Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Ch : t bi ny tr v sau, quy c l:
* Ch Romaji khi cc bn nhn thy ch thng tc l ch vit
bng HIRAGANA, cn ch IN l vit
bng KATAKANA. V d:
<anata> : (ch thng) tc l ch ny vit bng HIRAGANA
<TEREBI> : (ch INH) tc l ch ny vit bng KATAKANA
* cc t nh <onamaewa>, <kochirawa>,<dewa>..... th y l do
ng php nn c l wa, cn khi
vit bng HIRAGANA l vit ch <ha> tc l <onamaeha>,
<kochiraha>, <deha>.....
I. T VNG
<watashi> : ti
<watashitachi>: chng ta, chng ti
<anata> : bn
<anohito> : ngi kia
<anokata> : v kia
<minasan> : cc bn, cc anh, cc ch, mi ngi
<san> : anh , ch
<chan> : b ( dng cho n) hoc gi thn mt cho tr con ( c nam ln n)
<kun> : b (dng cho nam) hoc gi thn mt
<jin> : ngi nc
<sensei> : gio vin
<kyoushi> : gio vin ( dng ni n ngh nghip)
<gakusei> : hc sinh, sinh vin
<kaishain> : nhn vin cng ty
<shain> : nhn vin cng ty
<ginkouin> : nhn vin ngn hng
<isha> : bc s
<kenkyuusha> : nghin cu sinh
<ENJINIA> : k s
<daigaku> : trng i hc
<byouin> : bnh vin
<denki> : in
<dare> : ai (hi ngi no )
<donata> : ngi no, v no (cng ngha trn nhng lch s hn)
: <sai> : tui
<nansai> : my tui
<oikutsu> : my tui (Dng lch s hn)
<hai> : vng
<iie> : khng
<shitsurei desu ga> : xin li ( khi mun nh ai vic g )
<onamaewa> : bn tn g?
<hajimemashite> : cho ln u gp nhau
: rt hn hnh c lm quen
<kochirawa san desu> : y l ngi
<kara kimashita> : n t
<AMERIKA> : M
<IGIRISU> : Anh
<INDO> : n
<INDONESHIA> : Indonesia
<kankoku> : Hn quc
<TAI> : Thi Lan
<chuugoku> : Trung Quc
<DOICHI> : c
<nihon> : Nht
<FURANSU> : Php
<BURAJIRU> : Brazil
<sakura daigaku> : Trng H Sakura
<fuji daigaku> : Trng H Ph S
IMC: tn cng ty
<BAWA-denki> : tn cng ty in kh Power
<BURAJIRUEA> : hng khng Brazil
AKC: tn cng ty
II. NG PHP
Mu cu 1: _____wa], ch khng phi l [ha] trong bng ch - y
l cu trc cu-.) T ch ny v sau s vit l [wa] lun, cc bn c hiu khi vit s l vit ch [ha]
trong bng ch
* Cch dng: Dng ni tn, ngh nghip, quc tch ( tng t nh ng t TO BE ca ting Anh.
* y l mu cu khng nh
Vd:
[watashi wa MAIKU MIRA- desu]
( ti l Michael Miler)
Mu cu 2: _____(wa)_____(ja) / (dewa)
* Mu cu vn dng tr t (wa) nhng vi ngha ph nh. mu cu ny ta c th dng
[ja] hoc(dewa) i trc(arimasen)u c.
* Cch dng tng t nh cu trc khng nh.
Vd:
()
SANTOSU san wa gakusei ja (dewa) arimasen.
( anh Santose khng phi l sinh vin.)
Mu cu 3:_____(wa) _____(desu)(ka)
* y l dng cu hi vi tr t(wa) v tr t nghi vn(ka) cui cu
* Cch dng: Cu hi dng ny c dch l _______ c phi khng? ( ging vi To BE ca ting
Anh)
Vd:
MIRA- san wa kaishain desu ka
( anh Miler c phi l nhn vin cng ty khng?)
.
( anh Santose cng l nhn vin cng ty)
Mu cu 4: _____(mo) _____(desu (ka))
* y l mu cu dng tr t Watashi wa BETONAMU jin desu. Anata mo ( BETONAMU jin desu
ka?)
(Ti l ngi Vit Nam, bn cng l ngi Vit Nam phi khng ?)
B:
[Hai, watashi mo BETONAMU jin desu. Watashi wa daigakusei desu, anata mo?]
(Vng, ti cng l ngi Vit Nam. Ti l sinh vin i hc, cn anh cng vy phi khng)
A:
[iie, watashi wa daigakusei ja arimasen. (Watashi wa) Kaishain desu.]
(Khng, ti khng phi l sinh vin i hc, ti l nhn vin cng ty.)
CH : i vi cc cu c qu nhiu ch ng watashi wa hoc cc cu hi trng lp ta c th lc
b bt cho cu vn ngn gn.
IMC
[MIRA san wa IMC no shain desu]
(Anh Michael l nhn vin cng ty IMC)
[TERESA chan wa nansai (oikutsu) desu ka]
(B Teresa bao nhiu tui?)
[TERESA chan wa kyuu sai desu]
(B Teresa 9 tui)
() ()
Mu cu 5: _____ (wa)___(no)
- y l cu trc dng tr t(no) ch s s hu.
- C khi mang ngha l ca nhng c khi khng mang ngha cu vn hay hn.
Vd:
IMC .
IMC no shain
(Nhn vin ca cng ty IMC
Nihongo no hon
(Sch ting Nht)
Mu cu 6: _____(wa)(nansai)(oikutsu)(desu ka)
_____ (wa)(sai)(desu)
- y l mu cu hi vi t hi ( nghi vn t)(nansai)(oikutsu) dng
hi tui
- (nansai) Dng hi tr nh ( di 10 tui).
(oikutsu) Dng hi 1 cch lch s.
Vd:
Taro kun wa nan sai desu ka?
(B Taro my tui vy ?)
Taro kun wa kyuu sai desu.
(B Taro 9 tui)
Yamada san wa oikutsu desu ka?
(Anh Yamada bao nhiu tui vy?)
Yamada san wa yonjuugo sai desu
(Anh Yamada 45 tui)
S m:
(ichi)
(ni)
(san)
(yon) ((shi)
[go] (roku)
(nana) ((shichi)
(hachi)
(kyuu)
(juu)
(juuichi)
(juuni)
(nijuu)
(nijuuichi)
(nijuuni)
-------------------------------------- (issai) 1 tui
(nijuu issai) 21 tui
(hatachi) 20 tui
Mu cu 7:
a. _____(wa)(san(sama))(desu ka)
b. _____ (wa) (dare)(donata)(desu ka)
- Mu cu (a.) dng xc nh li tn mt ngi.
- Mu cu (b.) dng hi tn mt ngi vi nghi vn t(dare)(donata)
- Mu cu (b.) dng t thng dng l(dare), khi mun ni 1 cch lch s th dng
(donata).
Vd:
a.
ano hito (kata) wa kimura san desu
(Ngi ny (v ny) l anh (ng) Kimura.)
b.
ano hito wa dare desu ka
(Ngi ny l ai vy ?)
ano kata wa donata desu ka
(V ny l ngi no vy?)
Cc im ch thm:
Khi gii thiu tn mnh khng bao gi c ni thm ch san hoc (sama) ( c ngha l
ngi, gi mt cch tn knh) v trong ting Nht c s t nh l ngi Nht lun t h mnh trc
ngi
khc. Khi gii thiu tn ngi khc th phi thm ch (san) hoc (sama) ( khi gii thiu
ngi ln tui c a v x hi cao)
Mu cu 8:
___A___
___A__ _____
- y l mu cu dng hi Quc tch ca mt ngi.
- Ngha l ( ___A__ l ngi nc no?)
Vd:
- A san wa nani jin desuka. ( A l ngi nc no?) + A san wa BETONAMU jin desu.( A l ngi
Vit Nam)
Mu cu 9:
___A__ ___1_____2__
___A__ __1(2)___
- y l dng cu hi chn la trong hai hay nhiu s vt, s vic khc nhau.
- Ngha l ___A__ l _____ hay l _____?
Vd:
- A san wa ENGINIA desuka, isha desuka. ( A l k s hay l bc s ?)
+ A san wa isha desu. ( A l bc s
Mu cu 10:
___A__ _____
___A
- y l cu hi v bn cht ca mt s vt, s vic
- Nghi l: A l _____ g?
Vd:
-Kono hon wa nanno hon desuka. ( cun sch ny l sch g?)
+ Kono hon wa Nihongo no hon desu.( cun sch ny l sch ting Nht)
Mu cu 11: ___A__
A
- y l cu hi vi t hi:
- Ngha ca t hi ny l A l Ci g?
Vd:
- Kore wa nandesuka. (y l ci g?)
+ Kore wa NOTO desu. (ay l cun tp)
Mu cu 12:
A
y l cu hi lch s.
- y l cu hi dng hi tn.
- Ngha l Tn ca bn ____ l g?
Vd:
- Onamae wa. ( hoc shitsure desu ga, onamaewa hoc Anatano namae wa nandesuka) ( Tn bn l
g?)
+ watashi wa A desu. Tn ti l A
Mu cu 13:
- y l cu hi dng hi qu hng ca ai . Dng Nghi vn t hi ni chn
- Ngha l Qu ca _____ u?
Vd:
- Inaka wa doko desuka ( Qu ca bn u?)
+ watashi no inaka wa CANTO desu.( qu ti Cn Th)
Mu cu 11: ___A__
A
- y l cu hi vi t hi:
- Ngha ca t hi ny l A l Ci g?
Vd:
-
Kore wa nandesuka. (y l ci g?)
+
Kore wa NOTO desu. (ay l cun tp)
Mu cu 12:
A
y l cu hi lch s.
- y l cu hi dng hi tn.
- Ngha l Tn ca bn ____ l g?
Vd:
- Onamae wa. ( hoc shitsure desu ga, onamaewa hoc Anatano namae wa nandesuka) ( Tn bn l
g?)
+ watashi wa A desu. Tn ti l A
Bi 2
Thursday, 6. November 2008, 03:24:35
T VNG
<kore> y
<sore>
<are> kia
<kono> ~ny
<sono> ~
<ano> ~kia
<hon> Sch
<jisho> T in
<zasshi> tp ch
<shimbun> bo
<NOTO> tp
<techou> s tay
- ngha: ~ny/~/~kia l ~ g?
- Cch dng tng t mu cu s 4 nhng c nhn mnh hn!
- V d:
Sono zasshi wa nanno zasshi desuka?
cun tp ch l tp ch g?
+ kono zasshi wa KOMPU-TA- no zasshi desu.
cun tp ch ny l tp ch v Vi tnh.
Lu :Cc bn s thy sau kono, sono, ano lun c danh t i theo sau:
VD: kono kaban(ci cp ny), sono hon(cun sch ), ano jisho(cun t in kia)
Bi 3
Thursday, 6. November 2008, 03:50:38
T VNG
koko
soko
asoko
doko
kochira
sochira
achira
dochira
kyoshitsu
shokudo
jimusho
kaigishitsu
uketsuke
ROBIheya
TOIRE (ote arai)
kaidan
EREBE-TAESUKARE-TA(o) kuni
kaisha
uchi
denwa
kutsu
NEKUTAI
WAIN
tabako
uriba
chika
ikkai
nangai
~en
ikura
hyaku
sen
man
y
kia
(nghi vn t) u
( knh ng) y
(//)
(//) kia
(//)(nghi vn t) u, hng no
phng hc
nh n
vn phng
phng hp
quy tip tn
i snh(LOBBY)
cn phng
Toilet
cu thang
thang my
thang cun
quc gia ( nc)
cng ty
nh
in thoi
i giy
Cravat ( neck tie)
ru ty (wine)
thuc l
ca hng
tng hm
tng 1
(nghi vn t) tng my
~ yn ( tin t Nht bn)
(nghi vn t) Bao nhiu ( hi gi c)
trm
ngn
vn ( 10 ngn)
sumimasen
xin li
(~o) misete kudasai < xin cho xem ~/td>
ja (~o) kudasai
vy th, xin cho ti (ti ly) ci ~
shin oosaka
tn a danh Nht
ITARIA
SUISU
Thy S
NG PHP - MU CU
Dng gii thiu, ch cho ai mt ni no
<koko>
_____ <soko wa _____ desu>
<asoko>
- ngha: y l/ l/kia l _____
- VD:
<Koko wa uketsuke desu.> (y l bn tip tn)
dng ch r a im no u hoc mt ngi no u. Thng c dng ch cho ai mt
ni no hoc ngi no .
<koko>
_____ <_____ wa soko desu>
<asoko>
- ngha: _____ l y//kia.
- VD:
a. Anh Satou
<kochira>
_____ <_____wa sochira desu.>
<achira>
ngha: _____ l y//kia ( nu dng ch ngi th c ngha l V ny//kia)
VD:
Phng hp ng kia
ikkai tng 1
nikai tng 2
sangai tng 3
yonkai tng 4
gokai tng 5
rokkai tng 6
nanakai tng 7
hakkai tng 8
kyuukai tng 9
jyuukai tng 10
Cc t mu khc l cc t c m c bit.
Cc tng sau ta cng m tng t v cc s c bit cng c p dng cho cc tng cao hn ( v d: tng 11 :
jyuu ikkai, tng 13: jyuu sangai)
Dng hi gi mt mn .
_____( _____ wa ikura desuka?)
______ (_____wa ~ desu)
ngha:
______ gi bao nhiu?
_____ gi ~
VD:
Bi 4
Thursday, 6. November 2008, 17:39:11
I-T VNG
<okimasu> : thc dy
<nemasu> : ng
<hatarakimasu> : lm vic
<yasumimasu> : ngh ngi
<benkyoushimasu> : hc tp
<owarimasu> : kt thc
<DEPA-TO> : ca hng bch ha
<ginkou> : ngn hng
<yuubinkyoku> : bu in
< <toshokan> : th vin
<bijutsukan> : vin bo tng
<denwabangou> : s in thoi
<nanban> : s my
<ima> : by gi
<ji> : ~gi
<fun> <pun> : pht
<han> : phn na
<nanji> : my gi
<nanpun> : my pht
<gozen> : sng (AM: trc 12 gi)
<gogo> : chiu (PM: sau 12 gi)
<asa> : sng
<hiru> : tra
<ban> : ti
<yoru> : ti
<ototoi> : ngy hm kia
<kinou> : ngy hm qua
<kyou> : hm nay
<ashita> : ngy mai
<asatsute> : ngy mt
<kesa> : sng nay
<konban> : ti nay
<yuube> : ti hm qua
<yasumi> : ngh ngi (danh t)
<hiruyasumi> : ngh tra
<maiasa> : mi sng
<maiban> : mi ti
<mainichi> : mi ngy
<PEKIN> : Bc Kinh
<BANKOKU> Bangkok
<RONDON> Lun n
<ROSANZERUSU> : Los Angeles
<taihendesune> : vt v nh
<bangouannai> : dch v 116 (hi s in thoi)
<otoiawase> : (s in thoi) bn mun bit / hi l
<(o) onegaishimasu> : lm n
<kashikomarimashita> : hiu ri
II-MU CU - NG PHP
ng T
ng t chia lm 3 lai :
- ng t qu kh
- ng t hin ti
- ng t tng lai
a) ng t hin ti - tng lai
C ui l ch masu
V d :
Bi 5
Thursday, 6. November 2008, 17:43:30
T VNG
<ikimasu> : i
<kimasu> : n
<kaerimasu> : tr v
<gakkou> : trng hc
<SU-PA-> : siu th
<eki> : nh ga
<hikouki> : my bay
<fune> : thuyn/tu
<densha> : xe in
<chikatetsu> : xe in ngm
<shinkansen> : tu cao tc
<BASU> : xe but
<TAKUSHI-> : xe taxi
<jidensha> : xe p
<aruite> <(ikimasu)> : i b
<hito> : ngi
<tomodachi> : bn
<kare> : anh y
<kanojo> : c y
<kazoku> : gia nh
<hitoride> : mt mnh
<senshuu> : tun truc
<konshuu> : tun ny
<raishuu> : tun ti
<sengetsu> : thng trc
<kongetsu> : thng ny
<raigetsu> : thng ti
<kyonen> : nm ri
<kotoshi> : nm nay
<rainen> : nm ti
<~gatsu> : thng ~
<nangatsu> : thng my
<ichinichi> : mt ngy
<nannichi> : ngy my
<itsu> : khi no
<tanjoubi> : sinh nht
<futsu> : thng thng
<kyuukou> : tc hnh
<totsukyuu> : ha tc
<tsugino> : k tip
<arigatou gozaimashita> : cm n
Mu Cu 5
Cu trc :
__
<__ wa nani o doushi ka>
V d :
<kinou anata wa eiga o mimashitaka>
(Ngy hm qua bn c xem phim khng ?)
<hai, mimashita>
(C)
<iie, mimasendeshita>
(Khng)
Cch dng : y l dng cu hi c, khng hi ai v mt vn g .
D nhin l trong cc mu cu trn cc bn c th thm vo thi gian cho ph hp vi cu v ng t.
Ghi ch :
<dare> : ai
<doko> : u
<nani> : ci g (dng cho danh t)
<nan> : ci g (dng cho ng t)
<doushi> : ng t
<shimasu> : chi, lm
Ph ch :
Cc th trong ng t :
a) Th khng nh
ui ca ng t l <masu>
V d : <ikimasu>
<kaerimasu>
b) Th ph nh
ui ca ng t l <masen>
V d : <ikimasen>
<kaerimasen>
c) Th nghi vn
Thm t <ka> vo sau ng t
V d : <mimasuka> : C xem khng ?
d) Th khng nh trong qu kh
ui ca ng t l <mashita>
V d : <mimashita> : xem ri
e) Th ph nh trong qu kh
ui ca ng t l <masendeshita>
V d : <mimasendeshita> : khng xem
f) Th nghi vn trong qu kh
Nh th nghi vn ca ng t hin ti
V d : <mimashitaka> : C xem khng (trong qu kh ?)
Ch : trong cu khng nh v nghi vn c ng t khng dng <desu> cui cu, <desu> ch
dng cho danh t.
Bi 6
Thursday, 6. November 2008, 17:47:52
T VNG
<tabemasu> : n
<nomimasu> : ung
<suimasu> : ht
<tabako o suimasu> : ht thuc
<mimasu> : xem
<kikimasu> : nghe
<yomimasu> : c
<kakimasu> :vit, v
<kaimasu> : mua
<torimasu> : chp
<shashin o torimasu> : chp hnh
<shimasu> : lm, chi
<aimasu> : gp
<tomodachi ni aimasu> : gp bn
<gohan> : cm
<asagohan> : ba sng
<hirugohan> : ba tra
<bangohan> : ba ti
<PAN> : bnh m
<tamago> : trng
<niku> : tht
<sakana> : c
<yasai> : rau
<kudamono> : tri cy
<mizu> : nc
<ocha> : tr
<koucha> : hng tr
<gyuunyuu> : sa
<MIRUKU> : sa
<JU-SU> : nc tri cy
<BI-RU> : bia
<(o)sake> : ru sake
<SAKKA-> : bng
<TENISU> : tenis
CD <CD> : a CD
<BIDEO> : bng video
<nani> : ci g
<sorekara> : sau
<chotto> : mt cht
<mise> : tim, qun
<RESUTORAN> : nh hng
<tegami> : th
<REPO-TO> : bi bo co
<tokidoki> : thnh thong
<itsumo> : thng, lc no cng
<ishshoni> : cng nhau
<iidesune> : c, tt nh
<ee> : vng
<kouen> : cng vin
<nandesuka> : ci g vy ?
Bi 7
I-T VNG
<kirimasu> : ct
<okurimasu> : gi
<agemasu> : tng
<moraimasu> : nhn
<kashimasu> : cho mn
<karimasu> : mn
<oshiemasu> :dy
<naraimasu> : hc
<kakemasu> :gi in
<[denwa o kakemasu]> : gi in thoi
<te> : tay
<hashi> : a
<SUPU-N> : mung
<NAIFU> : dao
<FO-KU> : na
<hasami> : ko
<FAKUSU> <(FAKKUSU)> : my fax
<WA-PURO> : my nh ch
<PASOKON> : my tnh c nhn
<PANCHI> : ci bm l
<HOCHCHIKISU> : ci bm giy
<SEROTE-PU> : bng keo
<keshiGOMU> : cc gm
<kami> : giy ( tc )
<hana> : hoa (ci mi)
<SHATSU> : o s mi
<PUREZENTO> : qu tng
<nimotsu> : hnh l
<okane> : tin
<kippu> : v
<KURISUMASU> : l Noel
<chichi> : cha ti
<haha> : m ti
<otousan> : b ca bn
<okaasan> : m ca bn
<mou> : ri
<mada> : cha
<korekara> : t by gi
<sutekidesune> : tuyt vi qu nh
<gomenkudasai> : xin li c ai nh khng ?
<irashshai> : anh (ch) n chi
<douzo oagari kudasai>: xin mi anh (ch) vo nh
<shitsureishimasu> : xin li, lm phin
Cu trc:
+ Cu hi:
<mou> + <nani> + <o> + V <Vmashita ka>
+Tr li:
V
<hai, mou Vmashita>
Bi 8
Saturday, 6. March 2010, 08:37:19
I-T vng
+ Tnh t :
()
()
()
()
HANSAMU
kirei (na)
genki (na)
shizuka(na)
nigiyaka
p trai
(cnh) p, p (gi), sch
khe
yn tnh
nhn nhp
()
()
()
()
()
+ Mu sc :
()
II-Ng php
yuumei(na)
shinsetsu(na)
hima(na)
isogashii
benri (na)
suteki (na)
ookii
chiisai
atarashii
furui
ii
warui
atsui
tsumetai
atsui
samui
muzukashii
yasashii
kibishii
yasashii
takai
yasui
hikui
takai
omoshiroi
tsumaranai
oishii
mazui
tanoshii
ni ting
t t
rnh ri
bn rn
tin li
tuyt vi
to ln
nh
mi
c
tt
xu
(tr) nng
(nc ) lnh
(tri) nng
(tri) lnh
(bi tp) kh
(bi tp) d
nghim khc
du dng, hin t
t
r
thp
cao
th v
chn
ngon
d
vui v
shiroi
trng
kuroi
en
akai
aoi
xanh
sakura
hoa anh o
yama
ni
seikatsu
cuc sng
(o)shigoto
cng vic
no
donna
dore
ci no
sorosoro, shitsurei shimasu n lc ti phi v
mata irasshatte kudasai
ln sau li n chi nh.
By gi chng ta s bt u lm quen vi tnh t trong ting Nht. Trong Ting Nht c hai loi tnh t :
+ <ikeiyoushi> : tnh t (i)
+ <nakeiyoushi> : tnh t (na)
1. Tnh t (na)
a. Th khng nh hin ti: Tnh t + <desu>
- V d:
+ <Bo san wa shinsetsu desu.> (Bo th t t )
+ <kono heya wa kirei desu.>(Cn phng ny th sch s.)
b. Th ph nh hin ti: Tnh t + <ja arimasen>
- V d:
+ <kono heya wa kirei ja arimasen>
(Cn phng ny th khng sch s.)
c. Th khng nh trong qu kh: Tnh t + <deshita>
- V d:
+ A (A th khe.)
d. Th ph nh trong qu kh: Tnh t + <ja arimasen deshita>
- V d:
+ A (A th khng khe.)
2. Tnh t
a. Th khng nh hin ti: Tnh t + <desu>
- V d:
+ <kono tokei wa atarashii desu>(Ci ng h ny th mi.)
+
<watashi no sensei wa yasashii desu>
(C gio ca ti th du dng.)
b. Th ph nh hin ti: Tnh t (i) s b ui (i) v thm vo <kunai> + vn c <desu>
- V d:
+
<BETONAMU no tabemono wa takakunai desu>(Thc n ca Vit Nam th khng mc.)
cu trn, tnh t <takai> b (i) thm <kunai> thnh <taka kunai>
c. Th khng nh trong qu kh: Tnh t (i) s b ui (i) v thm vo <katta> + vn c <desu>
- V d:
+
<kinou watashi wa totemo isogashikatta desu>(Ngy hm qua ti rt bn.)
cu trn, tnh t<isogashii> b (i) thm <katta> thnh <isogashi
katta>
d. Th ph nh trong qu kh: Tnh t (i) s b ui (i) v thm vo <kunakatta> + vn c
<desu>
- V d:
+
<kinou watashi wa isogashi kunakatta desu>
(Ngy hm qua ti khng bn.)
cu trn, tnh t<isogashii> b (i) thm <kuna katta> thnh
<isogashi kuna katta>
Lu : i vi tnh t (i) khi nm trong cu th khng nh u vit nguyn dng.
V d: <isogashii> khi nm trong cu th khng nh vn l <isogashii>
Ch : Tnh t c bit (ii) ngha l tt.
- V d:
<ii desu>: khng nh hin ti
BI 9
Monday, 1. June 2009, 10:37:21
I T VNG
<wakarimasu> : hiu
<arimasu> : c ( vt)
<sukina>: thch
<kiraina> : ght
<jouzuna>: .....gii
<hetana> : ......d
<ryouri> : vic nu nng thc n
<nomimono> : thc ung
<SUPO-TSU> : th thao
<yakyuu> : d cu
<DANSU> : khiu v
<ongaku> : m nhc
<uta> : bi ht
<KURASHIKKU> : nhc c in
<JAZU> : nhc jazz
<takusan> : nhiu
<sukoshi> : mt cht
<zenzen~nai> : hon ton~khng
<daitai> : i khi
() <hayaku (kaerimasu)> : (v) sm
<hayaku> : nhanh
<~kara> : ~v, do
<doushite> : ti sao
<zannen desu ne> : ng tic tht
<moshimoshi> : alo
<ishshoni~ikaga desu ka> cng...c c khng?
() ..... <(~wa) chotto......> : th...(ng khng c)
<dame desu ka> : khng c phi khng ?
<matakondo onegaishimasu> : hn k sau
II NG PHP - MU CU
*Ng php - Mu cu 1:
Ng php:
+ +
<mono ( vt)> + <ga> + (tnh cht) <arimasu> : c ci g ...
+ +
<mono ( vt)> + <ga> + (tnh cht) <arimasen>: khng c ci g ...
Mu cu:
+ + +
<~wa> + <mono ( vt)> + <ga> + <arimasu ka> : ai c ci g khng ?
V d:
Lan
<Lan chan wa nihongo no jisho ga arimasu ka>
(Lan c t in ting Nht khng?)
<hai, nihongo no jisho ga arimasu>
(Vng, ti c t in ting Nht)
Quc
<Quc kun wa jitensha ga arimasu ka>
(Quc c xe p khng?)
<iie, jitensha ga arimasen>
(Khng, ti khng c xe p)
*Ng php - Mu cu 2:
Ng php:
Danh t + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <wakarimasu> : hiu vn g ...
Danh t + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <wakarimasen>: khng hiu vn g ...
Mu cu:
+ danh t + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> +<wakarimasu ka> : ai c hiu ci vn no khng ?
V d:
Bo
<Bo kun wa nihongo ga wakarimasu ka>
(Bo c hiu ting Nht khng ?)
<hai, watashi wa nihongo ga sukoshi wakarimasu>
(Vng, ti hiu cht cht>
Quc
<Quc kun wa kankokugo ga wakarimasu ka>
(Quc c hiu ting Hn Quc khng ?)
<iie, watashi wa kankokugo ga zenzen wakarimasen>
(Khng, ti hon ton khng hiu)
*Ng php - Mu cu 3:
Ng php:
Danh t + + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <suki> + <desu> : thch ci g ...
Danh t + + +
Danh t +<ga> + (tnh cht) <kirai> +<desu> : ght ci g ...
Mu cu:
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <suki> + <desu ka> : ai c thch ci g hay khng ?
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <kirai> + <desu ka> : ai c ght ci g khng ?
V d:
Long
<Long kun wa nihongo ga suki desu ka>
(Long c thch ting Nht khng ?)
<hai, watashi wa nihongo ga totemo suki desu>
(Vng, ti rt thch ting Nht)
A
(A c thch karaoke khng ?)
<iie, watashi wa KARAOKE ga amari suki ja arimasen>
(Khng, ti khng thch karaoke lm)
Ch : Cc bn nn hn ch dng <kirai> v t kh nhy cm vi ngi Nht, nu cc bn ch hi khng
thch th nn dng ph nh ca <suki> l <suki ja arimasen> cng vi <amari>
gim mc ca cu ni , tr khi mnh qu ght th .
*Ng php - Mu cu 4:
Ng php:
Danh t + + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <jouzu> + <desu> : gii ci g ...
Danh t + + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <heta> + <desu> : d ci g ...
Mu cu:
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <jouzu> + <desu ka> : ai c gii v ci g khng ?
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <heta> + <desu ka> : ai c d v ci g khng ?
V d:
B
(B c gii ting Nht khng ?)
B
<iie, B san wa nihongo ga amari jouzu ja arimasen>
(Khng, B khng gii ting Nht lm)
A
(A c gii th thao khng ?)
A
<hai, A san wa SUPO-TSU ga totemo jouzu desu>
(Vng, anh A rt gii th thao)
Ch : tng t nh trn, cc bn cng nn trnh dng <heta> v n c th gy mch lng ngi khc
y. Ch nn dng ph nh ca <jouzu> cng vi <amari> l <amari
jouzu ja arimasen> tr khi ngi qu d.
*Ng php - Mu cu 5:
Cu hi ti sao: <doushite~ka>
Cu tr li bi v:~<~kara>
V d:
A
<kesa A san wa gakkou e ikimasen deshi ta>
(Sng nay A khng n trng)
Bui ti, B sang nh hi A :
B:
B:<doushite kesa gakkou e ikimasen deshi ta ka><Ti sao sng nay bn khng n trng?>
A:
A:<watashi wa genki ja arimasen deshi ta kara>
(Bi v ti khng khe)
*Ng php - Mu cu 6:
V l do g nn lm ci g .
,~+ danh t + V
<~kara>, <~wa> + danh t + <wo> + <Vmasu>
V d:
<watashi wa nihongo no hon ga arimasen kara>
(Bi v ti khng c sch ting Nht>
<watashi wa nihongo no hon wo kaimasu>
(Nn ti mua sch ting Nht)
<watashi wa okane ga takusan arimasu kara>
(Bi v ti c nhiu tin)
<watashi wa kuruma wo kaimasu>
(Nn ti mua xe hi)
*Ng php - Mu cu 7:
Ch ng + + danh t chung + + / +
Ch ng + <donna> + danh t chung + <ga> + <jouzu>/<suki> + <desu ka> : Ai c gii/thch v mt
loi ca mt lnh vc no .
V d:
A /
(Anh A thch/gii loi th thao no ?)
/
<watashi wa SAKKA- ga suki / jouzu desu>
(Ti thch/gii bng )
Bi 10
Thursday, 6. November 2008, 17:55:15
T VNG
<imasu> : c (ng vt)
<arimasu> : c ( vt)
<iroirona> : nhiu loi
<otoko no hito> : ngi n ng, con trai
<onna no hito> : ngi ph n, con gi
<inu> : con ch
<neko> : con mo
<ki> : cy
<mono> : vt
() <FIRUMU><(FUIRUMU)> : cun phim
<denchi> : cc pin
<hako> : ci hp
<SUICHCHI> : cng tc in
<reizouko> : t lnh
<TE-BURU> : bn trn
<BEDDO> : ci ging
<tana> : ci k
<DOA> : ca ra vo
<mado> : ca s
<POSUTO> : thng th
<BIRU> : ta nh cao tng
<kouen> : cng vin
<kissaten> : qun nc
<honya> : tim sch
<ya> : hiu, sch
<noriba> : bn xe, bn ga, tu
<ken> : huyn (tng ng tnh ca VN)
<ue> : trn
<shita> : di
<mae> : trc
<ushiro> : sau
<migi> : bn phi
<hidari> : bn tri
<naka> : bn trong
<soto> : bn ngoi
<tonari> : bn cnh
<chikaku> : ch gn y
<tono aida> : giav
() <ya(nado)> : chng hnhay (hoc)
<ichiban> : nht
<danme> : ngn th
() <(doumo) sumimasen> : xin li
: pha trong
<CHIRISO-SU> : tng t
<SUPAISUKO-NA-> : quy gia v
NG PHP - MU CU
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 1:
Ng Php:
Noun + +
Noun + <ga> + <imasu> : c ai , c con g
Mu Cu:
<doko> + <ni> + <dare> + <ga> + <imasu ka> : u c ai vy ?
V d:
<kouen ni dare ga imasu ka>
(Trong cng vin c ai vy ?)
/
<hai, imasu / arimasu>
(Vng c)
hoc l:
, /
<iie, imasen / arimasen>
(Khng c)
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 3:
Ng Php:
<shita (bn di)> <ue ( trn)>
<mae (ng trc)><ushiro (ng sau>
<migi (bn phi)><hidari (bn tri)>
<naka (bn trong)><soto (bn ngoi)>
<tonari (bn cnh)> <chikaku (ch gn y)>
<aida ( gia)>
Nhng t trn l nhng t ch v tr
+ + t xc nh v tr + + / + + /
<tokoro> + <no> + t xc nh v tr + <ni> + <dare> / <nani> + <ga> + <imasu ka / arimasu ka> : u c ai
hay vt g, con g
V d:
<sono hako no naka ni nani ga arimasu ka>
(Trong ci hp kia c ci g vy ?)
<sono hako no naka ni hasami ga arimasu>
(Trong ci hp kia c ci ko)
<anata no kokoro no naka ni dare ga imasu ka>
(Trong tri tim ca bn c ngi no khng ?)
<watashi no kokoro no naka ni dare mo imasen>
(Trong tri tim ti khng c ai c)
*Ng Php - Mu Cu 4:
Ng Php:
Mu cu <arimasu> v <imasu> khng c tr t <ga>
Ch ng (ng vt, vt) + ni chn + + t ch v tr + /
Ch ng (ng vt, vt) + ni chn + <no> + t ch v tr + <ni> + <arimasu> / <imasu>
V d:
<HANOI shi wa doko ni arimasu ka>
(Thnh ph H Ni u vy ?)
<HANOI shi wa betonamu ni arimasu>
(Thnh ph H Ni Vit Nam)
BI 11
Wednesday, 3. December 2008, 09:03:11
I T VNG
<imasu> : c (ng vt)
[] [nihon ni imasu] : Nht Bn
<kakarimasu> : mt, tn
<futari> : 2 ngi
<nin> : ngi
<dai> : ci, chic (my mc)
<mai> : t, (nhng vt mng nh o, giy...)
<kai> : ln, tng lu
<ringo> : qu to
<mikan> : qut
<SANDOICHCHI> : sandwich
() <KARE (RAISU)> : (cm) c ri
<AISUKURI MU> : kem
<kitte> : tem
<hagaki> : bu thip
<fuutou> : phong b
<sokutatsu> : chuyn pht nhanh
<kakitome> :gi bo m
<EAME RU> : (gi bng) ng hng khng
<funabin> : gi bng ng tu
<ryoushin> : b m
<kyoudai> : anh em
<ani> : anh trai (ti)
<oniisan> : anh trai (bn)
<ane> : ch gi (ti)
<oneesan> : ch gi (bn)
<otouto> : em trai (ti)
<otoutosan> : em trai (bn)
<imouto> : em gi (ti)
<imoutosan> : em gi (bn)
<gaikoku> : nc ngoi
<jikan> : ting, gi ng h
<shuukan> : tun
<kagetsu> : thng
<nen> : nm
<gurai> : khong
<donokurai> : bao lu
<zenbude> : tt c, ton b
<minna> : mi ngi
<dake> : ch
<irashshaimase> : xin mi qy khch
() <ii (o)tenki desu ne> : tri p qu nh !
<odekake desu ka> : i ra ngoi y h ?
<chotto made> : nmt cht
<itteirashshai> : (anh) i nh (lch s hn)
<itterashshai> : (anh) i nh
<itte mairimasu> : (ti) i y (lch s hn)
<itte kimasu> : (ti) i y
<sorekara> : sau
<O SUTORARIA> : nc c
II NG PHP - MU CU
Mu Cu - Ng Php 1:
y l phn m trong ting Nht, xin cc bn xem bi cc b m c bn trong ting Nht box Ting Nht s
cp
http://jap4viet.com/forum/portal.php?module=2&a=v&tid=172
Mu Cu - Ng Php 2:
* Ng Php:
V tr ca s lng trong cu : ng sau tr t <ga>, <wo>
* Mu Cu:
Danh t + + / / / / ... + /
Danh t + <ga> + <tsu / nin / dai / mai / kai...> + arimasu / imasu
* V d:
<ima, kouen no naka ni otoko no hito ga hitori imasu>
(By gi trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng.)
<watashi wa SHATSU ga ni mai arimasu>
(Ti c hai ci o s mi.)
Mu Cu - Ng Php 3:
* Ng Php:
Yu cu ai a cho mnh ci g : <wo> + <kudasai>
* Mu Cu:
Danh t + <wo> + s lng + <kudasai>
* V d:
<kami wo ni mai kudasai>
(a cho ti hai t giy, lm n)
Mu Cu - Ng Php 4:
* Ng Php:
Trong khong thi gian lm c vic g : tr t<ni>
* Mu Cu:
Khong thi gian + <ni> + V <V masu>
* V d:
<ish shuukan ni san kai nihon go wo benkyoushi masu>
(Ti hc ting Nht mt tun ba ln.)
Mu Cu - Ng Php 5:
* Ng Php:
<dono kurai> c s dng hi khong thi gian lm ci g .
<gurai> t sau s lng c ngha l khong bao nhiu .
* Mu Cu:
<dono kurai> + danh t + <wo> + V <V masu>
danh t + <ga> + s lng + <gurai> + / <arimasu / imasu>
* V d:
Long
<Long san wa dono kurai nihon go wo benkyoushi mashita ka>
(Anh Long hc ting Nht c bao lu ri ?)
< san nen benkyoushi mashita>
(Ti hc ting Nht c 3 nm)
<kono gakkou ni sensei ga sanjuu nin gurai imasu>
(Trong trng ny c khong ba mi gio vin.)
Lu : Cch dng cc t hi s lng cng tng t tc l cc t hi vn ng sau tr t.
* V d:
<anata no uchi ni TEREBI ga nan dai
arimasu ka>
(Nh ca bn c bao nhiu ci ti vi ?)
<watashi no uchi ni TEREBI ga ichi dai dake arimasu>
(Nh ca ti ch c mt ci ti vi.)
A
(Gia nh ca anh A c bao nhiu ngi vy ?)
<watashi no kazoku ni hito ga yo nin imasu>
(Gia nh ti c 4 ngi.)
BI 12
Wednesday, 3. December 2008, 09:18:23
Quy c :
Mu hng : tr t,
Mu xanh dng : tnh t (i), t c trng cho ng php
Mu : tnh t <na>
I T VNG
<kantana> : n gin
<chikai> : gn
<tooi> : xa
<hayai> : nhanh, sm
<osoi> : chm, tr
<ooi> : nhiu
< hito ga ooi > : nhiu ngi
<sukunai> : t
< hito ga sukunai > : t ngi
<atatakai> : (kh hu) m p
<atatakai> : (canh,cm,nc...) m
<suzushii> : mt m
<amai> : ngt
<karai> : cay
<omoi> : nng
<karui> : nh
<ii> : tt, c
< KO-HI- gaii > : c ph cng c
<kisetsu> : cc ma trong nm
<haru> : ma xun
<natsu> : ma h, ma h
<aki> : ma thu
<fuyu> : ma ng
<tenki> : thi tit
<ame> : ma
<yuki> : tuyt
<kumori> : my
<HOTERU> : khch sn
<kuukou> : sn bay
<umi> : bin
<sekai> : th gii
<PA-TI-> : ba tic
() <(o) matsuri> : l hi
<shiken> : k thi
<sukiyaki>
: mn sukiyaki ca Nht
<sashimi> : mn sashimi
() < (o) sushi> : mn sushi
<tenpura> : mn tempura
<ikebana> : ngh thut cm hoa
<momiji> : l
<dochira> : ng no
<dochiramo> : ng no cng
<doko>
<itsu>
<dare>
Noun + <de> + <nani> + <ga> + <ichiban> + Adj + <desu ka>
<dore>
<.......>
* V d:
<BETONAMU de doko ga ichiban nigiyaka desu ka>
( Vit Nam th ni no l nhn nhp nht vy ?)
<BETONAMU de HO-CHIMIN shi ga ichiban nigiyaka desu>
( Vit Nam th thnh ph H Ch Minh l nhn nhp nht)
<gokazoku de dare ga ichiban sega takai desu ka>
(Trong gia nh bn th ai l ngi cao nht?)
<kazoku de chichi ga ichiban sega takai desu>
(Trong gia nh th cha ti l ngi cao nht)
BI 13
Wednesday, 31. December 2008, 09:05:55
I T VNG
<asobi masu>: chi, i chi
<oyogi masu> : bi
<mukae masu> : n
<tsukare masu> : mt
<dashi masu> : gi, cho ra
<tegami wo dashi masu> : gi th
<hairimasu> : i vo
<kissaten ni hairimasu> : i vo qun nc
<de masu> : i ra
<kissaten wo de masu> : i ra khi qun nc
<kekkonshi masu> : kt hn
<kaimonoshi masu> : mua sm
<shokujishi masu> : dng ba
<sanposhi masu> : i do
<kouen wo sanposhi masu> : i do trong cng vin
<taihenna> : rt, lm, qu
<hoshii> : mun (ci g)
/ <sabishii / samishii> : bun
<hiroi> : rng
<semai> : hp, cht
<shiyakusho> : y Ban Nhn Dn
<PU-RU> : h bi
<kawa> : sng
<keizai> : kinh t
<bijutsu> : m thut
<tsuri> : cu, vic cu c
<SUKI > : trt tuyt
<kaigi> : hi ngh, cuc hp
<touroku> : s ng k h tch
<shuumatsu> : cui tun
<goro> : khong
<nanika> : ci g
<dokoka> : ni no
<onaka ga suki mashita> : i bng ri
<onaka ga ippai desu> : no ri
<nodo ga kawa ki mashita> : kht nc
<sou desu ne> : nh (ng vi kin ca ngi ta)
<sou shimashou> : nh (lm nh vy i)
<ROSHIA> : nc CHLB Nga
<tsuruya> : tn ca tim
<ohayou TEREBI> : tn chng trnh
<gochuumonwa?> : qu khch gi g ?
<teishoku> : mt phn n, cm phn
<gyuudon> : tn mn n
<shou shou xin ch mt cht (knh ng)
`<omachi kudasai>:
<betsu betsu ni> : ring bit (khi tnh tin)
II NG PHP
* Ng php 1:
+ + + + ()
<Mono> ( vt) + <ga> + <hoshii> + <desu> + <(ka)>
Cch dng: Dng biu th mun c mt ci g .
V d:
<ima, anata wa nani ga hoshii desu ka>
(By gi bn mun ci g ?)
<watashi wa PAN ga hoshii desu>
(Ti mun c mt bnh m.)
* Ng php 2
+ (, ) + V + + ()
<Nani> + <ga(wo, e)> + V<tai> + <desu> + <(ka)>
ng t trng ng php ny c ui l <tai>, cch i nh sau:
b <masu> thm <tai>
<tabe masu> --------------> <tabe> ---------------> <tabe tai> : mun n
BI 14
Thursday, 1. January 2009, 08:00:12
Quy c:mu l ng t nhm I, tr t
mu xanh dng l ng t nhm II
mu hng l ng t nhm III
I T VNG
<tsuke masu> : bt (n, tivi)
denki wo tsuke masu : bt n
<keshi masu> : tt (n, tivi)
denki wo keshi masu : tt n
<ake masu> : m
DOA wo ake masu : m ca
<shime masu> : ng
DOA wo shime masu : ng ca
<isogi masu> : vi vng, gp gp
<machi masu> : ch i
tomodachi wo machi masu : i bn
<tome masu> : dng (xe, my), u (xe)
<magari masu> : quo
migi e magari masu : quo phi
<mochi masu> : cm, mang, c
<tori masu> : ly
<tetsudai masu> : gip
<yobi masu> : gi
TAKUSHI wo yobi masu : gi Taxi
<hanashi masu> : ni chuyn, k
<mise masu> : cho xem
<oshie masu> : dy, cho bit, ch bo
juusho wo oshie masu : cho bit a ch
<hajime masu> : bt u
jugyou wo hajime masu : bt u gi hc
<furi masu> : ri (ma, tuyt)
ame ga furi masu : ma ri
<KOPI shi masu> : copy
<EAKON> : my iu ha khng kh
<PASUPO TO> : h chiu
<juusho> : a ch
<chizu> : bn
<shio> : mui
<satou> : ng
<yomikata> : cch c
<kata> : cch
<tabe masu> : n
<ake masu> : m
..........
ng t nhm ny th hu nh khng c ngoi l (t ra l ti thi im ny).
3) NG T NHM III
ng t nhm III c gi l DANH - NG T. Tc l nhng ng t c ui l ch <shi>, v khi
b <masu> v <shi> ra th ci phn trc n s tr thnh danh t.
V d: b <masu>
<benkyoushi masu>: hc ---------------><benkyou> : vic hc
: hc ---------------> : vic hc
<kaimonoshi masu>: mua sm --------------><kaimono> : s mua sm
: mua sm --------------> : s mua sm
.......
Tuy nhin cng c mt vi ng t cng c ui l <shi> nhng khng phi l danh ng t.
V d:
<hanashi masu> : ni chuyn.
.............
B TH TE
Vy th Te l g ? Th Te l mt dng khc ca ng t. Trc gi cc bn hc qua ng t nhng
th <masu>, v nhng ng t c ui l <masu>. V by gi th Te chnh l t th masu
chuyn thnh da vo mt s quy tc. y l quy tc c bn:
1) NG T NHM I
Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm I, v y cng l nhm c cch chia rc ri nht.
* Nhng ng t c ui l <ki>, cc bn s i thnh .
V d:
b <masu>, i <ki> thnh
<kaki masu> : vit --------------------------------><kaite>
: vit -------------------------------->
<kikimasu> : nghe-------------------------------><kiite>
: nghe------------------------------->
<aruki masu> : i b-------------------------------><aruite>
: i b ------------------------------->
* Nhng ng t c ui l <gi> cc bn s i thnh .
V d:
b <masu>, i <ki> thnh
<oyogi masu>: bi ----------------------------------------------><oyoide>
: bi ---------------------------------------------->
<isogi masu> : vi v--------------------------------------------><isoide>
: vi v ------------------------------------------->
* Nhng ng t c ui l <mi>, <bi> cc bn s i thnh <n de>
V d:
b <masu>, <mi>,(<bi>. Thm <n de>
<nomi masu> : ung ---------------------------------------><nonde>
: ung --------------------------------------->
<yobi masu> : gi ---------------------------------------><yonde>
: gi --------------------------------------->
<yomi masu> : c ---------------------------------------><yonde>
: c ---------------------- ---------------->
i vi hai ng t <yobi masu> v <yomi masu> th khi chia th <te>, cc bn phi xem
xt ng cnh ca cu bit c n l ng t <yobi masu> hay ng t <yomi masu>.
* Nhng ng t c ui l , <chi>, <ri> cc bn i thnh <tsu nh v ch te> (khng bit phi
vit sao )
V d:
b <masu>,<ri>,(,(<chi>. Thm <tsu nh v ch te>
<magari masu>:quo ----------------------------------------><magatte>
:quo ---------------------------------------->
<kai masu> : mua ----------------------------------------><katte>
: mua ---------------------------------------->
<nobori masu> : leo ----------------------------------------><nobotte>
: leo ----------------------------------------->
<shiri masu> : bit -----------------------------------------><shitte>
: bit ----------------------------------------->
* Nhng ng t c ui l <shi> th ch cn thm <te>
V d:
b <masu> thm <te>
<oshi masu> : n -----------------------><oshi te>
: n ----------------------->
<dashi masu>: gi-----------------------><dashi te>
: gi ---------------------->
<keshi masu> : tt----------- -----------><keshi te>
: tt----------------------->
* Ring ng t <iki masu> do l ng t c bit ca nhm I nn s chia nh sau:
b <masu>, <ki>. Thm <tsu nh v te>
<iki masu> : i---------------------------------><itte>
: i--------------------------------->
2) NG T NHM II
- Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm II, v y l nhm c cch chia n gin nht.
* i vi ng t nhm II, cc bn ch cn b <masu> thm <te>.
V d:
b <masu> thm <te>
<tabe masu> : n -------------------------------><tabete>
: n ------------------------------->
<ake masu> : m -------------------------------><akete>
: m ------------------------------->
<hajime masu> : bt u----------------------------><hajimete>
:bt u --------------------------->
* Mt s ng t sau y l ng t c bit thuc nhm II, cch chia nh sau:
b <masu> thm <te>
<abi masu> : tm----------------------------><abite>
: tm---------------------------->
<deki masu> : c th-------------------------><dekite>
: c th--------------------->
: c------------------------------><ite>
: c------------------------------>
<oki masu> : thc dy----------------------><okite>
: thc dy---------------------->
<ori masu> : xung (xe)------------------><orite>
: xung (xe)------------------>
<kari masu> : mn-------------------------><karite>
: mn------------------------->
3)ng t nhm III
- Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm III. V nhm ny cch chia cng v cng n gin.
V d:
b <masu> thm <te>
<shi masu> : lm, v ---------------------------><shi te>
: lm, v --------------------------->
<sanposhi masu>: i do ---------------------------><sanposhite>
: i do --------------------------->
<benkyoushi masu>:hc ----------------------------><benkyoushite>
: hc --------------------------->
y l ng t c bit nhm III:
<ki masu> : i --------------------><kite>
: i -------------------->
* Ng php 2:
- Yu cu ai lm g : ng t trong mu cu ny c chia th <te>, th cc bn va mi hc.
V <te> + <kudasai> : Yu cu ai lm g .
V d:
<koko ni namae to juusho wo kaite kudasai>
(Lm n vit tn v a ch ca bn vo ch ny)
<watashi no machi wo kite kudasai>
(Hy n thnh ph ca ti)
* Ng php 3:
- Din t hnh ng ang lm ( tng t nh th hin ti tip din trong ting Anh y m)
V <te> + <imasu> : khng nh
V <te> + <imasen> : ph nh
V d:
*
<MIRA san wa ima denwa wo kakete imasu>
(Anh Mira ang gi in thoi)
*
<ima ame ga futte imasu ka>
(By gi ma ang ri phi khng ?)
+
<hai, futte imasu>
(, ng vy)
+
<iie, futte imasen>
(Khng, khng c ma)
* Ng php 3:
- Hi ngi khc rng mnh c th lm iu g cho h khng ?
V <masu> + <mashou> +<ka>
V d:
<kasa wo kashi mashou ka>
(Ti cho bn mn mt cy d nh ?)
<sumimasen. onegaishi masu>
(Vng, lm n.)
BI 15
Thursday, 1. January 2009, 08:21:08
II NG PHP
Ng php bi ny vn thuc th <te>. V th <te> th xin cc bn xem li bi 13.
* Ng php 1:
- Hi mt ngi no rng mnh c th lm mt iu g khng ? Hay bo mt ai rng h
c th lm iu g .
V <te> + <mo ii desu> + <ka>
V d:
<shashin wo totte mo ii desu>
(Bn c th chp hnh)
<tabako wo sutte mo ii desu ka>
(Ti c th ht thuc khng ?)
* Ng php 2:
- Ni vi ai rng h khng c php lm iu g .
V <te> + <wa> + <ikemasen>
- Lu rng ch <wa> trong mu cu ny v y l ng php nnkhi vit phi vit ch
<ha> trong bng ch, nhng vn c l <wa>.
V d:
<koko de tabako wo sutte wa ikemasen>
(Bn khng c php ht thuc y)
<sensei, koko de asonde mo ii desu ka>
(Tha ngi, chng con c th chi y c khng ?)
*
<hai, ii desu>
(c ch.)
*
<iie, ikemasen>
(Khng, cc con khng c php)
Lu : i vi cu hi m c cu trc V <te> + <wa> + <ikemasen> th nu bn tr
li l:
* <hai> th i sau n phi l <ii desu> : c php
* <iie> th i sau n phi l <ikemasen> : khng c php
BI 16
Thursday, 1. January 2009, 08:36:35
I T VNG
I <norimasu> : bc ln (xe, tu)
densha ni : i xe in
II <orimasu> : xung (xe, tu)
densha wo : xung xe in
II <norikaemasu> : sang xe, i xe
II <abimasu> : tm
SHAWA wo : tm bng vi sen
II <iremasu> : b vo, cho vo
II <dashimasu> : a ra, xut ra
ginkou de okane wo : rt tin ti ngn hng
I <hairimasu> : vo
daigaku ni : vo i hc
II <demasu> : ra
daigaku wo : ra trng
II <yamemasu> : ngh, b
kaisha wo : ngh vic
I <oshimasu> : n, y
<wakai> (i) : tr trung
<nagai> (i) : di
<mijikai> (i) : ngn
<akarui> (i) : sng sa
<kurai> (i) : ti, m u
<se ga takai> : dng ngi cao
<atama ga ii> : thng minh
<karada> : thn th
<atama> : ci u
<kami> : tc
<kao> : khun mt
<me> : mt
<mimi> : l tai
<kuchi> : ming
<ha> : rng
<onaka> : bng
<ashi> : chn
<SA BISU> : s phc v
<JOGINGU> : vic chy b
<SHAWA > : vi sen
<midori> : cy xanh, mu xanh
() () <(o)tera> : cha
<jinja> : n th (Thn o)
<ryuugakusei> : du hc sinh
<ichiban> : th nht
<douyatte> : lm nh th no ?
<dono> : no
<dono hito> : ngi no
() <(iie), madamada desu> : khng, vn cha
: tn mt loi tu Nht Bn
<AJIA> : Chu
<kaiwa>
<ohikidashi desu ka> : anh rt tin phi khng ?
<BOTAN> : nt bm
<KYASSHUKA DO> : th tn dng
<mazu> : trc tin, trc ht
<tsugi ni> : k tip
<kakunin> : xc nhn, kim tra li
<kingaku> : s tin
II NG PHP
- Ng php bi ny vn thuc th <te>, xin xem li v th <te> bi 14
* Ng Php 1:
- Ni cc ng t trong mt cu.
- Dng th <te> v ngn cch bng du phy. ng t cui cng vn l th <masu>
C php:
V <te> + V <te> + V <te> + ......+ V <masu>
V d:
(I) (II)() (III)
(I) (II)() (III)
<ashita koube e itte (I) , eiga wo mite(II), (sorekara) kaimonoshimasu (III)
<Ngy mai ti s i koube, ri xem phim, sau l i mua sm>
* Ng Php 2:
<kami ga mijikai desu>
(Tc di)
* Ng Php 4:
- Sau khi lm g th lm g .
C php:
V <te> + <kara> + V <masu>
V d:
(I) (I) (I)
(I) (I) (I)
<kinou, gakkou kara kaette (I) kara, tomodachi to asobi (I)ni ikimashita (I)>
(Ngy hm qua sau khi t trng tr v ti i chi vi bn.)
BI 17
Thursday, 1. January 2009, 08:46:03
I T VNG
II <oboemasu> : nh, thuc bi
II <wasuremasu> : qun
I <nakushimasu> : nh mt
I <dashimasu> : a trao np
REPO TO wo : Np bo co
I <nomimasu> : ung
kusuri wo : ung thuc
I <haraimasu> : tr tin
I <kaeshimasu> : tr li
II <dekakemasu> : i ra ngoi
I <nugimasu> : ci ra
I <motte ikimasu> : mang theo
III <motte kimasu> : mang n
III <shinpaishimasu> : lo lng
III <zangyoushimasu> : lm thm gi, tng ca
III <shucchoushimasu> : i cng tc
I <hairimasu> : i vo
ofuro ni tm (bn)
() () <taisetsu(na)> : quan trng
() () <daijoubu(na)> : khng sao
<abunai> : nguy him
<mondai> : vn
<kotae> : cu tr li
<kinen> : cm ht thuc
() () <(kinkou) hokenshou> : th bo him y t
<kaze> : gi
wo hikimasu : b cm
<netsu> : nhit
ga arimasu : b st
<byouki> : bnh
<kusuri> : thuc
() () <(o)furo> : bn tm
<uwagi> : o khoc (ngn)
<shitagi> : lt
<sensei> : t dng gi bc s
2,3 <2,3 ichi> : ngy
< made ni> : trc
<desukara> : v vy
: c ---------------->
<arimasu> : c ---------------><nai>
2 Nhm II:
i vi cc ng t nhm II ch cn b <masu> thm <nai>.
V d:
: n ---------------------->
<tabemasu> :n ---------------------><tabenai>
: ra ---------------------->
<demasu> : ra ----------------------><denai>
: tm----------------------> (ng t c bit nhm II)
<abimasu> : tm----------------------><abinai> (ng t c bit nhm II)
: mn----------------------> (ng t c bit nhm II)
<karimasu>: mn---------------------><karimasu>(ng t c bit nhm II)
3 Nhm III:
i vi cc ng t nhm III, ta b <masu> thm <nai>.
V d:
: lm -------------------->
<shimasu> : lm --------------------><shinai>
: lo lng-------------------->
<shinpaishimasu> : lo lng-----------------><shinpaishinai>
: hc-------------------->
<benkyoushimasu> : hc -------------------><benkyoushinai>
* Ring ng t :
<> : n -------------->
<kimasu> : n --------------><konai>
B NG PHP TH NAI
1 Ng php 1:
Yu cu ai ng lm iu g .
C php:
V <nai> + <de kudasai>
V d:
(I)
(I)
<tabako wo suwanai de kudasai(I)>
(Xin ng ht thuc)
(I)
(I)
<PASUPO-TO wo nakusanai de kudasai(I)>
(Xin ng lm mt h chiu)
2 Ng php 2:
Yu cu ai phi lm mt iu g hay do tnh th nn phi lm iu .
C php:
- Chia ng t th <nai> ri b + <nakerebanarimasen>
V <na> + <nakereba narimasen>
V d:
(I)
(I)
<gakusei wa mainichi gakkou e ikanakereba narimasen(I)>
(Hc sinh th mi ngy phi n trng)
A san i n bc s khm bnh. Sau khi khm xong Bc s yu cu A san :
A (II) (I)
A (II) (I)
(A san, mi ngy sau khi n cm ti xong, phi ung thuc ngay)
3 Ng php 3:
Ni vi ai rng h khng cn lm iu cng c
C php:
- Chia ng t th <nai> ri b + <kutemo ii desu>
V <na> + <kutemo ii desu>
V d:
(I)
(I)
<watashi no uchi ni hairu toki, kutsu wo nugana kutemo ii desu(I)>
(Khi bc vo trong nh ca ti, khng cn ci giy cng c)
4 Ng php 4:
Nhn mnh mt vic lm no bng cch a danh t ln u cu.
C php:
<meishi> + <wa> + <doushi>
(Danh t) + <wa> + (ng t)
V d:
( ) (I)
( ) (I)
<(watashi wa) ashita REPO TO wo kakanakereba narimasen(I)>
(Ngy mai (ti) phi vit bo co)
----> ( ) (I)
( ) (I)
<(watashi ga) REPO TO wa ashita kakanakereba narimasen(I)>
(Bo co th ngy mai phi vit)
I 18
Thursday, 1. January 2009, 08:57:51
IT VNG
II <dekimasu> : c th
I <araimasu> : ty, ra
I <hikimasu> : chi n
PIANO wo : chi n
I <utaimasu> : ht
II <atsumemasu> : tp hp, su tp
II <sutemasu> : vt b i
II <kaemasu> : i
III <untenshimasu> : li xe
III <yoyakushimasu> : hn trc, t trc
III <kengakushimasu> : i tham quan hc hi
ME TORU : mt
<kokusai> : quc t
<kokusaidenwa> : in thoi quc t
<genkin> : tin mt
<shumi> : s thch
<nikki> : nht k
<(o) inori> : cu nguyn
<kachou> : trng ban
<buchou> : trng phng
<shachou> : gim c
<PIANO> : n piano
<BI TORUZU> : ban nhc Beatles
<doubutsu> : ng vt
<uma> : con nga
<hee> : t biu th khen(, ng y)
<sorewa omoshiroidesune> : iu tht th v
<nakanaka masen> : mi m khng
<bokujou> : bi, trang tri chn nui
<hontoudesuka> : tht sao ?
<zehi> : nht nh (i vi V<tai>
II NG PHP
Bi ny, chng ta s c hc mt th mi (theo gio trnh Minna) nhng qu quen vi mt s gio trnh khc.
l th :
A TH NGUYN MU
INHM I
i vi ng t nhm I cc bn b <masu> v chuyn ui t ct (i) sang ct (u)
V d:
b <masu> i ct (i) thnh ct (u)
------------>------------------------------> : vit
kakimasu------------kaki--------------------------- kaku
----------->------------------------------> : mua
kaimasu------------kai------------------------------ kau
----------->------------------------------> : ci ra
nugimasu-----------nugi----------------------------- nugu
------------->-----------------------------> : a, trao, np
dashimasu-----------dashi--------------------------- dasu
------------->------------------------------> : ng
tachimasu----------- tachi-----------------------------tatsu
----------->-------------------------------> : gi
yobimasu-----------yobi-----------------------------yobu
--------->-------------------------------> : c
yomimasu---------yomi------------------------------ yomu
------------->------------------------ > : chp (hnh)
torimasu-----------tori--------------------------toru
IINHM II
i vi ng t nhm II th rt l n gin. Cc bn ch vic b <masu>, thm <ru>
V d:
b <masu> thm <ru>
------------------> :n
tabemasu-------------------taberu
---------------> : nh
oboemasu-----------------oboeru
--------------> : suy ngh
kangaemasu----------------kangaeru
-------------------> : tm (ng t c bit)
abimasu---------------------abiru
---------------------> : c th (dng t c bit)
dekimasu---------------------dekiru
IINHM II
i vi ng t nhm III, th i ui <shimasu> thnh <suru>
V d:
------------------> : hc
benkyoushimasu------------------benkyousuru
----------------> : kt hn
kekkonshimasu -----------------kekkonsuru
----------------------> : n (ng t c bit)
kimasu ---------------------kuru
B NG PHP
I Ng php 1:
+Ai c th, c kh nng lm g .
+Chia ng t th nguyn mu cng vi <koto ga dekimasu>
C php:
Noun + + V( + + +
Noun + V() + +
Noun + V(jishokei) + koto + desu
V d:
Q : A
A
A san, goshumi wa nan desu ka
(A san, s thch ca bn l g vy)
A :
watashi no shumi wa manga wo yomu koto desu
(S thch ca mnh l c truyn tranh)
BI 19
Thursday, 1. January 2009, 09:13:13
I T VNG
I <noborimasu> : leo
yama ni : leo ni
I <tomarimasu> : tr
HOTERU ni : tr li khch sn
III <soujishimasu>: lau chi
III <sentakushimasu> : git gi
III <renshuushimasu> : luyn tp
<narimasu> : tr nn
<nemui> : bun ng
<tsuyoi> : mnh m
<yowai> : yu
<choushi> : tnh trng (sc khe, my mc)
<choushi ga warui> : tnh trng xu
<choushi ga ii> : tnh trng tt
<hi> : ngy
<GORUFU> : golf
<sumou> : mn nh vt, v s sumo
<PACHINKO> : my nh bc
<ocha / sadou>: tr o
<ichido> : mt ln
<ichido mo masen> : mt ln cng khng
<dandan> : dn dn
<mousugu> : sp sa
( ) (okagesamade) : nh n tri
<nankaimo> : nhiu ln
<shikashi> : tuy nhin
<murina> : qu mc, v l
<karada ni ii> : tt cho c th
<karada ni warui> : c hi cho c th
<KE KI> : bnh ngt
II NG PHP
ATH <TA>
Ng php bi ny cng s thuc v mt th mi m khng mi. l th <ta>. V sao khng mi, l v cch
chia ca th ny cng y chang nh cch chia ca th <te>. Cc bn ch vic chia nh th <te> v thay <te>
thnh <ta>
V d:
-------------------->-------->
kakimasu----------------- kaite---------- kaita
: vit (nhm I)
: n (nhm II)
+ Trc kia cc bn hc cch lit k nhng vic lm bng cch chia th <te> ca ng t, nhng nu dng
cch th phi k ht tt c nhng vic mnh lm ra. Cn ng php ny th cc bn ch lit k mt s vic lm
tng trng thi.
+ Chia th <ta> ca ng t, cng vi <ri>. ng t cui l <shimasu> v dch l "no l....,no l......"
C php:
V1() + , + V2() + , + V3() + +....+
V1(ta) + <ri> , + V2(ta) + <ri> , + V3(ta) + <ri> +.... + <shimasu> : no l...,no l...
V d:
A
A
(A san, mi bui ti bn thng lm g vy ?)
<Maiban, watashi wa hon wo yonda ri, TEREBI wo mita ri shimasu>
(Ti th, mi bui ti no l c sch, no l xem ti vi....>
III Ng php 3:
+ Tr nn nh th no .
C php:
Danh t + <ni> + <narimasu>
Tnh t (i) (b i) + <ku> + <narimasu>
Tnh t (na) + <ni> + <narimasu>
V d:
<TERESA chan wa, se ga taka ku narimashita>
<B TERESA tr nn cao hn ri>
HOCHIMINH
HOCHIMINH
<Ima, HOCHIMINH shi wa kirei ni narimashita>
(By gi, thnh ph H Ch Minh tr nn sch s hn ri>
<kotoshi, watashi wa 17 sai ni narimashita>
(Nm nay, ti ln 17 tui ri)
BI 20
Thursday, 1. January 2009, 09:20:22
I T VNG
I <irimasu> : cn
BIZA ga : cn visa
II <shirabemasu> : tra cu
I <naoshimasu>: sa cha (nh chnh)
III <shuurishimasu> : sa cha (my mc)
III <denwashimasu> : gi in thoi
<boku> : anh, t (cch xng h ca nam)
<kimi> : em (nam gi n)
<un> : vng (cch ni ngn ca <hai>
<uun> : khng (cch ni ngn ca <iie>
<SARARI-MAN> : nhn vin vn phng, cng chc
<kotoba> : t ng, ngn t
<bukka> : vt gi
<kimono> : o kimono
<hajime> : s bt u
kongetsu no : u thng ny
<owari> : s kt thc
kongetsu no : cui thng ny
<kocchi> : ch ny (cch ni ngn ca "kochira")
<socchi> : ch (cch ni ngn ca "sochira")
<acchi> : ch kia (cch ni ngn ca "achira")
<docchi> : ch no (cch ni ngn ca "dochira")
<kono aida> : gn y, hm ri, hm trc
<minnade> : tt c mi ngi
<kedo> : nhng
<kuni e kaeruno?> : v nc h?
<dousuruno?> : lm th no?
<doushiyoukana> : khng bit lm sao y
<yokattara> : nu c th
<iroiro> : nhiu loi
II - NG PHP
Ng php bi ny l mt ng php cc k cc k quan trng m nu khng hiu n, cc bn s rt kh khn khi
hc ln cao v lng tng trong vic giao tip vi ngi Nht.
Xin gii thiu:
<futsuukei>(ng Du)
<mijikaikatachi> (Sakura)
C hai cch gi m trng ng Du v Sakura s dng u ch ni v TH NGN. Nhng m cch ging v mt
s ch trong bi hc th hi khc nhau. y mnh s ghi theo kinh nghim ca mnh.
A - Gii thiu:
Th ngn l th chuyn dng trong vn ni, trong vn vit khng nn dng.
----------->
------------>
<benkyoushinai>---------> <benkyoushinai> : khng hc
Khng nh qu kh:
V()--------------> V()
V<mashita> ----------------> V<ta>
V d:
----------------->
----------------->
<hanashimashita>------------> <hanashita> : ni
-------------->
-------------->
<tabemashita> ----------------> <tabeta> : n
---------->
--------->
<benkyoushimashita> --------> <benkyoushita> : hc
Ph nh qu kh:
V() -------->V()
V<masendeshita>------> V<nakatta>
V d:
--->
---->
<hanashimasendeshita>---><hanasanakatta>: khng ni
----->
---->
<tabemasendeshita>----> <tabenakatta> : khng n
------->
------>
<benkyoushimasendeshita>----> <benkyoushinakatta> : khng hc
Cc bn hiu cha no? Nu nhn xt k th cc bn s thy:
- Cc th ca ng t m cc bn tng hc trong cc bi trc theo cc th u th hin c trng ca th .
(VD: ng php trong bi th <nai> u ni v ph nh, th <ta> th v qu kh...)
- Cc ng t b <masu> + <tai> (mun) hoc ang th <nai> th uc coi nh l mt tnh t (i) v chia theo
tnh t (i)
VD:
<tabemasu> (ng t) ----------> <tabenai> (tnh t i)---------> <tabenakatta>
<tabemasu> (ng t) ----------> <tabetai> (tnh t i) --------> <tabetakunai>
2 DANH T V TNH T (NA)
Do danh t v tnh t c cch chia ging nhau.
Khng nh hin ti:
: cao
BI 21
Saturday, 18. April 2009, 07:07:42
V N th bn ngh nh th no.
V d:
Bn ngh nh th no v giao thng Nht Bn.
Bn ngh th no v ting Nht.
III/Mu cu dng truyn li dn trc tip v truyn li dn gin tip
A-Truyn li dn trc tip
Cu trc:
Li dn trc tip
V d:
Trc ba n th phi ni g?
Trc ba n th ni l [itadakimasu]
B-Truyn li dn gin tip. Ai ni rng l g ..
Cu trc:
)
V d:
Thy gio ni rng ngy mai s i n bn.
Th tng ni rng ngy mai s i gp tng thng.
IV/Mu cu hi ln ging cui cu vi t ,nhm mong i s ng tnh ca ngi khc.
V
A -------------------------------
A (b )
N (b )
V d:
BI 22
Saturday, 18. April 2009, 07:16:41
y l ci bnh do ba ti lm.
V d 3
y l tin ti nhn c t m.
II/Cu trc: Mnh b ngha cho N1N2
Xt v d sau:
Hanoi Hanoi
Ti c sinh ra H Ni
Khi chuyn thnh cu s dng mnh quan h s thnh
--> Hanoi Hanoi
Ni ti sinh ra l H Ni
-Phn tch cu trn th
Mnh b ngha cho N1
N1
Hanoi=N2
Mt s v d khc:
+H H l ngi ang eo knh
--> H
Ngi ang eo knh l H
+Minh Minh
Mnh l ngi ang i giy en.
---> Minh Minh
Ngi ang i giy en l Minh.
III/Cu trc: Mnh b ngha NV
** y ch n gin l phn m rng ca cu trc I.
Quay li v d 2 trong phn I. Nu bn mun ni rng n ci bnh do b ti lm th s th no?
--->
Ti n ci bnh do b ti lm
-Mt s v d khc
+
Hy cho ti xem nh chp H CH MInh.
+
Hy cho ti xem cai o mc ba tic
IV/Cu trc:Mnh b ngha NA A
**y cng l phn m rng ca cu trc I ging nh 3 vy.
hiu r cc bn xem cc v d sau.
+
Ci bnh do b ti lm th ngon
+
Ti thch ci o s mi nhn c t m ti.
+
Ti mun c nh to.
V/Cu trc :Mnh b ngha N
*Tng t IV:
-V d:
BI 23
Saturday, 18. April 2009, 07:23:55
I/Mu cu vi danh t ph thuc ),dng ch thi gian ai lm mt vic g hay trong mt trng
thi no .
Cu trc:
V ,....
A ,....
A ,....
N ,....
V d:
Khi qua ng th ch xe t.
+
Khi c bo th eo knh.
+
+
Khi v nh th mua sch ( y hnh ng mua sch phi xy ra trc hnh ng v nh v nu bn v nh ri th
sao m mua c sch ng khng?
V d 2:
+
Khi v nh th ni l [tadaima] ( y th hnh ng ni tadaima xy ra sau hnh ng v nh, v phi v nh ri
th bn mi c th ni c m)
II/Cu trc cu vi lin t ph thuc
V( +
-Mu cu: Khi ng t th t in + th sau hnh ng s ko theo s vic , hnh ng tip theo mt
cch tt nhin.(Thng dng khi ch ng hay hng dn cch s dng may mc)
V d:
+
i ht con ng ny ri th s c cng vin.
+
Vn ci nt ny ri th s c v
+
Vn ci nt ny ri th ting s tr nn to.
BI 24
Saturday, 18. April 2009, 07:32:26
I/ Mu cu + Cu trc:
1/Mu cu: Mnh nhn t ai mt ci g .
Cu trc: S N
V d:
+
Yamada v gip ti ci bn .
** y cng c th lc b trong mu cu trn m ngha vn khng b thy i
--->
II/Mu cu + Cu trc
1/Mu cu:Khi mnh tng hoc cho ai ci g
Cu trc:
SN
V d
+ Thao
Thao
Ti tng bn Tho quyn sch
+Thanh
<Thanh>
Ti tng bn Thanh hoa
2/Mu cu: Khi mnh lm cho ai mt ci g
Cu trc:S N
V(Th )
V d:
+ Quyen Hanoi
< Quyen Hanoi >
Ti hng dn cho bn Quyn v Ha Ni
+ Ha
< Ha >
Ti gip bn H chuyn nh
III/Mu cu+Ng php
1/Mu cu: Mnh nhn c t ai mt ci g
Cu trc:S N
V d:
<>
Ti nhn c sch t anh Tanaka
+
<>
Ti nhn c ru t anh FURUKAWA
2/Mu cu:Mnh c hng li t 1 hnh ng ca ngi no .
Cu trc: S N
V(Th )
V d:
+
<>
Ti c ngi Nht dy ting Nht
+ Dao
< Dao >
Ti c bn o cho xem nh du lch
BI 25
Monday, 1. June 2009, 08:08:36
I/ Mu cu + Cu trc
Nu i b n nh ga th mt khong 30 pht.
~
BI 26
Monday, 1. June 2009, 08:29:20
I-T Vng
<sagashimasu> tm kim
<okuremasu> mun,b mun<xe in><
<maniaimasu> ng gi
<
yarimasu> lm
<sankashimasu> tham d<tic>
<moshikomimasu> np n vo
<sugou ga ii> thun tin
<sugou ga warui> ko thun tin
<kibungaii> cm thy kho
<kibungawarui> cm thy mt
<shinbunsha> nh xut bn
<juudo> v judo
<undokai> hi thao
<basho> ni chn
<borantia> t nguyn
<ben> ting a phng
<kondo> ba ti ,ba khc
<zuibun> ton phn ,rt
<chokusetsu> trc tip
<istudemo> bt c lc no
<daredemo> bt c ai
<dokodemo> bt c ni u
<nandemo> bt c ci g
<kon na> nh ci ny
<son na> nh ci <gn ngi nghe>
<an na> ci kia<xa ngi ni v ngi nghe>
II-NG PHP
th ngn gn
adj th ngn gn
adj th ngn gn
N
CCH S DNG:
c dng xc nhn li s suy ln ca ngi ni da trn nhng thng tin , hin tng c c t i phng
ang trc mt.
c N vi ng iu cao, mnh.Khi ni do nhn mnh ng iu v ch yu l t cu hi cho nn i khi to cm
gic kh chu cho ngi nghe, biu hin mnh m cm xc ngi ni nh s nghi ng, ngc nhin, t m...V vy
cn s dng thch hp.
V d ng cnh l th 1 ngi bn vo nh vi cy d b t, nn s t cu hi l
Tri ang ma h?
3//
/
Hi thm thng tin. Cu tr li khng cn dng "
V d:
1> Bn hc ting Nht u?
Ti hc i hc.
Cho em ti
* Hy hc trng Sakura.
BI 27
Monday, 1. June 2009, 08:44:29
I-T vng
(kaimasu) nui gi
(tatemasu) xy
(hashirimasu) chy li xe (dc theo con ng)
(torimasu) ly ,c c (ngy ngh)
1> Ti c th s dng a
2> Ti c th mc o Kimono
3> T c s c th nhn thy ni
4> C th nghe ting sng bin
5> Cm ti nu xong
6> Sn bay KANSAI c hon thnh khi no?
c hon thnh vo ma thu 1994
BI 28
Monday, 1. June 2009, 08:57:24
I-T VNG:
(uremasu) bn, c bn(bnh m)
(odorimasu) nhy
(kamimasu) cn,nhai
(erabimasu) la chn
(tigaimasu) khc nhau
(kayoimasu) ti ,lui(trng i hc)
ghi ch
(mazime) nghim trng, nghim trang
(nesshin) nhit tnh
(yasashii) t t
(erai) tuyn dng, ng kgm phc
(choodoii) thch hp
(shuukan) phong tc
Anh yva i lm va i hc
vy .gii ha
Vy , ti th s dng li v ng mt cht
2>NG T TH
Hnh ng lp i lp li theo thi quen trong sinh hot hng ngy.
:Mi ti bn thng xem chng trnh no?
BI 29
Monday, 1. June 2009, 10:26:32
I/Mu cu + Ng php
Ca s ang m
+
Ci ti ny rch
+
Chuyn xe in lc 8 ri th ng
II/ Mu cu + Ng php
-Mu cu V( ng t chia th
-Ng php: Din t vic g c hon tt, hon thnh xong. N cng c ng ngi ni hi tic v vic
mnh lm, ly lm ng tic v iu ,hoc ph bnh hnh ng ca ai .
-V d:
+
Ti c ht quyn tp ch ny ri.
+
Ti ln nhm xe but mt ri
+
Ti lm ri v u mt ri.
***Ty thuc vo ng cnh m cu trc trn c hiu theo ngha hon tt ca mt hnh ng hay s nui tic
ph bnh***
Bi 30
Monday, 1. June 2009, 10:34:16
I-T Vng
n
:Treo
:trng by ,trang tr
sp xp
:trng(cy)
quay li,tr li
: t (vt)cnh nhau
xp xp
: t vt vo ng ni ca n
:quyt nh
:thong bo
:bn lun
: chun bbi hc
:luyn bi hc
vt nguyn nh vy
- lch
- :hp ng th
: thng rc
:bp b
:bnh hoa
:gng
:ngn ko
:ca trc
:hnh lang
:tng
:h
: n cnh st
:ni ban u
:vng
:trung tm ,gia
:gc
:vn
II-Ng Php
I>V -form ng din t trng thi ca 1 vic lm c mc ch:
*N2 N1 V -form
Mu cu ny c dng khi N2 c nhc n nh 1 ti:
1. -
cun danh b u ri
-
n trn mt bn
2.
ci bng keo u ?
n ct trong ngn ko
.
k hoch thng ny ti vit trn t lch( khi qun-1 vic lm c mc ch)
*V -form : dng din t trng thi ca 1vic lm c mc ch nn n cng c dng ni 1 s
chun b c sn sng.Thng i vi
Ti t khch sn ri
2>V -form
*Lm trc 1 vic g
1.
trc k thi bn chun b g.
BI 31
Monday, 1. June 2009, 10:40:01
I-T MI:
(l k nim) bt u
tip tc
tm thy
(bi thi)lm ,tham d
tt nghip,ra trng
II-NG PHP:
1>NG T TH CH:
V(I) th ,ta b ,ri chuyn m sang m ,v thm
V(II)V()ta b ri thm
V(III)
By gi ti s i ngn hng.
*Ch rng th ch cng c th dng din t nh ca ngi th ba
Chuyn i d nh s ko di ht tun
5> V
Din t mt vic g cha c hon tt.
BI 32
Monday, 1. June 2009, 10:44:42
I-T Vng
--------------------tp th dc
--------------------thnh cng
--------------------trt,rt
--------------------,vtqua(cuc thi)
-------------------------quay tr li
---------------------------------(ma)dng
------------------------------tip tc(nhit )
-------------------------------- b,trng(cm)
------------------------------m p
-----------------------lo lng
-----------------------
---------------------------------khc l,gy ci
-------------------------------------n o
-------------------------------------chy
-----------------------------------b thng
----------------------------------------ho
------------------------------cm
---------------------------------------bu tri
----------------------------------mt tri
----------------------------------------sao
----------------------------------------mt trng
----------------------------------------gi
----------------------------------------pha bc
--------------------------------------pha nam
----------------------------------------pha ty
--------------------------------------pha ng
----------------------------------ci vi nc
-------------------------------------ti nay
-----------------------------------chiu nay
---------------------------------------- trc
------------------ ------------------mun
------------------------------------ nh th ny
--------------------------------------nh th
--------------------------------------nh th kia
-----------------------------------c th
II-Ng Php
1>
V
------------------------+
V
Mu cu ny dng ni ln li ngh hoc li khuyn .thng l a ra nhng kin ngc li so vi kin
m i tng chn hoc dng trong trng hpc nhiu phng php thc hin th chn ra ly 1 phng php
thch hpvi tnh hnh thc t ca i tng.
Mi ngy tp th dc th tt
Ti b st ri
Ah,vy th tt hn l anh ko nn tm
2>
V (th ngn gn) +
adj--------------------------------------> +
adj + ( b
N+ ( b
L cch ni suy on c c s phn on r rngv l cch suy on mang tnh khch quan cho nn thng c
s dng suy oan d bo thi tit hoc trnh by nhng d on v tng lai ca nhng nh chuyn mn.
.
Ngy mai tri s ma.
BI 33
Monday, 1. June 2009, 15:44:41
I-T MI
-
-
Chy
gy n
t b
nm
gi ,tun li ,vng lnh
tng ln,gi ln
gim xung
nhn li
cn thn(xe hi)()
trnh xa (t mt bn ca ai)
ko tt ,ko th
ch ngi
cuc nh ln
lut,quy tc
vt, im
tri bng
my git
ko c s dng
ko c vo, bn
li vo
li ra
li ra khn cp ,li thot him
min ph
hm nay ng ca
m ca bun bn
ang s dng
-ang
loi no
kolu hn(s dng vi ph nh)
m ca bun bn
sau
V(2)thm m vo m
V(3)
.
3> Cch s dng
Th yu cu s dng khi ta ra lnh cho 1 ai lm vic g.V th ngn cm s dng khi ta yu cu ai ko lm
vic g..C 2 th u c dng trong nhng trng hp sau
*Ngi ln ra lnh cho ngi t tui hn.
i ng sm
Ko c v mun
*Gia nhng bn nam.trong trng hp ny ,
thng
c s dng cu vn mm mi hn..
n nh mnh ngy mai nh
ng ung qu nhiu.
*khi cn thit ,khn cp.ko thi gian ni cu lch s,khi la li
chy
ng s dng thang my.
*s dng trong qun i,trong cc bng bo hiu.
ngh
ko ngh
chin u
ko c thua
4> X Y X
c ngha l Y
Tachirikinshi c ngha l ko c vo
BI 34
Monday, 1. June 2009, 15:59:05
I-T MI:
nh rng
tp hp
gp, gy
bo hiu
t , thm vo
tm thy(cha kho)
t cu hi
mng,gy
mp
l hi Bon
seatbelt-dy bo him
cu lc b th thao
ni tht
cha kho
sch hng dn
bn v
dng
mi tn
en
trng
xanh
xanh nc bin
mu vng
nu
nc tng
ti qua
mt xu trc y
II-NG PHP:
1>
VV
------------------------------->+V
N
Mu cu ny s dng khi bn mun ngi khc hnh ng ng theo nhng g bn lm hoc ng theo mt
khun mu no .
Vd
Hy lm nh ti lm
Hy vit nhng g ti ni
Bi 35
Saturday, 20. June 2009, 15:55:20
A-Th iu kin _
I/Cch chia ng t , t th sang th iu kin (_
*Vi ng t nhm I:Chuyn t ct sang ct , b v thm vo.
V d:
+------>
+-------->
+-------->
+-------->
+-------->
*Vi ng t nhm II: B v thay bng
V d:
+-------->
+
-------->
*Vi ng t nhm III:
----------->
-------->
II/Vi tnh t v danh t
*Vi tnh t ui : Chuyn thnh
V d:
+ ------>
+------>
*Vi tnh t ui : B v thm
V d:
----->
----->
*Vi danh t: Ch vic thm
V d:
--------->
----->
B-Ng php
I/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
V(
A (
N(
-Ng php: Nu V th..... , din t mi quan h tt yu, ch iu kin cn thit mt s vic c hnh thnh.
-V d:
+
Nu l ngi xinh p th ti s ci
+
Nu m tri ma th ng git .
II/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
V( V
)
A A
A A
-Ng php:Cng...., cng....., biu th cng lm ci g y th cng lm sao y
-V d:
+
Bi 36
Saturday, 20. June 2009, 16:03:44
I-T VNG
n
(tr chi)tham gia
nh my
tit kim
mp ln, tng cn
gim cn ,gy i
hn (
qun(phong tc)
rn, cng
mm
in
c th mang, em
nh my,nh xng
sc kho
kim o
mi tun
mi thng
mi nm
cui cng
kha kh
tuyt i
cng cng tt
nhng ngy ny
mi
II-NG PHP
I>
V1 -------------- + V2.........
V1
Ch mc tiu t c 1 trng thi.
Trong mu cu ny V1 ch trng thi hay mc ch cn V2 ch mt hnh ng c ch. t c trng thi
V1 :
Bi 37
Sunday, 28. June 2009, 14:25:05
I-T vng
khen ngi
ry la,trch mng
mi ai tham d
nh thc ai dy
mi
nh,yu cu
cnh co,khuyn rn
cp git
dm ln
lm h,ph hu
lm d
nng
xut khu
nhp khu
dch
pht minh
khm ph
thit k ,k hoch
go
la m
du
vt liu th
ngy
tn trm k trm
cnh st
k s
nh khoa hc
hot ho
bng,bi
may mn qu ha
cng ho Dominica
anh em nh Wright
Saudiaraba- rp x ut
II-Ng php
NG T B NG:
***V1( ) V( )
***V2V ()
***V3--------->
---------->
Ch tt c ng t th b ng u l ng t thuc nhm II.Th nn khi chuyn sang cc th nh th ,ta
chuyn nh ng t nhm II.
2>N1(person) N2(person) Vb ng
Khi hnh ng ca N2 trc tip ti N1.Trong trng hp ny ,N1 l ti ca cu.N2 i cng vi v ng t
dng b ng c s dng.
Ti c m nh i mua hng.
.
Ti b cn bi con ch.
3> N1(person) N2(person) N3 Vb ng.
Khi hnh ng ca N2 c nh hng trc tip ti mt vt thuc v N1 v N1 cm thy tic hoc rc ri,N1 s
My tnh ca ti b h bi em ti.
Bi 38
Sunday, 28. June 2009, 14:34:11
I-T vng
nui dy,nui ln
vn chuyn,mang vc
ht , qua
nhp vin
ra vin
bt,m(cng tc in)
tt(cng tc in)
kho
II-Ng php
TRONG MU NG PHP BI NY,CC BN S C HC CCH CHUYN MT CM T HAY
MT CU SANG DANH T C TH LM CH NG TRONG CU MI.
Vth ngn gn
A( )th ngn gn
A()th ngn gn()
Nth ngn gn() +
VD:
:
chi tennis th tht l th v
Chm sc cy th ti rt thch
ti qun mt chuyn ng ca xe ri
12
Trong nm, thng bn nht l thng 12
Bi 39
Sunday, 28. June 2009, 14:45:59
I-T vng
tr li(cu hi)(
v,sp (to nh) ()
chy
(nh)chy
(bnh m)nng
(tht)nng
vt qua(1 on ng di)
cht
b ngc nhin
b tht vng
cm thy an ton,bnh yn
n mun
ri(cng s ay trng hc)sm hn thng l
ly hn
trc tr,phc tp
cn tr ,gy nn s cn tr
bn ,d
vui v hnh phc
bun
bi ri,xu h
ng t
bo
ho hon
tai nn
mc tm bn (kt hn)qua bo
cc ph in thoi
quy tip tn
m hi
khn lau khn tm
x bng
s lng ln
Cm n anhv lm vic chm ch.
II-Ng php
I> V
V
A
A
Trong mu cu ny ,v u ca cu s l mt nguyn nhn v v sau din gii t nguyn nhn .Ko ging vi
-bn hc trong bi 9,mu cu ny c phm vi s dng rng hn.
1> Trong v sau ca cu ko s dng ng t ch
*Nhng ng,tnh t mang sc thi biu cm.
th by th ti li bn,nn ti khng i c
Xe but b kt bi 1 tai nn
Bi v ng t nn to nh b .
III>
Vth ngn gn
Ath ngn gn----------------------------------------------+
Ath ngn gn
N th ngn gn
din t nguyn nhn ,l do..s dng lm cho cu ni mm mi hn,thng c s dng din t l do 1
cch lch s,hoc hi xin php
Bi 40
Sunday, 28. June 2009, 14:59:48
I-T vng
-
-
-
o ,cn
khng nh ,chc chn
hp ,va kht
khi hnh ,bt u i
n ni
say xn
nguy him
cn thit
khng gian ,v tr
tri t
ba tic th 2
hi ngh
maratng
cuc u tranh,cnh tranh
trc mt
sau lng
phc p
n xinvic
s tht
li - sai
vt thng
qun di
chiu di
cn nng
chiu cao
kch c
chuyn bay s
chuyn tu s
n v m nhng vt nh
-
n v m nhng vt di
-
n v m nhng vt nh cc ly
-
kilogam
-
gram
-
centimet
-
milimet
khng t hn
ah ti coi(1 cu cm thn )
khng nhiu hn
II-Ng php
I> Nghi vn
Vngn gn
A( )ngn gn---------------------------- + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A()ngn gn ( b
)
N ngn gn(b
)
Ti s ngh v chuyn 1 ln na
Ti mun nhn tri t t trn khng gian
Ti c th th ci qun ny c khng
Bi 41
Saturday, 11. July 2009, 07:35:08
I-T vng
nhn(lch s)
cho(lch s)
cho(ni vi ngi nh tui hn,hoc di quyn)
mi,gi
trao i
i x t t vi
d thng
mn qu
din t s cm thng.(mn qu an i cho ngi bnh)
s quan tm ,nim am m
thng tin
ng php
s pht m
con kh
thc n cho th
chi
sch hot ha
thip (c hnh v)
ci t vt
khn tay
tt ,v
gng tay
nhn
ti, cp
ng(ca mnh)
b (ca mnh)
chu
ch ,bc (ca mnh)
ch bc (ca ngi khc)
d(ca mnh)
d(ca ngi khc)
nm kia
II-Ng php
Trong bi 7 v 24 bn hc cch th hin s cho v nhn vt g, hoc mt hnh ng. Trong bi ny cc bn s
hc mt cch din t khc v s cho v nhn, nhng c cp n mi quan h gia ngi cho v ngi nhn.
*Ch :y l 1 phm tr rt kh nh. Ti hc sang trung cp nhng vn qun.
I.> N N
Khi ngi nhn l mt ngi c vai v thp hn, hoc l con vt ,cy ci.
c
s dng. Tuy nhin ,khi ngi
nhn l ngi trong gia nh, hoc quen bit thn tnh th thng c s dng trong ting nht hin
hnh.
*Ti cho con trai ti vi ci ko
nu dng trong trng hp ny cng ng, nhng t c
dng)
*Ti cho con ch n
II> N N
Khi chnh ngi ni nhn c mt vt t mt ngi c a v cao hn
*ti nhn c qu t tay trng phng
III>[]N
Khi ngi a v cao hn cho ngi ni mt ci g . thay th cho
Ti dt con ch i do
II> V
Ti c trng phng sa li sai trong l th.
III> V
V gim c dy ti ch pha tr
Ngi gim c a ti n nh ga
V> N V
mang ngha [nh l,thay cho,vi chc nng]
anh Tanaka tng ti ci a ny nh mn qua ci vy.
Bi 42
Saturday, 11. July 2009, 07:51:40
I-T vng
gi, bc
si luc
trn ,pha ln
tnh ton
dy
mng
lut s
nh son nhc
bn tr con
2 ngi ,1 i
gio dc
lch s
vn ho
x hi
lut php
chin tranh
ho bnh
mc ch
an ton
lut ,l thuyt
mi quan h
s pha trn
m un nc
ci nt chai
ci m chai
thc n ng hp
o khoc ngoi
bn tnh
nhit k
nguyn vt liu
kim t thp
d liu
tp tin
c gng
ti sao
lin hp quc
th gi Elize
beethoven
phn lan
II-Ng php
1>
V(---------------- : , cho,v
N()
Mu cu ny c dng din t mt mc ch.
Vd:
Ti s xy cho gia nh ti mt ci nh
Ch : bn hc bi 36 cng din t mt mc ch nhng khng s dng vi ng t th ch. Vi
mu cu 1 c th i cng ng t th ch.
Vd:
*
ti tit kim tin c th c c mt ca hng ring(*)
2>
V ------------------- + : cho,dng
N
Vd:
Ci ko ny dng ct hoa
3>
S lng
Khi nhc n s lng, mo t ch s lng nh nht cn thit.
Vd :
s lng
Khi nhc n s lng, mo t din t suy ngh ca ngi ni cho rng s lng c ni n l nhiu
Vd:
Bi 43
Saturday, 11. July 2009, 08:11:49
I-T vng
tng
gim
tng (gi c)
h(gi c)
ct
ln
xung
mt ht,cn
mnh kho
khc l
hnh phc
ngt
nht
bun ,khng th v
ga ,xng
la
s iu ho khng kh
cm gic ,cm nhn
bt c khi no
II-Ng php
A> Trng ging nh,c v nh
V
----------------------------
+
Ab()
A() b
Mu cu ny c dng khi bn nhn thy 1 s vt dn n 1 lin tng, gi nh. S nhn nh ny da trn b
ngoi ca vt, hoc ngi.
1>
V
Khi thi im hin ti, ngi ni d on trc 1 s vic sp xy ra, ngi ni c th dng mu cu ny.
,thng i cng mu cu ny.
Vd
Tri c v ma ngay by gi
T gi tr i, c v tri s lnh.
2>
Ab -----------------
A()b
Mu cu ny c ngha l mc d iu ny khng c chng thc nh mt s tht, nhng n din t ging nh b
ngoi ca s vt.
Vd:
Ci bn ny nhn c v chc v bn .
Bi 44
Friday, 17. July 2009, 13:45:54
I-T vng
khc
ci, mm ci
b m, lm m
trt
xy ra
xp sp, iu chnh
an ton
lch s
nh
mn , m c
nht
khng kh
nc mt
a kiu nht bn
a kiu chu u
a phng
s lng
i, hai
mt na /td>
phng n
phng 2
ngn ko
git
l do
II-Ng php
1>
V
Ab------------------------------+:qu nhiu
A()b
din t mc ca hnh ng l qu mc
Vd
Ci o rt ny qu rng vi ti.
c xp vo ng t nhm II, v th khi chuyn sang cc dng khc, ta cng tun theo quy tc ca
ng t nhm II
V ---------------+ : Lm vic g kh
Vd
Chic o trng th d bm bn
Chic ly rt kh v, v vy n rt an ton.
3>
Ab thm
Ab thm ------------------
N
Mu cu ny c s dng khi mt ai lm s vic g n 1 tnh trng c nh chc chn.
Ti m ln m thanh
Bi 45
Friday, 17. July 2009, 13:58:42
I-T vng
xin li
chng kin(s c)
tin tng
chun b
hu b, xo b
thnh cng
cng thc, ho n
qu gi
in thoi gi nhm s
tri,ni cm tri
s gin on
im
cp bc
ho n
n i, mt cch ng n, hp thc
t nhin
ch i, mong ch
n c ri
II-Ng php
1>
V
V
V()------------------- :Nu
A()
A
N
Mu cu ny dng din t 1 tnh hung gi thuyt.
Vd
Vd
C y khng n mc d c y ha.
Bi 46
Friday, 17. July 2009, 14:10:55
I-T vng
Chy ,Nng
Trao tay
Tr v
vng mt
nguyn nhn
tim phng
s ngon ming
m thanh STEREO
v pha ti
va mi
by gi ti lm phin bn c khng
II-Ng php
A>
V
V-form ----------------------------
V-form
: c ngha l ni chn nhng trong bi hc ny n thng c s dng nhn mnh 1 thi im c th
trong tin trnh ca hnh ng.
1> V
Mu cu ny dng ni rng 1 ngi nh lm vic g hoc 1 vic g chun b c lm .n thng c i
km vi lm ngha r hn.
Bn n cm tra cha?
Cha, by gi ti mi n
Cuc hp bt u cha
Cha, n mi sp bt u thi.
V
Mu cu ny din t 1 ngi ang lm vic g. Thng i km vi
Anh c bit nguyn nhn hng hc khng?
Ah,c y va ri khi y
C th c y vn gn khu vc tang my
*Xe but va ri bn
B>V
Mu cu ny din t rng hnh ng xy ra cch y khng lu.n din t cm xc ca ngi ni th nn cng c
th ni n 1 khong thi gian thc s di nhng nu ngi ni cm thy ngn.
*Ti n tra cch y khng lu
C>
V
V
A()-----------------------------------
A
N
Ngi ni s dng mu cu ny khi ngi ni b thuyt phc bi nhng g xy ra trc . Bng cch s dng
mu cu ny, ngi ni nhn mnh rng h c nh nh vy, l cch phn xt ca h v h thc s chc chn l
vy.
*Bn ngh ngy mai ng Miller c ti khng?
Ti chc l ng y s ti .ti nhn c in ca ng ta ngy hm qua m.
Bi 47
Saturday, 25. July 2009, 08:56:17
I-T vng
t tp
xa la, chia r
sng th
/ /
nghe thy m thanh, ting ng
nm thy v
ngi thy mi
ln, gi ln, ko ra
khng khip
kinh khng
d bo thi tit
s th nghim
dn s
mi
khoa hc
y hc
vn hc
s cho php
s tri ngc
nam gii
n gii
~
theo nh~
I-Ng php
I> Th ngn gn Nghe thy l,hnh nh l
Din t 1 thng tin bn t c t mt ngun thng tin no ,khng phi l quanim ca bn,ngun thng tin
cc ikm vi (theo nh)
Vd
Ti nghe ni l Bali rt p
C v nh tri sp ma.
Ch : mu cu trc ny c th nhm ln vi V b trong bi 43.
II>
V th ngn gn
A th ngn gn hnh nh l
A th ngn gn
N th ngn gn
Mu cu ny truyn t s phng on ca ngi ni t 1 thng tin m ngi ni c c t cm tnh hoc da
trn s hiu bit ca ngi ni.
Trong mu cu ny, i khi thng i km cng din t s khng chc chn ca ngi ni.
Vd:
Ti b ho v au u .c l ti b cm lnh ri.
III> ///
Bu cu ny din t nhng iu c th nhn thc c hoc cm gic c
Ti nghe thy c m thanh l
Bi 48
Saturday, 25. July 2009, 09:02:23
I-T vng
T XUNG
TNG THUT LI
QUAN TM , CHM SC
KH CHU
NGHIM KHC
TRNG NH
THI GIAN BIU
HC SINH
NGI
VN PHNG NC NGOI
CP LI VISA
II-Ng php
1>ng t th sai khin:
T DO
CHORT TT
bn ang bn (s dng khi hi ngi nh tui hn,hoc tr con)
sau 1 thi giandi
bun bn
cho n thi im
n ri, khng vn g
vui v
nhm I:
V(V b
nhm II:
V(II) b
nhm III
Ti hiu ri.
4>V(saikhin):lm n hy cho ti lm.S dng mu cu ny xin s cho php.
Bi v ti s i d m ci bn,ti c th v sm c khng
Bi 49
Saturday, 1. August 2009, 08:31:22
A-T vng
(,, )
()
()
()
()
ngh
ngi [xung gh]
i, n, (lch s)
n, ung(lch s)
ni(lch s)
lm(knh ng)
xem(lch s)
s hiu bit
li cho
gt tn
l qun, ch tr cho khch du lch
hi trng
im xe but
mu dch, thng mi
~ngi
khngmt cht g
thnh thong, i khi, t khi
khng khch so, khng ngi ngng, khng d dt
xin li
noi vi ngi nghe hoc vi ngi th ba c nhc ti khi hi thoai. S kinh trong nay phu thuc vao mi quan
h cua ngi noi vi ngi nghe hoc vi ngi th ba. Quyt inh co dung th kinh ng hay khng phu thuc
vao ba yu t sau y:
(1) Trong mi quan h xa hi, khi ngi noi la ngi di anh (chi) ta se dung th kinh ng biu l s tn
trong i vi ngi trn.
(2) Khi ngi noi la ngi khng co mi quan h ba quen bit vi ngi nghe thi ln noi chuyn u tin thng
thng th kinh ng se c s dung th hin s kinh trong, lich s
(3) Mi quan h ngi nha / ngi ngoai. Khai nim ngi nha phai c hiu rng theo nghia ngi trong mt
nhom nao y. Vi du ngi trong mt gia inh, ngi trong mt cng ty etc. Khi ngi noi noi vi ngi ngoai
v mt ngi nha nao y cua minh thi cho du ngi nha co la ngi trn thi ngi noi cung khng dung th
kinh ng biu thi s kinh trong bi vi luc nay ngi nha c coi nh la chinh ngi noi vy.
Khai nim ngi nha ng thi cung phai c hiu mt cach linh hoat. Ly vi du nu A noi vi B v C (la
thy giao cua A), A va B cung trng nhng khac phong nghin cu thi C la ngi nha ma B la ngi ngoai.
Nhng nu A noi D (mt hoc sinh khac trng) thi luc nay B cung tr thanh ngi nha cua A.
Rt co th, vic hiu ngi nha hay khng con phu thuc vao chu cua cuc noi chuyn na. Ly vi du u, nu
cu chuyn cua A xoay xung quanh vic thy giao n chi nha thi luc nay co le thy giao cung c coi la ngi
ngoai va vic s dung kinh ng la hoan toan co th.
II. Cac loai th kinh ng
Th kinh ng c chia thanh ba loai:
+-------------: th l phep
+-------------: th khim nhng
+-------------: th lich s
bai 49 nay chung ta hoc th l phep.
III. Th l phep
1)Chia ng t th l phep: Cach chia ging vi cach chia ng t bi ng. Chung u la cac ng t nhom II.
ng Nakamura se n y luc 7 h.
Anh a bo ru ri cha?
a) V -form
Mu cu nay c coi la con lich s hn ca th l phep trn.
Chu y rng nhng ng t form co mt m tit ( vv) hoc ng t nhom III khng dung c
mu nay. Cac ng t co th lich s tng ng cung khng dung mu nay ma dung th tng ng o.
VD:
, , ---------------->
, ---------------------->
------------------------------->
--------------------------->
--------------------------------->
--------------------------------->
-------------------------------->
VD:
Bi 50
Sunday, 2. August 2009, 09:17:25
A-T vng
i
c,
n, ung, nhn
ni l, gi l
lm
xem, chime ngng(khim nhng)
bit n
hi, nghe
gp g, ng u
ti
hng dn vin
ng, b, ngi (trnh trng)
ngoi , ngoi thnh
album ca nhc
tun sau na
thng sau na
nm sau na
na nm
u tin, trc ht, mi u
rt cuc
ti v y
B-Ng php
I. Th khim nhng ()
Th khim nhng c dung khi ngi noi to y khim nhng ban thn hoc cac hanh ng cua ban thn th
hin s kinh trong i vi ngi nghe hoc vi ngi th ba c nhc n trong cuc hi thoai. S kinh trong
thng hng ti ngi trn trong xa hi hoc vi ngi ngoai (Xem lai inh nghia bai bai 49). Th khim
nhng cung c dung khi noi v ngi nha b trn (bi han ch th ).
1)
1.1)
VD:
a.
No co ve nng y. Ti giup ban nng no ln nhe.
b.
Ti se noi vi tng giam c v lich trinh lam vic.
c.
Anh trai ti se a ban i bng t.
Trong vi du a va b, ngi noi th hin s kinh trong i vi ngi nghe (vi du a) hoc i vi ngi th ba (vi du
b) bng cach noi mt cach khim nhng v hanh ng cua minh. vi du ba, hanh ng c th hin bng mt
ngi nha ch khng phai ngi noi.
Chu y rng mu cu nay khng thich hp vi ng t mt m tit nh hoc .
1.2)
VD:
d. Ti se hng dn cac ban i tham quan vin bao tang Edo Tokyo.
e. Ti se giai thich lich trinh ngay hm nay.
Mu cu nay dung cho cac ng t nhom III. Ngoai nhng ng t trong cac vi du trn, cac ng t ngu y ti mi
giao thip vi ngi nghe chng han (gii thiu)(chiu ai, mi)va (lin
lac) la co th c dung. (goi in) va (ha) la nhng ngoai l khi dung tip u ng
ch khng phai .
Chu y: Mu cu trong vi du a va b chi co th dung vi cac hanh ng bao ham ngi khac bn canh ngi tao ra
hanh ng y. Do o no se khng c dung nu hanh ng khng bao ham ngi nao khac ngoai ngi noi.
Vi du:
X
Vi du trn la sai.
2)Cac ng t khim nhng c bit
V ----------------------------------------------->
--------------------------------------->
------------------------------------------>
--------------------------------------->
------------------------------------------>
----------------------------------------->
------------------------------------------->
-------------------------------->
------------------------------------>
--------------------------------------->
----------------------------------------->
b) Khi hanh ng cua ngi noi co bao ham ca ngi nghe hoc ngi th ba
vd:
Ti gp v tng giam c.
c) Khi hanh ng cua ngi noi khng bao ham ca ngi nghe hoc ngi th ba
vd:
Tn ti la Miller.
Ti n t nc My.
II. Th lich s ()
Th lich s c dung khi ngi noi mun bay to s kinh trong vi ngi nghe.
1) la th lich s cua .
vd:
Lam n cho ly ca f.