Harappan Drainage system Rectangular intersecting roads Sanitary system Mauryan Monolithic Pillars Finely carved capitols Bull

Bull capitol and Sarnath capitol Stupas start during this period 4 gateways Surface built with bricks Viharas and Chaityas Barabar Caves Shunga Satvahanas Early classic architecture Carved railings and gateways around Buddhist shrines Kushan Sculpture developed The emperor himself was a divine authority Buddha was first time given a human form during this time Gupta period Beginning of Hindu temples temple at Deoghar, Udaigiri caves in Orissa Vaishnavite temple in Vidisha Pallavas Mandaps, Rathas and finely carved panels and pillars Shore temple at Mahabs is a structural temple Ratha temple is a rock cut temple Kanchipuram also has temples Panels depict shiva as Natraja History of Pallavas

Cholas Tanjaur Temple: 65 m tall vimana Pillared halls and sculptures depicting Bharatas natyashastra Fine paintings Pandyas Built high outerwalls and gopuram

 Their gopurams can be seen from long distances Hoysalas Belur and Halebeed temples Profusion of manifold pillars with rich and intricate carvings Panels depict gods and goddesses Orissa Temples Lingraja temple 40 m high Sun Temple

Nagara, Dravida and Visara

Table 1

Nagara Temples called PRASADA Shikhara is curvilinear No role of pillar No tank No enclosure

Dravida

Visara Combination of Dravida and Nagara (Chalukyas).

Mahadeva Temple

Shikhara pyramidal Pillar important Tank may be there Enclosure and gopuram Vimana Brihadeshwara

Eg Some in Khajuraho, Sirpur etc

Cave architecture
Progressed in three phases Buddhist Jain Ajivika caves (3rd BC to 2nd AD) Kaneri, Nashik, Udaigiri Ajanta Ellora Cave (5th to 7th AD) Elephanta Ellora and Mahabs (7th to 10th)

Sculpture
Two major schools Gandhara Greco-Roman Style North West India Stone and stucco Madhura Indigenous style UP Bihar White spotted red sandstone used Forms of Brahmanical deities crystallised for the first time in this art form Themes of Buddha and Bodhisatvas in Both