lai cac noi dung ve : Phan ng hoa hoc , nh luat bao toan khoi lng, phng trnh hoa hoc IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
58 Giao an
Ngay soan :22/11/2007 Tiet 24: BAI LUYEN TAP 3 I/ Muc tieu : - Phan ng hoa hoc ( inh ngha , ban chat , ieu kien phan ng va dau hieu nhank biet) - nh luat bao toan khoi lng ( Phat bieu giai thch , ap dung ) - Phng trinhg hoa hoc ( bieu dien phan ng hoa hoc , y ngha ) - Phan biet c hien tng hoa hoc - Lap PTHH khi biet chat phan ng va san pham ( trong tam ) II/ Chuan b: 1. Chuan b cua GV : Phieu hoc tap ( Theo noi dung trien khai trong tiet hoc ) . Hnh ve s o tng trng cho phan ng N 2 + H2 NH3 ( Bai tap 1/61 SGK ) 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut) 2) Kiem tra bai cu : ( 4 phut) Xac nh hien tng vat ly , hien tng hoa hoc trong cac trng hp sau ay : a/ Day sat c tan thanh tng oan nho va c tan thanh inh b/ ot chay sat trong Oxi thu c chat ran mau en ( Fe 3O4 ) . Giai thch (H) Vay hien tng hoa hoc la g ? The nao la phan ng hoa hoc ? Dau hieu nhan biet co phan ng hoa hoc xay ra . 3) Giang bai mi : * Tien trnh bai day : TG 15 Phu t Hoat ong cua GV Hoat ong cua tro Noi dung I/ Noi dung can nh 1/ Qua trnh bien oi chat nay thanh chat khac goi la phan ng hoa hoc - Trong phan ng hoa hoc ch dien ra s thay oi lien ket gia cac nguyen t phan t bien oi chat bien oi - So nguyen t moi nguyen to gi nguyen -Tong khoi lng cua cac san pham bang tong khoi lng cua cac chat tham gia 2/PTHH ( gom CTHH cua chat tham gia va san
*H1: ( Noi dung can nh)Sau khi kiem tra GV Ghi tieu ket tieu ket va cho HS nh Trong phan ng (H) V sao chat nay lai hoa hoc ch co bien oi thanh chat lien ket gia cac khac nguyen t thay oi GV nhan manh khi phan lam cho phan t ng hoa hoc xay ra th : nay bien oi thanh -Thay oi lien ket phan t khac -So nguyen t moi Chot lai v so nguyen to gi nguyen nguyen t gi (H) Phat bieu nh luat nguyen nh luat bao toan khoi lng ? bao toan khoi T bai KT goi HS viet s lng o cua phan ng ? -HS phat bieu nh (H) Hay lap PTHH tren ? luat bao toan khoi
59 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV (H) Cac bc lap phan t hoa hoc *H2 ( Bai tap ) Yeu cau HS oc bai tap 3/61 SGK (GV ghi san tren bang phu) Ch nh 1 HS giai Bai 3: GV kiem tra v nhap 1 vai HS va cho iem . Sau o cho HS nhan xet . -S dung hnh ve S o phan ng gia N 2 va H2 : cho HS e bai 1/61 , thao luan va tra li cac cau hoi : (H) Ten chat tham gia, san pham . (H) S thay oi gia cac nguyen t nh the nao ? Phan t nao bien oi , phan t c tao ra ?
pham ) II/Bai tap : 3/61 Fe + O2 Fe3O4 20 a/m(CaCO3)=m(CaO)+m(CO2) phu b/Khoi lng CaCO3 a 3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4 t phan ng 140 + 110 = 250 Kg % CaCO3 cha trong a voi: Nhom trao oi va 250 giai bai tap 3 100% = 89,3% -Viet cong thc ve 280 khoi lng -Khoi lng CaCO3 a phan ng -T le % ve khoi lng CaCO3 trong a 1/61 voi a/ Ten chat tham gia : kh -Suy ngh ca nhan Nit, kh Hyro . Ten chat phat bieu tng san pham : Amoniac . phan a, b, c cua bai tap b/ Trc phan ng : 2H lien ket nhau , 2N lien -Trc phan ng ket nhau , (2H, 2N) Sau phan ng : 3H lien (H) So nguyen t moi -Sau phan ng ket vi 1N nguyen to trc va sau (1N,3H ) - H2 , N2 : bien oi phan ng bang bao - H2 , N2 : bien oi NH3 : c tao ra nhieu va co gi NH3 : tao ra c/ So nguyen t moi nguyen khong ? nguyen to gi nguyen -Cho HS oc e trc va sau phan ng Bai tap 4/61 GV treo Tra li : ( 6H ; 2N ) bang phu va at cac So nguyen t N,H 4/61 cau hoi. eu c gi (H)Lap PTHH cua phan nguyen ng? C2H4+3O2 2CO2+2H2O C2H4+3O2 2CO2+ 2H2O (H)T le gia so phan T le t Thao luan nhom a So p.t C2H4:So p.t O2= C2H4 vi so phan t O2 ; tra li 1:3 CO2; H2O ? So p.t C2H4 : So p.t CO2 = 1 : 2 4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau :( 5 phut ) Co HS viet 4 phan ng sau a/ CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O ; b/ Na + 3H 2O NaOH + 2H2 c/ CaCO3 + HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 ; d/ Al + O2 AlO2 Hoi phng trnh nao viet cha ung ? Hay sa lai cho ung ( Gi y tra li) Cac phng trnh (b) ; (c) ; (d) Viet cha ung . sa lai la : 2Na CaCO3 + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Hoat ong cua tro lng
Noi dung
60 Giao an
4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3 Lam cac bai tap 2 , 5 / 60 61 SGK IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
Bai tap 17.1 ; 17.3 ; 17.4 SBT
Ngay soan: 26/11/2007 Tiet 26 : Chng 3 :
MOL VA TNH TOAN HOA HOC MOL
I/ Muc tieu: - Giup hoc sinh biet va phat bieu ung nhng khai niem mol , khoi lng mol , the tch mol cua chat kh . Biet so Avogaro la con so rat lon thng ch dung cho nhng hat vi mo nh ( nguyen t , phan t ) - Ren ky nang tnh so nguyen t , so phan t ( theo N ) co trong moi lng chat . - Hieu c kha nang sang tao cua con ngi dung n v mol nguyen t , phan t trong nghien cu khoa hoc , i song , san xuat cung co nhan thc nguyen t , phan t la co that II/ Chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : - Hnh ve ln trang 64 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK
61 Giao an
III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut) 2) Kiem tra bai cu : 3) Giang bai mi ( To chc tnh huong) 2 phut * Gii thieu bai : Cac em biet nguyen t , phan t co khoi lng kch thc cc ky nho be ( ch co the nhn thay chung bang loai knh hien vi ien t co o phong ai hang tram trieu lan ) . Mac du vay , ngi nghien cu hoa hoc can phai biet c so nguyen t , phan t cua cac chat tham gia vao san pham . Lam the nao e co the biet c khoi lng hoac the tch kh cac chat trc va sau phan ng ? e thc hien muc ch nay ngi ta a khai niem mol vao mon hoa hoc ( Ghi e bai len bang ) * Tien trnh bai day : TG 10 Phu t Hoat ong cua GV * H1: ( Mol la g ? ) (H) Mol la g ? ( La lng chat co cha 6.1023 nguyen t hoac phan t cua chat ) 6.1023 goi la so Avogaro = N (H) 1 mol nguyen t Fe co bao nhieu nguyen t Fe ? (H) 1 mol phan t H2O co bao nhieu phan t H 2O ? GV phan biet ro rang gia mol nguyen t va mol phan t roi at cau hoi : (H) 1 mol Hyro , cac em hieu nh the nao ? - Sau khi hoc sinh phan biet , GV can lu y cho hoc sinh la phai noi nh the nao cho ung . (H) Hay nhan xet cac chat co so mol bang nhau th so nguyen t , so phan t the nao ? (H) So nguyen t hoac phan t co trong moi lng chat sau : a/ 1,5 mol nguyen t Al c/ 0,25 mol phan t NaCl Muon tm so phan Hoat ong cua HS oc sach giao khoa e phat bieu tra li . ( La lng chat co cha 6.1023 nguyen t hoac phan t cua chat ) 6.1023 goi la so Avogaro = N Noi dung I/ Mol la g ? - Mol la lng chat co cha 6.1023 nguyen t hoac phan t cua chat o .
- 6.1023 : so Avogaro ( ky hieu N ) V du : - 1 mol Fe co cha N 1 mol nguyen t Fe co nguyen t Fe cha N nguyen t Fe - 1 mol H2O co cha N 1mol phan t H2O co phan t H2O cha N phan t H2O - Nam vng 2 cach noi mol nguyen t mol phan t - Co the hieu theo 2 cach khac : o la N nguyen t Hyro hoac la N phan t Hyro H2
- Hoc sinh khang nh : So mol bang nhau so nguyen t , phan t bang nhau . - Lam bai tap 1a , 1c trang 65 ghi ra ket qua So nguyen t , phan t = So mol x 6.1023 So nguyen t ( phan t ) = So mol x 6.1023 II/ Khoi lng mol la g ?
10 Phu t
62 Giao an
TG
10 Phu t
10 phu t
Hoat ong cua GV t , nguyen t ? *H2( Khoi lng mol la g ) GV : 1 nguyen t ( phan t) khong the can c nhng N nguyen t ( phan t ) co the can c bang gam . Trong hoa hoc , ngi t thng noi la khoi lng mol nguyen t Fe , khoi lng phan t H2O . Vay khoi lng mol la g ? yeu cau hoc sinh thao luan va tra li cau hoi a viet san ra giay va gan len bang . (H) Khoi lng mol la g ? (H) Cho biet nguyen t khoi cua Fe va khoi lng mol nguyen t Fe ( Cau hoi nh tren vi nguyen t khoi cua H , phan t khoi H2 , H2O , CO2 va MH , H2 , ) (H) Co nhan xet g ve khoi lng mol cac chat vi so nguyen t ( so phan t ) khoi lng mol nguyen t , phan t vi nguyen t khoi , phan t khoi ? * H3 ( the tch mol kh) - Nhng chat khac nhau th khoi lng mol cua chung cung khac nhau. Vay 1 mol cua cac kh khac nhau th the tch cua chung co khac nhau khong ? ( treo hnh ve , yeu cau HS tra li cau hoi ) (H) The tch mol chat kh la g? (H) cung K to, p nh nhau the tch cac kh H 2 , N2, CO2 the nao ? (H) ktc th the tch
Hoat ong cua HS
Noi dung
Thao luan muc II va tra li cac cau hoi cua giao vien . - La khoi lng tnh bang gam cua N nguyen t ( phan t ) chat o co so tr bang nguyen t khoi , phan t khoi . - Khoi lng mol (M) cua mot chat la khoi lng tnh bang gam cuaN nguyen t hoac phan t chat o , co so tr bang nguyen t khoi hoac phan t khoi .
- Khoi lng mol co so tr bang nguyen t khoi , phan t khoi .
M M M M
M
H O
=1g = 16 g
H2 = 2 g O2
H 2O
= 32g = 18 g
III/ The tch mol chat kh
Theo doi , quan sat va tra li - The tch mol chat kh la the tch chiem bi N phan t cua chat kh o . Co the tch bang nhau
- The tch mol chat kh la the tch chiem bi N phan t cua chat kh o . - 1 mol bat k chat kh nao, trong cung ieu kien ve to, p eu chiem nhng the tch bang nhau. - ktc ( 0oC , 1 atm ) the tch mol cua cac
63 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV cac kh o bang bao nhieu ?
Hoat ong cua HS
Noi dung chat kh eu bang 22,4 lt VD: ktc 1 mol kh H2 , N2 , CO2 co the tch la 22,4 lt
(H) Co nhan xet g ve the tch mol (ktc), khoi lng mol va so phan t cac kh H2 , N2 , CO2 ? V = n . 22,4 * H4 cung co Khoanh tron vao ch cai trc cau ung ( ap an : B ) A. So nguyen t H co trong 1 mol phan t hyro la 6. 1023 B. So nguyen t Mg co trong 1 mol nguyen t Mg la eu bang N phan t ) 6.1023 ( M Hyro = 2g ; MOxi = C. So nguyen t O 32g ) co trong 1 mol ( The tch cac kh la : phan t Oxi la 23 22,4 lt ) 6.10 1 mol phan t Oxi co cha N nguyen t oxi Neu co 1 mol phan t H2 va 1mol phan t Oxi, hay cho biet : a) So phan t cua moi chat la bao nhieu ? b) Khoi lng mol cua moi chat la bao nhieu c)The tch mol cac kh tren ( ktc) la the nao
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : ( 2 phut ) Hay khoanh tron ch neu cau ung, ch S neu cau sai - ktc, the tch cua 0,5 mol H2 la 11,2 lt ( ) - The tch cua 16g O2 bang the tch cua 16g SO2 cung ieu kien (S) - cung k the tch cua 0,5 molO 2 bang the tch cua 0,5 mol kh SO 2 ( ) Hay tm the tch (ktc) cua hon hp gom : 0,25 mol O 2 va 0,5 mol CO2 - Lam cac bai tap 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 trang 65 SGK
64 Giao an
- Xem trc noi dung cua bai hoc Chuyen oi gia khoi lng, the tch va lng chat IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
Ngay soan : 28/11/2007 Tiet 27 , 28 : CHUYEN OI GIA KHOI LNG , THE TCH VA LNG CHAT LUYEN TAP I/ Muc tieu : - Hoc sinh biet chuyen oi lng chat ( so mol chat ) thanh khoi lng chat va ngc lai , biet chuyen oi khoi lng chat thanh lng chat . - Hoc sinh biet chuyen oi lng chat kh thanh the tch kh (ktc) va ngc lai , biet chuyen oi the tch kh (ktc) thanh lng chat . II/ Chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : Mot so phieu hoc tap 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut) 2) Kiem tra bai cu ( 9 phut) 1/ Xac nh khoi lng cua : 0,15 mol CO 2 ; 2 mol Cu ( m CO2 : 0,15 . 44 = 66g ; m Cu : 2 . 64 = 128g ) 2/ Tm the tch kh ( ktc ) cua : 0,25 mol CO2 ; 1,5 mol O 2 ( The tch CO2 : 0,25 . 22,4 = 5,6 l The tch O2 : 1,5 . 22,4 = 33,6 l ) 6,6 GV : t bai kiem tra 6,6g CO2 cha bao nhieu mol ? ( = 0,15 mol ) 44 Nh vay co the tnh c khoi lng chat neu biet M va so mol hoac tnh c so mol neu biet M va khoi lng chat phep tnh nh vay goi la s chuyen oi 3. Giang bai mi : * Tien trnh bai day : TG 10 Phu t Hoat ong cua GV * H1: ( Quan he gia n , M , m ) GV da vao bai tap va sa a ra s o sau : Hoat ong cua HS Noi dung I/ Chuyen oi gia lng chat va khoi lng chat nh the nao ?
Thao luan va a ra cong thc :
65 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV 0,15 mol . 44 = 6,6 g So mol (n) x M = khoi lng (m) - Co the tnh c n neu biet m va m cua chat o khong ? (H) Tnh xem so mol cua 28g Fe ; 8 g MgO ( Thao luan nhom )
Hoat ong cua HS m=n.M m Rut ra n = M - Thao luan va a lng ra ket qua m 28 So mol Fe : = 0,5 n = M 56 mol 8 So mol MgO : =0,2 40 mol
Noi dung n : So mol chat m = n . M lng m: Khoi chat M : Khoi mol
10 Phu t
GV co the tm c khoi lng mol M cua chat , neu biet n va m. (H) Hay chuyen oi thanh cong thc tnh M? (H) Tm khoi lng mol cua hp chat A , biet rang 0,125 mol chat nay co khoi lng la 12,25 g ? S dung bang phu : 1/ Tnh khoi lng cua : 0,1 mol CuO 0,05 mol H2SO4 2/ Tnh so mol cua : 3,2 g Cu 7,4 g Ca(OH)2 3/ Mot kim loai co so mol la 0,2 co khoi lng la 5,4 g . Hoi kim loai nay la kim loai nao ? * H2: ( Quan he gia n , V ) GV quay lai bai tap kiem tra The tch kh :0,25.22,4 =5,6 l Va yeu cau hoc sinh a ra s o : (H) Tnh the tch ( ktc ) cua 0,2 mol O2 GV: t cong thc tnh the tch . Hay neu cong thc tnh n (ktc ) . (H) Hay cho biet 1,12 lt kh A (ktc) co so mol la bao nhieu ?
Ca nhan tra li - Thao luan va tra li: MA =

12,25 = 98 g 0,125
M=
m n
Thao luan nhom ( 2 nhom 1 bai ) m CuO = 0,1 . 80 = 8 g m H2SO4 = 0,05. 98= 4,9 g 3, 2 n Cu = = 0,05 mol 64 7,4 nCa(OH)2 = = 0,1 mol 74 M=
5,4 = 27 g 0,2
Kim loai la Al
II/ Chuyen oi gia lng chat va the tch chat kh :
n . 22,4 = the tch V Ca nhan len bang V l
V = 22,4 . n n: So mol kh V : The thch kh (ktc)
= 0,2 . 22,4 = 4,48
15 Phu t
Rut ra : n=
V 22,4
_ Ca nhan phat bieu
66 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV Hoat ong cua HS 1,12 *H3: Cung co : n= = 0,05 mol ( bang phu ) 22,4 1/ Tnh the tch (ktc) cua : a/ 0,175 mol CO2 V : 22,4 . 0,175 = b/ 1,25 mol H2 2 c/ 3 mol N2 3,92l 2/ Tnh so mol va the tch cua hon hp kh V H 2 : 22,4 . 1,25 = 28 l (ktc) gom co : 0,44g CO2 ; 0,44g H2 va V N 2 : 22,4 . 3 = 672 l 0,56 g N2 . - So mol hon hp kh bang tong so mol cac kh : n CO2 : 0,01 mol n H2 : 0,02 mol 3/ Tnh khoi lng cua : n N2 : 0,02 mol 0,1 mol Fe n hon hp : 0,05 mol 2,15 mol Cu V hon hp : 0,8 mol H2SO4 0,05 . 22,4 = 1,12lt
Noi dung
co
m Fe = 0,1 .56 = 5,6 g m Cu = 2,15 . 64 = 137,6 g m H2SO4 = 0,8 . 98 = 78,4g ( 10 Phut ) S o bien oi gia khoi lng , lng chat va the tch kh . V m n= n= 22,4 M
Khoi lng (m)
m=n.M V = n . 22,4 Bai tap 5/67 : 100 100 = 2,273 n O2 = = 3,125 mol n CO 2 = 32 44 mol The tch cua hon hp kh 20oC , 1atm la : 24 ( 3,125 + 2,273 ) = 129,552 ( lt ) Phieu hoc tap 1: (10 phut ) n ( mol ) m ( gam ) V ( lt ) ktc So phan t CO2 0,02 0,88 0,448 0,12 . 1023 N2 0,4 11,2 8,96 2,4 . 1023 CH4 0,3 4,8 6,72 1,8 . 1023 SO2 0,75 4,8 16,8 4,5 . 1023 ( 10 phut ) * Hay ghep cac khoi lng chat ( bieu th bang chc cai A , B , C , D vi cac the tch ( ktc) bieu th bang ch so 1,2,3,4 sao cho hp l . A 12,8g kh SO2 1 6,72 lt B C 4g kh CH4 9,6g kh O2 2 3 3,36 lt 5,6 lt
Lng chat (n)
The tch kh (V)
67 Giao an
D 4,4g CO2 + 0,1g H2 Tra li : A-4 ; B- 3 ; C-1 ; D- 2
4,48 lt
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau ( 15 phut ) BT : Mot hon hp gom 6,4gO2 va 4,4g CO2 . a) Tnh so mol va the tch ( ktc) cua hon hp kh ? b) Xac nh khoi lng mol trung bnh cua hon hp ? * Hng dan : - so mol hon hp kh : 6,4 : 32 + 4,4 : 44 = 0,3 ( mol ) -The tch hon hp kh : 0,3 . 22,4 = 6,72 lt - Khoi lng mol trung bnh hon hp : ( 6,4 + 4,4 ) : 0,3 = 36g IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung :
Ngay soan : 01/12/2007 Tiet 29 T KHOI CUA CHAT KH I/ Muc tieu : -HS biet cach xac nh t khoi cua kh A oi vi kh B -HS biet cach xac nh t khoi cua 1 chat kh oi vi 1 chat kh -Biet giai cac bai toan hoa hoc co lien quan en t khoi chat kh II/Chuan b: 1. Chuan b cua GV : Mot so phieu hoc tap , bang phu 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/Hoat ong day hoc: 1) On nh tnh hnh lp (1 phut) 2) Kiem tra bai cu : ( 9 phut )
68 Giao an
-Phai lay bao nhieu gam moi chat kh sau e chung co cung the tch la 5,6 lt ( ktc ) So mol Khoi lng ( gam ) GV : Trong 4 kh tren kh nao nang nhat HS : Kh nang nhat la Cl2 ; kh nhe nhat la H2 GV : Kh O2 nang hn kh H2 bao nhieu lan ? HS : Kh O2 nang hn kh H2 :
8 =16 lan 0,5
H2 0,25 0,5
O2 0,25 8
N2 0,25 7
Cl2 0,25 17,75
GV : Neu cung so mol = 1 mol th kh O 2 nang hn kh H2 : 32 = 16 goi la t khoi cua O2 oi vi H2 2 3) Giang bai mi : * Tien trnh bai day : TG Hoat ong cua GV Hoat ong cua HS GV: Bang cach nao co the biet c kh A nang hay nhe hn kh B ? *H1: ( Xac nh t khoi cua Da vao v du tren kh A vi kh B ) T v du rut ra c tren dan dat en cong MA d A/ B = M B thc tnh t khoi GV: Goi MA , MB lan lt la khoi lng mol kh A va B ; dA/B la t khoi cua kh A oi HS oc lai cong thc M vi kh B d A/ B = A ? MB
32 = 16 lan . Vay 2
Noi dung
10 Phu t
1/ Bang cach nao co the biet c kh A nang hay nhe hn kh B . M d A/ B = A MB MA : khoi lng mol kh A MB : khoi lng mol kh B V du : kh O2 nang hay nhe hn kh H2 bao nhieu lan ? 32 d O2 / H 2 = = 16 2 Vay kh O2 nang hn kh H2 16 lan
(H) tnh t khoi cua H2 /v N2 (H) N2 , O2 , Cl2 , CO , SO2 a/ nang hay nhe hn H2 bao nhieu lan ? (H) Biet kh A co ty khoi oi vi O2 la 1,375 . Hay xac nh khoi lng mol kh A ? T o viet cong thc tong quat tnh MA khi biet dA/B ?
10 Phu t
Nhom thao luan va tra li 32 d O2 / N 2 = = 1,14 28 -nhom trnh bay ket qua : H2 la kh nhe nhat , cac kh tren eu nang hn H2 MA = dA/B . MB -T cong thc MA 2/ Bang cach d A/ B = MB nao co the biet c kh A nang
69 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV Hoat ong cua HS * H2: M A = d A / B .M B (Xac nh ty khoi cua M = 1,375.32 = 44 A kh A oi vi khong kh ) (H) Khi nghien cu tnh chat vat ly cua mot chat kh , ngi ta can biet chat o nang hay nhe hn khong kh ? - Khong kh la hon hp gom hai kh chnh : 80% N 2 va 20% O2 ( ve the tch ) (H) Tnh khoi lng mol cua khong kh ( Mkk ) nh the nao Khoi lng mol khong kh la khoi ? lng cua 0,8 mol N2 + Khoi lng cua 0,2 mol O2 Mkk = ( 28 . 0,8 ) + ( 32 . (H) Hay neu cong thc tnh 0,2 ) 29 ty khoi cua kh A oi vi khong kh? (H) Kh CO2 nang hay nhe hn khong kh bao nhieu lan . V sao CO2 hay tch tu ay gieng , hang sau . GV: gi y e hoc sinh t suy luan ra MA = dA/ kk . 29 (H) N2 , O2 , Cl2 , CO , SO2 b/ Kh nao nang hay nhe hn khong kh va nang hay nhe hn bao nhieu lan ? (H) Mot chat kh co ty khoi oi vi khong kh la 2,207 . Hay xac nh khoi lng mol kh o ? * H3: ( Cung co) Co the thu nhng kh nao vao hnh ( t nhng th nghiem trong phong th nghiem ): H2 , Cl2 , CO2 , CH4 bang cach : a/ at ng bnh ? Cl2 , CO2 ) b/ at ngc bnh ? H2 , CH4 ) * dA/ kk =
Noi dung hay nhe hn khong kh
Khoi lng gan ung cua mot mol khong kh la 29g dA/ kk =
MA 29
V du : Kh CO2 nang hay nhe hn khong kh bao nhieu lan ? 44 1,52 d/ co2 / kk = 29 Kh CO2 nang hn khong kh 1,52 lan . MA = dA/kk . 29
MA 29
5 phu t
* MA = dA/kk . 29 - Nhom trnh bay ket qua 28 0,966 d/ = N 2 / kk 29 ( Nhe hn khong kh va nang bang 0,966 lan khong kh ) M = 2,207 . 29 = 64
Cl2 , CO2 H2 , CH4
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: ( 10 phut ) Phieu hoc tap : dA/ H 2 40 13 14
70 Giao an
MA 80 26 28 Bai tap : Kh X co cong thc RO2 . Biet dX/kk = 1,5862 . Hay xac nh cong thc cua kh X . MX = 1,5862 . 29 = 46 R + 32 = 46 R = 14 ( N ) Vay cong thc kh X la NO2 Bai tap : Ty khoi cua kh A so vi H2 la 32 . Vay A la : a/ O2 ; b/ SO 2 ; c/ CO2 ; d/ HCl ( Kha , gioi ) : Hon hp gom hai kh H 2 va N2 co khoi lng mol trung bnh M = 17,6 g a/ Xac nh ty khoi cua hon hp so vi CH 4 va khong kh b/ Tnh thanh phan % ve so mol va the tch cua moi kh trong hon hp 17,6 17,6 =1,1 0,6 CH 4 : 16 dhh / ; dhh/kk = 29 Goi x la so mol H2 co trong 1 mol hon hp ta co :
M
hh
= x . MH2+ ( 1 _ x ) M
N 2 = 17,6
Hay 2x + 28 ( 1 _ x ) = 17,6 x = 0,4 So mol N2 co trong mot hon hp bang 1 _ 0,4 = 0,6 mol % so mol H2 = 40% va % so mol N2 = 60% ay cung la % ve the tch cua moi kh IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
71 Giao an
Ngay soan : 06/12/2007 Tiet 30,31 : TNH THEO CONG THC HOA HOC I/ Muc tieu : - T cong thc hoa hoc a biet , hoc sinh biet cach xac nh thanh phan % theo khoi lng cua cac nguyen to hoa hoc tao nen hp chat -T thanh phan % theo khoi lng cua cac nguyen to tao nen hp chat , hoc sinh biet cach xac nh CTHH cua hp chat - Ren luyen ky nang tnh toan , cung co cach chuyen oi khoi lng lng chat va xac nh khoi lng mol t ty khoi . II/ Chuan b: 1. Chuan b cua GV : Mot so phieu hoc tap , bang phu 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp ( 1 phut ) 2) Kiem tra bai cu : ( 9 phut ) 3. Giang bai mi : Tiet 1 : Day muc 1 Biet CTHH xac nh thanh phan % cac nguyen to Tiet 2 : Day muc 2 Biet thanh phan % nguyen to , xac inh CTHH - Hay tm khoi lng mol cua kh co ty khoi oi vi O 2 la : 1,375 ( M = 1,375 . 32 = 44 ) - Hay cho biet kh CH4 nang hay nhe hn khong kh bao nhieu lan ? 16 = 0,55 . CH4 nang bang 0,55 lan khong kh ) ( d CH 4 / kk = 29 * Gii thieu bai : Ngay nay cac nha khoa hoc a tm ra hang trieu chat khac nhau co nguon goc t nhien hoac nhan tao v du : C 2H2 , C6H6 .. t nhng cong thc hoa hoc nay , ta khong ch biet c thanh phan cac nguyen to hoa hoc tao nen chung , ma con xac nh c thanh phan % theo khoi lng cua cac nguyen to trong hp chat . Chang han biet c ham lng am (N) trong cac phan am : am 1 la Ca(NO 3)2 ; KNO3 ; (NH4)2 SO4 am 2 la NH4NO3 ; Ure (NH2)2CO lan lt la : 17% ; 13,86% ; 21,2% ; 35% ; 46,7% Bai hoc hom nay se giup ta cach tnh % cua cac nguyen to trong hp chat . Tien trnh bai day :
TG 10 Phu t
Hoat ong cua GV * H1: ( xac nh % nguyen to trong hp chat ) GV: mot loai phan bon co cong thc la KNO3 va at cau hoi ? (H) CTHH KNO3 cho ta biet ieu g ?
Noi dung 1/ Biet CTHH cua Nam c muc tieu hp chat . Hay xac nh thanh Co 3nguyen to phan % cac K,N,O nguyen to trong KNO3 So ngt moi hp chat ngto V du : Xac nh Phan t khoi thanh phan % ( theo
Hoat ong cua HS
72 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV GV : t CTHH ta co the tnh thanh phan % theo khoi lng cua cac nguyen to trong KNO3 ? GV tnh va hng dan cach thc hien % K , %N , %O. Cuoi cung e hoc sinh t rut ra cac bc . (H) e xac nh thanh phan % theo khoi lng cac nguyen to trong hp chat , ta can cac yeu to nao ? . Hay neu cac bc tien hanh ?
Hoat ong cua HS
Noi dung khoi lng) cua cac nguyen to trong KNO3 M
PTK : KNO3 = 101 vC M KNO 3 = 101 g So mol nguyen t cua tng nguyen to K , N , O Khoi lng cua moi nguyen to % moi nguyen to - Thao luan va tra li - Neu 3 bc ( SGK ) * Tm khoi lng mol cua hp chat * Tm so mol nguyen t cua moi nguyen to trong 1 mol hp chat * Tm thanh phan % cac nguyen to .
KNO 3 = 101 g
15 Phu t
* H2: ( Van dung ) (H) Axitsunfuric co CTHH la H2SO4 . Hay tm thanh phan % cac nguyen to trong hp chat nay ?
Trong 1 mol KNO3 co : 1 mol nguyen t K 1 mol nguyen t N 3 mol nguyen t O 39 .100% = 38,6% %K= 101 14 .100% = 13,8% %N= 101 %O= 100% _ ( 38,6+ 13,8 ) = 47,6 % Cac bc tien hanh . * Tm khoi lng mol cua hp chat * Tm so mol nguyen t cua moi nguyen to trong 1 mol hp chat * Tm thanh phan % cac nguyen to .
Thao luan va tra li . M
H 2 SO 4 = 98g
1 mol H2SO4 co : (H) Tm thanh phan % 2 mol H ( theo khoi lng ) cac 1 mol S 4 mol O nguyen to trong : 2 a/ CO va CO2 .100% %H = 98 b/ Fe3O4 va Fe2O3 32 c/ SO2 va SO3 .100% %S = 98 %O = 100%_ ( ) - Nhom 1-6 cau a - Nhom 2-5 cau b Nhom 3-4 cau c 4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: ( 10 phut ) 3/71 CTHH cua ng la C12H22O11 a/ Co bao nhieu mol nguyen t C , H , O trong 1,5 mol ng ( Trong 1 mol C12H22O11 co 12 mol C , 22 mol H , 11 mol O Vay 1,5 mol C12H22O11 co 12 . 1,5 mol C ; 22 . 1,5 mol H ; 11 .1,5 mol O
73 Giao an
( 18 ) ( 33 ) (16,5 ) b/ Tnh M ( C12H22O11 ) la 342 g c/ Trong 1 mol ng co bao nhieu g moi nguyen to C , H , O ( Xem trc phan 2 cua bai ) IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
74 Giao an
Ngay soan : Tiet 31 :
10/12/2007 TNH THEO CONG THC HOA HOC ( tt )
I/ Muc tieu : Nh tiet 30 - Giup hoc sinh biet cach lap CTHH hp chat t thanh phan % nguyen to II/ Chuan b: 1. Chuan b cua GV : Bang phu , phieu hoc tap 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut ) 2) Kiem tra bai cu :( 9 phut ) 1/ Neu cac bc tien hanh e xac nh thanh phan % cac nguyen to trong hp chat ? 2/ Tnh thanh phan % ( Theo khoi lng ) cac nguyen to co trong CuSO 4 Hoc sinh: M CuSO 4 = 160 Trong 1 mol CuSO4 co % Cu = 1 mol Cu 1 mol S 4 mol O
64 .100% = 40% 160 32 .100% = 20% %S = 160 % O = 100% - ( 40 + 20 ) % = 40 % 3) Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai : Bai hoc trc chung ta a da vao CTHH e xac nh thanh phan % cac nguyen to trong hp chat . Ngc lai , neu biet thanh phan cac nguyen to th co the xac nh CTHH cua hp chat khong va bang cach nao ( neu co the ) ? o la noi dung cua tiet 31 ( Ghi e muc 2 : Biet thanh phan cac nguyen to , hay xac nh CTHH cua hp chat ) * Tien trnh bai day : TG 10 Phu t Hoat ong cua GV Hoat ong cua HS * H1: - Xac nh muc tieu ( Biet thanh phan cac nguyen to , xac nh CTHH cua hp chat ) GV : Da vao thanh phan nguyen to e xac nh CTHH co hai dang: * Neu dang bai cho thanh phan nguyen Ghi e bai , oc e to va khoi lng mol bai , phat bieu (H) Da vao % cac 64 .100 = 40% nguyen to va M . Hay T %Cu = 100 tm khoi lng cua 40 .160 = 64 g moi nguyen to M Cu , mCu = 100 Noi dung I/ Biet thanh phan cac nguyen to , hay xac nh CTHH cua hp chat .
V du : Mot hp chat co 40%Cu ; 20%S ; 40%O Biet khoi lng mol hp chat la 160g . Xac nh CTHH cua hp chat . - Tm khoi lng moi nguyen to co trong
75 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV mS , mO Trong 1 mol chat .
Hoat ong cua HS 20 .160 = 32 g mS = 100 mO = 160 - (64+32)= 64g nhan phat bieu 64 = 1mol 64 32 = 1mol 32 64 = 4mol nO = 16 nguyen t Cu la nguyen t S la 1 nguyen t O la 4 la CuSO4
- Ca (H) Tm so mol nguyen t cua moi nguyen nCu = to Cu , S , O trong 1 mol hp chat ? nS =
(H) Suy ra so nguyen - So 1 t cua moi nguyen So to trong mot phan t - So hp chat ? CTHH hp chat ? CTHH 15 Phu t
* H2 ( Van dung ) (H) Mot loai ong oxit mau en co khoi lng mol = 80g co thanh phan 80%Cu ; 20%O . Tm CTHH cua ong oxit ?
Thao luan nhom va trnh bay ket qua 80 .80 = 64 g 100 mCu = mO = 80 64 = 16g 64 = 1mol nCu = 64 16 = 1mol nO = 16 CTHH la CuO
Noi dung 1mol hp chat 40 .160 = 64 g mCu = 100 20 .160 = 32 g mS = 100 mO = 160-(64+32)=64g - Tm so mol nguyen t cua moi nguyen to trong 1 mol hp chat 64 = 1mol nCu = 64 32 = 1mol nS = 32 64 = 4mol nO = 16 - Suy ra so nguyen t cua moi nguyen to trong mot phan t hp chat CTHH Trong mot phan t hp chat co 1 nguyen t Cu , 1 nguyen t S , 4 nguyen t O CTHH la CuSO4
(H) Hp chat B co khoi lng mol 106 , thanh phan cac nguyen to : 43,4 % Na ; 11,3 % C va 45,3 % O . Xac nh cong thc hoa hoc
mNa =
43,4 .106 = 46 g 100 mC =
11,3 .106 =12 g 100 mO = 106 ( 46 + 12 ) = 48g nNa = 46 = 2mol 23 Cong thc hoa hoc hp chat la : Na2CO3 4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: ( 10 phut ) Bai tap 2a
76 Giao an
5/71 : Tm cong thc hoa hoc cua kh A . Biet rang : Kh A nang hn H2 la 17 lan - Thanh phan cua kh A la : 5,88%H va 94,12%S ( Hng dan ) MA = 17 . 2 = 34g 5,88 2 .34 = 2 g = 2mol mH = nH = 100 1 94,12 32 .34 = 32 g = 1mol mS = nS = 100 32 Cong thc hoa hoc la : H2S ( Kha, gioi ) a/ Mot hp chat co thanh phan : 52,94%Al va 47,06%O . Tm CTHH cua hp chat . b/ Mot hp chat co : 20,2%Al va 79,8%Cl . Tm cong thc hoa hoc ( Dang bai tap khong cho biet M ) Can tm ty le so mol nguyen t cua cac nguyen to trong hp chat . Ta co ty le so mol nguyen t cua cac nguyen to trong hp chat : nAl : nCl =
20,2 79,8 : = 0,75 : 2,25 = 1 : 3 27 35,5
Cong thc hoa hoc la : AlCl 3 IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
77 Giao an
14/12/2007 TNH THEO PHNG TRNH HOA HOC
I/ Muc tieu : - T phng trnh hoa hoc va nhng so lieu cua bai toan , hoc sinh biet cach xac nh khoi lng cua nhng chat tham gia hoac khoi lng cac chat tao thanh . T phng trnh hoa hoc va nhng so lieu bai toan hoc sinh biet cach xac nh the tch cua nhng kh tham gia hoac the tch chat kh tao thanh - Ren luyen ky nang tnh toan , ky nang giai bai toan theo phng trnh hoa hoc II/ Chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : 2) Kiem tra bai cu : (2phut) 3. Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai : C s khoa hoc e san xuat cac chat hoa hoc trong nganh cong nghiep hoac che bien mot chat hoa hoc nao o trong phong th nghiem la phng trnh hoa hoc . Da vao phng trnh hoa hoc ngi ta co the tm c khoi lng chat ham gia e ieu che mot khoi lng san pham nhat nh hoac vi mot khoi lng chat tham gia nhat nh se ieu che mot khoi lng san pham la bao nhieu . Bai hoc hom nay se giup ta tm hieu cac van e tren * Tien trnh bai day : TG 13 Phu t Hoat ong cua GV *H1: Bang cach nao tm khoi lng chat tham gia va san pham - GV : Neu cac bc tien hanh e giai bai toan theo phng trnh hoa hoc cho v du V du 1: Hay tnh khoi lng CaO thu c khi nung 50g CaCO3 . (H) Viet phng trnh hoa hoc xay ra ? (H) Tm so mol chat CaCO3 ? ( a cho ) (H) T phng trnh hoa hoc nhan xet g gia so mol CaO ? Vay t 0,5 mol CaCO3 tham gia phan ng , se thu c bao nhieu mol CaO Hoat ong cua HS Noi dung 1/ Bang cach nao tm c khoi lng chat tham gia va san pham : Viet ung PTHH cua phan ng Chuyen oi khoi lng cac chat a cho thanh so mol cac chat Da vao PTHH e tm so mol chat tham gia hoac san pham Ket qua
CaCO3 to CaO + CO2 n -
CaCO 3
50 = 0,5mol 100
Bang nhau T phng trnh hoa hoc ta co :
1 mol CaCO3 1 mol CaO
78 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV
15 Phu t
(H) Vay khoi lng CaO thu c la bao nhieu ? *H2: ( Cung co ) Vi du 2: ot chay 5,4g bot Al trong kh O2 thu c nhom oxit Al2O3 . Tnh khoi lng Al2O3 thu c Yeu cau hoc sinh : viet ung phng trnh hoa hoc cua phan ng , neu ten cac chat tham gia , chat san pham , can bang phan ng . (H) Chuyen oi 5,4gAl thanh so mol ? (H) Nhan xet ty le so mol cua Al va Al2O3 theo phng trnh hoa hoc So mol Al2O3 sinh ra ? Khoi lng Al2O3 sinh ra . V du 3: Tm khoi lng CaCO3 can dung e ieu che 42g CaO
Hoat ong cua HS Vay 0,5 mol CaCO3 0,5 mol CaO - Khoi lng CaO thu c la : 0,5 .56 = 28g - Nhom thao luan
Noi dung
oc lai e bai cac bc tien hanh
5,4 = 0,2mol 27 Theo phng trnh hoa hoc ta co : 4 mol Al .. 2 mol Al2O3 Vay 0,2 mol Al 0,1 mol nAl =
4 Al + 3 O2 2 Al2O3 4mol 2 mol 0,2mol 0,1 mol
10 Phu t
Nhom thao luan Trnh bay ket qua
V du 4: Sat tac dung vi AxitClohyric : Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 Neu co 2,8g sat tham gia phan ng . Hay tnh khoi lng HCl can dung ? ( S dung phng phap nh v du 2 )
oc e bai va giai bai tap 4 Fe + 2 HCl = FeCl2 + H2 1mol 2mol 0,05mol 0,1mol 2,8 = 0,05mol - So mol Fe : 56 - n HCl can dung : 0,05.2 = 0,1mol 1 Khoi lng HCl can dung : 0,1 . 36,5 = 3,65g
So mol Al2O3 : 0,2.2 = 0,1mol 4 Khoi lng Al2O3 thu c : 0,1 . 102 = 10,2g CaCO3 to CaO + CO2 1 mol 1 mol 0,75 mol 0,75 mol - Khoi lng CaCO3 can dung : 0,75 . 100 = 75g
4/ Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: (5Phut) - Hoc bai , oc trc phan 2 cua bai - Lam bai tap 3 cau a, b SGK trang 75
79 Giao an
1,6gCH4
- Tnh khoi lng O2 can dung e ot chay het
IV/Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
80 Giao an
18/12/2007 TNH THEO PHNG TRNH HOA HOC
I/ Muc tieu : ( Nh tiet 32 ) II/ chuan b : 1. Chuan b cua GV : 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ Hoat ong day hoc : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : 2. Kiem tra bai cu : 10 - Muon ieu che 7g CaO can dung bao nhieu gam CaCO 3 ( m CaCO 3 = 0,125 . 100 = 12,5 g ) 3. Giang bai mi : Gii thieu bai : Trong cau a cua bai tap 1/75 SGK yeu cau tnh the tch H 2 ktc . Nh vay , da vao phng trnh hoa hoc ngi ta co the tnh c the tch chat kh tham gia hoac tao thanh trong phan ng hoa hoc . Bang cach nao e tnh c ? Chung ta tm hieu trong tiet hoc nay . * Tien trnh bai day : Hoat ong cua GV Hoat ong cua HS * H1: ( Tnh the tch kh tham gia va san pham ) (H) Hay neu cac bc Hoc sinh tra li cac tien hanh e giai bai bc thc hien toan tnh theo phng trnh hoa hoc ? - e tnh the tch chat kh tham gia hoac san pham trong mot phan ng hoa hoc , cac bc giai nh tren nhng thay oi khoi lng chat thanh so mol chat la chuyen oi the tch chat kh thanh so mol chat hoac ngc lai . Noi dung 1/ Bang cach nao co the tm c the tch chat kh tham gia va san pham .
TG 15 Phu t
oc e bai va thao luan nhom : to C + O2 CO2 V du 1: Cacbon chay 4 = 0,125mol trong O2 sinh ra kh n O 2 : 32 Cacbonic . Tm the tch kh So mol CO2 = So mol O2 -
- Viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua phan ng - Chuyen oi khoi lng chat hoac the tch chat kh thanh so mol . - Da vao phng trnh hoa hoc e tm so mol chat tham gia hoac san pham - Chuyen oi so mol chat thanh khoi lng (m = n.M ) hay the tch kh ( ktc) V = n. 22,4. V du 1 :
81 Giao an
TG
10 Phu t
Hoat ong cua GV CO2 sinh ra (ktc) khi co 4g Oxi tham gia . (H)Viet phng trnh hoa hoc chuyen 4g kh O2 thanh so mol , so mol CO2 sinh ra ? The tch kh CO2 (ktc) sinh ra ? V du 2: Tnh khoi lng va the tch O2 (ktc) dung e ot chay het 112 lt Butan C4H10 (H) Viet phng trnh hoa hoc . Chuyen 112 lt C4H10 thanh so mol (H) So mol O2 phai dung ? (H) Tnh khoi lng O2 , the tch O2 (ktc)
Hoat ong cua HS =0,125mol The tch CO2(ktc) sinh ra : 0,125 . 22,4 = 2,8 lt Thao luan e tra li cac cau hoi .
Noi dung
V du 2 : - Da vao ty le so mol 2 C4H10 + 13O2 8CO2+ theo phng trnh hoa hoc 10H2O e tm so mol O2 = So mol C4H10 : 11222,4 = 5mol 5.13 = 32,5mol 2 - So mol O2 : m O 2 = 32,5 . 32 = 1040g 5.13 = 32,5mol 2 V O = 32,5 . 22,4 = 728 lt
2
112 = 5mol 22,4
- m O 2 can dung : 32,5 . 32=1040 g - V O 2 can dung (ktc) 32,5 . 22,4 = 728lt
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : (10phut) - Tnh khoi lng va the tch O2 (ktc) u dung e ot chay hoan toan a/ 0,62g P ; b/ 14g CO ; c/ Hon hp gom : 3,1g P va 6,4 g S - ot chay hoan toan 1 hon hp kh gom co CO , H 2 can dung 9,6g O2 , kh sinh ra co 8,8 g CO2 a/ Viet phng trnh hoa hoc xay ra ? b/ Tnh thanh phan % cua hon hp kh ban au theo so mol va theo khoi lng
Bai 4/75 . Hoan chnh bang Cac thi iem Ban au to t1 t2 Ket thuc t3 SO MOL CAC CHAT PHAN NG CO O2 20 10 15 7,5 3 1,5 0 0 SAN PHAM CO2 0 5 17 20
IV.Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:
82 Giao an
Ngay soan :22/12/2007 Tiet 34 BAI LUYEN TAP 4 I. MUC TIEU: - Biet cach chuyen oi qua lai gia cac ai lng. So mol chat (n) va khoi lng cua chat (m). So mol chat kh (n) va the tch chat kh ktc (V) Khoi lng chat kh (m) va the tch chat kh ktc (V) - Biet y ngha ve t khoi chat kh. Biet cach xac nh t khoi cua chat kh nay oi vi chat kh kia va t khoi cua chat kh oi vi khong kh - Ren ky nang van dung nhng khai niem a hoc (mol, khoi lng mol, the tch mol chat kh, t khoi cua chat kh) e giai bai toan theo CTHH va PTHH. II. CHUAN B: 1. Chuan b cua GV : Phieu hoc tap (theo noi dung trien khai tiet hoc) Bang nhom 2. Chuan b cua HS : - Hoc sinh : On lai bai Lap phng trnh hoa hoc. III. HOAT ONG DAY VA HOC : 1. On nh tnh hnh lp: 1 2. Kiem tra bai cu : 3. Giang bai mi : * Tien trnh bai day : TG 22 Hoat ong cua GV H 1 GV phat phieu hoc tap, yeu cau HS oc noi dung va chuan b lan lt tng cau hoi GV Lu y HS e tiet kiem thi gian trong nhom phan cong cac ban e tnh toan tng phan GV ghi iem cho ca nhom Cac cau hoi 2, 3 cung thc hien cung phng phap nh cau 1 Hoat ong cua HS Noi dung
HS : nhom chuan b 1. Mol : Em biet the cau hoi 1. Phan tnh nao khi noi : toan ghi vao v bai 1 mol nguyen t Zn ? tap 0,5 mol nguyen t 0 ? HS nhom phat bieu, 1,5 mol nguyen t 0 ? 2 ghi ket qua len bang 0,25mo phan t C0 2 ? khi GV yeu cau (1 HS nhom phat bieu, 1HS 2. Khoi lng mol : nhom ghi ket qua) Em biet the nao khi noi : Khoi lng mol cua HS : cac nhom khac nc la 18g nhan xet bo sung Khoi lng mol cua nguyen t hy dro la 1g ( neu co sai sot) ? The tch mol cua cac chat kh cung k (t 0, Khoi lng mol cua phan t Hidro la 2g? P) th bang nhau : The tch mol cua cac 3. The tch mol chat chat kh ktc (00, kh :
83 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV
Hoat ong cua HS 1atm) bang 22,4 l. Khoi lng mol khong giong nhau nhng the tch mol th bang nhau cung k (t0, P)
Noi dung Em biet nhng g ve : The tch mol cua cac chat kh cung k nhiet o va ap suat ? The tch mol cua cac chat kh ktc (00C, 1atm)
20
H 2 GV Chung ta va cung co cac khai niem ve mol, khoi lng mol va the tch mol cua chat kh. Bay gi chung ta tm moi lien he gia cac ai lng tren vi nhau. GV viet s o chuyen oi gia ai lng chat (n), khoi lng mol va the tch mol chat kh. GV dung bang nho hnh thanh s o cam ( nh phieu hoc tap), yeu cau HS len gan cac cong thc cho phu hp GV yeu cau HS viet s oi chuyen oi a hoan chnh vao v bai hoc H 3 II. Bai tap : Bai 3 / 79 SGK GV yeu cau HS oc noi dung bai tap 3 / 79 SGK va goi 1 HS khac len bang giai Mot hp chat co CTHH la K2C03. Em hay cho biet : a) Khoi lng mol cua chat a cho b) Thanh phan % theo khoi lng cua cac nguyen to co trong
Khoi lng mol va the tch mol cua nhng chat kh khac nhau ? 4. Tm cac cong thc HS : len gan cac the hien moi lien he cong thc 1, 2, 3, 4 cua (1), (2), (3) va (4) trong s o sau : vao s o m n V HS : viet vao v. (3) (1) HS : nhom chuan b (4) (2) cau hoi 5 phat 5. T khoi cua chat bieu tnh toan, ghi ket kh : qua khi GV yeu cau. Kh A nang hn kh B bang 1,5 lan.
d C 02
=
29
44 = 1,5 lan 29
hn kk
Kh C02 nang 1,5lan d S 02
=
29
64 =2,2 lan 29
HS : giai bai tap a) M K 2C 03 = (39 2) + 12 + (16 3) = 138g b) Thanh phan phan tram ve khoi lng 39.2 %K= 138 100%=56,52% 12 %C = 100%=8,7% 138
II Bai tap : Bai 3 / 79 SGK HS ghi vao v ) M K 2C 03 = (39 2) + 12 + (16 3) = 138g b) Thanh phan phan tram ve khoi lng 39.2 %K= 138 100%=56,52% 12 %C = 100%=8,7% 138 %0=100%(56,52%
84 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV hp chat Goi 1 HS xac nh dang bai tap. Bai tap 4 /79 SGK GV yeu cau HS oc e bai Goi HS xac nh dang bai tap Trong bai tap nay, theo cac em co iem g ang lu y Goi HS len bang lam : e : Co PTHH sau : CaC03 + 2HCl CaCl + C02 + H20 a) Tnh khoi lng CaCl thu c khi cho 10 g canxi cacbonat tac dung vi axit clohidric d b) Tnh the tch kh C02 thu c trong phong th nghiem. Neu co 5g CaC03 tac dung het vi axit. Biet 1mol kh ieu kien phong co the tch la 24lt
Hoat ong cua HS %0=100%(56,52% +8,7%) = 34,78% HS : oc e bai Bai tap tnh theo PTHH
Noi dung +8,7%) = 34,78% Bai tap 4 /79 SG K
Bai toan yeu cau tnh the tch kh C02 ieu kien phong : V1mol = 24 (l) HS : Sa vao v Giai PTHH CaC03 + 2HCl CaCl + C02 + H20 a) So mol CaC03 : m 10 nCaC 03 = = =0,1(mol) M 100 so mol CaCl2 : nCaCl 2 = nCaC 03 = 0,1mol
M CaCl2 = 40+(35,5.2)= 111g

Khoi lng : CaCl2 : mCaCl 2 = 0,1 111 = 11,1g b) So mol CaC03 : m 5 nCaC 03 = = = 0,05mol M 100 So mol C02
nC 0 2 = nCaC 03 = 0,05mol
The tch kh C02 la :
VC 0 2 = n 24 = 0,05 24 = 1,2l
4. Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: Lam cac bai tap con lai 1, 2, 5 / 79 SGK Hoc on toan bo Noi dung a hoc trong HK I e tiet sau on tap IV RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG : ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................
85 Giao an
Ngay soan : 28/12/2007 Tiet 35 ON TAP HOC KY I I. MUC TIEU: Biet c cau tao nguyen t va ac iem cua cac hat cau tao nen nguyen t. On lai cac cong thc quan trong, giup cho viec lam cac bai toan hoa hoc ( v du cong thc chuyen oi gia n, m ...) On lai cach lap cong thc hoa hoc cua mot chat da vao : + Hoa tr + Thanh phan phan tram (ve khoi lng cua cac nguyen to) + T khoi cua chat kh Lap cong thc hoa hoc cua chat. Tnh hoa tr cua mot nguyen to trong hp chat kh khi biet hoa tr cua nguyen to kia. S dung thanh thao cong thc chuyen oi gia khoi lng, the tch va lng chat vao cac bai toan. Biet s dung cong thc ve t khoi cua cac chat kh Biet lam cac bai toan tnh theo cong thc va phng trnh hoa hoc II. CHUAN B: 1. Chuan b cua GV :
86 Giao an
Chuan b e cng noi dung on tap 2. Chuan b cua HS : On lai cac Noi dung, ky nang c ban theo e cng on tap ma GV a phat cho cac HS t nhng tiet hoc trc. III. HOAT ONG DAY HOC : 1. On nh tnh hnh lp : 2. Kiem tra bai cu : 3. Giang bai mi : * Tien trnh bai day : TG Hoat ong cua Giao vien H 1 On lai mot so khai niem c ban : GV Yeu cau HS nhac lai nhng khai c ban di dang mot so he thong cau hoi nh sau : 1. Em hay cho biet nguyen t la g ? 2. Nguyen t co cau tao nh the nao ? Hoat ong cua Hoc sinh Noi dung
20
HS : Nguyen t la hat vo cung nho, trung hoa ve ien. HS : Nguyen t bao gom hat nhan mang ien tch dng, va vo tao bi nhng electron mang ien tch am 3. Nhng loai hat nao cau HS : Hat nhan c tao bi tao nen hat nhan va ac hat proton va hat ntron iem cua nhng loai hat Hat proton : (p) mang ien o ? tch 1 + Hat notron (n) : khong mang ien. Khoi lng hat proton bang khoi lng hat ntron (mp = mn) HS : Lp vo c tao bi 1 hoac nhieu electron Electron (e) : Mang ien tch 1 Trong moi nguyen t : so P luon bang so e HS : Nguyen to hoa hoc la nhng nguyen t cung loai, co cung so proton trong hat nhan. HS : n chat la nhng chat tao nen t mot nguyen to hoa hoc. HS : Hp chat la nhng chat tao nen t hai nguyen
4. Hat nao tao nen lp vo ? ac iem cua loai hat o ?
5. Nguyen to hoa hoc la g ?
6. n chat la g ? 7. Hp chat la g ?
87 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua Giao vien 8. Chat tinh khiet la g ? 9. Hon hp la g ? H 2 Ren luyen mot so ky nang c ban : GV : a e bai tap 1 len bang Bai tap 1 : Lap cong thc cua cac hp chat gom : a) Kali va nhom (S04) b) Nhom va nhom (N03) c) Sat III va nhom (0H) d) Bari va nhom (P04) Bai tap 2 : Tnh hoa tr cua nit, sat, lu huynh, phot pho trong cac cong thc hoa hoc sau : a) NH3 b) Fe2(S04)3 c) S03 d) P206 e) FeCl2 f) Fe203 (Biet nhom (S04) hoa tr II, Clo hoa tr I)
Hoat ong cua Hoc sinh to hoa hoc tr len HS : Hon hp gom 2 chat tr len tron lan vi nhau
Noi dung
10
HS : Lam bai tap vao v HS : lam bai tap 1 Cong thc cua cac hp chat can lap la : a) K2S04 b) Al(N03)3. c) Fe(0H)3 d) Ba3(P04)2
HS : Lam bai tap vao v va goi 1 HS len bang lam bai tap 2 a) Trong NH3, hoa tr cua nit la III. b) Trong Fe2(S04)3, hoa tr cua sat la (III) c) Trong S03, hoa tr cua lu huynh la (VI) d) Trong P206 hoa tr cua phot pho la (v) e) Trong FeCl2, hoa tr cua sat la (II) f) Trong Fe203, hoa tr cua sat la III HS : lam bai tap 3 a) 2Al +3Cl2 t 2AlCl3 b) Fe203 + 3H2 t 2Fe + 3H20
0
0
Bai tap 3 : Can bang cac phng trnh phan ng sau : a) Al + Cl2 t AlCl3
0
b) Fe203 + H2 t Fe + H20 c) P + 02 t P205

0
13
d) Al(0H)3 Al203 + H20 GV dan bai lam cua HS len bang, cho HS ca lp nhan xet va cham iem nhom H 3 Luyen tap mot so bai tap tnh theo cong thc va phng trnh hoa hoc : HS : nhac lai bai cu GV cho HS nhac lai cac bc cua bai toan tnh theo
c) 4P + 502 t 2P205 d) 2Al(0H)3 Al203 + 3H20

0
88 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua Giao vien phng trnh GV a e bai tap so 4 len bang Bai tap 4 : Cho s o phan ng sau :
Hoat ong cua Hoc sinh
Noi dung
HS : lam bai tap vao v
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 a) Tnh khoi lng sat va axt HCl a phan ng, biet rang the tch kh Hrydro thoat ra la 3,36lt (ktc) b) Tnh khoi lng hp chat HS : 1) Tnh so mol cua kh hidro : FeCl2 c tao thanh V 3,36 GV : Goi HS len cha va = nH 2 = = 22 , 4 22 ,4 cham v cua HS 0,15(mol) 2) Phng trnh : Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 3) Theo phng trnh : nFe = n FeCl2 = n H 2 = 0,15 (mol) nHCl = 2 n H 2 = 0,15 2 = 0,3 (mol) Khoi lng cua sat a phan ng la : mFe = n M = 0,15 56 = 8,4 (gam) Khoi lng axit a phan ng la : mHCl = n M = 0,3 (1 + 35,5) = 10,95(gam) Khoi lng cua hp chat FeCl2 c tao thanh la :
m FeCl2 = n m = 0,15 127 =

19,05 (gam)
M FeCl2
127(g)
= 56 + 35,5 2 =
4. Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : 2 GV Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau HS on tap e chuan b thi hoc ky IV RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG : ..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................
89 Giao an
.....................................................................................................................................
90 Giao an
Ngay soan : Tiet 37 TNH CHAT CUA OXI (tiet 1) I. MUC TIEU: Tnh chat vat ly, tnh chat hoa hoc cua 0xi Cach viet PTHH cua oxi vi lu huynh, photpho, sat va mot so chat khac. Biet cach s dung en con va cach ot mot so chat trong oxi II. CHUAN B: - Giao vien : 4 lo kh oxi, 1 t lu huynh, 1 t phot pho o, mot day sat xoan lo xo 2 muong sat, 1 en con - Hoc sinh : Nghien cu bai trc. III. HOAT ONG DAY HOC : * Tien trnh bai day : TG Hoat ong cua Giao vien H 1 Theo cac em s song tren trai at co the ton tai neu khong co oxi khong ? Vay 0xi co nhng tnh chat g ? H 2 Cho HS quan sat lo ng kh 0xi c thu san Nhan xet mau va Chat kh khong mau trang thai cua 0xi M nut lo ng kh 0xi, dung tay phay nhe Kh 0xi khong mui kh 0xi vao mui. Nhan xet mui cua 0xi a 1 lt nc 200C hoa tan c 31ml kh 0xi. Trong khi o 1 lt nc t0 nh tren hoa tan c 700CNH3. Kh 0xi t tan trong Vay kh 0xi tan nhieu nc hay t trong nc Hoat ong cua Hoc sinh HS : Khong Noi dung I Tnh chat vat ly :
Vay 0xi co nhng 0xi hoa long 1380C tnh chat vat ly g ? Chat kh khong mau, GV bo sung : 0xi hoa khong mui, t tan trong 0xi long co mau xanh nhat long 1380C, 0xi nc nang hn khong
Kh 0xi la chat kh khong mau, khong mui, t tan trong nc, nang hn khong kh
91 Giao an
long nhat
co
mau
xanh kh II Tnh chat hoa hoc : 1 Tac dung vi phi kim : a) Tac dung vi lu huynh
13
H 3 GV lam th nghiem a muong sat co cha mot t bot lu huynh vao ngon la en con. Nhan xet hien tng ? Sau o a lu huynh ang chay vao lo co cha 0xi So sanh hien tng lu huynh chay trong 0xi va trong khong kh ? Kh mau trang do nguyen to nao tao nen o la kh Sufuar, trong o lu huynh hoa tr IV. Em nao co the len bang viet PTHH bieu dien hien tng tren, cho HS khac nhan xet bo sung ieu kien va trang thai cua chat H 4 : Gii thieu vi hoc sinh cac dung cu hoa chat chuan b tien hanh th nghiem ot chay phot pho GV bieu dien th nghiem Cho mot lng nho phot pho o vao muong sat, ot chay phot pho ngoai khong kh. Yeu cau HS t nhan xet hien tng. Van oxi tac dung vi phot pho Sau o a nhanh mau phot pho ang chay o vao lo ng kh 0xi. Yeu cau HS quan sat hien tng va so sanh vi hien tng P chay trong
Theo doi th nghiem bieu dien cua GV Lu huynh chay tao ra khoi trang
Lu huynh chay trong oxi manh hn chay trong khong kh va eu tao ra kh mau trang. Do nguyen to S va 0 tao nen. PTHH S(R) + 02
S + 02 S02
S02(K) Kh Sunfuar
b) Tac dung phot pho :
vi
15
Quan sat thao tac th nghiem va hien tng xay ra
Phot pho chay trong khong kh tao chat mau trang
P chay trong oxi cung tao ra chat mau trang bam len thanh bnh nhng chay manh liet hn khi chay trong
92 Giao an
khong kh.
khong kh. 1HS len bang cho mot t nc vao bnh lac eu. Nhan xet mau bot trang tan het. trong PTHH : 4P(r) + 502(r) t P205(r) photpho pentoxit
0
Chat bot trang co tan nc khong ?
Bot trang la san pham cua P va 0, bot trang do nguyen to nao tao nen ? Goi 1 HS len bang viet PTHH bieu dien hien tng tren (cho biet P trong hp chat bot trang ay co hoa tr V) GV hng dan HS viet CTHH cac chat hnh thanh PTHH (kiem tra mieng). Lu y trang thai cua cac chat phan ng va san pham. GV hng dan HS nhan xet CTHH cac chat va trang thai cac chat. Ten san pham : Photphopentoxit H 5 Hng dan HS lam bai 7 tap 4 / 81
P + 02 t P205
0
Phot pho P (ran) Kh 0xi 02 (kh) Chat san pham P205 (ran)
HS : t viet PTHH 4P + 502 2P205 4mol 5mol 12,4 np = = 0,4mol 31 17 n0 2 = = 0,53mol 32
Goi HS len bang viet PTHH Xac nh t le mol cac chat tham gia phan ng. Tnh so mol cac chat theo e cho : m02 mp np = ; n0 2 = Mp M 02 e xac nh chat d chung ta phai so sanh t
0,4 0,53 < oxi d 4 5 So mol 0xi tac dung : n0 np le : va 2 t le nao 5 5 n0 2 tac dung = 4 5 np = 4 4 ln hn th chat o con .0,1 d = 0,5 mol e tnh lng chat d phai tnh lng chat tac dung
93 Giao an
So mol 0xi d : d = 0,53 0,5 = 0,03mol b) Lng chat tao thanh b) Chat c tao thanh la c tnh da vao lng diphotphopentoxit. P205 chat tham gia tac dung 1 1 n P205 = np = . 0.4 = het. 2 2 Lng P205 phai da vao 0,2mol lng P e tnh Khoi lng P205 tao thanh : M P205 = 0,2 142 = 28,4g 4)Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : Ve nha lam BT 3, 6 / 84. Hoc sinh kha gioi lam them bai (5*) / 84 Bai tap 3 : CTHH kh cacbonic C02 Bai talp 6 : a) V thieu 0xi b) Cung cap them 0xi Bai tap 5 : Tnh khoi lng 9 trong 21kg than a Tnh khoi lc C trong 24kg than a (%C = 100% 0,5% 1,5%) IV RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................
n02
94 Giao an
Ngay soan: Tiet 38 TNH CHAT CUA OXI (tiet 2) I. MUC TIEU: Biet c ieu kien bnh thng ve nhiet o, ap suat, oxi la chat khong mau, khong mui, tan t trong nc, nang hn khong kh. Kh 0xi la n chat rat hoat ong, ac biet nhiet o cao de dang tham gia phan ng hoa hoc vi nhieu kim loai, phi kim va cac hp chat. Trong cac PHH, nguyen to 0xi co hoa tr II. Viet c PTHH cua 0xi vi S, KP, Fe. Nhan biet c kh 0xi, biet cach s dung en con va cach ot mot so chat trong 0xi II. CHUAN B: Hoa chat : oxi c ieu che san va thu vao 3 lo 100ml, day sat (lay t day phanh xe ap), mau go nho (lay t que diem a s dung) Hoa cu : Tha ot, en con, diem III. HOAT ONG DAY HOC : * Tien trnh bai day : TG Hoat ong cua Giao vien H 1 Kiem tra : Hay cho biet tac dung cua 0xi vi phot pho, viet PTHH Hay neu tac dung cua 0xi vi lu huynh, viet PTHH ? GV : Gii thieu bai tiet hoc trc, chung ta a nghien cu tnh chat hoa hoc cua 0xi vi mot so phi kim. Oxi co the tac dung vi kim loai va cac hp chat c khong ? Tiet hoc nay, chung ta se tm hieu H 2 GV yeu cau HS oc SGK phan th nghiem. GV : Gii thieu oan day sat, a vao lo cha kh 0xi. Cac em co thay dau hieu cua PHH khong ? GV : Tiep tuc lam th nghiem Hoat ong cua Hoc sinh Noi dung
10
HS Tra li va viet PTHH len bang 4P+502 T 2P205

0
S + 02 T S02
0
15
HS : oc SGK HS quan sat GV bieu dien th nghiem HS phat bieu
II. Tnh chat hoa hoc : 2. Tac dung vi kim loai vi sat oxit sat t PTHH 3Fe(r) + 202(k) T Fe304(r)
0
95 Giao an
GV : Chat tao ra co CTHH la g ? Viet PTP Tng t nhom tac dung vi 0xi tao ra nhom 0xit. Em nao co the viet PTHH H 3 : GV : Chung ta a nghien cu tac dung cua 0xi vi n chat phi ki va kim loai, 0xi co tac dung vi hp chat khong ? GV : yeu cau HS oc SGK phan 3 / II GV : Kh 0xi tac dung vi hp chat nao ? San pham tao thanh la nhng chat g ? Viet PTHH
HS nhom quan sat, nhan xet phat bieu ve hien tng xay ra 4Al + 302 2Al03
10
3. Tac dung vi hp chat :
HS : oc SGK theo yeu cau HS : Phat bieu 1 HS len bang viet PTHH
V du : Kh metan chay trong khong kh do tac dung vi kh 0xi, PTHH
CH4 + 202 C02 + HS nhom thao luan phat 2H20 bieu 1 HS oc SGK (ghi nh phan 2) HS nhom thao luan len bang viet PTHH
H 4 Van dung : Kh 0xi la 1 n chat phi kim HS : lam bai tap 1 rat hoat ong, 0xi co the trang 84 SGK phan ng vi nhieu phi Viet PTHH, bai tap 3 kim, kim loai, hp chat tr 84 SGK 2C4H10 + 1302 8C02 + 10H20 GV Hng dan giai bai tap 4 : Lam bai tap vao v oc trc bai 25 IV. RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG : ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 10/ Ngay soan : 15/01/2007 Tiet 39 S OXI HOA- PHAN NG HOA HP. NG DUNG CUA OXI I/. MUC TIEU: - HS hieu c s oxi hoa mot chat la s tac dung cua oxi vi chat o . Biet dan ra nhng v du minh hoa . - Phan ng hoa hp la phan ng hoa hoc trong o co mot chat mi c tao thanh t 2 hay nhieu chat ban au . Biet dan ra nhng v du minh hoa
96 Giao an
- ng dung cua kh oxi : Dung cho s ho hap cua ngi va ong vat , dung e ot nhien lieu trong i song va san xuat . - Ren ky nang viet CTHH cua oxit khi biet hoa tr cua nguyen to kim loai hay phi kim - Ren ky nang viet PTHH tao ra oxit - Vai tro quan trong cua oxi trong cuoc song II/. CHUAN B : Giao vien : Bang phu co ghi e bai tap Tranh ve ng dung oxi Hoc sinh : On tap va lam bai tap ay du cua tiet 29 III/. HOAT ONG DAY HOC : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut ) 2) KTBC : ( 6 phut ) Hay neu tac dung cua oxi vi kim loai sat . Viet PTP minh hoa ? Ket luan the nao ve tnh chat hoa hoc cua oxi ?
HS1 tra li :
Fe3O4 Oxi tac dung vi sat nhiet o cao tao ra oxit sat t 3Fe + 2O 2 Oxi la mot n chat phi rat hoat ong ac biet nhiet o cao ot chay 12,4g phot pho . Tnh the tch kh oxi can dung ktc ? m 12,4 = HS2 tra li : nP = = 0,4(mol) M 31 4P + 5O2 2P2O5 4mol 5mol
n O2 = VO2 0,4 . 5 = 0,5(mol ) 4 = n . 22,4
to
to
2mol
= 0,5 . 22,4 = 11,2(l) 3) Giang bai mi : Gii thieu bai : S oxi hoa la g ?V sao khi nhot con de vao lo nho roi ay nut kn, sau mot thi gian con vat se chet ? Tiet hoc nay chung ta se tm hieu. * Tien trnh bai day : TG 10 Hoat ong cua giao vien H 1: S oxi hoa GV : Cac em hay tra li cac cau hoi sau : Hay neu ra 2 PTHH trong o oxi tac dung vi n chat va 1 PTHH trong o oxi tac dung vi hp chat ? Trong cac PHH o co iem g giong nhau , khac Hoat ong cua hoc sinh Noi dung I. S oxi hoa :
HS lam viec theo nhom : 1HS viet PTHH tren bang HS ai dien cac nhom tra li lan lt tng cau hoi :
97 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua giao vien nhau ve chat tham gia , san pham ?
Nhng phan ng hoa hoc neu tren c goi la s oxi hoa . Vay co the nh ngha s oxi hoa mot chat la g ? H 2 : Phan ng hoa hp GV s dung bang a viet san nh SGK Phan ng hoa hoc 4P + 5O2 2P2O5
Hoat ong cua hoc sinh Cac PTHH tren giong nhau : eu co kh oxi tham gia phan ng , san pham eu la hp chat cua oxi S tac dung cua mot chat vi oxi la s oxi hoa
Noi dung
S tac dung cua mot chat vi oxi la s oxi hoa V du : S + O2 t SO2 CH4 + 2O2 t CO2 +H2O II Phan ng hoa hp
o o
14/
3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4 CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 4Fe + 3O2 + 6H2O 4Fe(OH)3 Yeu cau HS nhan xet va tra li cac cau hoi : Hay ghi so lng chat tham gia va chat tao thanh trong cac PHH tren Co bao nhieu chat tham gia va bao nhieu chat san pham ? Cac phan ng tren co iem g giong nhau ?
So chat p/ chat s/ p
So
HS thao luan nhom tra li : HS ghi so lng chat tham gia va san pham
Chat tham gia PHH 1,2,3 la 2 va PHH 4 la 3 va san pham moi PHH la 1 Cac PHH tren eu Nhng PHH tren goi la giong nhau ve san phan ng hoa hp . Vay pham la 1 va chat nh ngha phan ng hoa tham gia t 2 tr len hp la g ? La PHH trong o GV thong bao : nhiet co mot chat mi o thng nhieu PHH sinh ra t 2 hay nhieu hau nh khong xay ra , chat ban au nhng ch can nang nhiet o e khi mao P luc au , cac chat se chay
Phan ng hoa hp la phan ng hoa hoc trong o ch co mot chat mi (san pham) c tao thanh t 2 hay nhieu chat ban au V du :
98 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua giao vien ong thi toa nhieu nhiet . Nhng P nay c goi la P toa nhiet
Noi dung CaO +H2O Ca(OH)2 4Fe + 3O2 + 6H2O 4Fe(OH)3 III ng cua oxi dung
4/
H 3 : ng dung cua oxi GV s dung hnh ve ng dung oxi . Yeu cau HS tra li cau hoi : Hay ke ra nhng loai ng dung cua oxi ma em a thay trong cuoc song Hai lnh vc quan trong nhat cua oxi la g ? Oxi co vai tro g trong cuoc song cua con ngi , ong vat va thc vat ? Trong trng hp nao ngi ta phai dung oxi trong cac bnh ac biet ? Tai sao ngi ta khong ot trc tiep axetilen trong khong kh ? Trong san xuat gang thep oxi co tac dung nh the nao ? Dung hon hp oxi long vi cac nhien lieu xop e lam g ? H 4 : Cung co HS lam bai tap 1 , 2 trang 87 SGK
HS thao luan nhom tra li : Oxi dung cho benh nhan cap cu , dung cho s ot chay . Hai lnh vc quan trong cua oxi la s ho hap va s ot nhien lieu oi vi con ngi , ong thc vat , oxi can cho s ho hap . Phi cong , chien s cha chay dung oxi trong bnh ac biet Axetilen chay trong oxi tao ra nhiet o cao hn Oxi co tac dung nang cao chat lng va hieu suat gang thep Oxi long e che tao mn pha a HS thao luan nhom va thc hien bang phu
a) S ho hap : Oxi hoa chat ding dng trong c the ngi va ong vat Benh nhan kho th , phi cong , chien s cha chay b) S ot nhien lieu : Hon hp axetilen va oxi e han cat kim loai Trong cong nghiep san xuat , ngi ta nap oxi vao lo e tang nhiet o , nang hieu suat va chat lng san pham Oxi long e che tao mn pha a
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: ( 1 phut ) Xem lai bai hoc lp Bai tap ve nha 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, trang 87 SGK Chuan b bai 26 IV/ RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG :
99 Giao an
Ngay soan : 20/01/2007 Tiet 40 Oxit I. MUC CH : - HS biet va hieu nh ngha oxit la hp chat cua oxi vi mot nguyen to khac - Biet va hieu CTHH cua oxit va cach goi ten oxit - Oxit gom 2 loai chnh la oxit axit va oxit baz , biet dan ra v du minh hoa cua mot so oxit axit va oxit baz thng gap - Van dung thanh thao quy tac lap CTHH a hoc e lap CTHH cua oxit II / CHUAN B : Giao vien : SGK, Sach GV Bang phu co ghi bai tap luyen tap Hoc sinh : Chuan b Giang bai mi III/. HOAT ONG DAY HOC : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp 2) KTBC HS1 tra li : S tac dung cua mot chat vi oxi la s oxi hoa HS cho v du Tra li bai tap 5 trang 87 SGK ? HS2 tra li : a) V cang len cao khong kh cang loang b) V khong kh la hon hp gom nhieu kh trong o co oxi, nhiet lng sinh ra con ot nong cac kh khac : ( 4 phut ) : ( 1 phut )
The nao la s oxi hoa , cho v du bang PTP ?
100 Giao an
c) V benh nhan lay oxi t khong kh kho khan va th lan khong the lay oxi t nc c 3) Giang bai mi : Chung ta a hoc ve tnh chat hoa hoc cua oxi . Khi viet PTHH , san pham tao thanh la hp chat cua oxi c goi la oxit . Oxt la g ? Co may loai ? CTHH cua oxit gom nhng thanh phan g ? Cach goi ten oxit ra sao ? o la noi dung bai hoc hom nay . * Tien trnh bai day : TG 7 Hoat ong cua giao vien H 1 nh ngha GV : Hay ke ten va viet CTHH 3 chat oxit ma em biet ? Em co nhan xet g ve thanh phan phan t cua cac oxit tren ? GV nhan manh : Trong hoa hoc nhng hp chat u 2 ieu kien (hp chat 2 nguyen to , co 1 nguyen to la oxi) goi la oxit Hay neu nh ngha oxit ? Hoat ong cua hoc sinh HS thao luan nhom va viet 3 CTHH cua oxit len bang con . Gom co oxi ket hp vi 1 nguyen to hoa hoc khac . Noi dung I nh ngha :
8/
8/
H 2 : Cong thc oxit Cac em hay nhac lai quy tac ve hoa tr oi Trong hp chat 2 vi hp chat gom 2 nguyen to th tch ch so va hoa tr nguyen to hoa hoc ? cua nguyen to nay bang tch ch so va hoa tr cua nguyen T cac CTHH tren to kia . hay nhan xet ve cac Gom co mot thanh phan trong cong nguyen to M hoa tr thc cua oxit ? n ket hp vi H 3: Phan loai nguyen to oxi theo GV cho v du ve 2 loai ung quy tac ve hoa tr oxit : CuO , Na2O , Al2O3 va : SO2 , P2O5 , CO2 Em co nhan xet g ve s khac nhau gia 2 loai HS thao luan nhom oxit tren ? phat bieu : GV nhan manh : Cac La oxit cua kim loai oxit: va oxit cua phi kim P2O5 CuO , Na2O , Al2O3 la oxit CO2
Oxit la hp chat cua oxi vi mot nguyen to hoa hoc khac
Oxit la hp chat cua 2 nguyen to , trong o co mot nguyen to la oxi . V du : SO2 , P2O5 , Fe2O3 II Cong thc oxit : Cong thc cua oxit MxOy gom co k hieu cua oxi O kem theo ch so y va k hieu mot nguyen to khac M (co hoa tr n) kem theo ch so x cua no theo ung qui tac ve hoa tr : II . y = n . x III Phan loai : Co 2 loai chnh : a) Oxit axit : Thng la oxit cua phi kim va tng ng vi mot axit . V du : SO2 , P2O5 , CO2 SO2 tng ng vi axit H2SO3 H3PO4 H2CO3
101 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua giao vien baz , cac oxit : SO2 , P2O5 , CO2 la oxit axit The nao la oxit baz , the nao la oxit axit ?
Noi dung
10/
b) Oxit baz : La oxit cua kim loai va tng ng vi mot baz V du : CuO , Na2O , Al2O3 Oxit baz la oxit cua kim loai , tng CuO tng ng vi ng vi mot baz . baz Cu(OH)2 Oxit axit thng la Na2O NaOH oxit cua phi kim , Al O Al(OH) 2 3 3 tng ng vi mot IV Cach goi ten oxit axit . Ten oxit : ten nguyen to + oxit V du: H 4 : Cach goi ten Na2O : Natri oxit oxit CaO : Canxi oxit Ten oxit c goi nh the nao ? Neu kim loai co nhieu hoa tr : Goi ten cac oxit sau : Na2O , CaO ? Ten oxit baz : Ten oxit : ten kim loai (kem theo Neu nguyen to kim Ten hoa tr) + oxit loai co nhieu hoa tr nguyen to + oxit th goi ten nh the nao Na2O : Natri oxit V du : e phan biet ? CaO : Canxi oxit Fe2O3 : Sat (III) oxit Goi ten cac oxit sau : Neu nguyen to kim FeO : Sat (II) oxit Fe2O3 , FeO loai co nhieu hoa Neu phi kim co tr th kem theo hoa nhieu hoa tr : Neu nguyen to phi tr sau ten nguyen Ten oxit axit : Ten kim co nhieu hoa tr th to phi kim (co tien to c goi nh the nao ? Fe2O3 : Sat (III) oxit ch so nguyen t phi Hay goi ten cac oxit FeO : Sat (II) oxit kim) + oxit (co tien sau : CO2 , SO3 , P2O3 , N2O5 Neu nguyen to phi to ch so nguyen t ? kim co nhieu hoa tr oxi) th kem theo tien to V du : ch so nguyen t CO : Cacbon ioxit 2 sau nguyen t phi kim va sau nguyen SO3 :Luhuynh trioxit P2O3:iphotpho trioxit t oxi N2O5 :init pentaoxit CO2 : Cacbon ioxit SO3 : Lu huynh trioxit P2O3 : iphotpho trioxit N2O5 : init pentaoxit
6/
H 5 : Cung co Bai tap 1/91 SGK ien vao cho trong trong cac cau sau : Oxit la .cua ..nguyen to , trong o co mot la Ten cua oxit la HS thao luan phat
102 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua giao vien ten.. cong vi t Bai tap 4/91 SGK
Hoat ong cua hoc sinh bieu : Oxit la hp chat cua hai nguyen to , trong o co mot nguyen to la oxi Ten cua oxit la ten nguyen to cong vi t oxit
Noi dung
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : ( 1 phut ) Hoc ky bai Lam cac bai tap 2 , 3, 4, 5 trang 91 SGK Chuan b bai 27 IV RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG
Ngay soan : 25/01/2007 Tiet 41 IEU CHE OXI PHAN NG PHAN HUY
103 Giao an
I / . MUC TIEU: - HS biet phng phap ieu che , cach thu kh oxi trong phong th nghiem (un nong hp chat giau oxi va de b phan huy nhiet o cao) va cach san xuat trong cong nghiep (cho khong kh long bay hi hoac ien phan nc) . - Biet phan ng phan huy la g va dan ra c v du minh hoa - Cung co khai niem ve chat xuc tac , biet giai thch v sao MnO 2 c goi la chat xuc tac trong phan ng un nong hon hp KClO 3 va MnO2 - Ren ky nang quan sat qua cac thao tac cua GV , HS biet cach lap thiet b ieu che oxi , cach tien hanh th nghiem va thu kh oxi . - Ren luyen ky nang s dung en con , kep , ong nghiem . - Ren ky nang viet PTP , ky nang tnh toan . -Tao hng thu khi hoc tap bo mon II/ CHUAN B: Giao vien : Hoa chat : KMnO4 , KClO3 , MnO2 Hoa cu thuy tinh ng nc , diem , muong lay hoa chat , kep ong nghiem , gia sat Hoc sinh : On lai bai tnh chat oxi va chuan b bai 27 III/ .HOAT ONG DAY HOC : 1 ) n nh lp : ( 1 phut ) 2 ) KTBC HS1 tra li : Oxit la hp chat cua oxi vi mot nguyen to hoa hoc khac . HS cho v du P2O5 (H)The nao la oxit axit , oxit baz ? Goi ten cac oxit sau : ZnO , CuO , SiO 2 , (danh cho HS kha , gioi) HS2 tra li : Khai niem oxit axit va oxit baz nh v ghi ZnO :kem oxit ; CuO :ong(II) oxit ; SiO2 : Silic ioxit P2O5 ; iphotphopentaoxit 3) Giang bai mi : Kh oxi co rat nhieu trong khong kh . Co cach nao tach rieng oxi t kh quyen ? Trong phong th nghiem muon co mot lng nho kh oxi th lam the nao ? * Tien trnh bai day : : ( 4 phut ) (H) Oxit la g ? Cho v du (danh cho HS trung bnh , yeu) : en con , ong nghiem , ong dan kh , chau
104 Giao an
TG 20/
Hoat ong cua GV H 1 : ieu che oxi trong phong th nghiem GV neu cau hoi : Nhng chat nao co the c dung lam nguyen lieu ieu che oxi trong phong th nghiem ?
Hoat ong cua HS
Noi dung I ieu che oxi trong phong th nghiem :
HS thao luan nhom phat bieu : Nhng chat dung e ieu che oxi la nhng chat co cha Hay ke ra nhng chat oxi trong thanh phan ma trong thanh phan co oxi Nhng chat co ? cha oxi trong thanh GV cho HS quan sat mau cac phan : H2O , KmnO4 , chat KMnO4 , KClO3 ng trong KClO3 lo va gii thieu ch co 2 chat neu tren la giau oxi va de b phan huy nen chon 2 chat nay lam nguyen lieu ieu che oxi trong phong th nghiem . GV hng dan va yeu cau nhom HS lam th nghiem HS nhom lam th ieu che kh oxi bang cach nghiem theo s un nong KMnO4 trong ong hng dan cua GV nghiem , thu kh oxi bang cach ay khong kh trong ong nghiem Lam the nao biet c kh oxi sinh ra a ay ong Dung que om co nghiem ? (v oxi la kh khong than hong a vao mieng ong nghiem , mau , khong mui) neu que om chay bung len thanh ngon GV yeu cau HS oc SGK la oxi a ay phan I 1b trang 92 ong nghiem HS quan sat th nghiem do GV bieu dien ve un nong HS oc SGK trang 92
7/
Trong phong th nghiem , kh oxi c ieu che bang cach un nong nhng hp chat giau oxi va de b phan huy nhiet o cao nh KMnO4 va KClO3 trong ong nghiem , sau KClO3 quan sat th o them MnO2 vao va un HS 2KClO3 t 2KCl nghiem bieu dien nong + GV hng dan cach lap cua GV 3O 2 dung cu , cach tien hanh t 2KMnO 4 O2 th nghiem . Cach thu kh oxi (theo 2 cach) + MnO2 + K2MnO4 Qua 2 TN tren em co nhan xet g ve ieu che oxi trong phong th nghiem ? H 2 : San xuat kh oxi HS oc ket luan trong trong cong nghiep SGK phan I 2 trang 92 GV chuyen y : Trong cong II San xuat kh nghiep va i song can oxi trong cong mot lng ln kh oxi , neu nghiep : theo cach ieu che trong 1) San xuat kh phong TN , th nguyen lieu ,
o o
105 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV gia thanh , thiet b khong cho phep Trong cong nghiep ngi ta phai san xuat kh oxi t nguyen lieu re tien va san co , o la nguyen lieu nao ? Vay ngi ta san xuat kh oxi t khong kh va t nc nh the nao ?
8/ H 3 : Phan ng phan huy GV s dung bang viet san nh SGK phan III Phan ng hoa hoc 2KClO3 t 2KCl + 3O2 2KMnO4 t O2 + MnO2 + K2MnO4 t CaCO3 CaO + CO2
o o o
Noi dung oxi t khong kh : Hoa long khong kh nhiet o thap ap suat cao , sau o cho khong kh Khong kh va nc long bay hi . la 2 nguon nguyen Trc het thu lieu vo tan e san c kh nit ( xuat kh oxi trong 196oC), sau o la cong nghiep . kh oxi ( 183oC) HS tra li nh SGK b) San xuat kh oxi t nc : ien phan nc trong cac So chat P So bnh ien phan , chat SP se thu c 2 kh oxi va hiro 2H2O O2+2H2 III Phan ng phan huy :
dp
Hoat ong cua HS
GV yeu cau HS : Hay ien vao cho trong cac cot ng vi cac phan ng . Nhng phan ng tren ay c goi la phan ng phan huy . Vay the nao la phan ng phan huy ? Cho v du khac ve phan ng phan huy va giai thch ? Trong phan ng phan huy KClO3 , MnO2 co vai tro g ?
HS ien vao cot th 2 va3 : So chat tham gia moi P la 1 , so san pham P(1) va(3) la 2 , P(2) la 3 La PHH trong o co 1 chat sinh ra nhieu chat mi HS cho nhng v du khac Trong P phan huy KClO3 , MnO2 co vai tro la chat xuc tac , thuc ay cho P xay ra nhanh , khong b tieu hao sau P
Phan ng phan huy la phan ng hoa hoc trong o mot chat sing ra hai hay nhieu chat mi V du : 2KMnO4 t O2 + MnO2 + K2MnO4 CaCO3 t CaO + CO2
o o
4/
H 4 : Cung co Bai tap 2 ,3 trang 94 SGK
HS thao luan nhom
106 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV
Hoat ong cua HS tra li
Noi dung
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: ( 1 phut ) Hoc ky bai Lam cac bai tap 4 , 5, 6 trang 94 SGK Chuan b bai Khong kh S chay IV RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG
Ngay soan : 28/01/2007 Tiet 42 KHONG KH S CHAY I/ MUC TIEU: - Biet khong kh la hon hp nhieu chat kh , thanh phan cua khong kh theo the tch gom 78% nit , 21% oxi , 1% cac kh khac . - Biet s chay la s oxi hoa co toa nhiet va phat sang , con s oxi hoa cham cung la s oxi hoa co toa nhiet nhng khong phat sang . - Biet va hieu ieu kien phat sinh s chay va biet cach dap tat s chay . - Ren ky nang quan sat , tm hieu cac hien tng th nghiem hoac giai thch , dap tat am chay - HS hieu va co y thc gi cho bau khong kh khong b o nhiem va phong chong chay II/ CHUAN B : Giao vien : Hoa chat : photpho o Hoa cu 2 au , nut cao su co tha ot hoa chat xuyen qua nut , que om Hoc sinh : Chuan b bai 28 III/ HOAT ONG DAY HOC: 1) On nh tnh hnh lp 2) KTBC : ( 9 phut ) : ( 1 phut) : Chau nc , diem , en con , ong ong trong
107 Giao an
(H) Nhng chat nao co the dung lam nguyen lieu ieu che oxi trong phong TN ? Viet phng trnh phan ng ieu che oxi t kalipemanganat ? Goi ten P ? HS1 tra li ( KMnO4 , KClO3 ) PTHH : 2KMnO4 t O2 +MnO2 + K2MnO4 La phan ng phan huy (H) Cha bai tap 4a trang 94 SGK m 48 nO2 = = = 1,5(mol ) HS2 tra li 2KClO3 t 2KCl + 3O2 M 32 1,5 .2 n KClO3 = = 0,1(mol ) 3 m KClO3 = n . M
o o
= 0,1 . 122,5 = 12,25(g) 3) Giang bai mi : Gii thieu bai : Co cach nao xac nh thanh phan khong kh ? Khong kh co lien quan g en s chay ? Tai sao khi co gio to th am chay cang de boc to hn ? Lam the nao e dap tat c am chay ? * Tien trnh bai day : TG 18/ Hoat ong cua GV H 1 : Thanh phan cua khong kh GV lam th nghiem bieu dien e xac nh thanh phan cua khong kh . HS quan sat va tra li cau hoi sau : Khi photpho chay mc nc trong ong thuy tinh thay oi nh the nao ? Chat g trong ong a tac dung vi photpho e tao ra khoi trang P2O5 b tan dan trong nc ? Photpho trong muong van con nhng khong chay na , mc nc trong ong thuy tinh dang len en vach th 2 V sao ? Qua o em co ket luan g ve thanh phan cua oxi trong khong kh ? Chat kh con lai trong ong thuy tinh khong duy tr s chay , s song , khong lam uc nc voi trong , vay la kh g ? Qua TN tren em co nhan xet g ve thanh phan cua khong kh ? Noi dung I Thanh phan cua khong kh : HS quan sat TN bieu 1) Th nghiem : dien cua GV (xem SGK) HS thao luan nhom va tra li cau hoi : Mc nc trong ong thuy tinh khong thay oi Oxi a tac dung vi photpho e tao ra khoi trang P2O5 tan dan trong nc P trong muong van con nhng khong chay na v a het oxi, mc nc dang len en vach th 2 chng to oxi chiem 1/5 the tch khong kh Chat kh con lai chu yeu la nit , chiem khoang 4/5 ve the tch Ket luan : Khong kh la Khong kh la hon hp hon hp kh trong nhieu chat kh trong o o kh oxi chiem oxi chiem khoang 1/5 21% the tch ve the tch , phan con khong kh , phan lai chu yeu la nit con lai hau het la kh nit Hoat ong cua HS
7/
108 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV H 2 : Ngoai kh oxi va kh nit , khong kh con cha nhng chat g ? GV chuyen y : Ngoai kh oxi va kh nit ra khong kh con cha nhng chat g khac ? Cac em hay tra li cac cau hoi sau : Hay tm dan chng neu ro trong khong kh co cha mot t hi nc ?
Hoat ong cua HS
Noi dung 2. Ngoai kh oxi va kh nit , khong kh con cha nhng chat g ?
5/
HS thao luan nhom va phat bieu : Coc nc lanh e ngoai khong kh , xuat hien nhng giot nc ben ngoai thanh coc . Hien tng sng mu , chng to trong khong kh co hi nc Kh CO2 co san trong khong kh tac dung vi Khi quan sat tren mat nc voi tao thanh trang mong nc ho voi toi thay co mang mang trang mong do kh tren mat ho voi . CO2 tac dung vi nc Cac kh khac nh CO2 , voi , kh nay au ra ? hi nc , kh hiem , bui Cac kh khac ngoai oxi khoi chiem khoang 1% va nit , chiem t le the ve the tch khong kh tch la bao nhieu trong khong kh ?
4/
Trong khong kh , ngoai 21% ve the tch kh oxi , 78% ve the tch kh nit , con lai 1% cac kh khac (CO2 , hi nc , kh hiem , HS thao luan nhom bui khoi ) va tra li : 3 ) Bao ve Trong khong kh khu khong kh trong H 3 : Bao ve khong kh cong nghiep co nhieu lanh , tranh o trong lanh , tranh o bui khoi , CO , CO2 nhiem : hn vung nong thon nhiem GV yeu cau HS tra li Trong khong kh , thanh phan kh oxi va cac cau hoi sau : Thanh phan khong kh kh nit khong oi , khu cong nghiep va nhng thanh phan mot nong thon co g khac so chat CO , CO2 , bui khoi th thay oi theo nhau ? tng vung Gay hai en sc Co nhan xet g ve khoe con ngi , ong thanh phan cua khong kh thc vat , pha hoai tng vung khac nhau ? dan nhng cong trnh xay dng Phai x l kh thai , trong va bao ve rng Khong kh b o nhiem , trong cay xanh Can bao ve co hai nh the nao ? khong kh trong HS chon cau ung la lanh : trong cay , trong rng , cau C HS tra li theo bai han che kh thai Lam g e bao ve hoc
109 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV khong kh trong lanh ? H 4 : Cung co Bai tap 1 trang 99 SGK Bai tap 2 trang 99 SGK
Hoat ong cua HS
Noi dung
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: (1 phut ) Hoc ky bai Lam cac bai tap,1 , 2 ,7 trang 99 SGK Hng dan bai 7/99 SGK : a) 24 . 0,5m3 b) 24 .0,5 . 1/3 Chuan b phan II cua bai 28
IV / RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
Ngay soan : 31/01/2007 Tiet 42 KHONG KH S CHAY (tt) I/ MUC TIEU: - Biet s chay la s oxi hoa co toa nhiet va phat sang , con s oxi hoa cham cung la s oxi hoa co toa nhiet nhng khong phat sang .
110 Giao an
- Biet va hieu ieu kien phat sinh s chay va biet cach dap tat s chay . - Lien he c vi cac hien tng trong thc te . - HS hieu va co y thc phong chong chay II / CHUAN B : Giao vien : Sach giao khoa , sach giao vien Hoc sinh : Chuan b bai 28 phan II III/ HOAT ONG DAY HOC : 1 ) On nh tnh hnh lp 2 ) KTBC : ( 1 phut ) : ( 6 phut )
(H) Khong kh la hon hp nhieu chat kh . Hay cho biet thanh phan theo the tch cua khong kh ? (danh cho HS trung bnh , yeu) HS 1 tra li (nh v ghi) (H) Khong kh b o nhiem co the gay ra nhng tac hai g ? Phai lam g e bao ve khong kh trong lanh ? (danh cho HS trung bnh , yeu) HS2 tra li Khong kh b o nhiem gay hai en sc khoe con ngi , ong thc vat , pha hoai dan nhng cong trnh xay dng Can bao ve khong kh trong lanh : trong cay , trong rng , han che kh thai 3 ) Giang bai mi : Gii thieu bai : Chung ta a nghien cu ve thanh phan theo the tch cua khong kh . Khi noi en khong kh , khong the bo qua s chay va s oxi hoa cham , o la 2 lnh vc ng dung quan trong nhat cua oxi . S chay va s oxi hoa cham la g ? Tiet hoc nay chung ta se ro . * Tien trnh bai day : TG 20/ Hoat ong cua GV H 1: S chay va s oxi hoa cham GV yeu cau HS thao luan va tra li cac cau hoi sau : S tac dung cua oxi vi n chat Photpho , lu huynh , sat ,hay hp chat kh metan , khi ot cac chat nay co hien tng g ? Noi dung II .S chay va s oxi hoa cham HS thao luan nhom 1) S chay : va tra li : Khi ot cac chat photpho , lu huynh , sat , kh metan , cac chat nay chay c la do tac dung vi oxi , ong thi toa nhiet va phat sang . S chay la s oxi Ngi ta goi o la s hoa co toa nhiet S chay la s oxi chay , vay s chay la va phat sang Ban chat cua hoa co toa nhiet g ? chung giong nhau , va phat sang S chay cua mot chat o la s oxi hoa . trong khong kh va trong Khac nhau : S chay oxi co g giong nhau va trong oxi xay ra nhanh hn , manh liet hn khac nhau ? trong kh/ kh Nhien lieu chay Hoat ong cua HS
111 Giao an
TG
13/
Hoat ong cua HS trong oxi tao ra nhiet o cao hn trong Tai sao nhien lieu chay khong kh , la v trong trong oxi tao ra nhiet o khong kh , the tch kh cao hn trong khong kh ? nit gap 4 lan the tch kh oxi , dien tch tiep xuc cua chat chay vi cac phan t oxi t hn nhieu lan nen s chay dien ra cham hn , mot phan nhiet b tieu hao e ot nong kh nit nen nhiet o at c Cac o vat bang gang thap hn thep e lau ngay trong S oxi hoa cham la khong kh b g , thc s oxi hoa co toa an trong c the chung ta nhiet nhng khong dien ra s oxi hoa cham , phat sang tao ra nang lng giup ta hoat ong . Vay s oxi hoa cham la g ? S oxi hoa cham va s chay co g giong nhau Giong nhau : eu la va khac nhau ? s oxi hoa co toa nhiet Khac nhau : s chay co phat sang , The nao la s t boc s oxi hoa cham khong phat sang chay ? Trong nhng ieu kien nhat nh s oxi hoa cham chuyen thanh s chay , o GV : V vay trong cac nha la s t boc chay may ngi ta cam khong c chat gie lau may co dnh dau m thanh ong e e phong s t boc chay . H 2 : ieu kien phat sinh va cac bien phap dap tat s chay GV : Cac em hay tm hieu trong SGK , ket hp vi nhng hieu biet cua Chat o phai c mnh , hay tra li cac ot nong len va phai cung cap u oxi cau hoi sau : Mot chat muon chay Que cui nho dien c can phai co nhng tch tiep xuc vi oxi ln hn que cui to , v ieu kien g ? vay no de chay hn
Hoat ong cua GV
Noi dung
2) S oxi hoa cham S oxi hoa cham la s oxi hoa co toa nhiet nhng khong phat sang
3) ieu kien phat sinh va cac bien phap dap tat s chay : Cac ieu kien phat sinh s chay la: + Chat phai nong en nhiet o chay + Phai co u oxi cho s chay Muon dap tat s chay , can phai thc hien mot hay
112 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV V sao que cui nho lai de chay hn que cui to ?
4/
Hoat ong cua HS Ngan cach khong cho chat chay tiep xuc vi oxi bang cach trum vai day , phu cat len, hoac Mot chat ang chay , ha nhiet o cua vat muon dap tat phai lam chay xuong di the nao ? nhiet o chay bang cach cho nc vao chat chay (nc va co tac dung ngan cach chat chay vi oxi va ha nhiet o cua chat chay)
Noi dung ong thi ca hai bien phap sau : + Ha nhiet o cua chat chay xuong di nhiet o chay + Cach li chat chay vi kh oxi
ieu kien e mot vat co the chay la : vat phai nong en nhiet o chay va phai cung cap u kh oxi . e cho mot vat tiep tuc chay th phai cung cap u oxi . V dau khong tan trong nc va nhe Bai tap 6 : Muon dap hn nc , lam lan tat ngon la do xang rong ra am chay dau chay , ngi ta cang to them . thng trum vai day hoac phu cat len ngon la , ma khong dung nc . Giai thch tai sao ? H 3: Cung co HS thc hien bai tap 5 , 6 trang 99 SGK Bai tap 5 : Nhng ieu kien can thiet e cho mot vat co the chay va tiep tuc chay c la g ? 4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: ( 1 phut ) Hoc ky bai Lam cac bai tap : 3 , 4 ,5 , 6 trang 99 SGK Chuan b 29 Hoc on cac Noi dung chng 4 IV/ RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
113 Giao an
Ngay soan : 02/02/2007 Tiet 44 : BAI LUYEN TAP 5 I/ Muc tieu : - Cung co , he thong hoa cac Noi dung va cac khai niem hoa hoc trong chng 4 ve Oxi khong kh : Tnh chat vat ly , tnh chat hoa hoc , ng dung ieu che O2 trong phong th nghiem va trong cong nghiep , thanh phan cua khong kh . Mot so khai niem hoa hoc mi : S Oxi hoa , Oxit , S chay , S oxi hoa cham , Phan ng hoa hp , phan ng phan huy . - Ren luyen ky nang tnh theo CTHH va phng trnh hoa hoc ac biet la cac cong thc phng trnh hoa hoc co lien quan en tnh chat , ng dung , ieu che Oxi - Tap luyen cho hoc sinh van dung cac khai niem c ban a hoc chng 1 , 2 , 3 e khac sau hoac giai thch cac Noi dung chng 4 , ren luyen cho hoc sinh phng phap hoc tap , van dung Noi dung hoa hoc vao i song . II/ CHUAN B: - On tap trc nhng Noi dung thuoc chng 4 , ac biet la cac Noi dung can nh phan I bai luyen tap 5 . III/ HOAT ONG DAY HOC : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut ) 2) KTBC : 3) Giang bai mi : Phat phieu hoc tap , yeu cau hoc sinh oc noi dung va chuan b lan lt tng cau hoi * Tien trnh bai day : TG 9/ Hoat ong cua GV H 1 ( On cac Noi dung can nh ) (H) Trnh bay nhng Noi dung c ban ve : - Tnh chat vat ly Hoat ong cua HS oc noi dung cua cau hoi 1 va tra li cac noi dung Noi dung I/ Noi dung can nh : 1- O2 la n chat phi kim co tnh Oxi hoa manh , nhiet o
114 Giao an
- Tnh chat hoa hoc - ng dung - ieu che Oxi (H) - The nao la s Oxi hoa - Oxit la g ? Phan loai - S khac nhau gia s chay va s Oxi hoa cham GV: Goi hoc sinh e tra li tng noi dung trong cau hoi - GV bo sung va gi cho hoc sinh thay c moi lien he gia cac tnh chat , cac khai niem . 20/ *H2: ( Bai tap ) Hng dan hoc sinh lam cac bai tap trong SGK trang 100 , 101 (H) Thc hien bai tap 1/100 oc ten cac san pham. (H) Thc hien bai tap 3/101 (H) Thc hien bai tap 4/101 (H) Thc hien bai tap 5/101
Phat bieu ung , cho v du c
Ca nhan tra li
- Nhom hoc sinh chuan b phan bai tap theo s phan cong trong phieu hoc tap - Hoc sinh lam bai tap 1 va 2 Hoc sinh cha bai tap 3 can phan loai ung oxit Axit , oxit Baz va oc ten - Nhom thao luan va chon cau ung D Nhom thao luan va chon ra cau phat bieu sai B , C , E -
cao de tham gia phan ng vi nhieu phi kim C , S , P va kim loai Fe , Cu 2- O2 can cho s ho hap va ot nhien lieu . 3- Nhiet phan KMnO4 , KClO3 e dieu che O2. 4- S tac dung cua O2 vi chat khac la s Oxi hoa 5- Oxit la hp chat 2 nguyen to , trong o co nguyen to la Oxi (Oxit Axit, Oxit baz ) 6- A+B+C D : h. hp A B+C+D p/h 7- Thanh phan khong kh gom : 78%N2 ; 21%O2 ; 1% kh khac ( Theo the tch ) II/ Bai tap : 1/100 C + O2 4P + 5 O2 2H2 + O2 4Al + 3O2 CO2 2 P2O5 2 H2O 2Al2O3
GV lay vai v du e khang nh tat ca cac cau phat bieu tren la sai (H) Thc hien bai tap 6/101 va 7/101 GV kiem tra ket qua va anh gia , cho iem
(H) Thc hien bai tap
Nhom 1 , 3 : 6/101 Nhom 2 , 4 : 7/101
3/101 - Oxit Axit : CO2 , SO2 va P2O5 - Oxit Baz : Na2O , MgO va Fe2O3 4/101 Oxit la hp chat cua oxi vi D Mot so nguyen to hoa hoc khac 5/101 Cau phat bieu sai B : Tat ca cac Oxit eu la Oxit Axit C Tat ca cac oxit eu la Oxit Baz E Oxit Axit eu la oxit cua phi kim 6/101
115 Giao an
8/101 - The tch O2 can dung ?
So mol O2 can dung
- Hoc sinh oc e bai thao luan tra li
Phan ng phan huy : a,c,d Phan ng hoa hp : b 7/101 Phan ng co xay ra s Oxi hoa : a , b 8/101 a/ The tch O2 can dung la : 100 = 2,22lt 0,1 . 20 . 90 - So mol O2 can dung :
2,222 = 0,099mol 22,4
to 2KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 Khoi lng KMnO4 phai dung : 158 . 0,198 = 31,284g b/ 2KClO3 to 2KCl + 3 O2 So mol KClO3 can : 0,099.2 = 3 Khoi lng KClO3 la : 8,085 g
- Phng trnh hoa hoc phan huy so mol KMnO4 Khoi lng KMnO4 Phng trnh phan huy KClO3
10/
Tnh so mol KClO3 Khoi lng KClO3
*H3: ( Cung co ) - Khi oxi hoa het 22,4g Fe , ngi ta thu c 32g mot oxit sat a/ Hay viet phng trnh hoa hoc dang tong quat cua phan ng oxi hoa sat b/ o la oxit nao trong so cac oxit sau : FeO , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 y x Fe + O2 2 FexOy 56x (g) (56x + 16y ) 22,4 g 32g
x 2 = y 3
Thao luan e PTHH tong quat :
viet
x Fe FexOy
y O2 2
Vay chon cong thc Fe2O3
116 Giao an
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : ( 5 phut) - ot chay 3,52 gam hon hp chat A trong O 2 , ch cho phan ng xong , ta thu c 3,2 g Fe2O3 va 0,896 lt SO2 (ktc) a/ Hp chat A gom co : 1/ Fe va O 3 Fe va S 2/ S va O 4/ Fe ; S va O b/ Tnh khoi lng cua moi nguyen to co trong 3,52 g hp chat A c/ Tm CTHH cua A , biet MA = 88 g d/ Viet phng trnh phan ng ot chay chat A . * Hng dan : 3,2 = 0,02mol So mol nguyen t Fe : 0,02 . 2 = 0,04 So mol Fe2O3 : 160 mol( 2,24g) So mol SO2 :
0,896 = 0,04mol So mol S 0,04 mol ( 1,28g) 22,4
V m Fe + mS = 2,24 + 1,28 = 3,52 g Hp chat A khong co Oxi Vay 1 mol hp chat A co trong 1 mol Fe ; 1 mol S . Vay hp chat A gom Fe va S
2,24 1,28 3,52 = = x= 1 56 x 32 y 88
y=1
Cong thc hoa hoc la FeS
4 FeS + 7 O2 2 Fe2O3 + 4 SO2 - Lam cac bai tap trong SGK , Xem trc bai thc hanh so 4 IV/ RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
117 Giao an
Ngay soan : 07 / 2 / 2007 Tiet 45 :
BAI THC HANH 4
I/ Muc tieu : - Hoc sinh nam vng nguyen tac ieu che O 2 trong phong th nghiem , tnh chat vat ly ( kh t tan trong nc , nang hn khong kh ) va tnh chat hoa hoc cua O2 ( co tnh oxi hoa manh ) - Ren luyen ky nang lap rap dung cu th nghiem ieu che , thu kh O 2 vao ong nghiem , nhan ra kh O2 va bc au bien thanh mot vai th nghiem n gian e nghien cu tnh chat cac chat ( V du ot chay chat ran S ) II/ Noi dung: 1/ ieu che O2 trong phong th nghiem , cach thu O2 2/ Tnh chat cua O2 III/ Chuan b : Chuan b u mot so dung cu theo nhom ( 6 nhom ) e cac nhom c t lam th nghiem nhiet phan KMnO 4 ( ong nghiem , en con , nut cao su , ong dan thuy tinh , gia sat hoac gia go , kep sat , kep go , chau thuy tinh , muoi ( tha ) ot hoa chat) - KMnO4 , S - Yeu cau hoc sinh oc trc nha noi dung thc hanh va chuan b trc mot phan bang tng trnh . IV/ Cach tien hanh th nghiem : 1/ ieu che va thu kh O2 : GV : Neu lai muc ch cua th nghiem va chu y mot so iem quan trong ve ky thuat tien hanh . HS: Lay ong nghiem , dung nut cao su co ong dan . Th xem co va mieng ong nghiem , sau o ho KMnO 4 vao ay ong nghiem , cho mot t bong gon vao gan mieng , roi ay nut cao su co ong dan . HS: o nc vao ay ong nghiem , up xuong chau thuy tinh cha nc HS: Lap he thong thu kh di nc . Chu y ay ong hi cao hn mieng ong nghiem . un nong ong nghiem , luc au h nong ca ong , sau o un tap trung ay co KMnO4 HS: Lay lo a ay O2 ra khoi chau HS: Tat en con sau khi lay en ra . HS: M nap ong nghiem ng O 2 va th bang tan om o ghi nhan xet hien tng th nghiem . Tra li cau hoi : 1/ Tai sao phai e bong gon gan mieng ong nghiem va mieng ong nghiem lai thap hn ay ? 2/ Tai sao khi ngng th nghiem , phai lay ong dan kh ra trc roi mi tat en con ? 3/ Viet phng trnh hoa hoc ieu che O2 t KMnO4 4/ Quan sat hien tng xay ra khi nhan biet kh bay ra bang que om va kh o la kh g ? 2/ ot chay S trong khong kh va trong O2 GV: Neu lai muc ch cua th nghiem va hng dan hoc sinh tlam th nghiem
118 Giao an
HS: Cho mot t bot S vao tha ot trong khong kh . ( quan sat hien tng ) HS: Sau o a tha vao ong nghiem ng O 2 . ( quan sat ngon la cua S trong O2 ) HS: Tat en con . Chu y : sau khi S chay het , lay tha ot ra , ay nap lo , nhung tha ot vao chau nc . Tra li cau hoi: 5/ Ngon la S chay trong khong kh ? chay trong O 2 6/ Co chat g tao ra trong lo khong ? goi ten chat o ? Viet phng trnh hoa hoc tao ra chat o . Cuoi tiet thc hanh :
Ra dung cu , sap xep lai hoa chat , hoa cu , ve sinh ban th nghiem Nhan xet anh gia tiet thc hanh va RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG, BO SUNG, BO SUNG . Cac nhom hoan thanh bang tng trnh . Viet bai tng trnh:
Ngay kiem tra : 12 / 2 / 2007 Tiet 46 KIEM TRA 1 TIET I/ Muc tieu : - Kiem tra viec nam bat cac Noi dung c ban cua chng 4 bao gom : ( Tnh chat cua O 2 , phan ng hoa hp , s oxi hoa, oxit, phan loai oxit axit oxitbaz , ieu che oxi trong phong th nghiem , phan ng phan huy , thanh phan cua khong kh - Ren luyen k nang viet phng trnh hoa hoc , tnh theo phng trnh II/ Chuan b: GV: Phat e kiem tra cho HS ( e c photo san) HS : Nhan e bai kiem tra va lam bai III/ ap an va bieu iem :
119 Giao an
IV/ Ket qua kiem tra : Lp 8A4 8A5 V/ RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG: S so 910 78 56 34 02
120 Giao an
Ngay soan : 24/02/2008 Tiet 47: Chng 5:
HIRO NC TNH CHAT - NG DUNG CUA HIRO
I/ Muc tieu : 1. Kien thc : - Biet Hyro la chat kh nhe trong cac chat kh , biet va hieu kh Hyro co tnh kh , tac dung vi Oxi dang n chat va hp chat . Cac phan ng nay eu toa nhiet biet hon hp Hyro va Oxi la hon hp no . - Biet Hyro co nhieu ng dung , chu yeu do tnh chat rat nhe , do tnh kh va khi chay toa nhieu nhiet . 2. Ky nang : - Biet cach ot chay H 2 trong khong kh , biet cach th H 2 nguyen chat va quy tac an toan khi ot H2 . Biet lam th nghiem H2 + CuO . 3. Thai o : - Cung co , khac sau long ham thch hoc tap bo mon . II/ Chuan b: 1. Chuan b cua GV : Vai ong nghiem cha H2 co ay nut kn , co ghi ten , at ten gia ong nghiem , mot hai qua bong bay a c bm H 2 va buoc vao mot si ch dai . Mot bnh kn n gian , Zn , dung dch HCl , ong dan kh , ong nghiem , coc thuy tinh , lo cha O2 , en con 2. Chuan b cua HS : SGK III/ HOAT ONG DAY HOC : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1phut) 2) KTBC : Gii thieu bai ( 1 phut ) chung ta a hoc xong chng Oxi - Khong kh : e tiep tuc nhng van e cu the ve O 2 , H2 va hp chat cua chung la Nc . Chung ta tm hieu chng 5 : HYRO NC . Hyro cung la nguyen to quan trong hang au trong hoa hoc , ong thi n chat H 2 cung vi hp chat nc la nhng chat pho bien trong i song va san xuat . Kh Hyro co nhng tnh chat g ? Tai sao mot qua bong bm kh H 2 th co the bay len cao ? Chung ta tm hieu trong bai hoc hom nay ?
121 Giao an
* Tien trnh bai day : TG 8/ Hoat ong cua GV *H1: ( Tnh chat vat ly ) (H) Cho biet ky hieu hoa hoc , CTHH , nguyen t khoi , phan t khoi cua H2 Gii thieu mot ong nghiem cha ay H2 ay kn . Yeu cau hoc sinh quan sat ong nghiem Nhan xet ve trang thai , mau sac - Quan sat mot qua bong bay c bm ay H2 va c buoc vao si ch dai Ket luan g ve ty khoi cua kh H 2 so vi khong kh (H) H2 nhe hn khong kh bao nhieu lan ? Noi dung - K hieu hoa hoc Len bang ghi H =1 - CTHH : H2 = 2 I/ Tnh chat vat Nhom hoc sinh quan ly : sat va tra li . - Chat kh , khong mau - Hyro la chatkh khong mau , khong mui , khong Nhom quan sat tra v li La kh nhe nhat - Qua bong se bay trong cac chat kh , len tri tan rat t trong nc - H2 nhe hn khong kh 2 d H 2 / KK : 29 Hoat ong cua HS
15/
10/
Tan t trong nc (H) Mot lt nc 15 oC hoa tan c 20ml H2 . Vay tnh tan trong nc - oc SGK phan tnh cua H2 la nh the nao ? chat Hyro tac dung *H2: ( Tnh chat hoa vi O2 hoc cua Hyro ) GV : Gii thieu hoa cu , - Hoc sinh chu hoa chat , lap rap y quan sat , dung cu nh hnh 5.1 . nhan xet tra li cac cau Khi ot H2 chay trong hoi. khong kh : (H) Coc thuy tinh trc va sau phan ng nh the nao ? (H) Mau ngon la , mc - H2 chay vi ngon la o chay khi ot H2 trong manh hn . O2 - Xuat hien nhng (H) Thanh lo cha O2 sau giot nc nho . phan ng co hien - Nhom phat bieu va tng g ? viet phng trnh hoa (H) H2 chay trong khong hoc len bang . kh hay O2 tao thanh chat g? Viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua phan ng ? H3 : HS tra li 2 H2 + O 2 2 H2O 2mol 1 mol + T phng trnh
II/ Tnh chat hoa hoc 1/ Tac dung vi Oxi : Ve 5.1 hnh
H2 chay trong khong kh hay O2 eu tao thanh H2O 2H2 + O2 2 H 2O Hon hp H2 va O2 la hon hp no , neu tron H2 va O2 theo ty le 2:1 ve the tch
H3
( Cung co )
122 Giao an
Hng dan hoc sinh tra li cac cau hoi phan II . 1c Tnh so gam H2O thu c khi cho 8,4 lt H2 tac dung vi 2,8 lt O2 ( cac kh o ktc )
the tch H2 gap 2 lan the tch O2 . Neu dung 2,8 lt O2 th the tch H2 se dung la ; 5,6 lt H2 d ; O2 het + So mol H2O thu c :
2,8 .2 = 0,25mol 22,4
+ Khoi lng nc thu c : 0,25 . 18 = 4,5 g 4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc tiep theo: (10 phut ) BT : co 5 bnh c ay kn nut , moi bnh ng rieng biet cac kh sau : Khong kh , kh CO2 , N2 , H2 , O2 . Hay neu phng phap hoa hoc e nhan biet ra moi bnh * Hng dan : Lay mot t kh t moi bnh em th nghiem theo trnh t sau : - ot kh nao chay c trong khong kh vi ngon la mau xanh nhat , la kh hiro: 2H2 + O2 2H2O - Kh nao lam cho than hong chay sang , la kh oxi: C + O2 CO2 - Kh nao lam uc nc voi trong, la kh cacbonic : CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O - Kh nao lam tat than hong, la kh nit - Chat kh con lai la khong kh. Hoac lam than hong tiep tuc o them mot thi gian, la khong kh : C + O2 CO2 BT kha gioi : Cho 5,5 g hon hp gom Al va Fe hoa ta hoan toan trong dung dch H2SO4 loang th thu c 4,48 lt kh H 2 ( ktc) . tnh khoi lng cua 2 kim loai trong hon hp au? * Hng dan : - Viet 2 phng trnh hoa hoc . 2(0,2 x) x 27 = 5,5 x = 0,05 - Goi x la so mol Fe, ta tnh c : 56x + 3 Khoi lng Fe : 2,8g ; khoi lng Al : 2,7g BT kha gioi : Tron 10 cm3 kh H2 va 10 cm3 kh O2 , bat tia la ien cho phan ng xay ra. Hoi : -sau phan ng kh nao con d , d bao nhieu cm 3 - Hon hp tren a no manh nhat cha ? v sao? * Hng dan : - Viet phng trnh phan ng , roi da vao t le so mol cua H2 va O2 so sanh e biet chat nao d ( O2 d ) IV/ RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
123 Giao an
Ngay soan : 26/02/2008 Tiet 48 : TNH CHAT - NG DUNG CUA HIRO (tiep theo) I/ Muc tieu : 1. Kien thc - Biet Hyro la chat kh nhe trong cac chat kh , biet va hieu kh Hyro co tnh kh , tac dung vi Oxi dang n chat va hp chat . Cac phan ng nay eu toa nhiet biet hon hp Hyro va Oxi la hon hp no . - Biet Hyro co nhieu ng dung , chu yeu do tnh chat rat nhe , do tnh kh va khi chay toa nhieu nhiet . 2. Ky nang : - Biet cach ot chay H 2 trong khong kh , biet cach th H 2 nguyen chat va quy tac an toan khi ot H2 . Biet lam th nghiem H2 + CuO . 3. Thai o : - Cung co , khac sau long ham thch hoc tap bo mon . II/ Chuan b : - Tranh ve ng dung cua H2 hnh 5,3 SGK - Zn , dung dch HCl , CuO - 2 ong nghiem, ong dan kh, gia sat, coc thuy tinh cha nc, ong thuy tinh, en con, tha lay hoa chat. III/ HOAT ONG DAY HOC : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut ) 2) KTBC : ( 4 phut ) Viet PTHH xay ra khi cho kh H 2 chay trong O2 ? Lam the nao e biet dong kh H2 la tinh khiet e co the ot chay H 2 ma khong gay ra tieng no manh ? 3) Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai : Tiet hoc trc ta a tm hieu tac dung cua H 2 vi O2 , ngoai ra H2 con co tnh chat nao na khong? ng dung cua H 2 la g ? Bai hoc hom nay ta se cung nghien cu. * Tien trnh bai day : TG 15/ Hoat ong cua GV H1 ( H2 tac dung vi CuO ) GV cho HS oc ve tac dung cua H2 vi CuO . Nhan xet cac hien tng va tra li cac cau hoi. (H)Cac bo phan chu yeu cua thiet b th nghiem va muc ch cua th nghiem? (H) Mau sac cua CuO trc khi lam th nghiem? GV tien hanh TN, cho Hoat ong cua HS Nhom HS oc SGK va thao luan, phat bieu Noi dung 2/ Tac dung vi CuO
- Gia sat, 2 ong nghiem, en con, coc nc, ong dan kh. - CuO co mau en
124 Giao an
dong H2 i qua CuO (H) to thng khi cho dong H2 i qua CuO co hien tng g? GV tiep tuc thc hien TN, sau khi a kiem tra o tinh khiet cua H2 va bat au un nong phan ong thuy tinh co cha CuO th bot mau en b bien oi nh the nao?
- to thng H2 khong tac dung vi CuO Hnh ve 5.2 SGK
10/
10/
Nhom phat bieu : CuO chuyen thanh Cu ( mau o ) - Quan sat va ket (H) Con co chat g hp SGK e tra li( H2 + CuO Cu + H2O c tao thanh trong giot nc bam ong nghiem? tren thanh ong Kh H2 a chiem nghiem) nguyen to oxi trong (H) Viet PTHH xay ra? H2 +CuO Cu + H2O hp chat CuO. H2 co (H) Co ket luan g ve tnh kh. tac dung cua H2 vi H2 co kha nang * Ket luan: to thch CuO ? ket hp vi oxi hp, H2 khong nhng trong hp chat CuO ket hp c vi n e tao ra Cu va H2O chat oxi ma no con co the ket hp c Ket luan (SGK) vi nguyen to oxi trong 1 so oxitkim loai H2 co tnh kh, cac phan ng nay toa nhiet. III/ ng dung: - Thao luan, ket * H 2 ( ng hp SGK e tra li. - Lam nhien lieu cho dung ) - Lng nhiet toa ra ong c ten la, han (H) H2 co li g cho nhieu cat kim loai. chung ta? Qua cac tnh - Tnh kh - San xuat NH3, Axit chat cua H2 , H2 co - la kh nhe nhat va nhieu hp chat nhng ng dung g? hu c -ieu che 1 so kim GV s dung tranh 5.2 loai SGK va che phan ieu H 3 : HS tra li - Bong tham khong , che H2 khinh kh cau * H 3 ( Cung co) 1/ Hay chon cau tra li ung trong cac cau sau : A. Hy ro co ham lng ln trong bau kh quyen. B. Hyro la kh nhe nhat trong cac chat kh. C. Hyro sinh ra trong qua trnh thc vat b phan huy. D. ai bo phan kh
125 Giao an
Hyro ton tai trong thien nhien di dang hp chat. Kh Hyro co kha nang ket hp vi cac chat khac e tao ra hp chat
( Tra li : B , D ,E )
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc tiep theo : ( 5phut) 2/ Viet PTHH cua cac phan ng H2 kh cac oxit sau: A. Sat (III) oxit 3H 2 + Fe2O3 2 Fe + 3 H2O B. Thuy ngan (II) oxit H2 + HgO Hg + H2O C. Ch (II) oxit H 2 + PbO Pb + H2O - BT 5 SGK : H2 + HgO Hg + H2O 0,1 mol 0,1 mol 0,1 mol Khoi lng Hg : 0,1 . 201 = 20,1 (g) The tch H2 ( ktc ) : 0,1 . 22,4 = 2,24 ( lt) Chuan b bai phan ng Oxi hoa kh IV/ RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
126 Giao an
Ngay soan : 20 / 02 / 2007 Tiet 49: PHAN NG OXI HOA KH I/ Muc tieu : - HS biet chat chiem oxi cua chat khac la chat kh, O 2 hoac chat nhng oxi cho chat khac la chat oxi hoa. S tach nguyen t oxi khoi hp chat la s kh S tac dung cua oxi vi chat khac la s oxi hoa - HS hieu c phan ng oxi hoakh la phan ng hoa hoc trong o xay ra ong thi s oxi hoa va s kh. - HS nhan biet c phan ng oxi hoa kh, s oxi hoa , s kh, chat oxi hoa , chat kh trong 1 phan ng hoa hoc. II/ Chuan b: HS on lai s oxi hoa ( Bai 25 ) va phan ng gia H 2 vi CuO ( Bai 31 ) HS lam tat ca cac bai tap bai 31 ( chu y cac bai 1 , 3 , 4 , 6 ) III/ HOAT ONG DAY HOC : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut) 2) KTBC : ( 9 phut) - HS1 : Viet PTHH cua cac phan ng xay ra gia H 2 vi : Fe2O3 , HgO , PbO . -HS2 : Cha bai tap 5/ SGK trang 109 3) Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai :Chung ta a tm hieu ve phan ng hoa hp, phan ng phan huy. Qua tnh chat hoa hoc cua H 2 tac dung vi 1 so oxit kim loai, chung ta nghien cu phan ng oxi hoa kh. The nao la phan ng oxi hoa kh ? Phan ng oxi hoa kh co tam quan trong nh the nao trong cong nghiep luyen kim va cong nghiep hoa hoc ? * Tien trnh bai day : TG 8/ Hoat ong cua giao vien * H 1 ( S kh, s oxihoa) Da vao cac PTHH neu tren va at cau hoi: (H) Chat nao a chiem oxi cua Fe2O3 , HgO , PbO ? Hay noi 1 cach khac la trong cac phan ng nay a xay ra qua trnh tach nguyen t oxi khoi hp chat (H) Trong phan ng CuO + H2 . Hyro a the hien tnh chat Hoat ong cua hoc sinh 3H2 + Fe2O32Fe + 3H2O H2 + HgO Hg + H2O H2 + PbO Pb + H2O - Thao luan va tra li : H2 a chiem nguyen to oxi trong PbO , Fe2O3 , HgO Noi dung 1/ S kh, s oxi hoa a) S kh :
H2 + CuO Cu + H2O phan ng tren a xay ra qua trnh tach oxi khoi hp chat CuO. Ta noi a xay ra s kh CuO thanh Cu.
The hien tnh chat kh
127 Giao an
7/
5/
g ? Trong phan ng nay a xay ra s kh oxi cua oxitkimloai . Vay s kh la g ? Ta biet bai 25 : S tac dung cua oxi vi 1 chat la s oxi hoa. Trong phan ng tren a xay ra qua trnh ket hp cua oxi trong CuO vi H2 . Ta noi a xay ra s oxi hoa H2 thanh H2O . * H 2 ( chat kh, chat oxi hoa) Trong phan ng tren chat nao c goi la chat kh , chat nao c goi la chat oxi hoa? V sao. (H) Chat kh la g? Chat oxi hoa la g ? *H3 ( p/ oxi hoa kh)
S kh la s tach oxi ra khoi hp chat. S tac dung cua oxi vi 1 chat goi la s oxi hoa.
S tach oxi khoi hp chat goi la s kh. b) S oxi hoa * S tac dung cua oxi vi 1 chat goi la s oxi hoa. 2/ Chat kh va chat oxi hoa
- Thao luan va tra li : H2 : Chat kh va no chiem oxi cua CuO CuO : Chat oxi hoa va no nhng oxi cho H2 ca nhan oc phan ket luan 110 SGK
5/
(H) Trong p/ tren qua trnh oxi hoa hyro va qua trnh kh oxi cua CuO co the xay ra rieng le, tach biet c khong? Xay ra ong thi trong cung 1 p/ hoa hoc. (H) The nao la phan ng oxi hoa kh ? Ca nhan oc SGK * H 4( Tam quan trong cua p/ oxi hoakh) (H) Phan ng oxi hoakh co tam quan trong nh the nao trong i song va san xuat? * H 5 ( cung co ) BT1/ 113 SGK BT : Kh hoan toan 5,575 g mot oxit ch , thu c 5,175g Pb . Tm cong thc hoa hoc cua oxit ch
* Chat chiem oxi cua chat khac goi la chat kh * Chat nhng oxi cho chat khac la chat oxi hoa 3/ Phan ng oxi hoakh S oxi hoa H2 CuO + H2 Cu +H2O S kh CuO Chat oxi hoa : CuO Chat kh : H2 * Phan ng oxi hoakh la phan ng hoa hoc trong o xay ra ong thi s oxi hoa va s kh. 4/ Tam quan trong cua phan ng oxi hoa kh - Luyen kim va trong cong nghiep hoa hoc - Tang hieu suat nang cao chat lng san pham.
5/
Thao luan va tra li
( cau ung: B, C, E ) at CTHH cua ch oxit la PbxOy PbxOy +yH2 xPb + yH2O Ta co t le :
207 x +16 y 207 x = 5,575 5,175
x:y=1:1 . vay CTHH la
128 Giao an
PbO 4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: ( 5 phut) -Cac BT 4, 5 SGK - BT kha gioi : Kh mot hon hp co 3,2 g Fe2O3 ; 8 g CuO ; 2,23 g PbO nhiet o cao bang kh H2 a/ Viet cac PTHH xay ra b/ Tnh khoi lng va the tch chat kh 9 ktc) can dung cho s kh cac oxit tren . c/ Tnh khoi lng cua moi kim loai thu c sau phan ng. d/ Tnh khoi lng Zn va axit HCl can dung e co c lng kh H 2 u dung cho cac phan ng tren . * Hng dan : - Viet 3 PTHH xay ra. - Tnh c Khoi lng kh H2 : 0,34 g - The tch H2 : 3,808 lt - Khoi lng Fe : 2,24g ; Khoi lng Cu : 6,4 g ; Khoi lng Pb : 2,07 g -Khoi lng Zn can dung : 11,05 g - Khoi lng HCl : 12,41 g BT kha gioi : Kh hoan toan a (g) hon hp Fe 2O3 va CuO phai dung 8,96 lt H2 ( ktc) . Biet t le khoi lng cua CuO va Fe 2O3 em kh bang 1:2. a/ Xac nh a b/ Tnh khoi lng cua Fe va Cu thu c . * Hng dan : - viet 2 PTHH xay ra Goi x , y lan lt la so mol cua Fe2O3 va CuO, ta co tong so mol H2 la : 3x+y = 0,4 - da vao t le khoi lng cua e bai ta co : 160x = 80y x = y x = y = 0,1 . vay a = 160.0,1 + 80. 0,1 = 24 g - Khoi lng Fe thu c la : 5,6 g - Khoi lng cua Cu thu c la : 6,4 g IV/ RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
129 Giao an
Ngay soan : 20 / 2 / 2007 Tiet 50 IEU CHE H2 PHAN NG THE I/ Muc tieu : - HS hieu phng phap cu the va nguyen lieu ieu che H 2 trong phong th nghiem ( Axit HCl hoac H2SO4 tac dung vi Zn , Al ) - Hieu c phan ng the la phan ng hoa hoc gia n chat va hp chat, trong o nguyen t cua n chat thay the nguyen t cua 1 nguyen to trong hp chat. - Co k nang lap dung cu ieu che H 2 t axit HCl va Zn, biet nhan ra H 2 ( bang que om ang chay) va thu H 2 vao ong nghiem bang cach ay khong kh hoac ay nc. II/ Chuan b: Zn , dung dch HCl, dung cu dieu che H 2 Hnh 5.4 ; 5.5 III/ HOAT ONG DAY HOC : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp 2) KTBC : ( 4 phut) : ( 1 phut)
-HS1: Hay lap PTHH khi cho Fe2O3 tac dung vi H2 . Tai sao phan ng co ten la phan ng oxi hoakh? Cho biet chat oxi hoa , chat kh ? Giai thch. -HS2: Cha BT 2 trang 113 SGK 3) Giang bai mi : * Gii thieu bai :Trong phong th nghiem va trong cong nghiep, nhieu khi ngi ta can dung H2 . Lam the nao ieu che H 2, Phan ng ieu che H 2 trong phong th nghiem thuoc loai phan ng nao ? * Tien trnh bai day : TG 10/ Hoat ong cua giao vien * H 1 ( ieu che H2 ) Yeu cau HS oc SGK phan I . 1a/ 114 Gii thieu cach lap dung cu va thc hien th nghiem sau o yeu cau HS tra li cac cau hoi ( Viet san tren bang phu ) (H) Co hien tng g xay ra khi cho Zn vao ong nghiem cha dung dch HCl? (H) Kh thoat ra co lam cho que than hong bung chay khong ? (H) Co hien tng g khi cho 1 giot dung dch lay t trong ong nghiem? Hoat ong cua hoc sinh Noi dung
I/ ieu che kh H2 HS oc SGK va quan 1) Trong phong th sat dung cu c nghiem : lap san tren ban GV Cho Zn hoac Al, Fe HS lam th nghiem tac dung vi axit HCl theo s hng dan hoac H2SO4 cua GV
HS ghi lai cac hien tng xay ra trong tng giai oan que om khong bung chay chat mau trang tao ra
Zn + 2HClZnCl2+H2
130 Giao an
10/
5/
chat mau trang co ten la Kem clorua ZnCl2 . (H) Viet PTHH xay ra ? - Thong bao ta co the thu H2 bang cach ay khong kh hoac ay nc; co the thay Zn bang Al , Fe thay HCl bang H2SO4 * H 2 ( Thu H2) Ta co the thu H2 vi lng ln, sau o yeu HS quan sat dung cu cau HS quan sat bo nh hnh 5.5 / 115 va dung cu lap san tren thc hien TN ban GV - Yeu cau 1 HS len t lam TN ieu che va thu H2 bang 2 cach * H 3: ( ieu che H2 trong cong nghiep) Nguon nguyen lieu e san xuat H2 trong cong nghiep la g? - Yeu cau HS oc SGK sau o cho HS quan sat dung cu ieu che H2 bang cach ien phan nc. * H 4 ( Phan ng the ) Viet PTHH ieu che H2 t Fe va dung dch H2SO4 loang? Trong phan ng tren nguyen t cua n chat Zn , Fe a thay the nguyen t nao cua axit?
- Thu H2 bang cach H2 ay nc hoac ay khong kh
2) Trong nghiep:
cong
5/
ien phan nc ta thu c kh H2 va kh O2 2H2O 2H2 + O2 II/ Phan ng the : Fe+ H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2 Nguyen t Zn , Fe a thay the nguyen t H trong dung dch HCl , H2SO4 Fe+H2SO4 FeSO4+H2
7/
*Phan ng the la phan nghoa hoc gia n chat va hp chat, trong o nguyen t cua n chat thay the nguyen t cua 1 ( p/ a va la p/ nguyen to khac trong 2 phan ng o goi la hoa hp va la p/ hp chat phan ng the . Vay oxi hoakh) the nao la phan ng the? p/ b la p/ phan huy ; p/ c la p/ the) * H 5 ( Cung co ) BT 2, 3 trang 117SGK 4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: ( 3 phut) Hng dan BT5 : Lap luan Fe d, khoi lng Fe d la 8,4 g The tch H2 ( ktc) : 5,6 lt
131 Giao an
BT kha gioi : Co hon hp kh CO va CO2 . Neu cho hon hp kh i qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th c 1 g ket tua mau trang . Neu cho hon hp kh nay i qua bot CuO nong, d th thu c 0,64 g Cu. a/ Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra . b/ Tnh the tch cua hon hp kh ( ktc) va the tch cua moi kh co trong hon hp . c/ Bang phng phap hoa hoc nao co the tach rieng moi kh ra khoi hon hp ? Viet PTHH xay ra * Hng dan : - Ch co CO2 tac dung vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 - Ch co CO kh CuO thanh Cu CuO + CO Cu + CO2 So mol CaCO3 sinh ra (1) : 0,01 mol ; So mol Cu sinh ra (2) 0,01mol The tch hon hp kh ban au la : 22,4 ( 0,01 +0,01 ) = 0,448 lt The tch cua moi kh la : 22,4 .0,01 = 0,224 lt - e tach rieng moi kh ta cho hon hp kh i qua dung dch Ca(OH) 2 , th kh CO2 b gi lai , kh i ra khoi dung dch la CO . Ta thu c kh CO Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 - Loc lay ket tua CaCO3 , x l no bang axit HCl . Ta thu c kh CO 2 CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 BT kha gioi : Dung H2 e kh 31,2 g hon hp CuO va Fe 3O4 , biet trong hon hp khoi lng Fe3O4 nhieu hn khoi lng CuO la 15,2 g . Tnh khoi lng Cu va Fe thu c sau phan ng la bao nhieu * Hng dan : Goi x la khoi lng CuO ta co : x + x + 15,2 = 31,2 x = 8 ( g) - Khoi lng Fe3O4 la 31,2 8 = 23,2 g so mol Fe3O4 la : 0,1 mol - Viet 2 PTHH xay ra va tnh c : Khoi lng Fe la : 0,3 . 56 = 16,8 g Khoi lng Cu la : 0,1 . 64 = 6,4 g IV/ RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
132 Giao an
Ngay soan : 23/02/2007 Tiet 51 BAI LUYEN TAP 6 I/ Muc tieu : - Cung co he thong hoa Noi dung va cac khai niem hoa hco ve tnh chat vat l( ac biet la tnh nhe), Tnh chat hoa hoc ( ac biet la tnh kh) cua H2, cac ng dung chu yeu do tnh nhe, tnh kh va khi chay toa nhieu nhiet cua H2 . - Cach ieu che H2 trong phong th nghiem , biet so sanh cac tnh chat va cach ieu che H2 so vi O2 - HS biet va hieu cac khai niem phan ng the, s kh, s oxi hoa , chat kh , chat oxi hoa, phan ng oxi hoakh. - Biet nhan ra phan ng the va so sanh vi cac phan ng hoa hp, phan ng phan huy - Ren k nang giai bai tap co tnh tong hp lien quan en O 2 , H2 II/ Chuan b : Phieu hoc tap theo noi dung trien khai trong tiet hoc III/ HOAT ONG DAY HOC : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp 2) KTBC : ( 4 phut) : ( 1 phut)
- Viet PTHH bieu dien phan ng cua H 2 vi cac chat : O2 , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 , PbO . Giai thch va cho biet moi phan ng tren thuoc loai phan ng g? * Tien trnh bai day : TG 10/ Hoat ong cua giao vien H1 : ( Cac Noi dung can nh ) GV phat phieu hoc tap, yeu cau HS oc noi dung va tra li cac cau hoi sau : (H) Trnh bay nhng Noi dung c ban ve : *Tnh chat vat l H2 *Tnh chat hoa hoc H2 * ng dung * ieu che H2 (H) So sanh tnh chat vat l H2 va O2 , khi thu 2 kh nay bang cach ay khong kh th phai e ong nghiem t the nh the nao? V sao (H) Cho v du ve phan ng : the , hoa hp , phan huy . (H) Cho v du ve phan Hoat ong cua hoc sinh Noi dung
I/ Noi dung can nh: 1) H2 co tnh kh Cac nhom tra li 2) H2 co nhieu ng cac cau hoi dung Nhom 1,2 cau hoi 1 3) ieu che H2 bang Nhom 3,4 cau hoi 2 cach ay khong kh Nhom 5,6 cau hoi 3 hoac ay nc Nhom 7,8 cau hoi 4
4) S tach oxi khoi hp chat la s kh, chat chiem oxi chat khac la chat kh, chat nhng oxi cho chat khac la chat oxi hoa 5) Phan ng oxi hoakh la phan
133 Giao an
20/
ng oxi hoa kh ? Xac nh chat kh, chat oxi hoa oc BT 2 va trnh bay phng an e nhan * H2 ( Bai tap) biet moi kh (H) Nhan biet moi kh : H2, O2 , khong kh ?
ng hoa hoc trong o xay ra ong thi s oxi hoa- s kh
(H) Treo bang phu co noi dung BT 4 / 119 goi HS len bang lam?
HS len bang viet PTHH va tra li p/ 1,2,4 : Hoa hp p/ 3,5 : the p/ 5 : oxi hoakh
II/ Bai tap : *BT2/118: Dung que om chay d cho vao moi lo. Lo lam que om bung chay la O2 Lo co ngon la xanh m la H2 , con lai la khong kh * BT4/119
GV treo bang phu BT5 (H) -Viet PTHH xay ra - Xac nh chat kh, chat oxihoa -Tnh khoi lng Cu -Tnh the tch H2 (ktc)kh CuO - Tnh the tch H2 kh Fe2O3 Ket qua
Viet ung 2 PTHH CO2+H2O H2CO3 Chat kh: H2 SO2+H2O H2SO3 Chat oxi hoa : Zn+ 2HClZnCl2+H2 CuO, Fe2O3 P2O5+3H2O 2H3PO4 PbO+ H2 Pb + H2O * BT5/119 CuO+H2 Cu+ H2O Fe2O3+3H22Fe+3H2O Khoi lngCu : 6- 2,8 = 3,2 g So molCu : 3,2 : 64 = 0,05 mol So mol Fe 2,8 : 56 = 0.05 mol The tch H2 kh CuO la:0,05. 22,4 = 1,12 lt The tch H2 kh Fe2O3 la : 0.05.3 . 22,4 = 1,68 lt The tch H2 kh ca hon hp la : 1,12 + 1,68 = 2,8 lt *BT them: Dan 2,24 lt H2 ( ktc) vao ong co cha 12g CuO , nung nong . Trong ong con lai a (g) chat ran . a/ Viet PTHH b/ Tnh khoi lng nc tao thanh. c/ Tnh a ?
*BT them: Dan 2,24 lt H2 ( ktc) vao ong co cha 12g CuO , nung nong . Trong ong con lai a (g) chat ran . a/ Viet PTHH b/ Tnh khoi lng nc tao thanh. c/ Tnh a ? 7/ H 3 ( Cung co ) BT 1: Co 1 hon hp gom 60% Fe2O3 va
So mol H2 : 0,1 mol So mol CuO : 0,15 mol So mol CuO d , H2 het Khoi lng H2O : 0,1 . 18 = 1,8 g a = mcu + mCuO = 0.1 . 64 + 0,05 . 80 = 10,4 g
Khoi
lng
Fe2O3:
134 Giao an
40% CuO . Ngi ta dung H2 d e kh 20 g hon hp o. a/ Tnh khoi lng Fe , Cu thu c sau phan ng . b/ Tnh so mol H2 a tham gia
( 60:100)x 20 = 12 g Khoi lng CuO : 8 g Fe2O3+3H22Fe + 3H2O CuO + H2 Cu + H2O So mol Fe2O3 : 0,075 mol So molCuO : 0,1 mol - Khoi lng Fe : 0,15 x 56 = 8,4 g - khoi lng Cu : 0,1 x 64 = 6,4 g - Tong so mol H2 : 0,075 x 3 + 0,1 = 0,325 (mol )
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: ( 3 phut ) BT kha gioi : Kh 13,38g mot oxit cua kim loai M ( II) phai dung het 1,344lt H2 ( ktc) . Hay cho biet o la oxit cua kim loai nao trong cac kim laoi sau : Cu , Fe , Pb , Mg , ( ap an : Pb ) BT kha gioi : Mot hon hp 2 oxit Fe3O4 va PbO co t le so mol la 2 : 3 . Lay m gam hon hp em kh hoan toan bang H 2 tao ra 9,9 g H2O a/ Tnh m b/ Tnh the tch H2 u cho phan ng , biet thc te phai lay nhieu hn 10% * Hng dan : Goi x la so mol Fe3O4 So mol PbO la 3x 2 ; So mol H2O :
0,05 mol - Viet 2 PTHH : 4x + 1,5x = 0,55 x = 0,1 m = 232 . 0,1 + 1,5.0,1.233 = 56,65 g .The tch H 2 (4.0,1 + 1,5 . 0,1).22,4 = 12,32 lt lt V dung nhieu hn 10% nen thc te the tch H 2 la : 12,32 + 1,232 = 13,552 IV/ RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG :
135 Giao an
Ngay soan : 26/02/2007 Tiet 52 Bai thc hanh 5 : IEU CHE THU KH H2 TH TNH CHAT CUA KH H2 I/ Muc tieu : - HS nam vng nguyen tac ieu che H 2 trong phong th nghiem , tnh chat vat l ( nhe nhat, t tan trong nc ), tnh chat hoa hoc ( tnh kh). - Ren luyen k nang lap rap dung cu th nghiem , ieu che va thu kh H 2 vao ong nghiem bang cach ay khong kh , k nang nhan ra H 2 , biet kiem tra o tinh khiet cua H2 , biet tien hanh th nghiem vi H 2 ( dung H2 kh CuO ) II/ Noi dung: - ieu che , thu kh H2 va th tnh chat cua H2 III/ Chuan b: Moi nhom 1 bo dung cu va hoa chat nh sau: en con 1 chiec, 4 ong nghiem , gia sat , gia ong nghiem, kep, ong dan kh thang, nut cao su , ong hnh L, ong hut lay hoa chat long, tha lay hoa chat , bnh nc . Hoa chat gom : dung dch HCl , Zn , bot CuO IV/ Tien hanh th nghiem : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( phut ) 2) KTBC : ( 4 phut) Kiem tra dung cu , hoa chat va s chuan b cua cac nhom va mot so Noi dung co lien quan en bai thc hanh . GV : cho biet nguyen lieu e ieu che H2 trong phong th nghiem HS : ( Zn , Al , Fe va Axit HCl ; H2SO4 loang ) GV : Hay viet phng trnh hoa hoc ieu che H 2 t Zn va dung dch HCl . HS : Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 GV : Hng dan hoc sinh lap dung cu nh hnh ve 5.4 SGK /114 . ( Treo bang phu ve san va ghi chu trnh t cac thao tac th nghiem : ) 1/ Th nghiem 1: ieu che H2 t axit HCl , Zn - ot chay H2 ( 10 phut) Lay ong nghiem sach at len gia ong nghiem 1- Lay nut cao su co ong dan thuy tinh thang xuyen qua th ay ong nghiem va kiem tra o kn cua nut . 2- M nut cao su , nghieng ong nghiem , at nhe 2-3 vien Zn theo thanh ong va sau o rot khoang 2ml dung dch HCl vao ong . 3- ay ong nghiem bang nut cao su co ong dan thuy tinh xuyen qua va at ong nghiem vao gia ong nghiem . 4- Ch khoang mot phut a que om ang chay vao ong dan thuy tinh co dung kh H2 bay ra . 5- Ghi nhan xet vao bang tng trnh . 2/ Th nghiem 2: Thu kh H2 bang cach ay khong kh : ( 15phut) GV hng dan : - Lap dung cu nh hnh 5.4 SGK /114 va ieu che H 2 nh th nghiem 1 . Khi a thay ro hien tng H 2 chay trong khong kh th can dap tat ngay ngon la va tien hanh thu H 2 bang cach ay khong kh .
136 Giao an
Thao tac : van s dung cac ong tac 1,2,3,4 nh th nghiem 1 va bo sung them . a) Lay mot ong nghiem co = 10mm up len au ong dan kh co H 2 sinh ra b) Sau mot phut , gi cho ong nghiem ng thang va mieng chuc xuong di , roi a mieng ong nghiem vao gan sat ngon la en con . Quan sat , nhan xet hien tng . 3/ Th nghiem 3 : H2 kh CuO ( 10 phut ) GV gii thieu cach lap he thong thc hien th nghiem ( theo mau e tren ban giao vien ) Thao tac : 2/ Lay 1 ong nghiem khac , dung nut cao su co hnh ay vao e kiem tra , sau o lay nut cao su ra va at ong nghiem vao gia ong nghiem . 3/ Lay mot ong nghiem khac ( that kho ) dung tha lay mot t bot CuO cho vao ay ong nghiem . 4/ Dung en con h nong eu ong nghiem , sau o un manh cho co CuO , quan sat, ghi nhan xet mau sac chat tao thanh , giai thch . Viet PTHH ( Thc hien xong nh tat en con ) Cuoi buoi thc hanh : ( 5 phut ) - ra dung cu - Sap xep lai hoa cu , hoa chat , hoan thanh phieu thc hanh. - Nhan xet RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG - Viet tng trnh vao v , on cac Noi dung cua chng e tiet sau lam bai kiem tra 1 tiet V/ RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
Ngay kiem tra :28/02/2007 Tiet 53 :
KIEM TRA 1 TIET
I/ Muc tieu : - Kiem tra viec nam bat cac Noi dung c ban ve H 2 : Tnh chat vat l , tnh chat hoa hoc cua H2 ( Chay , kh ) , phan ng oxihoa kh , phan ng the , nhan biet chat kh , chat oxi hoa - So sanh tnh chat cua O2 - Bc au co cach phan biet , nhan biet cac kh O 2 , H2 , CO2 , khong kh - Ren k nang viet PTHH , tnh theo PTHH , giai mot so bai tap nh tnh va nh lng - Ren luyen tnh oc lap suy ngh, oc sang tao , t tin khi lam bai II/ Chuan b:
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GV : Chuan b e kiem tra a photo san, ap an , bieu iem HS : nhan e kiem tra , t lc lam bai , oc lap suy ngh III/ Ket qua kiem tra : Lp 8A4 8A5 S so 9 -10 78 5 -6 34 0-2
IV/ RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
Ngay soan : 02/03/2007 Tiet 54 NC I/MUC TIEU: - HS biet va hieu qua phng phap thc nghiem : thanh phan hoa hoc cua hp chat nc gom 2 nguyen to hiro va oxi ; chung hoa hp vi nhau theo t le the tch la 2 phan hiro va mot phan oxi va t le khoi lng la 8 phan oxi va 1 hiro . - Ren k nang quan sat , nhan xet - Giai bai toan tnh theo phng trnh hoa hoc - HS co Noi dung ve thanh phan hoa hoc cua nc . II/. CHUAN B : Giao vien : Dung cu ien phan nc bang dong ien Tranh ve H 5 . 11 : Tong hp nc trang 122 SGK Hoc sinh : Chuan b bai 36 III/. HOAT ONG DAY HOC 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut ) 2) KTBC : 3) Giang bai mi : Nc la mot hp chat rat pho bien trong i song hang ngay cua chung ta , vay nc gom co nhng nguyen to nao cau tao nen , chung
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hoa hp vi nhau theo t le nao ve the tch va khoi lng , chung ta tm hieu bai hoc hom nay . * Tien trnh bai day : TG 14 Hoat ong cua giao vien H 1 : S phan huy nc GV lap thiet b ien phan nc (co pha them mot t dung dch H2SO4 e lam tang o dan ien cua nc) Cho dong ien 1 chieu chay qua Yeu cau HS quan sat th nghiem va tra li cac cau hoi sau : Khi cho dong ien mot chieu i qua , co hien tng g xay ra ? Hoat ong cua HS Noi dung I Thanh phan hoa hoc cua nc : 1 S phan huy nc :
HS quan sat th nghiem va tra li cac cau hoi :
Khi cho dong ien mot chieu chay qua nc , tren be mat cua 2 ien xuat hien Tai cc am co kh hiro cc sinh ra va tai cc dng co nhieu bot kh , mc kh oxi sinh ra . Em hay so nc thap dan . sanh the tch cua H2 va O2 The tch H2 sinh ra ien cc am sinh ra 2 ien cc ? Qua o em co ket luan gap 2 lan the tch O2 sinh ra ien g khi ien phan nc ? cc dng . Khi phan huy nc thu c kh hiro va kh oxi , Yeu cau HS viet PTHH the tch kh hiro xay ra khi ien phan nc gap 2 lan the tch ? kh oxi Phng trnh hoa hoc : 2H2O dp 2H2 + O2
Khi co dong ien mot chieu chay qua , nc b phan huy thanh kh hiro va oxi . The tch kh hiro bang 2 lan the tch kh oxi . Phng trnh hoa hoc : 2H2O dp 2H2 + O2 2 S tong hp nc :
20/
H 2 : S tong hp nc GV mo ta th nghiem theo hnh 5 . 11 Sgk : HS quan sat th Cho nc vao ay ong nghiem va tra li thuy tinh hnh tru . Cho vao cac cau hoi : ong lan lt 2 the tch kh hiro va 2 the tch kh oxi . Mc nc trong ong vach so 4 . ot chay hon hp hiro
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TG
Hoat ong cua giao vien va oxi bang tia la ien , co hien tng g ? Mc nc trong ong dang len co ay ong khong ? Vay cac kh hiro va oxi co phan ng het khong ? a tan om vao phan kh con lai , co hien tng g ? Vay kh con d la kh nao ? Qua th nghiem tong hp nc em co ket luan g ? Viet phng trnh phan ng ?
Hoat ong cua HS Hon hp H2 va O2 no Mc nc trong ong dang len va dng lai vach so 1 , con d lai mot the tch kh . Khi a tan om que diem vao phan kh con lai thay tan om chay bung len , chng to o la kh oxi. Khi ot bang tia la ien , hiro va oxi a hoa hp vi nhau theo t le the tch la 2 : 1 Phng trnh hoa hoc : 2H2 + O2 t 2H2O
o
Noi dung
GV chuyen y : hiro va oxi a hoa hp vi nhau theo t le the tch la 2 : 1 , con ve khoi lng th sao ? GV yeu cau cac nhom HS thao luan e tnh : T le hoa hp (ve khoi lng) gia hiro va oxi Thanh phan % (ve khoi lng) cua hiro va oxi trong nc .
Khi ot bang tia la ien , hiro va oxi a hoa hp vi nhau theo t le the tch la 2 : 1 Phng trnh hoa hoc : 2H2 + O2 t 2H2O
o
HS thao luan nhom va tra li : Gia s co 1 mol oxi phan ng :
m H 2 a phan ng
la : 2 . 2 = 4(g) T le hoa hp (ve lng) gia hiro va oxi la : la : 4 1 1 . 32 = 32(g) = 32 8 T le hoa hp (ve khoi lng) gia Thanh phan % (ve khoi lng) : hiro va oxi la : 1 4 1 100% %H = = 1 +8 32 8 = 11,1% Thanh phan % (ve khoi lng) : %O = 100% 11,1% 1 = 88,9% 100% %H = 1 +8 Ket luan :
mO2 a phan ng khoi
Qua ien phan nc va tong hp nc em co ket luan g ve thanh phan hoa hoc cua nc ?
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TG
Hoat ong cua HS = 11,1% %O = 100% 11,1% = 88,9% HS tra li , GV bo sung HS ghi vao v .
Noi dung Nc la hp chat tao bi 2 nguyen to la hiro va oxi . T le hoa hp gia hiro va oxi ve the tch la 2 : 1 va t le khoi lng la : 8 phan oxi va 1 phan hiro . Cong thc hoa hoc cua nc la : H 2O
7/
H 3 : Cung co : HS thc hien bai tap 3 trang 125 Sgk
HS lam bai tap vao v 1 HS thc hien bang
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : ( 3 phut) Xem lai bai hoc Lam bai tap : 4, 5 , 6 , 7 SGK tr 101 Chuan b bai thc hanh 4 bai 30 IV RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
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Ngay 05/03/2007 Tiet 55 NC ( t.t )
I/ MUC TIEU: - HS biet va hieu tnh chat vat ly va tnh chat hoa hoc cua nc (hoa tan c nhieu chat ran ,long , kh , tac dung vi mot so kim loai nhiet o thng tao thanh baz va hiro , tac dung vi mot so oxit kim loai tao thanh baz , tac dung vi nhieu oxit phi kim tao thanh axit ) -HS hieu va viet c phng trnh hoa hoc the hien c tnh chat hoa hoc cua nc . - Tiep tuc ren luyen k nang tnh toan the tch cac chat kh theo phng trnh hoa hoc . - HS biet c nhng nguyen nhan lam o nhiem nguon nc va bien phap phong chong o nhiem , co y thc gi cho nguon nc khong b o nhiem . II/. CHUAN B : Giao vien : Chuan b tien hanh cac th nghiem sau : 1. Tac dung vi kim loai 2. Tac dung vi oxit baz 3. Tac dung vi 1 so oxit axit Hoa cu en con , tam knh , ong nho giot , tha ot , lo thuy tinh cha nc . Hoa chat : Na , CaO , P2O5 (ot P o) , giay qu Hoc sinh : Chuan b trc phan II cua bai 36 III/ HOAT ONG DAY HOC: 1) On nh tnh hnh lp :( 1 phut ) 2) KTBC : ( 4 phut ) Bang phng phap nao e chng minh c thanh phan nh tnh va nh lng cua nc ? Viet phng trnh hoa hoc xay ra ? - HS tra li : Bang phng phap phan huy nc va tong hp nc a chng minh c nc gom 2 nguyen to oxi va hiro , hoa hp vi nhau theo t le ve the tch la 1 : 2 va theo t le khoi lng la 1 phan hiro va 8 phan oxi . 2H2O dp 2H2 + O2 2H2 + O2 t 2H2O 3) Giang bai mi : Chung ta tiep tuc nghien cu phan tnh chat hoa hoc cua nc e biet nc co tac dung hoa hoc vi n chat nao , hp chat nao ?
o
: Bnh nc coc thuy tinh , pheu thuy tinh , ong nghiem ,
* Tien trnh bai day :
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TG 5
Hoat ong cua giao vien H 1: (Tnh chat vat ly ) GV yeu cau HS lien he thc te (hoac quan sat mot coc nc ) va cho biet cac tnh chat vat ly cua nc ?
Noi dung II Tnh chat cua nc : 1 Tnh chat vat ly :
25/
HS tra li : Nc la chat long khong mau , khong mui , khong v , soi 100oC , hoa ran 0oC , nc hoa tan Nc la chat c nhieu chat . long , khong mau , khong mui , khong v . Soi 100oC (1atm), hoa ran 0oC , khoi lng rieng 1g/ml Nc co the hoa tan c nhieu chat ran , long va kh . H 2 : Tnh chat hoa 2 Tnh chat hoa hoc hoc Tac dung vi kim a) Tac dung vi loai : kim loai : Qu tm khong GV lam th nghiem : chuyen mau . Nhung qu tm vao coc nc yeu cau Mieng Na chay nhanh HS quan sat tren mat nc (nong Cho mot mau Na vao chay thanh giot tron) coc nc yeu cau phan ng toa nhieu nhiet , co kh thoat ra HS quan sat (H2 ) Nhung mot mau qu tm vao dung dch sau Giay qu tm chuyen phan ng .HS nhan sang xanh xet . GV hng dan HS viet PTHH : Hp chat tao thanh trong nc lam qu tm hoa xanh la baz , gom kim loai ket hp vi nhom OH GV goi mot HS oc phan ket luan Sgk trang 123 . Tac dung vi mot so oxit baz : GV lam th nghiem : Cho mot cuc voi nho
2Na+2H2O2NaOH+H2 Nc co the tac dung vi mot so kim loai nhiet o thng nh K ,Na , Ca , Ba. Nc co the tac dung vi mot so kim loai nhiet o thng nh K ,Na , Ca , Ba. 2Na+2H2O2NaOH +H2 Natri hiroxit b) Tac dung vi
Co hi nc boc
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TG
Hoat ong cua hoc Noi dung sinh len , CaO ran chuyen mot so oxit baz : thanh chat nhao , phan ng toa nhieu nhiet . Nhung mot mau Qu tm hoa xanh . giay qu tm vao .HS quan sat , nhan xet . Vay hp chat tao thanh co cong thc nh the nao ? GV hng dan HS da vao hoa tr cua Ca va nhom OH e lap cong CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 thc . T o yeu cau HS viet PTP . Hp chat tao ra do GV thong bao : Nc oxit baz hoa hp con hoa hp vi Na 2O , vi nc thuoc loai K2O , BaO ..tao ra NaOH , baz . Dung dch baz KOH , Ba(OH)2 . GV goi HS oc phan ket Hp chat tao ra do lam qu tm hoa oxit baz hoa hp vi xanh . luan trong SGK trang 123 nc thuoc loai baz . Dung dch baz lam qu tm hoa xanh CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 Canxi hiroxit c) Tac dung vi mot so oxit axit :
Hoat ong cua giao vien vao coc thuy tinh , rot mot t nc vao HS quan sat , nhan xet .
Tac dung vi mot so oxit axit : GV lam th nghiem : ot phot pho o trong oxi tao thanh P2O5 (trong lo thuy tinh co nut nham ) Rot mot t nc vao lo , ay nut lai va lac eu . Nhung mot mau Giay qu tm hoa o giay qu tm vao dung dch thu c HS quan sat nhan xet . GV : Dung dch lam qu tm hoa o la dung dch axit . Vay hp chat tao ra phan ng tren thuoc loai axit GV hng dan HS lap cong thc cua hp P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4 chat tao thanh va viet PTHH GV thong bao : Nc
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TG
Hoat ong cua giao Hoat ong cua hoc vien sinh con hoa hp vi nhieu oxit axit khac nh SO2 , SO3 , N2O5 tao ra oxit tng ng . Hp chat tao ra do GV goi mot HS oc phan nc hoa hp vi oxit ket luan trong SGK axit thuoc loai axit . Dung dch axit lam qu tm hoa o
Noi dung Hp chat tao ra do nc hoa hp vi oxit axit thuoc loai axit . Dung dch axit lam qu tm hoa o. P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4 Axit photphoric
5/
H 3 : Vai tro cua nc trong i song va san xuat chong o nhiem nguon nc GV yeu cau HS thao luan theo nhom cau hoi sau : Vai tro cua nc trong i song , san xuat ? Chung ta can lam g e gi cho nguon nc khong b o nhiem ? GV goi ai dien tng nhom HS tra li :
III Vai tro cua nc trong i song va san xuat chong o nhiem nguon HS thao luan nhom nc : va ai dien tra li : Vai tro cua nc : Hoa tan nhieu chat dinh dng can thiet nuoi song c the . Tham gia vao nhieu qua trnh hoa hoc quan trong trong c the ngi va ong vat. Can thiet cho i song hang ngay , san xuat nong nghiep , cong nghiep , xay dng , giao thong van tai . Gi cho nguon nc khong b o nhiem : Khong vt rac xuong song , ho , Nc co vai tro kenh , rach , ao quan trong trong i Phai x ly nc song , san xuat , thai sinh hoat va sinh hoat cua con nc thai cong ngi . nghiep trc khi cho chay vao ho , song . Phai bao ve nguon nc trong sach , khong gay o nhiem
4/
H 4 : Cung co Bai tap 1 : Bai tap 1 Hoan thanh PTP khi HS thao luan va thc hien : cho nc lan lt tac 2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 dung vi : K , Na2O , SO3 Na2O + H2O 2NaOH
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TG
Hoat ong cua giao vien Bai tap 2 : e co mot dung dch cha 16g NaOH , can phai lay bao nhieu gam Na2O cho tac dung vi nc ?
Hoat ong cua hoc sinh SO3 + H2O H2SO4 Bai tap 2 16 nNaOH = = 0,4(mol) 40 Na2O + H2O 2NaOH Theo PTP :
Noi dung
n Na2O = m Na2O
n NaOH = 0,2( mol ) 2 = n . M = 0,2 . 62 = 12,4 ( g )
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : ( 1 phut ) Hoc k bai Lam bai tap 4 ,5 , 6 Sgk trang 125 Chuan b bai 37 Axit , Baz , Muoi IV/ RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
Ngay: 12/03/2007 Tiet 56 AXIT BAZ MUOI I. MUC TIEU: - HS hieu va biet cach phan loai axit , baz , muoi theo thanh phan hoa hoc va ten goi cua chung . - Phan t axit gom co mot hay nhieu nguyen t hiro lien ket vi goc axit , cac nguyen to hiro nay co the thay the bang kim loai - Phan t baz gom co mot nguyen t kim loai lien ket vi mot hay nhieu nhom hiroxit . - Cung co cac khai niem a hoc ve nh ngha , cong thc hoa hoc , ten goi , phan loai cac oxit va moi lien quan cua cac loai oxit vi axit va baz tng ng . - Ren luyen k nang goi ten mot so hp chat vo c khi biet CTHH va ngc lai , viet c CTHH khi biet ten cua hp chat . II. CHUAN B : Giao vien : Bang phu 1 : Ten , cong thc , thanh phan , goc .cua mot so axit thng gap .
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Bang phu 2 : Ten , cong thc, thanh phan , goc .cua mot so baz thng gap . Hoc sinh : Chuan b Giang bai mi bai 37 III/ HOAT ONG DAY HOC : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut ) 2) KTBC : ( 4 phut ) Neu cac tnh chat hoa hoc cua nc , viet cac phng trnh phan ng minh hoa ? HS 1 tra li : Tac dung vi kim loai Tac dung vi oxit baz : : 2K + 2H 2O 2KOH + H2 Na 2O + H2O 2NaOH
Tac dung vi oxit axit : SO 3 + H2O H2SO4 Neu khai niem oxit , cong thc chung oxit , co may loai oxit ? Cho v du moi loai minh hoa ? HS 2 tra li : (ghi goc bang ben phai ) Oxit la hp chat cua 2 nguyen to trong o co mot nguyen to la oxi Cong thc chung RxOy Co 2 loai oxit : Oxit axit : SO3 , P2O5 ; Oxit baz : Na2O , CuO 3) Giang bai mi : Chung ta a lam quen vi mot loai hp chat co ten la oxit . Trong cac chat vo c con co cac loai chat khac : axit , baz , muoi . Chung la nhng chat nh the nao ? Co CTHH va ten goi ra sao ? c phan loai the nao ? o la noi dung bai hoc hom nay . * Tien trnh bai day : TG 20 Hoat ong cua giao vien H1 : ( Axit ) Cac em a biet nhng axit nao ? CTHH , ten goi ? Em hay nhan xet iem giong va khac nhau trong thanh phan phan t cua cac axit tren ? Hoat ong cua hoc sinh Noi dung
I Axit : V du : HCl , H2SO4 , 1 Khai niem : HNO3 Nhan xet : Giong nhau : eu co nguyen t H . Khac nhau : Cac nguyen t H lien ket vi cac goc axit khac nhau . Phan t axit gom co mot hay nhieu nguyen t H lien ket vi goc axit . Cong thc hoa hoc chung cua axit : HnA
T nhan xet tren hay rut ra nh ngha ve axit ? Neu k hieu cong thc chung cua cac goc axit la A , hoa tr la n Em hay rut ra cong thc chung cua axit ?
Axit la hp chat ma phan t gom 1 hay nhieu nguyen t hiro lien ket vi goc axit . 2 Cong thc hoa hoc : Cong thc hoa hoc chung cua axit : HnA
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TG
Hoat ong cua giao vien GV thong bao : Da vao thanh phan co the chia axit lam 2 loai : Axit khong co oxi Axit co oxi Em hay lay v du minh hoa cho 2 loai axit tren ? GV hng dan HS lam quen vi mot so goc axit thng gap co trong bang phu luc 2 trang 156 SGK GV hng dan HS cach goi ten axit khong co oxi: Ten axit = Axit + ten phi kim + hiric HS oc ten cac axit sau : HCl , HBr GV gii thieu ten cua cac goc axit tng ng : (chuyen uoi hiric thanh uoi ua ) V du Cl : Clorua = S : Sunfua GV gii thieu cach goi ten axit co oxi : Axit co nhieu nguyen t oxi : Ten axit = Axit + ten phi kim + ic Goi ten cac axit sau : H2SO4 , HNO3 Axit co t nguyen t oxi Ten axit = Axit + ten phi kim + oc ten axit : H2SO3 GV gii thieu ten cua goc axit tng ng (theo nguyen tac chuyen uoi ic thanh at , thanh it ) Hay cho biet ten cua cac goc axit sau : = SO 4 ; NO3 , =SO3 HS lam bai luyen tap 1: Bai tap 1 : Viet cac
Noi dung A la goc axit n : So nguyen t H 3 Phan loai : 2 loai : Axit khong co oxi Axit co oxi
Axit khong co oxi : HCl , H2S Axit co oxi : H2SO4 , HNO3
HCl : Axit clohiric HBr : Axit bromhiric
4 Ten goi : a) Axit khong co oxi : Ten axit = Axit + ten phi kim + hiric V du : HCl : Axit clohiric HBr : Axit bromhiric Goc axit tng ng chuyen uoi hiric thanh uoi ua V du : Cl : Clorua = S : Sunfua b) Axit co oxi : Axit co nhieu nguyen t oxi : Ten axit = Axit + ten phi kim + ic V du : H2SO4 : Axitsunfuric HNO3 : Axit nitric Axit co t nguyen t oxi Ten axit = Axit + ten phi kim + V du : H2SO3 : Axit Sunfur Goc axit tng ng chuyen uoi ic thanh at , thanh it V du : = SO4 : Sunfat NO3 : Nitrat
H2SO4 : Axitsunfuric HNO3 : Axit nitric
H2SO3 : Axit Sunfur
= SO4 : Sunfat NO3 : Nitrat =SO3 : Sunfit
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TG
Hoat ong cua giao Hoat ong cua vien hoc sinh cong thc cua cac axit co ten sau : Axit sunfuhiric : H2S Axit sunfuhiric Axit cacbonic : H2CO3 Axit cacbonic Axit photphoric : H3PO4 Axit photphoric H 2 : ( Baz ) Yeu cau HS cho v du ve CTHH cua cac baz a gap trong bai hoc trc ? Em co nhan xet g ve thanh phan phan t cua cac baz tren ? V sao trong thanh phan cua moi baz ch co mot nguyen t kim loai ? So nhom OH trong phan t baz c xac nh nh the nao ?
Noi dung =SO3 : Sunfit
12
HS cho v du : NaOH , Ca(OH)2 , Al(OH)3
II Baz : 1 Khai niem :
Co mot nguyen t kim loai , ket hp vi mot hay nhieu nhom OH V hoa tr cua nhom OH la I . So nhom OH c xac nh bang hoa tr cua kim loai (kim loai co hoa tr bang bao nhieu th phan t baz co bay nhieu nhom OH ) Cong thc chung cua baz : M(OH)n trong o M la nguyen t kim loai , n la hoa tr cua kim loai
Phan t baz gom co mot nguyen t kim loai lien ket vi mot hay nhieu nhom hiroxit ( OH )
Em hay viet cong thc chung cua baz ?
GV hng dan cach oc ten baz : Ten baz = Ten kim loai (kem hoa tr neu kim loai co nhieu hoa tr) + hiroxit Yeu cau HS oc ten cac baz phan v du ? va ten cua baz sau : Fe(OH)3 ? GV thong bao : Da vao tnh tan cua baz ma chia baz thanh 2 loai : Baz kiem la baz tan c trong nc va baz khong tan .
NaOH : Natri hiroxit Ca(OH)2 : Canxi hiroxit Al(OH)3 : Nhom hiroxit Fe(OH)3 : Sat (III) hiroxit
2 Cong thc hoa hoc : Cong thc chung cua baz : M(OH)n Trong o M la nguyen t kim loai , n la hoa tr cua kim loai . 3. Ten goi : Ten baz = Ten kim loai (kem hoa tr neu kim loai co nhieu hoa tr) + hiroxit V du : NaOH : Natri hiroxit Ca(OH):Canxihiroxit Al(OH)3:Nhomhiroxi Fe(OH) : Sat(III) hiroxit 4. Phan loai : 2 loai Baz tan c trong nc goi la kiem . V du : KOH , NaOH ,
149 Giao an
TG
Noi dung Ca(OH)2 , Ba(OH)2 Baz khong tan trong nc V du : Cu(OH)2 , Fe(OH)2 , Al(OH)3 .
7/
H 3 : Cung co , luyen tap GV yeu cau HS cac nhom thao luan va lam vao v , bang nhom bai tap sau : Nhom 1 : Viet cong thc cua cac oxit baz trong bang 1 Nhom 2 : Viet cong thc cac baz trong bang 1 Nhom 3 : Viet cong thc cac oxit axit trong bang 2 Nhom 4 : Viet cong thc cac axit tng ng trong bang 2 Sau o cac nhom oi cheo e oc ten . Bang 1 Cong thc Cong thc Nguyen cua oxit Ten goi cua baz Ten goi to baz tng ng 1 Na 2 Ca 3 Mg 4 Fe(II) 5 Fe(III) Bang 2 Cong thc Nguyen Cong thc Ten goi cua axit Ten goi to cua oxit axit tng ng 1 S(VI) 2 P(V) 3 C(IV) 4 S(IV) 4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: ( 1 phut) Hoc k bai Lam cac bai tap 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 trang 130 Sgk Chuan b trc phan muo cua bai nay . IV/ RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
150 Giao an
Ngay 15/03/2007 Tiet 57 AXIT BAZ MUOI ( t.t ) I/ MUC TIEU - HS hieu c muoi la g ? Cach phan loai va goi ten muoi - Phan t muoi gom co mot hay nhieu nguyen t kim loai lien ket vi mot hay nhieu goc axit - Ren k nang goi ten cac muoi t CTHH va ngc lai t ten goi , lap c cong thc hoa hoc cua cac muoi . - Tiep tuc ren luyen k nang viet phng trnh hoa hoc va tnh toan theo phng trnh hoa hoc co lien quan en cac loai chat oxit , axit ,baz , muoi . II/. CHUAN B : Giao vien : SGK, Sach GV ; Bo ba co viet cong thc cua mot so axit , baz , oxit , muoi e HS tap phan loai va ghep cong thc hoa hoc cua cac loai hp chat . Hoc sinh : On tap k cong thc , ten goi cua oxit , baz , axit III/ HOAT ONG DAY HOC : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut ) 2) KTBC : ( 9 phut ) Goi mot HS len viet vao goc phai bang Cong thc chung cua oxit , axit , baz cho v du ? HS1 tra li : Cong thc chung cua oxit : R xOy Na2O Cong thc chung cua : axit : HnA HCl Cong thc chung cua baz : M(OH) m Ca(OH)2 Goi 2 HS khac len cha bai tap 2 , 4 SGK trang 130 HS2 tra li bai tap 2 : Goc Cong thc Ten axit axit axit Cl HCl Axit Clohiric = SO3 H2SO3 Axit Sunfur = SO4 H2SO4 Axit sunfuric = CO3 H2CO3 Axit Cacbonic H3PO4 Axit Photphoric PO4 H 2S Axit Sufuhiddric =S HBr Axit Bromhiric Br HNO3 Axit Nitric NO3 .
HS 4 tra li BT 4 : Oxit Na2O Li2O Baz NaOH LiOH Ten baz Natri hiroxit Liti hiroxit
151 Giao an
FeO Fe(OH)2 Sat(II) hiroxit BaO Ba(OH)2 Bari hiroxit CuO Cu(OH)2 ong(II) hiroxit Al2O3 Al(OH)3 Nhom hiroxit 3) Giang bai mi : Chung ta a tm hieu hp chat oxit baz . Trong cac chat vo c con co hp chat muoi . Muoi co thanh phan phan t nh the nao ? Goi ten ra sao ? Chung ta tm hieu qua bai hoc hom nay . * Tien trnh bai day : TG 27/ Hoat ong cua GV H 1 : Muoi Yeu cau HS viet lai cong thc mot so muoi ma cac em a biet ? Em hay nhan xet thanh phan cua muoi ? Hoat ong cua hoc sinh HS cho v du : Al2(SO4)3 , NaCl , Fe(NO3)2 Noi dung III. Muoi : 1 Khai niem :
Trong thanh phan phan t cua muoi co nguyen t kim loai va goc axit So sanh : So sanh vi thanh Muoi giong baz co phan cua baz va nguyen t kim loai . axit co g giong va Muoi giong axit co khac nhau ? goc axit Phan t muoi gom co mot hay T o rut ra khai nhieu nguyen t kim loai lien ket vi niem ve muoi ? mot hay nhieu goc axit Cong thc hoa hoc T cac nhan xet chung : MxAy tren , cac em hay trong o M la viet cong thc chung nguyen t kim loai , cua muoi A la goc axit GV lu y HS lien he vi cong thc chung cua baz va axit goc bang phai . Goi mot HS giai thch cong thc . Ten muoi : Ten kim Neu cach goi ten loai co kem theo muoi ? hoa tr neu kim loai co nhieu hoa tr + ten goc axit . Hay oc ten cac muoi sau : Al2(SO4)3 , Al2(SO4)3 : Nhom sunfat NaCl , Fe(NO3)2 NaCl : Natri clorua Fe(NO3)2 : Sat(II) nitrat GV hng dan cach
Phan t muoi gom co mot hay nhieu nguyen t kim loai lien ket vi mot hay nhieu goc axit V du : Al2(SO4)3 , NaCl , Fe(NO3)2 , NaHCO3 2 Cong thc hoa hoc : Cong thc hoa hoc chung : MxAy trong o M la nguyen t kim loai , A la goc axit 3 Ten goi : Ten muoi = Ten kim loai (kem theo hoa tr neu kim loai co nhieu hoa tr) + ten goc axit . V du : Al2(SO4)3: Nhom sunfat NaCl : Natri clorua
152 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua GV goi ten muoi axit va yeu cau mot HS goi ten 2 muoi axit sau : KHCO3 , NaH2PO4 GV giang giai phan phan loai muoi Goi mot HS oc nh ngha 2 loai muoi tren va HS t lay v du minh hoa
Noi dung Fe(NO3)2 : Sat(II) nitrat NaHCO3 : Natri hirocacbonat 4 Phan loai : 2 loai a) Muoi trung hoa :
KHCO3 : Kalihirocacbonat NaH2PO4 : Natriihirophotpha t la muoi ma trong goc axit khong co HS cho v du nguyen t hiro co the thay the bang nguyen t kim loai V du : CaCO3 , Na2SO4 b) Muoi axit : la muoi ma trong do goc axit con nguyen t hiro cha c thay the bang nguyen t kim loai . Hoa tr cua goc axit bang so nguyen t hiro a c thay the bang nguyen t kim loai V du : KHCO3 NaH2PO4
153 Giao an
TG 7/
Hoat ong cua Hoat ong cua GV hoc sinh H 2 : Luyen tap , cung co GV yeu cau HS ca lp lam luyen 1 tap vao v theo cach : GV oc ten muoi HS lap cong thc muoi Bai tap 1 : Lap cong thc cua HS tra li : cac muoi sau : a) Ca(NO3)2 a) Canxi nitrat b) MgCl2 b) Magie clorua c) Al(NO3)3 c) Nhom nitrat d) BaSO4 d) Bari sunfat e) Ca3(PO4)2 e) Canxi photphat f) Fe2(SO4)3 f) Sat (III) sunfat Bai tap 2 : Hay ien vao o trong bang sau nhng cong thc hoa hoc thch hp
Noi dung
Oxit baz K2O
Baz tng ng Ca(OH)2
Oxit axit
Axit tng ng HNO3
Muoi tao bi kim loai cua baz va goc cua axit
Al2O3 BaO HS ien nh sau : Baz Oxit tng baz ng K2O KOH CaO Ca(OH)2 Al2O3 Al(OH)3 BaO Ba(OH)2
SO2 SO3 H3PO4 Axit tng ng HNO3 H2SO3 H2SO4 H3PO4 Muoi tao bi kim loai cua baz va goc cua axit KNO3 CaSO3 Al2(SO4)3 Ba3(PO4)2
Oxit axit N2O5 SO2 SO3 P2O5
154 Giao an
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : ( 1phut ) Hoc ky bai Lam cac bai tap 6 trang 130 SGK Chuan b bai Luyen tap 7
IV RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
Ngay day : 20/03/2007 Tiet : 58 BAI LUYEN TAP 7 I/. MUC TIEU: - Cung co , he thong hoa cac Noi dung va cac khai niem hoa hoc ve thanh phan hoa hoc cua nc va cac tnh chat hoa hoc cua nc - HS biet va hieu nh ngha , cong thc , ten goi va phan loai cac axit , baz , muoi .
155 Giao an
- HS nhan biet c cac axit co oxi va khong co oxi , cac baz tan va khong tan trong nc , cac muoi trung hoa va muoi axit khi biet CTHH cua chung va biet cach goi ten cac oxit , axit , baz va muoi - HS biet van dung cac Noi dung tren ay e lam cac bai tap co tnh chat tong hp co lien quan en nc , axit , baz va muoi . - HS cham ch hoc tap va ren luyen . II/ Chuan b: Giao vien : Bo ba co 4 mau e cac nhom chi tro chi ghep cong thc hoa hoc cuoi bai . Hoc sinh : Hoc on cac Noi dung ve nc , axit , axit , baz va muoi . III/ HOAT ONG DAY HOC : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut) 2) KTBC : ( 6 phut) (H) Phat bieu khai niem muoi , viet cong thc cua muoi va neu nguyen tac goi ten muoi ? HS1 tra li : Phan t muoi gom co mot hay nhieu nguyen t kim loai lien ket vi mot hay nhieu goc axit Cong thc hoa hoc chung : MxAy Ten muoi = Ten kim loai (kem theo hoa tr neu kim loai co nhieu hoa tr) + ten goc axit . (H) Goi HS lam bai tap 6 trang 130 Sgk . HS 2 tra li : HBr : Axit brom hiric ; H2SO3 : Axit sunfur ; H3PO4 :Axit photphoric H2SO4 : Axit sunfuric ; Mg(OH)2 : Magie hiroxit ; Fe(OH)3 : sat (III) hiroxit Cu(OH)2 : ong (II) hiroxit ; Ba(NO3)2 : Bari nitrat ; Al2(SO4)3 : Nhom sunfat Na3PO4 : Natri photphat ; ZnS : kem sunfua ; Na 2HPO4 : Natri hirophotphat NaH2PO4 : Natri ihirophotphat 3) Giang bai mi : e giup cho cac em he thong hoa lai cac Noi dung a hoc ve thanh phan , tnh chat cua nc , cac Noi dung ve oxit , axit , baz va muoi cac em hoc tiet luyen tap hom nay . * Tien trnh bai day :
156 Giao an
TG 8/
20/
Hoat ong cua giao vien H 1 : Noi dung can nh GV chia lp thanh 4 nhom , yeu cau cac nhom thao luan va ghi vao bang con theo noi dung sau : Nhom 1 : Thanh phan va tnh chat hoa hoc cua nc Nhom 2 : nh ngha , cong thc hoa hoc , ten goi cua axit va baz Nhom 3 : nh ngha , cong thc hoa hoc , phan loai , ten cua oxit , muoi Nhom 4 : Ghi lai cac bc cua bai toan tnh theo phng trnh hoa hoc . H 2 : Bai tap Bai tap 1 : Bai 1 trang 131 SGK GV yeu cau HS lam bai tap so 1 trang 131 Sgk vao v , GV goi 1 HS thc hien bang
Noi dung I Noi dung can nh
HS thao luan khoang 5 phut ai dien nhom tra li cac nhom khac bo sung neu can .
II Luyen tap : Bai tap 1 : Bai 1 trang 131 SGK Giai a) HS thc hien : 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH a) + H2 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H 2 + H2 Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 b) Cac phan ng tren thuoc loai phan ng + H 2 b) Cac phan ng the tren thuoc loai phan Bai tap 2 : ng the Biet khoi lng mol cua mot oxit la 80 , thanh phan ve khoi lng oxi trong oxit o la 60% . Xac nh GV a ra bai tap 2 , cong thc oxit o va yeu cau HS thc hien goi ten . Bai tap 2 : HS lam bai tap : Giai Biet khoi lng mol Cong thc hoa hoc Cong thc hoa hoc cua mot oxit la 80 , chung : RxOy chung : RxOy thanh phan ve khoi Khoi lng oxi co Khoi lng oxi co trong lng oxi trong oxit o trong 1 mol oxit : 1 mol oxit : la 60% . Xac nh cong 60 . 80 60 . 80 thc oxit o va goi = 48(g) = 48(g) 100 ten . 100 GV goi 1 HS thc hien Ta co : 16y = 48 Ta co : 16y = 48 bang => y = 3 => y = 3 HS khac nhan xet x . MR = 80 48 = 32 x . MR = 80 48 = 32 Neu x = 1 MR = 32
157 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua hoc sinh R la lu huynh SO3 Neu x = 2 MR = 64 Cu2O3 (loai)
Noi dung Neu x = 1 MR = 32 R la lu huynh SO3
Bai tap 3 : Cho 9,2 g natri vao nc d GV a ra bai tap 3 a) Tnh the tch kh thoat ra ktc . Bai tap 3 : HS nhom thao luan b) Tnh khoi lng cua Cho 9,2 g natri vao nc va thc hien : baz tao thanh sau d a) Phng trnh : phan ng . a) Tnh the tch kh thoat 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH Giai ra ktc . + H 2 a) b) Tnh khoi lng cua baz tao thanh sau phan nNa = 9,2 = 0,4 (mol) 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH 23 ng . + H2 GV yeu cau HS lam Theo phng trnh : 9,2 nNa= = 0,4 (mol) viec theo nhom n Na 0,4 23 n = = H2 bang con cua nhom 2 2 n 0,4 Sau 5 phut goi 1 nhom = 0,2 ( mol ) n H 2 = Na = 2 2 len gan bang , cac V = n . 22 , 4 = 0 , 2 ( mol ) =0,2 . H2 nhom khac bo sung . 22,4 V H 2 = n . 22,4 = 4,48 (lt) 0,2 . 22,4= 4,48 (lt) b) Theo phng trnh : b) Theo phng trnh : nNaOH = nNa = 0,4 (mol) nNaOH = nNa = mNaOH = n . M 0,4(mol) = 0,4 . 40 = m NaOH = n . M 16(g) = 0,4 . 4 = 16(g)
GV to chc cho HS chi tro chi ghep cong thc hoa hoc GV chuan b mot bang phu co noi dung sau : 9/ TT 1 2 3 4 5 Oxit Zn. Al2.. S ..O5 ..O3 Baz .(OH)3 K. Ca Al. ..OH Axit H3 H2. H.. ..Cl .SO3 Muoi Na2.. Cu.. .(NO3)2 Ca3.. K2.
158 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua giao Hoat ong cua hoc vien sinh 6 Fe2.. .(OH)2 PO4 7 Cu.. Fe.. ..S
Noi dung Cl2 Al2.
HS cac nhom lan lt ien vao cho cham cho thch hp , moi nhom dung mot mau phan khac nhau . 4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : ( 1 phut) Xem lai bai hoc Lam cac bai tap 2, 3 , 4 , 5 trang 132 SGK Chuan b bai Bai thc hanh 6 IV/ RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
Ngay soan 25/03/2007 Tiet 59 BAI THC HANH 6 I/ Muc tieu : - HS cung co , nam vng c tnh chat hoa hoc cua nc : tac dung vi mot so kim loai nhiet o thng tao thanh baz va hiro , tac dung vi mot so oxit baz tao thanh baz va mot so oxit axit tao thanh axit . - HS ren c k nang tien hanh mot so th nghiem vi natri , vi canxioxit va iphotpho pentaoxit - HS c cung co ve cac bien phap am bao an toan khi hoc tap va nghien cu hoa hoc II/ Chuan b: Giao vien : Chuan b dung cu hoa chat e tng nhom hoc sinh tien hanh th nghiem sau : Nc tac dung vi Na Nc tac dung vi voi song Nc tac dung vi iphotphopentaoxit Hoa cu : Moi nhom gom cac dung cu sau : chau thuy tinh , coc thuy tinh , e s , lo thuy tinh co nut , nut cao su co muong sat , ua thuy tinh . Hoa chat : Na , CaO , P , qu tm , phenolphtalein . Hoc sinh : Chuan b bai 39 III/ HOAT ONG DAY HOC : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut) 2) KTBC : ( 4 phut) Kiem tra nhng Noi dung lien quan en bai thc hanh Em hay neu cac tnh chat hoa hoc cua nc ? HS tra li : Tnh chat hoa hoc cua nc la : Tac dung vi 1 so kim loai ; Tac dung vi 1 so oxit baz ; Tac dung vi 1 so oxit axit . 3) Giang bai mi : e giup cho cac em cung co lai cac Noi dung ve tnh chat cua nc, chung ta tien hanh bai thc hanh 6 .
159 Giao an
* Tien trnh bai day : TG 30/ Hoat ong cua giao vien H 1 : Tien hanh th nghiem GV hng dan HS lam th nghiem 1 : Cat natri thanh cac mieng nho va lam mau Nho vai giot dung dch phenolphtalein vao mot coc nc (hoac cho mau qu tm ) Dung kep sat kep mieng natri cho vao coc nc Cac em hay quan sat va neu hien tng th nghiem Hoat ong cua hoc sinh Noi dung Th nghiem 1 : Cach lam : Cat natri thanh cac mieng nho Nho vai giot dd phenolphtalein vao mot coc nc (hoac cho mau qu tm ) Dung kep sat kep mieng natri cho vao coc nc Hien tng : Mieng natri chay tren mat nc Co kh thoat ra Phenolphtalein hoa hong (qu tm hoa xanh) Phan ng natri va nc tao thanh dung dch baz lam qu tm hoa xanh 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH +H2
HS quan sat GV hng dan va lam theo
Hien tng : Mieng natri chay tren mat nc Co kh thoat ra Phenolphtalein hoa hong (qu tm hoa xanh) Phan ng natri va nc tao thanh dung dch baz lam qu tm hoa xanh V sao qu tm lai Phng trnh : chuyen sang mau 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH Th nghiem 2 : xanh ? +H2 HS thc hien th Cach lam : Cho mot mau nho Cac em hay viet nghiem theo hng voi song vao e dan cua GV PTHH ? s Rot mot t nc vao voi song . Cho 1 GV hng dan HS lam 2 giot dd th nghiem 2 : phenolphtalein vao Cho mot mau nho Hien tng : dung dch nc voi . voi song vao e Mau voi song Hien tng : s nhao ra Mau voi song nhao Rot mot t nc Dd phenolphtalein t ra vao voi song . Cho khong mau chuyen Dd phenolphtalein t 1 2 giot dd sang mau hong phenolphtalein vao Phan ng toa khong mau chuyen sang mau hong dung dch nc voi . nhieu nhiet Phan ng toa nhieu Cac em quan sat va nhiet neu hien tng th Phng trnh : CaO+H2O Ca(OH)2 nghiem ? CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 Th nghiem 3 :
160 Giao an
TG
Noi dung Cach lam : ot en con
GV hng dan HS at tay vao thanh ong nghiem roi nhan xet HS viet phng trnh phan ng ? GV hng dan hoc sinh lam th nghiem 3 theo trnh t nh sau : Th ay nut vao lo xem nut co va khong ? ot en con
5/
Cho mot lng nho P o vao muong sat ot photpho o trong muong sat bang en con roi a nhanh muong sat co photpho o ang chay vao lo thuy tinh cha oxi (trong lo thuy tinh a co san 2 -3 ml nc) Lac cho P2O5 tan het trong nc Cho mot mieng giay qu tm vao lo Yeu cau cac nhom thc hien va nhan xet hien tng ? Cac em viet phng trnh phan ng va nhan xet ? H 2 : HS hoan thanh tng trnh GV nhan xet anh gia ket qua lam viec cua moi nhom H 3 : HS thu don va ra dung cu 4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: Xem lai bai hoc Chuan b bai 40 Dung dch IV/ RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
Cho mot lng nho P o vao muong sat ot photpho o trong muong sat bang en con roi a nhanh muong sat co photpho o ang chay vao lo thuy tinh cha oxi Lac cho P2O5 tan het trong nc Cho mot mieng giay qu tm vao lo Hien tng : Photpho o chay sinh ra nhieu khoi trang Mieng giay qu tm Hien tng : Photpho o chay chuyen thanh o . sinh ra nhieu khoi Phng trnh : trang P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4 Mieng giay qu tm Phan ng tao ra axit chuyen thanh o . photphoric lam qu tm chuyen sang mau o Phng trnh : P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4 Phan ng tao ra axit photphoric lam qu tm chuyen sang mau o
5/
161 Giao an
Ngay 30/03/2007 Tiet 60 CHNG 6 :
DUNG DCH DUNG DCH
I/ Muc tieu : - HS hieu c cac khai niem : dung moi , chat tan , dung dch , dung dch cha bao hoa , dung dch bao hoa . - HS hieu c nhng bien phap thuc ay s hoa tan cua chat ran trong nc c nhanh hn , o la s khuay tron , s un nong va s nghien nho chat ran . - Biet cach pha che mot dung dch cha bao hoa va dung dch bao hoa - Tiep tuc ren luyen kha nang quan sat va nhan xet cac hien tng th nghiem . - Ren tnh can than , y thc tap the trong viec thu thap thong tin cua nhom . II/ Chuan b: Giao vien : Chuan b moi nhom mot bo dung cu , hoa chat nh sau : Hoa chat : Muoi an , ng , dau thc vat , xang , nc . Hoa cu con : Coc thuy tinh chu nhiet , kieng sat co li amiang , en
ua thuy tinh . Hoc sinh : Chuan b bai 40 III/ HOAT ONG DAY HOC : 1) On nh tnh hnh lp : ( 1 phut) 2) KTBC : 3) Giang bai mi : Trong th nghiem hoa hoc hoac trong i song hang ngay , cac em thng hoa tan nhieu chat nh ng muoi trong nc , ta c dung dch ng , dung dch muoi . Vay dung dch la g ? Chung ta tm hieu qua bai hoc hom nay . * Tien trnh bai day : TG 15/ Hoat ong cua giao vien H 1: Dung moi , chat tan , dung dch GV hng dan HS lam th nghiem 1 theo nhom : Dung mot coc thuy tinh cho nc vao khoang 2ml Cho mot tha nho ng vao coc nc , khuay nhe . Quan sat nhan xet hien tng xay ra ? GV : ng tan trong nc hay ngi ta con noi ng la chat b hoa tan trong nc , ng la Hoat ong cua hoc sinh Noi dung I Dung moi , chat tan , dung dch : HS lam th nghiem theo s hng dan cua GV
ng hoa tan het trong nc tao thanh nc ng
162 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua giao vien chat tan , nc la dung moi cua ng , nc ng la dung dch Chat tan co bat buoc la chat ran khong ? Hay cho v du chat tan la chat long , chat kh ? GV chuyen y : Trong cac v du tren , nc co kha nang hoa tan cac chat ng , con 90o , kh oxi . Nc la dung moi cua rat nhieu chat , nhng co la dung moi cua tat ca cac chat khong ? Chung ta hay lam th nghiem 2 GV hng dan HS lam th nghiem 2 theo nhom : Dung 2 coc thuy tinh , mot coc cho nc vao khoang 2ml , mot coc cho xang hoac dau hoa Cho mot tha nho dau an vao 2 coc , khuay nhe Quan sat , nhan xet , so sanh hien tng xay ra ?
Noi dung
Con 90o tan trong nc , kh oxi tan trong nc .
HS lam th nghiem theo nhom : Dung moi la chat co kha nang hoa tan chat khac e tao thanh dung dch Chat tan la chat b hoa tan vao dung moi Dung dch la hon hp ong nhat cua dung moi va chat tan . V du : Nc ma Dung moi la nc , chat tan la ng
Hay cho biet dung moi va chat tan th nghiem th 2 ? Cac em hay cho v du ve cac dung dch khac va ch ro chat tan , dung moi trong moi dung dch o ? 12/ H 2: Dung dich cha bao hoa , dung dch bao hoa GV hng dan hoc sinh tiep tuc cho ng vao coc nc ng th nghiem 1 , va cho ng va khuay nhe
Nc khong hoa tan c dau an Dau hoa hoac xang hoa tan c dau an , tao thanh hon hp ong nhat . Trong TN 2 : Dau an la chat tan , dau hoa , xang la dung moi HS cho v du
Giai oan au dung dch van co kha nang hoa tan them ng . giai oanh sau , ta c mot dung dch ng
II/ Dung dch cha bao hoa , dung dich bao hoa :
163 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua giao vien Goi HS neu hien tng ? GV : Khi dung dch van con co the hoa tan them chat tan , ta goi dung dch cha bao hoa .Dung dch khong the hoa tan them chat tan , ta goi la dung dch bao hoa Vay the nao la dung dch cha bao hoa ? dung dch bao hoa ?
Hoat ong cua hoc sinh khong the hoa tan them ng .
Noi dung
mot nhiet o xac nh : Dung dch cha Dung dch cha bao bao hoa la dung hoa : co the hoa dch co the hoa tan them chat tan . tan them chat tan . Dung dch bao hoa : Dung dch bao khong the hoa tan hoa la dung dch them chat tan khong the hoa tan them chat tan III/ Lam the nao e qua trnh hoa tan chat ran trong nc xay ra nhanh hn Muon chat ran tan nhanh trong nc , ta thc hien 1 , 2 hoac ca 3 bien phap : Khuay dung dch un nong dung dch Nghien nho chat ran
12/
H 3 : Lam the nao e qua trnh hoa tan chat ran trong nc xay ra nhanh hn GV : Thc te muon qua trnh hoa tan xay ra nhanh hn , ta thc hien cac bien phap nao ? GV : e chng minh cho cac bien phap cac em va neu , chung ta lam th nghiem sau : GV hng dan HS lam th nghiem theo cac bc sau : Nhan xet : Cho vao moi coc (co Coc 1 muoi tan cha cham 25ml nc ) mot Coc 2 , 3 muoi tan lng cham hn coc 1, 4 muoi an nh nhau Coc 4 muoi tan Coc 1 : e yen nhanh hn coc 1 Coc 2 : khuay eu HS thao luan va tra Coc 3 : un nong li Coc 4 : muoi an a nghien nho HS quan sat , nhan xet ? V sao khi khuay dung dch , un nong dung dch , nghien nho chat ran , qua trnh hoa tan xay ra nhanh hn ? H 5 : Cung co GV yeu cau HS nhac lai noi dung chnh cua bai : Dung dch la g ? nh ngha dung dch cha bao hoa , dung dch
4/
HS tra li cac cau hoi cung co
164 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua giao vien bao hoa ? GV yeu cau HS lam bai tap 5 trang 138 SGK .
Hoat ong cua hoc sinh HS lam bai tap 5 trang 138 SGK
Noi dung
4) Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: ( 1 phut) Hoc k bai Lam bai tap 3, 4, 6 trang 138 SGK Chuan b bai 41 o tan cua mot chat trong nc IV/ RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
Ngay soan : Tiet 61 O HOA TAN CUA MOT CHAT TRONG NC I. MUC TIEU: Bang thc nghiem, cac em co the nhan biet c chat tan va chat khong tan trong nc. Hieu c o tan cua mot chat trong nc la g ? Bang nhng yeu to anh hng en o tan cua mot chat trong nc Biet cach thc hien th nghiem tm hieu chat tan va chat khong tan
165 Giao an
Ren tnh can than, y thc tap the trong viec thu thap thong tin cua nhom II. CHUAN B : Hnh 6.5 tr 140 SGK : Anh hng cua nhiet o en o tan cua chat ran. Hnh 6.6 tr 141 : Anh hng cua nhiet o en o tan cua chat kh. Hoa cu : Bnh nc, 4 ong nghiem, gia ong nghiem, pheu loc, 2 t giay loc, 2 tam knh, en con, diem, kep gap, ong nho giot, tha lay hoa chat ran. Hoa chat : Canxi cacbonat, natri clorua. III. HOAT ONG DAY HOC : * Tien trnh bai day : TG 10 Hoat ong cua Giao vien H 1 Lan lt s dung bang viet san cau hoi 1, cau hoi 2 1 Kiem tra : Yeu cau 1 HS oc cau hoi: Em hay dan ra nhng th du e minh hoa, t o hay cho biet the nao la dung dch ? dung dch cha bao hoa ? dung dch bao hoa GV cho iem Cau hoi 2 (phan b, bai tap 4 tr 138 SGK GV cho iem 2. To chc tnh huong hoc tap : GV s dung cau hoi 2, Gii thieu bai : Cac em a biet mot nhiet o nhat nh, cac chat khac nhau co the b hoa tan nhieu hay t khac nhau. oi vi mot chat nhat nh, nhng nhiet o khac nhau cung hoa tan nhieu t khac nhau. e co the xac nh c lng chat tan Hoat ong cua Hoc sinh Noi dung
1HS tra li cau hoi Dung dch la hon hp ong nhat cua dung moi va chat tan Dung dch cha bao hoa la dung dch co the hoa tan them chat tan Dung dch bao hoa la dung dch khong the hoa tan them chat tan HS2 : Tra li cau hoi 2 Khuay 25g ng vao 10 gam nc nhiet o phong c dung dch bao hoa con 25 20 = 5g ng khong tan. Neu khuay 3,5 g muoi vao 10 g nc nhiet o phong dung dch cha bao hoa muoi se tan het.
166 Giao an
10
nay, chung ta hay tm hieu o tan cua chat. H 2 GV hng dan HS lam th nghiem 1 SGK. GV hay neu nhan xet ve tnh tan cua canxi cacbonat trong nc ? GV hng dan HS lam th nghiem 2 SGK neu ra nhan xet ve tnh tan cua natri clorua trong nc ? GV qua 2 th nghiem, ta ket luan c ieu g ? GV : Ta va lam th nghiem va biet muoi NaCl tan trong nc, muoi CaC03 lai khong tan, con cac muoi khac co tnh tan trong nc the nao ? GV : e tm hieu tnh tan trong nc cua cac muoi, ta xem bang tnh tan trong nc cua cac axt, baz, muoi tr 156 SGK GV hng dan HS cach s dung bang tnh tan Hay neu nhan xet ve tnh tan trong nc cua muoi Nitrat ? Trong cac muoi sunfat, clorua, co muoi nao khong tan ? Cho th du ve hp chat baz tan va khong tan trong nc ? GV yeu cau HS oc tnh tan cua cac hp chat trong nc (tr 140 SGK) H 3 GV e bieu th khoi lng chat tan trong mot khoi lng dung moi mot nhiet o nao o, ngi ta dung o tan Yeu cau 3 HS oc nh ngha o tan trong
I. Chat tan va chat HS : nhom lam th khong tan : nghiem 1 1. Th nghiem ve tnh Quan sat hien tng chat tan cua chat : xay ra va tra li cau a) Th nghiem SGK hoi HS : nhom thc hien th nghiem 2 Quan sat hien tng xay ra va tra li cau hoi HS : nhom tra li va oc SGK ta nhan b) Ket luan : thay ... tr 139 SGK Co chat khong tan va chat tan trong HS : nhom thao luan nc. Co chat tan nhieu va va phat bieu co chat tan t trong nc
HS : trao oi va tra li cac muoi Nitrat Xem bang tnh tan 156 eu tan. SGK HS : nhom trao oi va neu ten cac muoi khong tan : AgCl, BaS04, PbS04 HS : tra li cau hoi
2. Tnh tan trong nc cua mot so axit, baz, muoi
HS : ghi nh ngha vao v HS : nhom thao luan
II. o tan cua mot chat trong nc : 1. nh ngha : o tan (ky hieu la S) cua mot chat trong nc la so gam chat o hoa tan trong 100gr nc e tao thanh dung dch bao hoa
167 Giao an
SGK GV khi noi ve o tan cua mot chat nao o trong nc can may yeu to ? Sau khi HS tra li, GV viet len bang : o tan la so gam chat tan : Tan vao 100g nc Tao dung dch bao hoa nhiet o xac nh GV hieu the nao khi noi 250C o tan cua muoi an trong nc la 36g GV khi noi ve o tan cua mot chat nao o trong nc can phai kem theo ieu kien nhiet o. Nhiet o anh hng the nao en o tan cua 1 chat trong nc GV treo bang hnh ve 6.5. Nhn vao o tan cua muoi NaCl, Na2S04, KN03 trong nc va 250C va 1000C the nao ? GV nhan xet g ve o tan cua chat ran khi tang nhiet o ? GV treo bang ve hnh 6.6 SGK. Hay nhan xet o tan cua chat kh khi tang nhiet o GV bo sung : Yeu to anh hng en o tan cua chat kh trong nc ngoai nhiet o con co ap suat H 4 Van dung va ghi nh : GV yeu cau HS lan lt oc noi dung bai tap 1, 2, 3 trang 142 SGK. Bai tap 5 yeu cau HS len giai bai tap nay tren bang. GV yeu cau HS oc lai phan ghi nh trong
va tra li
mot nhiet o xac nh V du : 250C o tan cua ng la 20k, cua muoi NaCl la 36g
2. Nhng yeu to anh hng en o tan : HS : trao oi nhom va tra li : mmuoi = 36g mnc = 100g mddbh = 136g HS : trao oi nhom HS nhom 1 : muoi NaCl, nhom 2, muoi KN03, nhom 3 : Muoi Na2S04 Sau khi HS tra li cho, cho HS oc SGK HS : nhom thao luan va tra li HS oc SGK HS : ghi vao v phan 1.2 o tan cua chat ran tang khi nhiet o tang o tan cua chat kh tang khi nhiet o giam va ap suat tang
HS : hoat ong ca nhan va tra li HS : lam nhom viec theo
180 : 250g nc 6 : 250g nc 53gNaC03
168 Giao an
SGK
vay 100g nc ? x=
100.53 = 21,2g 250
H 5 : Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : Hoc bai phan ghi nh Lam bai tap vao v oc trc noi dung bai nong o dung dch IV RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
169 Giao an
Ngay soan : Tiet 62 NONG O DUNG DCH I. MUC TIEU: Biet y ngha cua nong o phan tram va nong o mol va nh c cac cong thc tnh nong o Biet van dung cong thc e tnh cac loai nong o cua dung dch ; nhng ai lng lien quan en dung dch nh khoi lng chat tan, khoi lng dung dch, lng chat tan, the tch dung dch, the tch dung moi Ren tnh can than, y thc lam viec tap the II. CHUAN B : Phieu hoc tap co noi dung e bai tap se giai trong tiet hoc III. HOAT ONG DAY HOC : * Tien trnh bai day : TG Hoat ong cua Giao vien H 1 Kiem tra : 1HS cha bai tap 5 tr 142 SGK. 1HS kha tra li cau hoi. Da vao o th ve o tan cua chat ran trong nc. Hay cho biet o tan cua muoi Na2S04 va NaN03, nhiet o 100C va 600C. Co nhan xet g ve o tan cua chat ran trong nc ? Sau khi cho nhan xet ve cau kiem tra ve cau kiem tra, GV cho iem HS To chc tnh huong hoc tap : GV bang cach nao e bieu th c lng chat tan co trong dung dch ? Ngi ta a ra khai niem nong o dung dch GV viet e bai len bang GV thng co nhieu cach bieu dien nong Hoat ong cua Hoc sinh Noi dung
HS : ca lp theo doi ban sa e co nhan xet. HS s dung o th hnh 6.5 SGK va tm cac gia tr o tan 100C 600C SNaS04 SNaN03
170 Giao an
o dung dch, cac em se tm hieu hai loai nong o dung dch la nong o phan tram va nong o mol H 2 GV yeu cau 3 HS/ 3 nhom khac nhau oc HS : thc hien SGK ve nh ngha nong o phan tram GV tren nhan cac lo hoa chat co ghi dung HS : nhom thao luan dch H2S04 5%. Da va tra li vao khai niem ve C %, hay neu y ngha cac con so nay ? GV gii thieu cong thc tnh nong o phan tram cua dung dch GV : T cong thc, em hay van dung e giai cac dang bai tap (trong phieu hoc tap) Bai tap 1 : Hoa tan 5g Natri nitrat vao 45g nc. Tnh C% dung dch thu c ? GV : Can nhac HS ghi phan tom tat e bai. Bai tap 2 : Bai 5 tr 146 SGK GV phan cong : Phan a : nhom 1, 4 : Phan b : nhom 2 , 5 ; Phan C nhom 3 , 6
I. Nong o phan tram cua dung dch (C%) : C% =
mct 100% mdd
10
1. Tm C% (biet mct va HS : oc lai cong thc mdd) va neu y ngha cac ai lng trong cong thc
HS : nhom trao oi va cho ket qua tren bang con~ 1HS len bang lam : mct = 50g. mnc = 45 tm C%
Hoc sinh oc e bai tap 5 tr 146 HS : nhom thc hien theo yeu cau, ghi ket qua len bang con va 2 nhom trao oi ket qua. Neu 2 nhom khong co cung ket qua. GV cho ket qua ung va yeu cau nhom sai lam lai
Bai tap 3 : 2. Tm mct (biet % va Mot dung dch BaCl2 HS : nhom thc hien, mdd) co nong o 5% . Tnh ghi ket qua len bang khoi lng BaCl2 co con. trong 200g dung dch ? Sau o 1 HS len bang giai
171 Giao an
mdd = 200g. C% = 5% tm mct ? HS nhom thao luan, ghi ket qua len bang con. Sau o 1 HS trnh bay cach lam 5 Bai tap 5 : Hoa tan 0,5g muoi an vao nc c dung dch muoi an co nong o 2,5 %. Hay tnh : a) Khoi lng dung dch muoi pha che c b) Khoi lng nc can dung cho s pha che H 3 Van dung e giai bai tap 7 tr 146 SGK GV gi y e HS nh lai Noi dung ve o tan HS nhom thao luan, ghi ket qua len bang con 1HS len bang giai mct = 0,5g. C% = 2,5%. Tm mdd ? mnc ? 3. Tm mdd. mnc (biet mct. C%)
HS : tom tat e tren bang t0 = 200C, SNaCL = 36g ; Sng = 204g. Tm C% ddbh
NaCl2. ; C% ddbh ng
HS : nhom thao luan va ghi ket qua 2 H 4 : Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: Hoc bai phan ghi nh ve C% Lam bai tap trong phieu hoc tap vao v IV RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
Ngay soan : Tiet 63 NONG O DUNG DCH (tt) I. MUC TIEU : Biet y ngha cua nong o phan tram va nong o mol va nh c cac cong thc tnh nong o Biet van dung cong thc e tnh cac loai nong o cua dung dch ; nhng ai lng lien quan en dung dch nh khoi lng chat tan, khoi lng dung dch, lng chat tan, the tch dung dch, the tch dung moi
172 Giao an
Ren tnh can than, y thc lam viec tap the II. CHUAN B : Phieu hoc tap co noi dung e bai tap se giai trong tiet hoc III. HOAT ONG DAY HOC : * Tien trnh bai day :
TG 7
Hoat ong cua Giao vien H 1 : Kiem tra Nong o phan tram cho biet g ? van dung e tnh so gam muoi an va so gam nc can phai lay e pha che thanh 120g dung dch co nong o 5% H 2 : GV yeu cau 3 HS cua 3 nhom khac nhau oc SGK phan nh ngha nong o mol. GV : Tren nhan cac lo hoa chat co ghi dd HCl 2M, dd Na0H 0,5M. Da vao khai niem ve CM hay neu y ngha con so nay GV : 2 mol HCl co khoi lng la bao nhieu ? Dung cong thc nao e tnh ? GV : T cong thc, cac em hay van dung e giai cac dang bai tap (trong phieu hoc tap) Bai tap 1 : cau c, bai 3 tr 146 SGK 4 lt dung dch co hoa tan 400g CuS04. Tnh nong o mol/ lt cua dung dch. Cho Cu = 64. S = 32. 0 = 16
Hoat ong cua Hoc sinh HS : lam but van trong 7 phut. GV thu bai theo so chan th t danh sach lp) Yeu cau HS khac neu ket qua
Noi dung
10
HS oc nong o mol 1 lt dung dch
HS thao luan va tra li . dd HCl 2M cho biet 1 lt dd axit clohidric co hoa tan 2 mol HCl. HS Tra li (vi dd Na0H 0,5 M cung co cach tra li nh tren HS : oc lai cong thc va neu y ngha cac ai lng trong cong thc tnh CM.
II. Nong o mol cua dung dch : Nong o mol cua dung dch cho biet so mol chat tan co trong 1 lt dung dch CM =
n (mol/l) v
n : la so mol chat tan v : la the tch d2 (l)
HS : nhom lam bai va ghi ket qua len bang con 1 HS len bang lam : Vdd = 4 lt, mct = 400g. Tm CM
1. Tnh CM (biet n hay mct va Vdd)
Bai tap 2 : (bai 2 tr 145 SGK). Bai nay e am bao HS nhom thc hien, ghi ket qua len bang thi gian, GV cho : con MKN03 = 101g 1HS len bang lam :
173 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua Giao vien
Bai tap 3 : (Bai 4 tr 151 cau c) Hay tnh so mol va so gam chat tan trong 250ml dd CaCl2 0,1M, cho Ca = 40, Cl = 35,5 Bai tap 4 : Tm the tch dd HCl 2M e trong o co hoa tan 0,5 mol HCl. GV : Chung ta va lam quen vi nhng dang bai tap van dung cong thc tnh CM. Bay gi ta tm hieu loai bai tap tm nong o mol/lit cua hon hp 2 dung dch. Bai tap 5 :Tron 2 lt dung dch ng 2M vi 1 lt dung dch ng 0,5M. Tnh nong o mol/ lt cua dd ng sau khi tron ? GV : Cac bc e giai bai tap nay la : B1 : Tm n1 va n2 chat tan trong moi dd. B2 Tm tong the tch cua 2 dd. B3 : Tm nong o mol/lt cua tng chat tan trong dung dch H 3 : Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau : Hoc bai phan ghi nh ve CM. Lam bai tap 3 (b, d) ; bai tap 6 tr 146. oc trc noi dung bai : Pha che dung dch
Hoat ong cua Hoc sinh Vdd = 4lt, mct = 400g. Tm CM HS nhom thc hien, ghi ket qua len bang con. Sau o 1 HS giai thch cach chon cau ung (la a) HS nhom thc hien, ghi ket qua len bang con 1HS len bang lam Vdd = 250ml, CM = 0,1M. Tnh nCaC02, mCaCl2 HS nhom thc hien ghi ket qua n = 0,5 mol CM = 2M. Tm Vdd ?
Noi dung
2. Tnh so mol (hoac mct khi biet CM va Vdd)
3. Tm Vdd (khi biet nct va CM cua dung dch)
4. Tm CM cua hon hp 2 dung dch
CM = HS oc e bai tap 5 (trong phieu hoc tap) va tom tat e. HS nhom thao luan va phat bieu (2 hoac 3 HS) HS : nhom giai bai tap va cho ket qua len bang con
n1 + n2 V1 + V2
174 Giao an
Ngay soan : Tiet 64 PHA CHE DUNG DCH I. MUC TIEU: Biet thc hien tnh toan cac ai lng lien quan en dung dch nh lng (so mol) chat tan, khoi lng chat tan, khoi lng dung dch, dung moi, the tch dung moi e t o ap ng c yeu cau pha che mot khoi lng hay mot the tch dung dch vi nong o theo yeu cau. Biet cach pha che mot dung dch theo nhng so lieu a tnh toan Biet cac thao tac e s dung can, ong ong... Biet cac bc pha che mot dung dch cu the theo yeu cau. Ren tnh can than trong cac thao tac (cach lay, cach pha che khong vang, o hoa chat...) y thc lam viec tap the. II. CHUAN B : Moi nhom : Can ky thuat, coc 250ml, bnh nc, ong ong, ua thuy tinh, tha lay hoa chat. Hoa chat : CuS04 (khan), nc cat. III. HOAT ONG DAY HOC : * Tien trnh bai day :
TG
Hoat ong cua Giao vien H 1 : Kiem tra 1) The nao la nong o phan tram cua dung dch ? Viet cong thc nong o phan tram va neu y ngha cua cac ai lng dung trong cong thc ? 2) Cau hoi nh tren vi nong o mol To chc tnh huong hoc tap Chung ta a biet cach tnh nong o dung dch. Nhng lam the nao e pha che c dung dch theo nong o cho biet ? Chung ta hay tm hieu bai hoc. H 2 : (tnh toan) T noi dung bai tap
Hoat ong cua Hoc sinh 1 HS tra li ve C% 1 HS Tra li ve CM GV yeu cau HS viet cong thc tnh C% va CM len bang HS : ca lp chu y nghe e co y kien
Noi dung
1. Cach pha che HS oc bai tap 1a tr mot dung dch theo nong o cho trc : 152 SGK
175 Giao an
TG
10
Hoat ong cua Giao vien 1a. GV neu cac yeu cau e nhom HS thc hien Trong bai tap cac em a biet nhng ai lng nao e pha che dung dch ? Hay viet cong thc tnh mCuS04 t cong thc tnh C%. Tnh mCuS04 da vao cong thc nao ? GV (sau khi HS cac nhom co cau tra li) GV yeu cau 1HS nhom len bang tnh toan va ghi ket qua H 3 : (Cach pha che) GV hng dan can ky thuat. Yeu cau HS can 5g CuS04 khan Hng dan cach dung ong ong Yeu cau HS ong 45ml nc cat. Hng dan o nc cat dan dan vao coc, khuay nhe. GV : Hay neu cac cong viec can thc hien e pha che
Hoat ong cua Hoc sinh Cac nhom HS tnh toan thao luan e tra li cac van e GV yeu cau cho biet : mCuS04 = 50g C% = 10%, can tm mCuS04 ? mH20 ?
Noi dung 1. Pha che 50g dd CuS04, co nong o10%. a) Tnh toan c ket qua mCuS04 = 5g ; mH20 = 45g b) Cach pha che cho 5g CuS04, khan vao coc. Cho 45ml nc vao dung ua thuy tinh khuay eu.
HS : thc hien theo hng dan cua GV, can 5g CuS04 khan roi cho vao coc thuy tinh
HS nhom thc hien theo hng dan.
HS : nhom trao oi va phat bieu 1HS nhom oc theo yeu cau SGK
176 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua Giao vien 50g dd CuS04 co nong o 10% Sau khi HS phat bieu, GV yeu cau HS oc SGK phan cach pha che
Noi dung
H 4 : (Tnh toan) T noi dung bai tap 1b. GV yeu cau e nhom HS thc hien Trong bai tap cac em a biet nhng ai lng nao ? Can tm nhng ai lng nao e pha che dung dch ? Hay viet cong thc tnh mCuS04 , t cong thc tnh CM cua dung dch ? Tnh mCuS04 da vao cong thc nao ? Sau khi HS cac nhom co cau tra li, GV yeu cau HS len bang tnh toan HS : oc bai tap 1b tr 152 SGK Cac nhom HS thao luan tnh toan e tra li cac van e GV yeu cau cho biet VddCuS04 = 50ml ; CM = 1M. Can tm : mCuS04 ?
2. Pha che 50 ml dd CuS04 co nong o 1M a) Tnh toan mCuS04 = 8g b) Cach pha che cho 8g CuS04, khan vao ong ong, o t t nc cat vao, khuay eu en vach 50ml.
177 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua Giao vien va ghi ket qua. H 5 : (Cach pha che) GV hng dan cac nhom cach pha che dung dch o nc cat dan dan vao ong ong, khuay eu en vach 50ml. GV : Hay nhac lai cac cong viec can thc hien e pha che 50ml dd CuS04 co nong o 1M Sau khi HS phat bieu, GV yeu cau HS oc SGK
Noi dung
10
HS can 8g CuS04 roi cho vao ong ong. HS thc hien theo hng dan HS : nhom trao oi va phat bieu
H 6 : Van dung GV dung dang bai tap 4 tr 149 SGK. Viet e bai trc vi dd BaCl2 yeu cau HS tnh toan cac ai lng. Neu cach pha che 150g dd BaCl2 co C% = 20%. mct mH20 mdd Vdd Ddd C% CM
BaCl2
150g 1,2g/ml 20%
178 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua Hoat ong cua Hoc Giao vien sinh Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau:
Noi dung
Lam cac bai tap vao v. oc trc noi dung bai : Pha che dung dch phan II. IV RUT KINH NGHIEM, BO SUNG:
179 Giao an
Ngay soan : Tiet 65 PHA CHE DUNG DCH (tt) I. MUC TIEU: Biet thc hien tnh toan cac ai lng lien quan en dung dch nh lng (so mol) chat tan, khoi lng chat tan, khoi lng dung dch, dung moi, the tch dung moi e t o ap ng c yeu cau pha che mot khoi lng hay mot the tch dung dch vi nong o theo yeu cau. Biet cach pha che mot dung dch theo nhng so lieu a tnh toan Biet cac thao tac e s dung can, ong ong... Biet cac bc pha che mot dung dch cu the theo yeu cau. Ren tnh can than trong cac thao tac (cach lay, cach pha che khong vang, o hoa chat...) y thc lam viec tap the. II. CHUAN B : Moi nhom : Can ky thuat, coc 250ml, bnh nc, ong ong, ua thuy tinh, tha lay hoa chat. Hoa chat : CuS04 (khan), nc cat. III. HOAT ONG DAY HOC : * Tien trnh bai day :
TG 10
Hoat ong cua Giao vien H : 1 Kiem tra Cha bai tap 3 tr 149 SGK. GV cho HS oc e bai ghi tom tat e bai len bang. at cau hoi xac nh C% cua dung dch roi trnh bay cach pha che dung dch ? Xac nh C% cua dung dch roi trnh bay cach pha che dung dch To chc tnh huong hoc tap Tiet trc, chung ta a tm hieu cach pha che dung dch theo nong o cho trc, nhng lam the nao e pha loang mot dung dch theo nong o cho trc ? Chung ta hay tm hieu bai
Hoat ong cua Hoc sinh 1 HS tnh nong o phan tram cua dung dch roi neu cach pha che 1 HS tnh non go mol cua dung dch HS lp theo doi e co nhan xet
Noi dung
180 Giao an
TG
Hoat ong cua Giao vien hoc. H 2 : (Tnh toan) GV t noi dung bai tap 2a tr 148 gi y e HS ghi c phan tom e. GV : Muon pha loang dung dch th phai them nc vao dung dch hien co, theo e bai ta a co Vdd (1) cha ? Lam the nao e tm c Vdd (1) ? GV hng dan HS ve cach tnh toan pha loang nong o mol/lit bang nc. Khi pha loang dung dch th so mol chat tan la khong oi n = C1.V1 = C2.V2 GV yeu cau 1HS len bang tnh va ghi ket qua H 3 : (Cach pha che) GV muon pha loang dd MgS04 2M thanh 100ml dd MgS04 0,4M, cac em thc hien nh the nao ? GV yeu cau HS oc SGK GV yeu cau HS thc hien H 4 : (Tnh toan) GV Muon pha che dd co nong o %, ta can tm cac ai lng nao ? Khi pha loang dd th khoi lng chat tan trong dd c pha loang co thay oi khong ? Da vao so lieu e bai cho hay tnh mNaCl cua dd 2,5% va mdd co nong o 10% ? GV : mdd NaCl 10% la 37,5g. Hay tm mnc can dung e pha che ?
Noi dung
II Cach pha loang HS : oc bai tap 2a tr mot dung dch theo nong o cho trc : 153 SGK tom tat e : 1. Pha che 100ml dd CM (1) = 2M MgS04 0,4M t dd CM (2) = 0,4M MgS04 2M V2 = 100ml. Tm V1. HS cac nhom thao luan va tra li
HS nhom tnh toan e tm V1
HS nhom thao luan tra li
HS : oc SGK cach pha che
HS oc bai tap 2b tr 148 SGK. Tom tat e : C% (1) = 10% C% (2) = 2,5% C% (3) = 150g Tm mNaCl ; mnc ? HS nhom thao luan va tnh toan theo yeu cau 1HS len bang ghi ket qua
2. Pha che 150g dd NaCl 2,5% t dd NaCl 10%
181 Giao an
TG 8
Hoat ong cua Giao vien H 5 : (Cach pha che) GV hng dan cach pha loang dd co nong o 10% thanh 150g dd co nong o 2,5%. GV nhac lai cac bc can thc hien e pha loang dung dch theo yeu cau ? H 6 : Dan do HS chuan b cho tiet hoc sau: oc trc bai luyen tap 8
Hoat ong cua Hoc sinh HS thc hien theo hng dan HS nhom trao oi HS : oc SGK cach pha che
Noi dung
182 Giao an

Giao An Hoa Hoc 8 Soan 4 Cot CA Nam

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Giao An Hoa Hoc 8 Soan 4 Cot CA Nam

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PHAN PHOI CHNG TRNH HOA HOC LP 8 Hoc ky 1 : 18 tuan x 2 tiet / tuan = 36 tiet Hoc ky 2 : 17 tuan x 2 tiet / tuan

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

M AU MON HOA HOC

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

( Nghien cu thong tin SGK va phat bieu )

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

CHAT NGUYEN T- PHAN T

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

Hoat ong cua HS

II/ Tnh chat cua chat:

- Giong:Chat long. khong mau , hoa tan c nhieu chat

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

Hoat ong cua GV

Hoat ong cua HS -Khac: Ru chay c, to soi cua Ru thap hn nc

- Can than khi s dung hoa chat cho hp l.

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

Hoat ong cua HS

Noi dung tron lan vao nhau.

( Nc t nhien: song, ho , suoi bien)

v co nhieu chat tron lan.

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

Ngay soan : 5 / 9 / 2008 Tiet 4: Bai 3 : BAI THC HANH SO 1 :

TNH CHAT NONG CHAY CUA CHAT TACH CHAT T HON HP

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

Parafin nong chay 420C - Lu huynh co nhiet o nong chay ln hn 1000C

Th nghiem 2 : Tach rieng chat t hon hp muoi an va cat

Hoat ong 3 : HS viet tng trnh th nghiem - HS thu don dung cu -

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

Hoat ong cua GV GV yeu cau HS viet tng trnh th nghiem

Hoat ong cua HS lam ve sinh

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

Hoat ong cua hoc sinh -HS tra li:

me= 9,1095 . 10-28(g)

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

IV/ Rut kinh nghiem, bo sung:

Ngay soan : 18 /9 / 2007 Tiet 6 : Bai 5 I/ Muc tieu : 1. Kien thc :

NGUYEN TO HOA HOC

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

Hoat ong cua hoc sinh - Oxi

-So p la so ac trng cua 1 nguyen to hoa hoc .

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

Ngay soan :21 / 9 / 2007 Tiet 7 Bai 5 :

NGUYEN TO HOA HOC ( Tiep theo )

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

HS lam bai tapva tra li : Mg nhe hn Cu va nang bang 24 / 64 =0,375 ( lan)

HS phat bieu va ghi nhan

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

N CHAT - HP CHAT - PHAN T

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

Hoat ong cua hoc sinh

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

Hoat ong cua hoc sinh

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8

GV: Cn Vn Thm Hoa hoc 8