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Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR

MC LC
1.

Cc s liu ban u.............................................................................................. 2

2.

Tnh ton cc phn ng chnh xy ra trong qu trnh reforming xc

tc2
2.1. Tnh nng sut thit b ......................................................................................... 5
2.2. Tnh lng kh tun hon cn thit ...................................................................... 6
2.3. Tnh ton phn b p sut ca cc cu t trong hn hp nguyn liu v thnh
phn kh tun hon. ...................................................................................................... 7
3.

Tnh ton cho l th nht..................................................................................... 8

3.1. Tnh cn bng vt cht......................................................................................... 8


3.2. Tnh cn bng nhit lng ................................................................................. 12
4.

Tnh ton cho l th 2 ....................................................................................... 15

4.1. Tnh ton cn bng vt cht ............................................................................... 15


4.2. Tnh ton cn bng nhit lng ......................................................................... 19
5.

Tnh ton cho l th 3 ....................................................................................... 22

5.1. Tnh cn bng vt cht....................................................................................... 22


5.2. Tnh cn bng nhit lng ................................................................................. 26
6.

Tnh ton cho l th 4 ....................................................................................... 29

6.1. Tnh cn bng vt cht....................................................................................... 29


6.2. Tnh cn bng nhit lng ................................................................................. 34

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Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
1. Cc s liu ban u
Cng sut

: 1.500.000 tn/ nm.

Nhit

: 470 5300C.

Tc th tch

: 1,5 h-1.

p sut

: 3,5 kg/ cm2 = 343.234,5 pa.

T l H2/ RH

: 2,5 kmol.

Phn b xc tc trong l phn ng ln lt l: 1/1,5/2,5/5.


Bng 1: Thnh phn nguyn liu.
Khi lng ring

Thnh phn phn on

293
277

T0s u T0s 10% T0s 50% T0s 90% T0scui

3290K

50

38

12

0,7288

3480K

3850K

% khi lng

4280K

4530K

2. Tnh ton cc phn ng chnh xy ra trong qu trnh reforming xc tc


-

Phn ng chnh chuyn ho hydrocacbon naphten thnh RH thm.


CnH2n CnH2n-6 + 3H2 (1)

Phn ng chuyn ha hydrocacbon naphten thnh parafin


CnH2n + H2 CnH2n+2

(2)

Phn ng hydro cracking naphten


CnH2n + n/3 H2

n/15 (CH4 + C2H6 + C3H8 + C4H10 + C5H12) (3)

Ta c th m ta s gim hm lng hydrocacbon do chuyn ha ho hc cc


phn ng trn bng cc phng trnh vi phn sau :
(4)

(5)

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Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
(6)

Trong :
PP : p sut ca parafin [pa].
PA: p sut ca cc hp cht thm. [pa]
PH2: p sut ca hydro [pa]
PN: p sut ca naphten [pa].
P : p sut ca h [pa].
NN, NP: Ln lt l phn mol ca hydrocacbon naphten v parafin trong nguyn
liu b chuyn ho (kmol/ kmol).
VR: i lng nghch o ca tc np liu theo mol (kg xc tc/h.nguyn liu)
K1: Hng s tc phn ng (1) c xc nh bng th (kg xc
tc/h.pa.nguyn liu).
K2: Hng s tc phn ng (2) c xc nh bng th kg xc tc/h.nguyn
liu.
K3: Hng s tc phn ng (3) c xc nh bng th kg xc tc/h.nguyn
liu.
KP1, KP2 ln lt l hng s cn bng ha hc ca phn ng (1), (2) c xc
nh theo phng trnh sau :
KP1 = 9,813 . 1012 . e46,15 - 25600/T
KP2 = 98,1-1 . 10-3 . e(4450/T)

- 7,12

Bng 2: Thnh phn kh tun hon.


Cu t

H2

CH4

C2H6

C3H8

C4H10

C5H12

% mol

86

tnh ton thnh phn ca hp hp dng cng thc:


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Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Me . yi = Mi . yi
Trong :
Me : khi lng phn t trung bnh ca nguyn liu .
Mi: khi lng phn t trung bnh ca cc hydrocacbon trong nguyn liu .
yi, yi ln lt l phn khi lng v phn mol ca cu t i trong nguyn liu
Mt khc th

M = 0,4.T50 - 45

Trong :
T50 l nhit si ti 50% th tch ca nguyn liu .
Vy ta tnh c Me = 0,4 x 385 - 45 = 109 .
Bng 3: Khi lng ca cc hydrocacbon trong nguyn liu.
Hydrocacbon

Cng thc ha hc

Cng thc khi lng

Parafin (P)

CnH2n +2

Mp = 14n + 2

Naphaten (N)

CnH2n

MN = 14n

Aromatic (A)

CnH2n - 6

MA = 14n - 6

Ngoi ra Me cn tnh theo cng thc :

Me =

YA
MA

1
YN +
MN

YP
MP

Trong :
YP,YN,YA ln lt l phn khi lng ca cc hydrocacbon trong nguyn liu
MA MN , MP l khi lng phn t ca cc hydrocacbon: Aromatic, naphten v
parafin trong nguyn liu :

Me =

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YA
+
14n - 6

1
YN
YP
+
14n
14n+2
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Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Bin i ta c phng trnh sau :

n3 - (Me + 4)n2 - [6 + ( YA - 2YN - 3 YP)Me]n + YNMe = 0


Gii phng trnh trn ta c n = 7,77
Vy khi lng phn t trung bnh ca cc hydrocacbon nh sau :
MP = 14n + 2 = 14x 7,77 + 2 = 110,78,
MN = 14n

= 14 x 7,77 = 108,78,

MA = 14n - 6 = 14x 7,77 - 6 = 102,78,


Bng 4: Thnh phn ca nguyn liu.
Hm lng trong nguyn liu
Cu t

Khi lng phn t

Cn H2n + 2

yi phn khi lng

yi' =yi .Me/Mi

110,78

0,50

0,492

Cn H2n

108,78

0,38

0,381

Cn H2n 6

102,78

0,12

0,127

Tng

---

1,000

1,000

2.1.

Tnh nng sut thit b


Gc = L/(24 x 340) , kg/h.

Vi L: l nng sut nm, L = 1.500.000 tn/nm .


Trong s ngy hot ng trong nm l 340 ngy (c 25 ngy ngh sa
cha v bo dng thit b).
Vy ta tnh c nng sut ca thit b trn gi l :
Gc = (15x 108 )/(24 x 340) = 183.823,529

(kg/h)

Nng sut thit b tnh ra (Kmol/h)


NC = Gc/Me = 183.823,529 / 109 = 1686,454 (Kmol/h)

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Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Bng 5: Thnh phn cc cu t trong nguyn liu.

2.2.

Cu t

yi (phn mol)

Ni = NC . y'i (kmol/h)

Cn H2n + 2

0,492

829,735

Cn H2n

0,381

642,539

Cn H2n - 6

0,127

214,180

Tng

1,000

1686,454

Tnh lng kh tun hon cn thit

Ta c H2/ RH = 2,5 Kmol.


Nng sut H2 l:
nH2 = 2,5 . NC = 2,5 x 1686,454 = 4216,135 (kmol/h).
Vy lng kh tun hon li l:
nkth = nH2 . 100/86 = 4216,135 x 100/86 = 4902,483 (kmol/h).
Bng 6: Thnh phn cc cu t trong kh tun hon.

Cu t

Mi

yi

Mi . yi

ni = nkth . yi

H2

0,86

1,72

4216,134

CH4

16

0,04

0,64

196,099

C 2 H6

30

0,05

1,50

245,124

C 3 H8

44

0,03

1,32

147,075

C4H10

58

0,01

0,58

49,025

C5H12

72

0,01

0,72

49,025

Tng

1,00

6,48

4902,483

Lng hydrocacbon trong kh tun hon l:


P* = 4902,483 - 4216,135 = 686,348 (kmol/h).

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Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
-

Lng cht xc tc cho qu trnh l:

Th tch xc tc: Vxt = Gc / c V0 (m3)


Trong :
V0 l tc th tch = 1,5h-1

C : Khi lng ring ca nguyn liu th lng. Ly C = 728,8 (kg/m3).

Lng xc tc: mXT = VXT .XT


Trong : XT khi lng ring xc tc; XT = 550 650 (kg/m3).Chn XT = 600
(kg/m3).
Suy ra mXT = 168,152 x 600 = 100.891,270 (kg).
Tnh ton phn b p sut ca cc cu t trong hn hp nguyn liu v

2.3.

thnh phn kh tun hon.


Ta c cng thc: Pi = P . yi
Trong :
Pi : p sut ring phn cu t i [pa].
P: p sut chung ca l phn ng [pa]. Chn P = 3,5 kg/cm2 = 343234,5 (pa).
yi: nng phn mol ca cu t i trong hn hp.
Bng 7: Thnh phn p sut.
Cu t

ni (Kmol/h)

y'i = ni/ ni

Pi= 343.234,5. y'i (Pa)

829,735

0,1259

43213,223

642,539

0,0975

33465,364

214,180

0,0325

11155,121

H2

4216,135

0,6399

219635,757

P*

686,348

0,1040

35765,035

Tng

6588,937

1,0000

343.234,500

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Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Phn b xc tc trong cc l phn ng theo t lnh sau: 1/1,5/2,5/5.
Bng 8: S phn b xc tc trong cc l phn ng.
L phn ng

VXT ( m3 )

MXT = VXT x 600 (kg)

16,8152

10089,12

25,2228

15133,68

42,0380

25222,80

84,0760

50445,60

Tng

168,1520

100.891,20

3. Tnh ton cho l th nht


3.1.

Tnh cn bng vt cht

Hng s tc phn ng chuyn ho naphten thnh aromatic.


T = 8030K

1000/ T = 1000/803 = 1,245

Tra th ph lc [1] ta c K1 = 11. 10-7 (kmol/h.pa3.kg xc tc).


Phng trnh tnh hng s cn bng phn ng:
KP1 = 9,813 . 1012 . e46,15 - 25600/T
= 9,813 . 1012 . e46,15 - 25600/803
= 14,866 . 1020 (pa3).
gim tng i hm lng naphten do phn ng thm ho (phn ng 1).

dN1
dVR1

= K 1 . PN

K1 . PA .PH3 2
= 0,0368
KP1

M VR1 = mxt 1/NC


Trong : mxt 1 = 10089,120 (kg)
NC: Lng nguyn liu vo l phn ng th nht (kmol/h).
VR1 =

10089,120 / 1686,454 =

5,9824 (kg/kmol).

Vy: N1 = 0,0368 x 5,9824 = 0,2202


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Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Lng naphten tham gia phn ng (1) l:
nN1 = 0,2202 x 1686,454 = 371,273 (kmol/h)
Vy lng naphten cn li sau phn ng (1) l.
nN1 = ( yi - N1) x NC = ( 0,381 - 0,2202 )x 1686,454 = 271,266 (kmol/h)
Hng s tc phn ng chuyn ho naphten thnh parafin (2)T = 8030K
1000/T =

1000/803 = 1,245

Tra th ph lc [2] ta cK2 = 100.10-15 (kmol/h.kg xc tc).


KP2 = 98,1-1 . 10-3 . e(4450/T)

- 7,12

= 98,1-1 . 10-3 . e(4450/803)

- 7,12

= 0,0021.10-3 [pa-1].

Do KP2 << 1 nn chng t phn ng nghch xy ra chim u th hn c.Nh vy


trong l phn ng nht th ngoi phn ng chuyn ho naphten thnh aromatic th cn
xy ra phn ng chuyn ho parafin thnh naphten.
S tng hm lng naphten trong l phn ng(2) l:

dN12
dVR = K2. PN

K 2 . PP
KP2

- 0,00206

N12 = 0,00206 x VR1 = 0,00206 x 5,9824 = 0,0123


Lng naphten to thnh do phn ng (2) l.
nN12 = 0,0123 x 1686,454 = 20,760
Lng naphten cn li sau phn ng (1) v (2) l.
nN12 = ( yN1 - NN1 + NN12 ) . NC = ( 0,381 - 0,2202 + 0,0123) x 1686,454
= 292,026 (kmol/h).

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Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Bng 9: Cn bng ho hc cho l phn ng th nht.
Lng cht tham gia phn ng (kmol/h)

Lng sn phm (kmol/h)

371,273 CnH2n

371,273 CnH2n

20,760CnH2n+2

- 6

+ 371,273x 3H2

20,760CnH2n + 20,760H2

Bng 10: Tnh lng cht dng vo v dng ra ca l phn ng th nht.


Cu t

Lng vo(kmol/h)

Lng ra (kmol/h)

829,735

829,735 - 20,76 = 808,975

642,539

642,539 - 371,273 + 20,76 = 292,026

214,180

214,180 + 371,273 = 585,453

Tng

1686,454

1686,454

Bng 11: Tnh lng kh tun hon.


H2

4216,135

4216,135 + 371,273x3 + 20,76 = 5350,714

CH4

196,099

196,099

C2H6

245,124

245,124

C3H8

147,075

147,075

C4H10

49,025

49,025

C5H12

49,025

49,025

Tng

4902,483

6037,062

Lng kh tun hon:


( 5350,714 + 686,348 )x 5,637 = 34030,918 (kg/h)
Lng hydrocacbon trong kh tun hon l:
215594,945 - 34030,18 = 181564,027 (kg/h)
Vy ta c phng trnh sau:
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Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
585,453x(14n - 6) + 292,026x14n + 808,975x(14n + 2) = 181564,027
suy ra

MP = 14n +2

n = 7,7703
MA = 14n - 6

= 14 x 7,7703 - 6

MN = 14n

= 14 x 7,7703

= 14 x 7,7703 + 2

= 102,784
= 108,784

= 110,784

Bng 12: Lng kh tun hon ra khi l phn ng th nht.


Cu t

Mi

ni (kmol/h)

H2

CH4

y'i = n'i/ni

Miy'i

5350,714

0,8863

1,773

16

196,099

0,0325

0,520

C2H6

30

245,124

0,0406

1,218

C3H8

44

147,075

0,0244

1,074

C4H10

58

49,025

0,0081

0,469

C5H12

72

49,025

0,0081

0,583

Tng

6037,062

1,0000

5,637

Bng 13: Cn bng vt cht ca l phn ng th nht.


Cu t

ni (kmol/h)

yi

Mi

Gi = M i . n i

u vo
P

829,735

0,1259

110,780

91918,043

642,539

0,0975

108,780

69895,392

214,180

0,0325

102,780

22013,420

H2

4216,135

0,6399

6,480

27320,555

P*

686,348

0,1042

6,480

4447,535

Tng

6588,937

1,0000

215594,945

110,784

89621,486

u ra
P

808,975

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0,1050

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Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
N

292,026

0,0378

108,784

31767,756

585,453

0,0758

102,784

60175,201

H2

5350,714

0,6930

5,637

30161,975

P*

686,348

0,0889

5,637

3868,944

Tng

7723,516

1,0000

215594,945

3.2.

Tnh cn bng nhit lng

Ta c phng trnh cn bng nhit lng:


Q11 + Q21 = Q31 + Q41 + Q51 + Q61
Trong :
Q11: Nhit lng hn hp kh nguyn liu v kh tun hon mang vo (kj/h)
Q21: Nhit lng do xc tc mang vo l phn ng (kj/h)
Q31: Nhit lng do kh sn phm v kh tun hon mang ra khi l phn ng
(kj/h).
Q41: Nhit lng do xc tc mang ra khi l phn ng (kj/h);
Q51: Nhit lng tn tht do phn ng reforming (kj/h).
Q61: Nhit lng mt mt ra mi trng bn ngoi (kj/h).
Tnh Q21:
Q21 = mXT . q21 = mXT. CPxt .T
Trong :
q21 = CPxt .T : hm nhit xc tc (kj/h)
CPxt: nhit dung ring ca xc tc nhit T(0K)
CPxt = a0 + a1.T - a2. T -2 (kj/kgh)
Tra s tay ho l CPxt(Al203)
CPxt = 22,08 + 8,971.10-3 .T - 5,225. 105T -2
Ti nhit T = 8030K thay vo ta c
CPxt = 28,473 (kcal/kmol) = 1,1685 (kj/kg.0K)
q21 = CPxt.T = 1,1685 x 803 = 938,3055(kj/kg)
Vy Q21 = mxt 1 .q21 = 10089,12 x 938,3055 = 9466676,786 (kj/h)
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Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Tnh Q41: Gi thit nhit ti l phn ng th nht gim iT = 700K
Q41 = mXT2. CPxt .T
Trong : mxt2 lng xc tc ra khi l phn ng th nht.
CPxt: Nhit dung ring xc tc T = 803 - 70 = 7330K
CPxt = 22,08 + 8,91.10-3 x 733 - 5,225.105x(733)-2 = 28,654 (kcal/kmol.0K)
CPxt = 1,1759 (kj/kg.0K)
Q41 = mxt 1CPxt.T = 10089,12 x 1,1759 x 733 = 8696162,62 (kj/h)
Tnh Q11: Ta cn xc nh entanpi ca dng hi nguyn liu ca vo ca l
phn ng th nht.
S liu entanpi ca H2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12 tra s tay ho l.
xc nh entanpi ca aromatic, naphten, parafin, ta da vo trng lngphn t trung
bnh ca cc cu t
Bng 14: T trng ca cc cu t.
298
298

Cu t
u vo

u ra

0,733

0,737

0,721

0,733

0,718

0,722

tnh hiu ng nhit ca cc phn ng ta dng cng thc sau:


qP = - 355.b
Trong : b. hiu sut to hydro tinh khit theo khi lng nguyn liu ban u (%
kl).
NH2 = 5350,714 - 4216,135 = 1134,579 (kmol/h)
GH2 = MH2 .1134,579 = 1134,579 x 2 = 2269,158 (kg/h)
b = GH2100%/GC = 2269,158 x 100%/183823,529 = 1,23%
Vy qp = - 355 . b = - 355 x 1,23 = - 436,65 (KJ/kg)
Nhit lng do hm hp nguyn liu v kh tun hon mang vo l phn ng th
nht.
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Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Q11 = Gc . qtr1 = 1908,71x 215594,945 = 411508227,5 (kj/h)

Bng 15: Entanpi ca hn hp hi vo l phn ng th nht.


Cu t

Mi

ni

y'i =
ni/ ni

Mi.y'i

yi =
Miy'/Miy'i

Entanpi
qt

qtyi

(KJ/kg)

(KJ/h)

H2

4216,135

0,6400

1,280

0,0319

7700

301,07

CH4

16

196,099

0,0298

0,477

0,0146

1618

23,62

C2H6

30

245,124

0,0371

1,113

0,0339

1434

48,76

C3H8

44

147,075

0,0223

0,981

0,0300

1405

42,15

C4H10

58

49,025

0,0074

0,432

0,0132

1400

18,48

C5H12

72

49,025

0,0074

0,536

0,0160

1392

22,27

102,78 214,180

0,0325

3,340

0,1020

1715

174,93

108,78 642,539

0,0975

10,606

0,3240

1704

552,10

110,78 829,735

0,1226

13,958

0,4260

170,3

725,48

6588,937 1,0000

32,723

1,0000

1908,71

Tng

Tnh Q61. Nhit lng mt mt ra mi trng bn ngoi.


Q61 = 0,01 x(Q11 + Q 21) = 0,01x(9466676,786 + 411508227,5)
= 4209749,04 (kj/h)
Tnh Q51. Nhit lng tiu tn do phn ng reforming.
Q51 = Gc.qP = 436,65 x 183823,529 = 80266543,94 (kj/h).
Tnh Q31 . Nhit lng do sn phm v kh tun hon mang ra.
Q31 = Q11 + Q21 - Q41 - Q51 - Q61
Q31 =

411508227,5 + 9466676,786 - 8696162,62 - 80266543,94


- 4209749,04 = 335602448,4(kj/h)

Q31 = 335602448,4 (kj/h); m ta c Q31 = 215594,945 qtr1


qtr1 = 1556,634 (kj/h)
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Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
qtr1: hm nhit ca sn phm v kh tun hon mang ra.
Bng 16: Cn bng nhit lng ca l phn ng th nht .
Dng

Nhit (oK)

Lng (Kg/h)

Entanpi (KJ/kg) Nhit lng(KJ/h)

Dng vo
Q11

803

Q21

803

Tng

---

215594,945

1908,710

411508227,5
9466676,8

---

---

420974904,3

1556,634

335602448,4

Dng ra
Q31

733

215594,945

Q41

733

8696162,7

Q51

733

80266543,9

Q61

4209749,3

Tng

---

---

---

420974904,3

4. Tnh ton cho l th 2


4.1.

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht


Bng 17: Thnh phn cc cu t ca l phn ng th hai.
Cu t

nc (kmol/h)

yC2i = nci/nc2i

Cn H2n + 2

808,975

0,4797

Cn H2n

292,026

0,1732

Cn H2n - 6

585,453

0,3471

Tng

1686,454

1,0000

gim p sut gia cc l phn ng thng 0,15 0,35 (kg/cm2). Chn gim
p sut l phn ng th hai l 0,2 (kg/cm2). Khi p sut chung ca hn hp kh
nguyn liu vo l phn ng th hai l:
P2 = 3,5 - 0,2 = 3,3 (kg/cm2) = 3,3 x 98067 = 323621,1 (pa)

BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

Page 15

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Bng 18: Thnh phn p sut.
Cu t

y'i = ni/ ni

Pi = 323621,1. y'i (Pa)

0,105

33980,22

0,037

11973,98

0,076

24595,20

H2

0,693

224269,42

P*

0,089

28802,28

Tng

1,000

323621,10

Hng s tc phn ng chuyn ho naphten thnh aromatic.


Ta c nhit u vo ca l phn ng th hai l T = 8030K
T = 8030K

1000/ T = 1000/803 = 1,245

Tra th ph lc [1] ta c K1 = 11. 10-7 (kmol/h.pa3.kg xc tc).


Phng trnh tnh hng s cn bng phn ng:
KP1 = 9,813 . 1012 . e46,15 - 25600/T
= 9,813 . 1012 . e46,15 - 25600/803
= 14,866 . 1020 (pa3).
gim tng i hm lng naphten do phn ng thm ho:

dN12
dVR2

= K 1 . PN

K1 . PA .PH3 = 0,01317
2
KP1

M VR2 = m2/NC
Trong :
mxt2 : lng xc tc vo l phn ng th hai; mxt2 = 15133,68 (kg)
NC: Lng nguyn liu vo l phn ng th hai (kmol/h).
VR2 =

15133,68/1686,454 = 8,974 (kg/kmol).

Vy N21 = 0,01317 x 8,974 = 0,1185 (kmol/h)


Lng naphten tham gia phn ng (1) l:
BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

Page 16

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
nN12 = 0,1185 x 1686,454 = 199,845 (kmol/h)
Hng s tc phn ng chuyn ho naphten thnh parafin T = 803 0K
Tra th ph lc [2] ta cK2 = 100.10-15 (kmol/h.Pa2 kg xc tc).
KP2 = 98,1-1 . 10-3 . e(4450/T)

- 7,12

= 98,1-1 . 10-3 . e(4450/803)

dN22
= K 2 . PN
dVR2

- 7,12

K 2 . PP
KP2

= 0,0021.10-3 [pa-1].

= - 0,0017

Do KP2 << 1 nn hm lng naphten tng do phn ng nghch xy ra chim u


th.
Suy ra

NN22 = 0,0017 x VR2 = 0,0017 x 8,974 = 0,0153.

Hm lng naphten tng do phn ng (2) l:


nN22 = 0,0153 x1686,454 = 25,803.
Bng 19: Cn bng ho hc ca l phn ng th hai.
Lng cht tham gia phn ng (kmol/h)
199,845 CnH2n
25,803 CnH2n+2

Lng sn phm (kmol/h)


199,845 CnH2n

- 6

+ 199,845x 3H2

25,803 CnH2n + 25,803 H2

Bng 20: Tnh lng cht dng vo v dng ra ca l phn ng th hai.


Cu t

Lng vo(kmol/h)

Lng ra (kmol/h)

808,975

808,975 - 25,803 = 783,172

292,026

292,026 + 25,803 - 199,845 = 117,984

585,453

585,453 + 199,845 = 785,298

Tng

1686,454

1686,454

BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

Page 17

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Bng 21: Tnh lng kh tun hon.
H2

5350,714

5350,714 + 199,845x3 + 25,803= 5976,052

CH4

196,099

196,099

C2H6

245,124

245,124

C3H8

147,075

147,075

C4H10

49,025

49,025

C5H12

49,025

49,025

Tng

6037,062

6662,400

Bng 22: Kh tun hon ra khi l phn ng th hai.


Cu t

Mi

ni (kmol/h)

y'i = n'i/ni

Miy'i

H2

5976,052

0,8970

1,794

CH4

16

196,099

0,0294

0,470

C2H6

30

245,124

0,0368

1,104

C3H8

44

147,075

0,0220

0,968

C4H10

58

49,025

0,0074

0,429

C5H12

72

49,025

0,0074

0,533

Tng

6662,400

1,0000

5,299

Lng kh tun hon:


(5976,052 + 686,348) x 5,299 = 35304,058 (kg/h)
Lng hydrocacbon trong kh tun hon l:
215594,945 - 35304,058 = 180290,887 (kg/h)
Vy ta c phng trnh sau;
785,298 x(14n - 6) + 117,984 x14n + 783,172 x(14n + 2) = 186746,753
suy ra

n = 7,769
MA = 14n - 6

= 14x 7,769 - 6

= 102,766

MN = 14n

= 14 x 7,769

= 108,766

BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

Page 18

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
MP = 14n +2

= 14 x7,769+ 2

= 110,766

Bng 23: Cn bng vt cht ca l phn ng th hai.


Cu t

ni (kmol/h)

yi

Mi

Gi = M i . n i

u vo
P

808,975

0,105

110,784

89621,487

292,026

0,039

108,784

31767,756

585,453

0,076

102,784

60175,202

H2

5350,714

0,692

5,637

30161,976

P*

686,348

0,088

5,637

3868,944

Tng

7723,516

1,000

215594,945

0,094

110,766

86748,30

u ra
P

783,172

117,984

0,014

108,766

12832,648

785,298

0,094

102,766

80701,934

H2

5976,052

0,716

5,299

31667,099

P*

686,348

0,082

5,299

3636,956

Tng

8348,854

1,000

4.2.

215594,922

Tnh ton cn bng nhit lng

Ta c phng trnh cn bng nhit lng:


Q12 + Q22 = Q32 + Q42 + Q52 + Q62
Trong :
Q12: Nhit lng hn hp kh nguyn liu v kh tun hon mang vo (kj/h)
Q22: Nhit lng do xc tc mang vo l phn ng (kj/h)
Q32: Nhit lng do kh sn phm v kh tun hon mang ra (kj/h).
Q42: Nhit lng do xc tc mang ra khi l phn ng (kj/h);
Q52: Nhit lng tn tht do phn ng reforming (kj/h).
Q62: Nhit lng mt mt ra mi trng bn ngoi (kj/h).
Tnh Q22:
BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

Page 19

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Nhit lng Q22 do xc tc mang vo l phn ng th hai chnh l nhit lng
do xc tc mang ra khi l phn ng th nht.
Q22 = Q41 = 8696162,62 (kj/h)
Tnh Q42
Gi thit nhit ti l phn ng th hai gim iT = 600K
Q42 = mXT2. CPxt .T
Trong : mxt2 lng xc tc ra khi l phn ng th hai.
CPxt: nhit dung ring xc tc T = 803 - 60 = 7430K
CPxt = 22,08 + 8,91.10-3 x 743 - 5,225.105x(743)-2 = 27,80 (kcal/kmol.0K)
CPxt = 27,80 x 4,186 /102 = 1,1409 (kcal/kg0K)
Q42 = mxt2CPxt.T = 15133,68 x 1,1409 x 743 = 12828649,53 (kj/h)
Tnh Q12: Ta cn xc nh entanpi ca dng hi nguyn liu ca vo l phn
ng th hai.
Bng 24: Entanpi ca hn hp hi vo l phn ng th hai .

Cu t

Mi

ni

y'i =
ni/ ni

Mi.y'i

Entanpi

yi =
Miy'/Miy'i

qt

qtyi

(KJ/kg)

(KJ/h)

H2

5350,714

0,6928

1,387

0,0497

7700

382,69

CH4

16

196,099

0,0254

0,406

0,0146

1618

23,62

C2H6

30

245,124

0,0317

0,951

0,0341

1434

48,90

C3H8

44

147,075

0,0190

0,836

0,0299

1405

42,01

C4H10

58

49,025

0,0063

0,359

0,0129

1400

18,06

C5H12

72

49,025

0,0063

0,454

0,0163

1392

22,69

102,784 585,453

0,0758

7,791

0,2793

1715

479,00

108,784 292,026

0,0378

4,112

0,1474

1704

251,17

110,784 808,975

0,1047

11,599

0,4158

1703

708,11

1,0000

27,894

1,0000

Tng

7723,516

1976,25

tnh hiu ng nhit ca cc phn ng ta dng cng thc sau:


BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

Page 20

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
qP = - 355.b
Trong : b. hiu sut to hydro tinh khit theo khi lng nguyn liu ban u (%
kl).
NH2 = 5976,052 - 5350,714 = 625,338 (kmol/h)
GH2 = MH2 . 625,338 = 2 x 625,338 = 1250,676 (kg/h)
b = GH2 100%/GC = (1250,676 x100%)/183823,529 = 0,68%
Vy qp = - 355 . b = - 355 x 0,68 = - 241,40 (KJ/kg)
Nhit do hm hp nguyn liu v kh tun hon mang vo l phn ng th hai.
Q12 = 216538,301 x 1976,25 = 426069508,10 (kj/h)
Tnh Q62. Nhit mt mt ra mi trng bn ngoi.
Q62 = 0,01 x(Q22 + Q 21) = 0,01x (426069508,10 + 8696162,62)
= 5130356,71 (kj/h)
Tnh Q52. Nhit lng tiu tn do phn ng reforming.
Q52 = Gc.qP = 183823,529 x 241,40 = 44374999,90 (kj/h).
Tnh Q32 . Nhit lng do sn phm v kh tun hon mang ra.
Q32 = Q12 + Q22 - Q42 - Q52 - Q62
Q32 = 426069508,10 + 8.696.162,62 - 12828649,53 - 44374999,90
- 5130356,71 = 326258455,6 (kj/h)
Q32 = 215594,922 qtr2
qtr2 = 1513,294 (kj/h)
qtr2: hm nhit ca sn phm v kh tun hon mang ra.
Bng 25: Cn bng nhit lng ca l phn ng th hai .
Dng

Nhit (oK)

Lng (Kg/h)

Entanpi (KJ/kg)

Nhit lng (KJ/h)

Dng vo
Q12

803

Q22

803

Tng
BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

215594,945

1976,25

426069508,10
8696162,62
434765670,70

Page 21

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Dng ra
Q32

743

215594,922

1513,294

326258455,6

Q42

743

12828649,53

Q52

743

44374999,90

Q62

743

5130356,71

Tng

434765670,70

5. Tnh ton cho l th 3


5.1.

Tnh cn bng vt cht


Bng 26: Thnh phn cc cu t ca l phn ng th ba.
Cu t

nc (kmol/h)

Cn H2n + 2

783,172

0,464

Cn H2n

117,984

0,070

Cn H2n - 6

785,298

0,466

Tng

1686,454

1,000

yC2i = nci/nc2i

gim p sut gia cc l phn ng thng 0,15 0,35 (kg/cm2). Chn gim
p sut l phn ng th ba l 0,2 (kg/cm2). Khi p sut chung ca hn hp kh
nguyn liu vo l phn ng th ba l:
P3 = 3,3 - 0,2 = 3,1 (kg/cm2) = 3,1 x 98067 = 304007,7(pa)
Bng 27: Thnh phn p sut.
Cu t

y'i

Pi = 304007,7y'i (Pa)

0,0938

28515,922

0,0141

4286,509

0,0941

28607,125

H2

0,7158

217608,712

P*

0,0822

24989,433

Tng

1,0000

304007,700

BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

Page 22

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR

Hng s tc phn ng chuyn ho naphten thnh aromatic.


Ta c nhit u vo ca l phn ng th ba l T = 8030K
T = 8030K

1000/ T = 1000/803 = 1,245

Tra th ph lc [1] ta c K1 = 11. 10-7 (kmol/h.pa3.kg xc tc).


Phng trnh tnh hng s cn bng phn ng:
KP1 = 9,813 . 1012 . e46,15 - 25600/T
= 9,813 . 1012 . e46,15 - 25600/803
= 14,866 . 1020 (pa3).
gim tng i hm lng naphten do phn ng thm ho:

dN13
= K 1 . PN
dVR3

3
K1 . PA .PH
2
= 0,004715
KP1

M VR3 = mxt3/NC
Trong :
mxt3 : lng xc tc vo l phn ng th ba; mxt3 = 25222,8 (kg)
NC: Lng nguyn liu vo l phn ng th ba (kmol/h).
VR3 = 14,956 (kg/kmol).
Vy N13 = 14,956 x 0,004715 = 0,07052 (kmol/h)
Lng naphten tham gia phn ng (1) l:
nN13 = NC x 0,07052 = 0,07052 x 1686,454 = 118,929 (kmol/h)
Hng s tc phn ng chuyn ho naphten thnh parafin T = 803 0K
Tra th ph lc [2] ta cK2 = 100.10-15 (kmol/h.Pa2 kg xc tc).
KP2 = 98,1-1 . 10-3 . e(4450/T)

- 7,12

= 98,1-1 . 10-3 . e(4450/803)

- 7,12

= 0,0021.10-3 [pa-1].

Do KP2 << 1 nn hm lng naphten tng do phn ng nghch xy ra chim u


th.
BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

Page 23

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR

Suy ra

N N23 = 0,001358x 14,956 = 0,0203

Hm lng naphten to thnh do phn ng (2) l.


nN23 = 0,0203 x 1686,454 = 34,235 (kmol/h)
Lng naphten sau phn ng (1) v (2) l.
nN23 = (yN3 - NN13 + NN23)Nc = (0,070 - 0,07052 + 0,0203)x1686,454
= 33,29 ( kmol/h)
Bng 28: Cn bng ho hc ca l phn ng th ba.
Lng cht tham gia phn ng (kmol/h)

Lng sn phm (kmol/h)

118,929 CnH2n

118,929 CnH2n

34,235 CnH2n+2

- 6

+118,929 x 3H2

34,235 CnH2n + 34,235 H2

Bng 29: Tnh lng cht dng vo v dng ra l phn ng th ba.


Cu t

Lng vo(kmol/h)

Lng ra (kmol/h)

783,172

783,172 - 34,235 = 748,937

117,984

117,984 - 118,929 + 34,235 = 33,29

785,298

785,298 + 118,929 = 904,227

Tng

1686,454

1686,454

Lng khi tun hon l: (6367.074 + 686,348 ) x 5,102 = 35986,559 (kg/h)


Lng hydrocacbon trong kh tun hon:
215594,922 - 35986,559 = 179608,363 (kg/h)
Vy ta c phng trnh sau;
904,227x(14n - 6) + 33,29x14n + 748,937x(14n + 2) = 179608,363
BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

Page 24

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
suy ra

n = 7,774

MA = 14n - 6 = 14x - 6 = 14 x 7,774 - 6 = 102,836


MN = 14n = 14 x 7,774 = 108,836
MP = 14n +2 = 14x + 2 = 14 x 7,774 + 2 = 110,836
Bng 30: Tnh lng kh tun hon.
H2

5976,052

5976,052 + 3x118,929 +34,235 = 6367.074

CH4

196,099

196,099

C2H6

245,124

245,124

C3H8

147,075

147,075

C4H10

49,025

49,025

C5H12

49,025

49,025

Tng

6662,400

7053,422

Bng 31: Kh tun hon ra khi l phn ng th ba.


Cu t

Mi

ni (kmol/h)

y'i = n'i/ni

Miy'i

H2

6367,074

0,9030

1,806

CH4

16

196,099

0,0277

0,443

C2H6

30

245,124

0,0347

1,041

C3H8

44

147,075

0,0208

0,915

C4H10

58

49,025

0,0069

0,400

C5H12

72

49,025

0,0069

0,497

Tng

7053,422

1,0000

5,102

BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

Page 25

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Bng 32: Cn bng vt cht ca l phn ng th ba.
Cu t

ni (kmol/h)

yi

Mi

Gi = Mi . ni

u vo
P

783,172

0,094

110,766

86748,30

117,984

0,014

108,766

12832,648

785,298

0,094

102,766

80701,934

H2

5976,052

0,716

5,299

31667,099

P*

686,348

0,082

5,299

3636,956

Tng

8348,854

1,000

215594,922

u ra
P

748,937

0,0857

110,836

83009,181

33,29

0,0037

108,836

3623,150

904,227

0,1035

102,836

92987,088

H2

6367,074

0,7285

5,102

32484,812

P*

686,348

0,0785

5,102

3439,976

Tng

8739,874

1,0000

5.2.

215594,207

Tnh cn bng nhit lng

Ta c phng trnh cn bng nhit lng:


Q13 + Q23 = Q33 + Q43 + Q53 + Q63
Trong :
Q13: Nhit lng hn hp kh nguyn liu v kh tun hon mang vo (kj/h)
Q23: Nhit lng do xc tc mang vo l phn ng (kj/h)
Q33: Nhit lng do kh sn phm v kh tun hon mang ra (kj/h).
Q43: Nhit lng do lng xc tc mang ra khi l phn ng (kj/h);
Q53: Nhit lng tn tht do phn ng reforming (kj/h).
Q63: Nhit lng mt mt ra mi trng bn ngoi (kj/h).

BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

Page 26

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Tnh Q23: Nhit lng Q23 do xc tc mang vo l phn ng th ba chnh l
nhit lng do xc tc mang ra khi l phn ng hai.
Q23 = Q42 = 12828649,53 (kj/h)
Tnh Q43 Gi thit nhit ti l phn ng th ba gim iT = 500K
Q43 = mXT3. CPxt .T
Trong : mxt3 lng xc tc ra khi l phn ng th ba.
CPxt: nhit dung ring xc tc T = 803 - 50 = 7530K
CPxt = 22,08 + 8,91.10-3 x 753 - 5,225.105x(753)-2 = 27,9137 (kcal/kmol.0K)
CPxt = 27,91370 x 4,186 /102 = 1,1456 (kcal/kg0K)
Q43 = mxt3CPxt.T = 753x 1,1456 x 25222,8 = 21758115,48 (kj/h)
Tnh Q13: Ta cn xc nh entanpi ca dng hi nguyn liu ca vo ca l
phn ng th ba.
Bng 34: Entanpi ca hn hp hi vo l phn ng th ba.

Cu t

Mi

y'i =

ni

ni/ ni

Mi.y'i

Entanpi

yi =
Miy'/Miy'i

qt

qtyi

(KJ/kg)

(KJ/h)

H2

5976,052

0,7158

1,4344

0,0558

7700

429,66

CH4

16

196,099

0,0235

0,3728

0,0145

1618

23,46

C2H6

30

245,124

0,0294

0,8760

0,0342

1434

49,04

C3H8

44

147,075

0,0176

0,7700

0,0299

1405

42,01

C4H10

58

49,025

0,0059

0,3422

0,0133

1400

18,62

C5H12

72

49,025

0,0059

0,4248

0,0165

1392

22,97

102,766

785,298

0,094

9,7853

0,3807

1709

650,62

108,766 117,984

0,0141

1,4034

0,0546

1702

92,93

110,766 783,172

0,0938

10,292

0,4005

1698

680,05

1,0000

25,701

1,0000

2009,36

Tng

8348,854

tnh hiu ng nhit ca cc phn ng ta dng cng thc sau:


qP = - 355.b
BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

Page 27

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Trong : b. hiu sut to hydro tinh khit theo khi lng nguyn liu ban u (% kl).
NH2 = 6019,750 - 5976,052 = 43,698 (kmol/h)
GH2 = MH2 . 43,698 = 2x 43,698 = 87,396 (kg/h)
b = GH2 100%/G = (87,396 x100%)/183823,529 = 0,0475%
Vy

qp = - 355 . b = - 355 x 0,0475 = 16,863 (KJ/kg)

Nhit lng do hm hp nguyn liu v kh tun hon mang vo l phn ng th


ba.
Q13 = GC. qP = 2009,36 x215594,207 = 433207858,70 (kj/h)
Tnh Q63: Nhit lng mt mt ra mi trng bn ngoi.
Q63 = 0,01 x(Q13 + Q 23) = 0,01x (433207858,70 + 12828649,53)
= 4460365,08 (kj/h)
Tnh Q53: Nhit lng tiu tn do phn ng reforming.
Q53 = Gc.qP = 16,863 x 183823,529 = 3099816,14 (kj/h).
Tnh Q33 : Nhit lng do sn phm v kh tun hon mang ra.
Q33 = Q13 + Q23 - Q43 - Q53 - Q63
Q33 = 433207858,70 + 12828649,53 - 21758115,48 - 3099816,17
- 4460365,08 = 416718211,50 (kj/h)
Q33 = 215594,922 qtr3
qtr3 = 1932,88 (kj/h)
qtr3: hm nhit ca sn phm v kh tun hon mang ra.
Bng 35: Cn bng nhit lng ca l phn ng th ba .
Dng

Nhit (oK)

Lng (Kg/h)

Entanpi (KJ/kg) Nhit lng(KJ/h)

Dng vo
Q13

803

Q23

803

Tng

215594,922

2009,36

433207858,70
12828649,53

446036508,20

1932,88

416718211,50

Dng ra
Q33

753

BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

215594,207

Page 28

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Q43

753

21758115,48

Q53

753

3099816,14

Q63

753

4460365,08

Tng

446036508,20

6. Tnh ton cho l th 4


6.1.

Tnh cn bng vt cht


Bng 36: Thnh phn cc cu t ca l phn ng th t.
Cu t

nc (kmol/h)

YC2i = nci/nc2i

Cn H2n + 2

748,937

0,4441

Cn H2n

33,290

0,0197

Cn H2n - 6

904,227

0,5362

Tng

1686,454

1,0000

gim p sut gia cc l phn ng thng 0,15 0,35 (kg/cm2). Chn gim
p sut l phn ng th t l 0,2 (kg/cm2). Khi p sut chung ca hn hp kh
nguyn liu vo l phn ng th t l:
P4 = 3,1 - 0,2 = 2,9 (kg/cm2) = 2,9 x 98067 = 284394,3(pa)

Bng 37: Thnh phn p sut.


Cu t

y'i

Pi =284394,30. y'i (Pa)

0,0857

24372,59

0,0038

1080,76

0,1035

29434,81

H2

0,7285

207181,25

P*

0,0785

22324,96

Tng

1,0000

284394,30

BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

Page 29

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Hng s tc phn ng chuyn ho naphten thnh aromatic.
Ta c nhit u vo l phn ng th t l T= 8030K
T = 8030K

1000/ T = 1000/803 = 1,245

Tra th ph lc [1] ta c K1 = 11. 10-7 (kmol/h.pa3.kg xc tc).


Phng trnh tnh hng s cn bng phn ng:
KP1 = 9,813 . 1012 . e46,15 - 25600/T
= 9,813 . 1012 . e46,15 - 25600/803
= 14,866 . 1020 (pa3).
gim tng i hm lng naphten do phn ng thm ho:

dN14
dVR4

= K 1 . PN

K1 . PA .PH3
2
= 0,00119
KP1

M VR4 = mxt4/NC
Trong :
mxt4 : lng xc tc vo l phn ng th t; mxt4 = 50445,60 (kg)
NC: Lng nguyn liu vo l phn ng th t (kmol/h).
VR4 = 50445,60 /1686,454 = 29,912 (kg/kmol).
Vy

N14 = 0,00119 x VR4 = 0,00119 x 29,912 = 0,0356 (kmol/h)

Lng naphten tham gia phn ng (1) l:


nN14 = NC x 0,0356 = 0,0356 x1686,454 = 60,038 (kmol/h)
Hng s tc phn ng chuyn ho naphten thnh parafin T = 803 0K
Tra th ph lc [2] ta cK2 = 100.10-15 (kmol/h.Pa2 kg xc tc).
Phng trnh tnh hng s cn bng phn ng:
KP2 = 98,1-1 . 10-3 . e(4450/T)

- 7,12

= 98,1-1 . 10-3 . e(4450/803)

BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

- 7,12

= 0,0021.10-3 [pa-1].

Page 30

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Do KP2 << 1 nn hm lng naphten tng do phn ng nghch xy ra chim u
th.

dN24
= K 2 . PN
dVR4
Suy ra

K 2 . PP
KP2

= - 0,00116

N N24 = 0,00116 x VR4 = 0,00116 x 29,912 = 0,0347 (kmol/h)

Hm lng naphten to thnh do phn ng (2) l:


nN42 = 0,0347 x 1686,454 = 58,520 (kmol/h)
Hng s tc phn ng hydrocracking parafin (3) l
T = 8030K

1000/ T = 1000/803 = 1,245

Tra th ph lc [3] ta c K3 = 0,038 (kmol/h.Pa.kg xc tc)


S gim tng i hm lng parafin do phn ng th (3) l.

dN N34
dVR4

K 3 . PP
P

= 0,00326

Suy ra N34 = 0,00326 x VR4 = 0,00326 x 29,912 = 0,0975 (kmol/h)


Lng parafin tham gia phn ng (3) l.
nNP4 = 0,0975 x NC = 0,0975 x 1686,454 = 164,429 (kmol/h).
Lng parafin cn li sau phn ng (2) v (3) l.
nN P4 = ( yC4 - NN34 - NN24 ).NC = (0,4441 - 0,0975 - 0,0347)x1686,454
= 526,005 (kmol/h)
Bng 38: Cn bng ho hc ca l phn ng th t.
Lng cht tham gia phn ng (kmol/h)
60,038CnH2n

Lng sn phm (kmol/h)


60,038 CnH2n

- 6

+ 60,038x3H2

58,520 CnH2n+2

58,520 CnH2n + 58,520 H2

164,429 CnH2n+2 + 164,429 (n-3)/3H2

164,429 (n/15).(CH4+C2H6 + ... +C5H12)

Lng hydro tiu hao cho phn ng (3) l.


BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

Page 31

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
NH2 = 164,429 x n/3 =164,429 x(7,774 - 3)/3 = 261,661 (kmol/h).
Lng kh hydrocacbon sinh ra trong l phn ng th t l.
RH = 164,429 x n/15 = 164,429 x 7,774 /15 = 85,218 (kmol/h).
Bng 39: Tnh lng cht dng vo v dng ra ca l phn ng th t.
Cu t

Lng vo(kmol/h)

Lng ra (kmol/h)

748,937

748,937 - 58,520 - 164,429 = 529,988

33,290

33,290 - 60,038 + 58,520 = 31,772

904,227

904,227 + 60,038 = 964,265

Tng

1686,454

1526,025

Bng 40: Kh tun hon.


H2

6367,074

6367,074+60,038x3+58,520-261,661 = 6344,047

CH4

196,099

196,099 + 85,218 = 281,317

C2H6

245,124

245,124 + 85,218 = 330,342

C3H8

147,075

147,075 + 85,218 = 232,293

C4H10

49,025

49,025 + 85,218 = 134,243

C5H12

49,025

49,025 + 85,218 = 134,243

Tng

7053,422

7456,485

Bng 41: Kh tun hon ra khi l phn ng th t.


Cu t

Mi

ni (kmol/h)

y'i = n'i/ni

Miy'i

H2

6344,047

0,851

1,702

CH4

16

281,317

0,038

0,608

C2H6

30

330,342

0,044

1,320

C3H8

44

330,342

0,0311

1,364

C4H10

58

232,293

0,018

1,044

C5H12

72

134,243

0,018

1,296

BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

Page 32

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
Tng

7456,485

1,0000

7,334

Lng kh tun hon l:


(1112,438 + 6344,047) x 7,334 = 5485,861 (kg/h)
Lng hydrocacbon trong kh tun hon l:
215594,207 - 5485,861 = 160908,346 (kg/h)
Vy ta c phng trnh sau;
964,265 x(14n - 6) + 31,772 x14n + 529,988x(14n + 2) = 160908,346
suy ra

n = 7,7528

MA = 14n - 6

= 14 x 7,7528 - 6 = 102,529

MN = 14n

= 14 x7,7528

= 108,529

MP = 14n +2

= 14 x7,7528 + 2

= 110,529

Bng 42: Cn bng vt cht ca l phn ng th t.


Cu t

ni (kmol/h)

yi

Mi

Gi = Mi . ni

u vo
P

748,937

0,0857

110,836

83009,181

33,29

0,0037

108,836

3623,150

904,227

0,1035

102,836

92987,088

H2

6367,074

0,7285

5,102

32484,812

P*

686,348

0,0785

5,102

3439,976

Tng

8739,874

1,0000

215594,207

u ra
P

529,988

0,0591

110,529

58584,344

31,772

0,0035

108,529

3448,501

964,265

0,1073

102,529

98874,769

H2

6344,047

0,7063

7,334

46527,241

P*

1112,438

0,1238

7,334

8158,620

Tng

8982,510

1,0000

BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

215593,475

Page 33

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
6.2.

Tnh cn bng nhit lng

Ta c phng trnh cn bng nhit lng:


Q14 + Q24 = Q34 + Q44 + Q54 + Q64
Trong :
Q14: Nhit do hn hp kh nguyn liu v kh tun hon mang vo (kj/h)
Q24: Nhit lng do xc tc mang vo l phn ng (kj/h)
Q34: Nhit do kh sn phm v kh tun hon mang ra (kj/h).
Q44: Nhit do lng xc tc mang ra khi l phn ng (kj/h);
Q54: Nhit tn tht do phn ng reforming (kj/h).
Q64: Nhit mt mt (kj/h).
Tnh Q24:
Nhit lng Q24 do xc tc mang vo l phn ng th t chnh l nhit lng do
xc tc mang ra khi l phn ng ba.
Q24 = Q43 = 21758115,48 (kj/h)
Tnh Q44 Gi thit nhit ti l phn ng th t gim iT = 400K
Q44 = mXT4. CPxt .T
Trong : mxt4 lng xc tc ra khi l phn ng th t.
CPxt: nhit dung ring xc tc T = 803 - 40 = 7630K
CPxt = 22,08 + 8,971.10-3 x 763 - 5,225.105x(763)-2 = 29,5 (kcal/kmol.0K)
CPxt = 29,5 x 4,186 /102 = 1,2107 (kcal/kg0K)
Q44 = mxt4CPxt.T = 1,2107 x763x50445,60 = 46599834,28 (kj/h)
Tnh Q14: Ta cn xc inh entanpi ca dng hi nguyn liu vo l phn ng
th t.
Bng 43: Entanpi ca hn hp hi vo l phn ng th t.

Cu t

Mi

ni

Y'i =
ni/ ni

Mi.y'i

yi =
Miy'/Miy'i

Entanpi
qt

qtyi

(KJ/kg)

(KJ/h)

H2

6367,074

0,7285

1,457

0,059

7700

454,30

CH4

16

196,099

0,0224

0,358

0,0145

1618

23,46

BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

Page 34

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
C2H6

30

245,124

0,0281

0,843

0,0342

1434

49,04

C3H8

44

147,075

0,0168

0,739

0,0299

1405

42,01

C4H10

58

49,025

0,0056

0,325

0,0132

1400

18,48

C5H12

72

49,025

0,0056

0,403

0,0162

1392

22,69

102,836

904,227

0,1035

10,644

0,4312

1700

733,04

108,836

33,29

0,0038

0,414

0,0168

1695

28,48

110,836 748,937

0,0857

9,499

0,3849

1690

650,48

1,0000

24,682

1,0000

2021,98

Tng

8739,874

tnh hiu ng nhit ca cc phn ng ta dng cng thc sau:


qP = - 355.b
Trong : b. hiu sut to hydro tinh khit theo khi lng nguyn liu ban u (% kl).
NH2 = 60,038 x3 + 58,520 = 238,634 (kmol/h)
GH2 = MH2 . 238,634 = 238,634 x2 = 477,268 (kg/h)
b = GH2 100%/GC = 477,268 x100%/183823,529 = 0,260 %
Vy qp = - 355 . b = - 355x 0,260 = 92,30 (KJ/kg)
Nhit do hm hp nguyn liu v kh tun hon mang vo l phn ng th t.
Q14 = GC. qP = 2021,98 x 215593,475 = 435925694,6 (kj/h)
Tnh Q64. Nhit mt mt ra mi trng bn ngoi.
Q64 = 0,01 x(Q14 + Q 24) = 0,01x ( 435925694,6 + 21758115,48)
= 4576838,10 (kj/h)
Tnh Q54: Nhit tiu tn do phn ng reforming.
Q54 = Gc.qP4 = 92,30 x183823,529 = 16966911,73 (kj/h).
Tnh Q34: nhit do sn phm v kh tun hon mang ra.
Q34 = Q14 + Q24 - Q44 - Q54 - Q64
Q34 = 435925694,6 + 21758115,48 - 46599834,28 - 16966911,73
- 4576838,10 = 389540226 (kj/h)
Q34 = 215593,475 qtr4
qtr4 = 1806,83 (kj/h)
BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

Page 35

Tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nhit lng ca cng ngh CCR
qtr4: hm nhit ca sn phm v kh tun hon mang ra.
Bng 44: Cn bng nhit lng ca l phn ng th t.
Dng

Nhit (oK)

Lng (Kg/h)

Entanpi (KJ/kg)

Nhit lng(KJ/h)

Dng vo
Q14

803

Q24

803

215594,207

2021,98

435925694,6
21758115,48

Tng

457683810,00
Dng ra

Q34

763

Q44

763

46599834,28

Q54

763

16966911,73

Q64

763

4576838,10

Tng

BTL Cng ngh Ch bin du

215593,475

1806,83

389540226

457683810,00

Page 36

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