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Lens technology classification and selection methods Camera lens is the best hub for video surveillance systems

equipment, its mass (index) upwind of the whole index directly affect the camera, so the camera lens is appropriate both to select the quality of the system, but also related to the project cost. Lens technology classification There are many types of lenses; each lens has its own characteristics. According to the function and structure, these lenses price difference is very large, such as electric zoom lens than the average price of fixed height of about 10 times, so that only a proper understanding of the characteristics of a variety of lenses to choose more flexible lens. A, fixed iris lens Fixed iris lens is a relatively simple one lens, which is only a manually adjustable focus adjustment ring (ring marked with a number from the reference value), the ring can rotate around a target surface of the CCD Like most clearly, this time on the monitor screen image can also be the most clear. As the fixed aperture lens, so no aperture on the lens adjustment ring of the lens aperture that can not be adjusted, and thus the flux entering the lens can not be changed by simply changing the lens factors, but only by changing the subject scene illumination to adjust, such as change in the subject field of lighting and lighting. This lens is generally used in more uniform illumination of the occasion, such as interior lighting throughout the day dominated by the occasion, and on other occasions you need to function with automatic electronic shutter CCD camera combination (of course, the vast majority of currently available CCD camera with both automatic electronic shutter function), through electronic shutter to adjust to simulate the flux changes. B, manual iris lens Manual iris lens than a fixed iris lens increases the aperture adjustment ring, its aperture adjustment range is generally from F1. 2 or F1. 4 to full closed, can easily adapt to the subject field of illumination, but because the aperture adjustment is carried out by human hand, once the camera is installed, fixed position, and then adjust the iris frequently not so easy, so this lens is generally used in more uniform illumination of the occasion, while on other occasions it is also required with automatic electronic shutter function with a CCD camera combination, such as morning and
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evening and at noon, sunny and cloudy relatively large changes in illumination and other occasions, through the electronic shutter to adjust to simulate the flux changes. C, auto iris lens Auto iris lens in the structure have a relatively big change, it is equivalent to the manual iris lens aperture adjustment ring adds a micro gear motor drive and its drive circuit leads three or four core wire transfer to the auto iris lens to the lens inside the micro-motor to make the corresponding forward or reverse rotation, thus high aperture size. With auto iris lens is divided into amplifier (video driver type) with and without amplifier (DC driven) two specifications. D, manual zoom lens As the name implies, the manual zoom lens focal length is variable, it has a focus ring, can be adjusted in a range of lens focal length, the ratio is 2 to 3 times the focal length is generally 3. 6 ~ 8 mm. In practical engineering applications, by manually adjusting the lens zoom ring, you can easily choose to monitor on-site viewing angle, such as: selectable monitoring of the entire room within the room or choose a localized area of the monitor. When the scene for monitoring environmental conditions does not quite understand, the use of this lens is obviously very important step forward. For most TV monitoring system, when the camera is installed fixed position, then frequent manual zoom is very convenient, therefore, after the completion of the manual zoom lens is rarely adjusted again, but only from to a fixed focus lens effect. Thus manual zoom lens is generally used in more stringent requirements but with fixed focus lens and difficult to meet the requirements of the occasion. However, this lens has been favored by the engineering staff, because in the course of construction commissioning using this lens, through a range of focal length adjustment, the general can always find a range of observations allows user satisfaction (not repeated replacement lenses with different focal lengths ), which is in the field of construction is particularly seem convenient. E, auto iris motorized zoom lens Such aforementioned auto iris lens and fixed focus lens compared to an additional two micro-motors, one motor and the lens zoom ring engagement, when it controlled the rotation can change the focus of the lens (Zoom); another motor engagement with the lens focus ring, when it controlled to rotate the lens focus to be completed (Focus). Since the lens is an increase of two remote-controlled
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adjustment functions, which is also called electric two such lenses variable lens. Auto iris motorized zoom lens generally leads to two multi-core cables, which a group of auto-iris control line, and its connection with the foregoing principles and auto iris lens control lines are identical; another group to control the lens zoom and focus control lines, generally with PTZ controller and decoder connected. When operating the remote control indoor PTZ camera controller and decoder zoom or focus button, it will zoom or focus on this control line is applied to a positive or negative DC voltage, which is applied to the corresponding micro-motor so that the lens zoom and focus adjustment function to complete. F, electric variable lens Such lenses with the aforementioned electric two variable lens structures are very similar, but the motor will adjust the aperture is controlled by the automatic control mode to manual control by the controller, it also contains three miniature motors, leads a group of six core PTZ camera control line and is connected to the controller and decoder. Common are six times, 10 times and 12 times, such as several specifications. It should be noted that the zoom lens of the "magnification" and the focal length is two different concepts, some people tend to confuse the two meanings that the higher the magnification to see farther. In fact, the maximum magnification of the zoom lens focal length is the shortest focal length ratio is a relative value. For example, the same is six times the lens, the common market have 6 ~ 36mm, 7 ~ 42 mm, 8 ~ 48 mm and 8. 5 ~ 51 mm and so many different manufacturers of different varieties of which 8. 5 ~ 51 mm hyperemia lens characteristic is clearly more than 6 ~ 36mm lens hyperemia features better, but it's myopia (wide angle) feature is not as good 6 ~ 36mm lens is good. Now one machine to do the imaging circuit and variable lens integrally formed in a whole, makes the application more convenient and practical. Lens selection method
HD cameras are more than one million pixels, but to fully reflect the performance of highdefinition video camera megapixels also need to match HD lenses. So how do choose HD lenses. A lens has its highest resolution N lp / mm, then according to the Inquest sampling theorem, at least with 2N/mm spatial sampling points. This can be understood, 1mm there are N pairs of black and white, then there are N white lines and black lines total N 2N lines. A photosensitive element with the camera corresponding to a white line or a black line, the camera needs to have within
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1mm to map of 2N photosensitive white lines N and N black line, the camera density is photosensitive 2N/mm. Then the camera sensor resolution and lens resolution matched exactly, no one wasted. Similarly, if a camera's pixel density per mm M-point (pixel / mm), then you should choose a resolution is M / 2 lp / mm lens. Here is an example: A 2 million pixel camera pixels is 1600 1200 = 1920000, photosensitive surface size is 1/2. "We know that 1/2" horizontal dimension photosensitive surface which is 6.4mm, vertical size is 4.8mm, its horizontal pixels Density is 1600/6.4 = 250 pixel / mm, vertical pixel density is 1200/4.8 = 250 pixel / mm, photosensitive pixel size is 4um 4um. Horizontal and vertical pixel density pixel density as a pixel is a square, and if the pixel is not a square lens resolution should refer to the high pixel density. Here horizontal and vertical pixel density pixel density is 250 pixel / mm, so the lens resolution should elect 125 lp / mm. If a 2-megapixel camera photosensitive surface size is 1/3 ", 1/3" horizontal dimension photosensitive surface which is 4.8mm, vertical size is 3.6mm, its horizontal pixel density is 1600/4.8 = 333.3 pixel / mm, vertical pixel density is 1200/3.6 = 333.3 pixel / mm, so the lens resolution should elect 167 lp / mm. Also seen by the above examples, a standard 1/2 "2-megapixel camera is not suitable for 1/3" 2.0 megapixel photosensitive surface, which is to be different and attention. 1/2 "to 2 million pixel camera resolution is 125 lp / mm, go for 1/3" 4.8mm 3.6mm photosensitive image plane, in the horizontal direction 125 4.8 = 600 line pairs, corresponding to 1200 as element in the vertical direction with 125 3.6 = 450 pairs, corresponding to 900 pixels. 1200 900 = 1080000 almost 1.1 million pixels. All the one labeled 1/2 "2-megapixel camera for 1/3" photosensitive surface can only fit one million pixel sensor surface, or that can only be used when a 100-megapixel camera. So just talk about megapixels camera, do not speak for the size sensor possible information is not complete, so the lens resolution description or lp / mm more accurate. Sometimes the camera indicator will give a photosensitive pixel size L (mm), then the width W corresponding to the resolution of the lens should all be L (mm), so that a white line of the two lines corresponds to a width 2L ( mm), then its inverse 1 / (2L) (lp / mm) is the resolution of the lens. For example, a camera the size of the photosensitive marked 4um, then the limit of resolution for the selected lens width (white or black line) should also be 4um, one pair of black white line width 2 0.004 mm, the lens resolution rate is 1 / (2 0.004) = 125 lp / mm.

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