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Structural Analysis I
Using slope-deflection
Course structure
Semester 1: Engineering Structure I (10 doublelectures) to cover elastic analysis of statically indeterminate structures and stability of a column.
Using slope-deflection
Assessment
January examination: 80% Coursework CW1 Analysis of Frame: 10% Submission of Question solutions: 10%
Using slope-deflection
Learning objectives for semester 1
At the end of the module, students should be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the deflections of beams and frames; the assumptions and applicability of moment distribution; the stiffness matrix method and the use of relevant software; how axial and shear stresses are distributed throughout the cross-section of structural members; stress distributions and deflections produced by torsional loading. buckling of columns
Using slope-deflection
Year One and Two Structures
1. Analysis of statically determinate structures Using method of joints or method of sections
- Equilibrium:
M = 0,
F = 0
Using slope-deflection
Year Three Structures
2. Basic stiffness approach
d2y M ( x) = EI 2 dx
Direct integration / McCaulays method to find deflections (& slopes)
Using slope-deflection
Year Three Structures
Will extend stiffness/compatibility approach for statically indeterminate structures. Will study more complex structures Will study non-elastic problems Will study introduction to computer methods Will study complex bending problems - biaxial bending - open sections - varying section etc
Using slope-deflection
Revision of static analysis
Idealisation of loading:
Using slope-deflection
Revision of static analysis
Simplified beams: Simply supported beam
Using slope-deflection
Revision of static analysis
Cantilever beam
Using slope-deflection
Revision of static analysis
Fixed ended beam
Using slope-deflection
Revision of static analysis
Boundary conditions: 1. Roller
2. Pinned
3. Fixed
Using slope-deflection
Revision of static analysis
Tutorial 0 boundary conditions
Bending moment
Bending moment
Using slope-deflection
Bending moment
Using slope-deflection
2-span beam
contraflexure
Using slope-deflection
Using slope-deflection
Section One Using Slope deflection
To analyse statically indeterminate plane-frame Structures: 1. Write down expressions for the moments at each end of each member in a frame 2. Each expression will contain a fixed-end moment and a slope-deflection moment.
Using slope-deflection
3. Impose equilibrium conditions: i.e. at any joint M = 0. At any pinned end, M = 0. 4. Impose joint rotation compatibility, i.e. a rigid joint which rotates must result in the same rotations for all member ends at that point 5. This gives a series of simultaneous equations for the rotations and deflections of the ends which can be solved.
d y M ( x) = EI 2 dx
The minus sign is a result of the sign convention adopted
x L Now take a section at a point x along the length. At x, there is a moment Mx. M = 0 thus
but
dx 2
Integrating gives:
( dy x x a) EI = M FAB x + RAB P +A dx 2 2
At x = 0, dy/dx = 0 A = 0 (note x=0 is not valid for 3rd term) At x = L, dy/dx = 0 RAB = Pb2/L2 + 2MFAB/L Integrating again gives:
3 2 3 ( x Pb 2M FAB x x a) P +B + + 2 L 6 2 L 6 2
EIy = M FAB
Using slope-deflection
EIy = M FAB
2 2 3
( x Pb 2M FAB x x a) P +B + + 2 L 6 2 L 6
3
At x = 0, y = 0 B = 0 At x = L, y = 0
M FAB
Pab 2 =+ 2 L
B RBA MFBA
M FBA
Pba 2 = 2 L
L-x
M FAB
Pab 2 =+ 2 L
M FBA
Pba 2 = 2 L
M FAB = +
M FBA
PL = 8
M FAB
wL2 =+ 12
M FBA
wL2 = 12
The total effect of two different inputs to a system is equal to the sum of their effects when applied separately This is valid for linear elastic structures in which changes in geometry caused by external loads is small
RAB = 2 kN A 25 5m
B RBA = -2 kN
15
B RBA = 14 kN
RAB = 16 kN 25
A d
RBA = 12 kN
Using slope-deflection
Principal of superposition
W = 28 kN 25 kNm 15 kNm
5m
17.5 kNm Bending moment diagram from UDL alone (drawn on the tension side)
Using slope-deflection
Principal of superposition
W = 28 kN 25 kNm 15 kNm
A 25
5m
17.5
15
Bending moment diagram from applied end moments Free BMD added
A 5m What is the minimum Consider the generalmoment case.? (Note: this is not the moment at the mid-span!) At a distance x from the left hand side:
Shear Force, V x = R AB wx
Maximum moment in the span is at zero shear force Position of Mmax is at xmax =
R AB w
5m
wx 2 M x = RAB x M AB 2
xmax
RAB = w
Hence
M max
RAB RAB = M AB w 2w
M max
RAB = M AB 2w
wx 2 0 = RAB x M AB 2
is a quadratic equation, which can be rewritten as
2 M AB 2 R AB =0 x x + w w
2
RAB RAB 2 M AB x= w w w
or none :