BT 1 Paint - Revised

DIFFERENT PAINTS AND COATING PRODUCTS
CONCRETE AND MIXTURES

Delgado, John Paul / Delos Santos Ervie Jane
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00
PRINCIPAL TYPES OF COATING
*PAINTS [opaque , for wood,

concrete, masonry, ficem fibercement boards/drywall (hardiflex), and metal ]
A solution of a pigment in water, oil, or organic solvent, used to cover wood or metal articles either for protection or for appearance.
*STAINS (clear, for bringing

out/enhancing natural wood grains)
A solution of dye or suspension of pigment in a vehicle, applied to penetrate and color a wood surface without obscuring the grain. Penetrating stain permeate a wood surface, leaving a very thin film on the surface. a liquid preparation of a resin dissolved in an oil or in alcohol that when spread and allowed to dry forms a hard, lustrous and transparent coating. Oil based are oil varnish while alcohol based are spirit stain. CONCRETE AND MIXTURES
*VARNISHES
(clear/translucent, for wood)
FUNCTION AND PURPOSE
An economic method of surface protection and preservation to building materials and components. An economic method of surface decoration to building materials and components

CLASSIFICATION OF PAINTS
Architectural Paints are air-drying materials applied by brush or spray to architectural and structural surfaces and forms for decorative and protective purposes Commercial Paints air-drying or baking-cured materials applied by brush, spray, or magnetic agglomeration to kitchen and laundry appliances, automobile, machinery, and furniture and used as highway marking materials Industrial Paints subdivided by their intended service: corrosion-resistant coatings, high temperature coatings, and coatings for immersion service
COMPOSITION OF PAINTS
Pigment gives the paint a colour, but also plays a role in its consistency, ease of application, drying ability, durability and hardness
Varnish no pigment
Vehicle a liquid in which pigment is dispersed before being applied to a surface in order to control consistency, adhesion, gloss and durability. Binder binder makes the coat of paint retain its structure, and binds it to the surface to which it is applied
Stain no binder
Solvent solvent dissolves the paint to make it usable at normal room temperatures
TYPES OF PAINT
Primers/Base coats are basecoats applied to a surface to improve the adhesion of subsequent coats of paint or varnish Sealers are basecoats applied to a surface to reduce absorption of subsequent coats of paint or varnish, or to prevent bleeding through the finish coat. One example of sealer is the EMULSION. Oil Paints utilize a drying oil that oxidizes and hardens to form a tough elastic film when exposed to thin layer of air. Alkyd Paints have as a binder an alkyd resin, such as chemically modified soy or linseed oil. Latex Paints have as a binder an acrylic resin that coalesces as water evaporates from the emulsion.

Epoxy Paints have an epoxy resin as a binder for increased resistance to corrosion, abrasion and chemicals. Rust Inhibiting Paints & Primers are esp. formulated with anti-corrosive pigments to prevent /reduce the corrosion of metal surfaces. Fire Retardant Paints are especially formulated with silicone and polyvinyl chloride or other substance to reduce the flame spread of a combustible material. Heat Resistant Paints are specially formulated w/ silicone resins to withstand high temperatures Intumescent Coatings, when exposed to the heat of a fire, swell to form a thick insulating layer of inert foam that retards flame spread and combustion CONCRETE AND MIXTURES
TYPES OF PAINT
Pigmented Stain Or opaque stain is an oil stain containing pigments capable of obscuring the grain and texture of a wood surface
TYPES OF STAIN
Oil Stain Made by dissolving dye or suspending pigment in a drying oil or oil varnish vehicle. Water Stain A penetrating stain made by dissolving dye in a water vehicle.
Spirit Stain A penetrating stain made by dissolving dye in an alcohol or spirit vehicle.

TYPES OF VARNISHES
Spar Marine varnish is a durable, weather resistant varnish made from durable resins and linseed or tung oil. Polyurethane Varnish of exceptionally hard, abrasion resistant and chemical resistant clear varnish made from plastic resin of the same name. Lacquer Refers to any of various clear or colored synthetic coatings consisting of nitrocellulose or other cellulose derivative dissolved in a solvent that dries by evaporation to form a high gloss film. Shellac Spirit varnish made by dissolving purified lac flakes in denatured alcohol.

PAINT PRODUCTS
Latex Paint
Made from a water- soluble base which used for exterior or interior use such as concrete,stucco, bricks,hollow blocks,drywall surfaces. It can be mixed with water and equipment or spills and can be cleaned up simply with soapy water It is non-toxic and has less odor than other paints, such as oil based paint. It is more environmentally friendly than any other types of paint and may be disposed as a regular waste. 16-liter; 4-liter and 1-liter cans (white only) Surface dry: 30 minutes and dry through 2 hours.
Different Paints and Coating Products Reported by:Luis de Jesus and Kevin Clarke A.Diaz BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1/8:00-9:00 AM
Enamel Paint
oil-based covering products and that dries to a very durable and hard finish. It is used in outdoors and used to paint doors, stairs, chairs. General term refers only to a hardness of a finish and it can apply to both oil and water-based paints. 16-liter (white only), 4-liter, 1-liter and -liter can
Categories of Enamel Paint

Porch and Floor enamel used for concrete, stairs, basements, porches and patios. -not for use on exterior wood decks, garage floors or parking areas -it has maximum endurance and durability for both exterior and interior applications -it produces a flawless finish with no brush or drag marks

Fast-dry or Quick-Drying enamel paint
-can dry within 10-15 minutes. -Used to paint refrigerators, counters, and other industrial finishes. -it is created to give a tough, durable, beautiful and high build material on wood and metal. -has high gloss level, leads to an excellent, long lasting finished appearance.

High-temp enamel paint -applies to wood burning stoves, radiators, engines, BBQ grills ,breaks, or other metal items -fast drying. Dry to touch in 30 minutes. Dries thoroughly overnight. -provides rust protection -can withstand corrosion, rust, chemicals and additives of todays gasoline blends and degreasers. -has rich, flat, satin, gloss and metallic finish and can resist heat up to 550 F- 1300 F. -available in spray cans and large cans of paint
Metallic Paint
A paint which is made from pigments of fine pieces of aluminum, copper, bronze, zinc or tin. Spraying is a best method of applying as it permits the spreading of a uniform layer of one or more coats of paint covering the surface. used for decorative purposes.
Luminescent Paint
It is made by adding fluorescent and phosphorescent pigments to any one of a number of substances, including alkyd marine varnish or quickdrying lacquers. It may be used in residential buildings to produce special effects. It may be used in hospitals , schools , factories, hotels, and etc.
Intumescent Paints
Also called fire retardant paints.

It stops the passage of fire to the surfaces beneath them. A variety of these paints are available, with a vinyl, alkyd, polyurethane, epoxy and solvent base. Opaque and transparent products are manufactured in flat, semi gloss, gloss or satin finishes. Applied by brush, roller or spray over a variety of surfaces such as wood, paper, acoustical tile, concrete, stucco, plaster, enamel or varnish. Drying time to a dust free condition will vary from 30 minutes to 20 hours. May vary from 150 to 500 sq.ft per gal, depending on the particular type of paint used and kind of surface it is applied.
COATING PRODUCTS
CONCRETE NEUTRALIZER
A basic compound recommended for new plastered concrete to neutralize the acidity present in the cement. Concrete mixture or brought by the etching solution
An example of Concrete Neutralizer Product: Boysen Masonry Neutralizer #44

Description: A liquid acidic substance that is to be mixed with water to neutralize lime activity in new masonry surfaces. Coverage: 20 sq.m/gallon of mixture Application:paint brush or roller Packaging:3.785 liter, 946.25ml, and 473.12 ml bottles Mixing Ratio: 1 part Boysen Masonry Neutralizer #44 to 16 parts clean water
WALL EMULSIONS
Water based sealer suitable for multiple purposes,can be used on marble,slate, terrazzo,quarry tile and concrete. Can be applied to new concrete as a curing compund and will give a durable surface seal Resistant to abrasions and to wide variety of chemicals to give long life and wear Easy repair by coating directly over old surface after cleaning. Dries quickly to a high shine.
Varnish
Transparent hard, protective finish primarily used in wood finishing but also for other materials. Combination of drying oil, resin and a thinner or solvent Usually glossy but may be designed to poroduce satin or semi-gloss sheens by the addition of flatting agents. Has little no color, transparent and no pigment. Applied over wood stains as final step to achieve a film for gloss and protection.
Lacquers
New product made from synthetic materials to take the place of varnish for clear finishes. Modern lacquer is based on nitrocellulose used in combination with natural or synthetic resins and plasticizers.
WOOD STAINS
Materials used to apply color to wood surfaces. They are intended to impart color without concealing the grain and not to provide a protective coating. Used to accentuate the color contrast of wood grain or to even up color differences to imitate expensive wood colors on surfaces
Turpentine
is a fluid obtained by the distillation of resin obtained from live trees, mainly pines. It is derived from the greek word terebithine, the name of the species of tree terebinth tree, from whose sap the spirit was originally distilled. Used for thinning oil based paints, for producing varnishes and as a raw material for chemical industry. It is mixed with carnauba wax or beeswax to make fine furniture wax as a protective coating over oiled wood finishes.
Red Lead Primer - recommended for use on iron and

steel surfaces as it contains pigment that inhibits rust. Should be thinned with paint thinner.
Color: Orange or reddish orange Coverage: 30-40 sq. m. per 4-liter can Packing: 1-liter, 4-liter and 16 liter cans
Different Paints and Coating Products Dela Costa, Peter and dela Paz, Nikka Marie M. Building Technology 1/ 9:00 - 10:00am
Red Oxide Primer: a general primer for exterior and

interior iron and steel surfaces where rust cannot be completely eliminated. Usually used in residential, industrial and marine structures. It is thinned with paint thinner. Color: Reddish brown Coverage: 25-40 sq. m. per 4-liter can Packing: 1-liter, 4-liter and 16-liter cans
Zinc Chromate Primer - ideal for

application as the first coat on aluminum, galvanized iron and steel surfaces, what with its exceptional adhesion and anticorrosion properties. It is reduced with paint thinner. Color: Yellow only Coverage: 30-40 sq. m. per 4-liter can Packing: 1-liter and 4-liter cans
Exterior Wood Primer - for priming exterior wood

surfaces so as to provide a solid foundation for latex and alkyd exterior topcoat paints. Reduction is by the use of paint thinner. Color: White only, maybe tinted with tinting colors Coverage: 30-40 sq. m. per 4-liter can Packing: 4-liter and 16-liter cans
Interior Wood Primer and Sealer - specified as

primer and sealer for interior wood finishes. It is designed to dry a hard film that stops surface suction and provide a solid foundation for the interior wood finishes. Color: White only but may be tinted with colors in oil Coverage: 30-40 sq. M. per 4-liter can Packing: 1-liter, 4-liter and 16-liter cans
Epoxy Primer - specially formulated as the primer for metal,

galvanized iron, wood or concrete to be topcoated with catalyzed epoxy enamel. It has two components: a.) the epoxy primer and b.) polyamide catalyst curing agent which, when mixed together as directed by the manufacturer, produces a tough surface resistant to abrasion, solvents, chemicals, acids and alkalis. Color: White, Gray, Red Oxide, Yellow, Coal Tar and eggshell Coverage: 30-40 sq. m. per 4-liter can Packing: Kit of 4-liter primer that is 3/4 and 1-liter curing agent
Heat-Resisting Aluminum Paint - a ready-mixed

aluminum paint formulated for application on surfaces subject to high temperatures like stove pipes and stacks, radiators, boilers, ventilators and other general industrial equipment. No reduction is required. Color: Aluminum bright Coverage: 30-50 sq. M. per 4-liter can Packing: 4-liter can
PAINTS CAN BE APPLIED BY

BRUSH
SPRAY
ROLLER
PAINTING / COATING FINISHES CAN BE EITHER: - GLOSSY shiny, lustrous surface which enable it to be resistant to dirt accumulation - SEMI-GLOSS between glossy and matte finish - MATTE/FLAT non-shiny, yet smooth.
STEP-BY-STEP, LAYER-BY-LAYER APPLICATION GENERAL GUIDE:

FOR PAINTED CONCRETE/CHB PLASTERED WALLS: (1) Plastering (2) Apply Concrete Neutralizer (to prevent acidic reaction with paint) (3) Apply Base Coat /Primer (to prepare the surface for the succeeding coats) (4) Apply one or more layers of Top Coat (Final Coat, Latex Paint) FOR WOOD (PAINTED FINISH): (1) Sanding with sand paper (2) Apply Sanding Sealer/Primer/Base/Putty Coat (3) Apply Top Coat (Quick Dry Enamel /QDE Paint) FOR WOOR (VARNISHED FINISH): (1) Sanding with sand paper (2) Sanding Sealer (3) Apply Varnish FOR NON-GALVANIZED METAL: (1) Sand the metal surface (2) Apply Lead Primer / Red Oxide Primer (3) Apply Final Coats (Enamel Paint) FOR GALVANIZED METAL: (1) Apply Latex paint
SURFACE PREPARATION (Exterior)
Previously painted surfaces: Scrape off loose paint and sand smooth. Old, fading paint must be removed to provide good adhesion for the new coats of paint. Nail back loose boards, countersink the naiL heads and fill with putty. To prevent discoloration of paint later, seal knots and resinous spots with a thin coat of shellac. New wood exteriors: The surface must be clean and dry Rough spots in siding should be sanded smooth All new wood must be primed After the prime coat has been dried, putty and fill all nail holes and cracks Caulk joint around doors and window frames If pre-primed siding is hard and slick, it should be re-primed
SURFACE PREPARATION (Exterior)
Masonry floors: Interior and exterior concrete floors must be allowed to dry approximately 90 days for proper aging. Fresh cement contains alkali which will burn paint. Floors subjected to excessive moisture seepage, or hydrostatic pressure, cannot be successfully painted. Metal surfaces: All metal surfaces must be cleaned and dry Remove any rust, mill scale or loose paint by wire brushing, sandblasting/sandpapering. Bare spots on shop-coated steel must be wire-brushed and spot primed. Remove oil and grease with paint thinner or mineral spirits. No priming necessary when applying exterior latex to weathered galvanized metal.

The surface to be painted must be clean and free of wax, dirt or grease.
SURFACE PREPARATION (Interior)
Cracks and holes must be repaired with patching plaster . Patched areas must be spot primed .
Old glossy surfaces should be prepared By sanding

PROPER APPLICATION
Avoid painting in the hot sun. Try to paint those surfaces that have already been exposed to sunlight Apply a coat of paint primer
Finish with two-coat of top coats

PAINT DEFECTS (Exterior)
Alligatoring: Patterned cracking in the surface of the paint film resembling the regular scales of an alligator. Chalking: Formation of fine powder on the surface of the paint film during weathering, which can cause color fading. Although some degree of chalking is a normal, desirable way for a paint film to wear, excessive film erosion can result in heavy chalking. Efflorescence/Mottling: Crusty, white salt deposits, leached from mortar or masonry as water passes through it. CONCRETE AND MIXTURES
Frosting: A white, salt-like substance on the paint surface. Frosting can occur on any paint color, but it is less noticeable on white paint or light tints
Paint Incompatibility: Loss of adhesion where many old coats of alkyd or oil-based paint received a latex top coat. Peeling: Loss of paint due to poor adhesion. Where there is a primer and top coat, or multiple coats of paint, peeling may involve some or all coats.
Poor Gloss Retention: Deterioration of the paint film, resulting in excessive or rapid loss of luster of the top coat. Vinyl Siding Warp: Warping or buckling of vinyl siding panels that have been repainted. Wrinkling: A rough, crinkled paint surface occurring when paint forms a "skinPoor Alkali Resistance: Color loss and overall determination of paint film on fresh masonry. Poor Galvanized Metal Adhesion: Paint that has lost its adhesion to a galvanized metal substrate. CONCRETE AND MIXTURES
PAINT DEFECTS (Interior)
Blistering: Bubbles resulting from localized loss of adhesion and lifting of the paint film from the underlying surface Blocking: Undesirable sticking together of two painted surfaces when pressed together (e.g., a door sticking to the jamb) Burnishing: Increase in gloss or sheen of paint film when subjected to rubbing, scrubbing or having an object brush up against it. Cracking: The splitting of a dry paint film through at least one coat as a result of aging, which ultimately will lead to complete failure of the paint. In its early stages, the problem appears as hairline cracks; in its later stages, flaking occurs. Sagging: Downward "drooping" movement of the paint film immediately after application, resulting in a uneven coating.


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BT 1 Paint - Revised

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DIFFERENT PAINTS AND COATING PRODUCTS

CONCRETE AND MIXTURES

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00

PRINCIPAL TYPES OF COATING

*PAINTS [opaque , for wood,

*STAINS (clear, for bringing

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00

FUNCTION AND PURPOSE

CONCRETE AND MIXTURES

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00

CONCRETE AND MIXTURES

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00

CONCRETE AND MIXTURES

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00

CONCRETE AND MIXTURES

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00

Categories of Enamel Paint

Categories of Enamel Paint

Categories of Enamel Paint

Also called fire retardant paints.

An example of Concrete Neutralizer Product: Boysen Masonry Neutralizer #44

Red Lead Primer - recommended for use on iron and

Red Oxide Primer: a general primer for exterior and

Zinc Chromate Primer - ideal for

Exterior Wood Primer - for priming exterior wood

Interior Wood Primer and Sealer - specified as

Epoxy Primer - specially formulated as the primer for metal,

Heat-Resisting Aluminum Paint - a ready-mixed

PAINTS CAN BE APPLIED BY

STEP-BY-STEP, LAYER-BY-LAYER APPLICATION GENERAL GUIDE:

SURFACE PREPARATION (Exterior)

SURFACE PREPARATION (Exterior)

CONCRETE AND MIXTURES

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00

SURFACE PREPARATION (Interior)

Old glossy surfaces should be prepared By sanding

CONCRETE AND MIXTURES

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00

Finish with two-coat of top coats

CONCRETE AND MIXTURES

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00

PAINT DEFECTS (Exterior)

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00

PAINT DEFECTS (Exterior)

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00

PAINT DEFECTS (Exterior)

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00

PAINT DEFECTS (Interior)

CONCRETE AND MIXTURES

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00

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