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3
Quantization and
Coding
Introduction
In this module we shall discuss about a few aspects of analog to digital (A/D)
conversion as relevant for the purpose of coding, multiplexing and transmission. The
basic principles of analog to digital conversion will not be discussed. Subsequently we
will discuss about several lossy coding and compression techniques such as the pulse
code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), and delta
modulation (DM). The example of telephone grade speech signal having a narrow
bandwidth of 3.1 kHz (from 300 Hz to 3.4 kHz) will be used extensively in this module.
time
x(t) +V z(t) +V
+V
0 -V 0 -V
MEAN ADJUSTED GAIN NORMALIZED
ORIGINAL SIGNAL
pdf of
pdf(z)
y(t)
0 y=y1 0 z
x x
x(t) + y(t)= x(t) - x
+
- VARIANCE A z(t) = A.y(t)
MEAN
EST. EST. σ y2
x
Fig. 3.10.2 Scheme for mean removal and variance normalization