Contents Background knowledge

Handover
Power Control

Capacity & Coverage

LTE Standard Specifications

Freely downloadable from
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/36-series.htm

Description of Specification
TS 36.1xx Equipment requirements: Terminals, base stations, and repeaters TS 36.2xx Physical layer

TS 36.3xx Layers 2 and 3: Medium access control, radio link

control, and radio resource control TS 36.4xx Infrastructure communications (UTRAN) including base

stations and mobile management entities

TS 36.5xx Conformance testing
2

System Architecture Evolution

Network Architecture

Protocol Architecture

OFDM vs SC-FDMA

Channel Bandwidth

Basic Time Unit Ts

Frame Structure

Frame Structure (cont.)

10

UL/DL Resource Grid

11

Call Connection & Channel

12

3GPP LTE Physical Channels

DL
Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH) Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM QPSK QPSK

Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH)

Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)

QPSK
BPSK

Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) Reference Signal (RS), Synchronization Signal

UL
Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)
13

BPSK, QPSK QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

3GPP LTE Transport Channels

Transport channels offer information transfer to medium access control

(MAC) and higher layers

DL
Broadcast Channel (BCH)

Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)

Paging Channel (PCH) Multicast Channel (MCH)

UL
Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH) Random Access Channel (RACH)

14

3GPP LTE Logical Channels

Logical channels are offered by the MAC layer

Control Channels: Control-plane information

Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) Paging Control Channel (PCCH)

Common Control Channel (CCCH)

Multicast Control Channel (MCCH) Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)

Traffic Channels: User-plane information

Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH) Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH)

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System Information

16

MIMO Manifestation

17

MIMO Transmission Modes

TM1: SISO (Single antenna port; port 0)
DCI format 1 or 1A

TM2: Transmit diversity (SFBC)

DCI format 1 or 1A

TM3: Transmit diversity or Open loop spatial multiplexing

DCI format 1A or 2A

TM4: Transmit diversity or Closed loop spatial multiplexing

DCI format 1A or 2

TM5: Transmit diversity or Multi User MIMO

DCI format 1A or 1D

TM6: Transmit diversity or Closed loop spatial multiplexing with 1 layer

DCI format 1A or 1B

TM7: Transmit diversity or Beam-forming (Single antenna port; port 5)

DCI format 1A or 1
18

DCI / UCI Format

19

CQI Table
[LTE CQI Table : 1/3 Turbo Coding + Rate matching(Functuring & Repetition)] [Typical Different Modulation and Coding Schemes] CQI index Modulation 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 No Trans. QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK Modulation Approximate Efficiency Order code rate bits/symbol 2 2 2 2 2 2 0.076 0.12 0.19 0.3 0.44 0.59 0.1523 0.2344 0.3770 0.6016 0.8770 1.1758 Modulation Modulation Approximate Order code rate Efficiency bits/symbol

7 8 9

16QAM 16QAM 16QAM

4 4 4

0.37 0.48 0.6

1.4766 1.9141 2.4063

QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM

2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6

1/3 1/2 2/3 4/5 1/3 1/2 2/3 4/5 1/3 1/2 2/3 4/5

0.333 0.500 0.667 0.800 0.333 0.500 0.667 0.800 0.333 0.500 0.667 0.800

0.6667 1.0000 1.3333 1.6000 1.3333 2.0000 2.6667 3.2000 2.0000 3.0000 4.0000 4.8000

10 11 12 13 14 15

64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM

6 6 6 6 6 6

0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85

2.7305 3.3223 3.9023 4.5234 5.1152 5.5547

0.93

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Downlink frame Structure

f

CH BW (3~20MHz)

DC
6RB (BW 1.4M)

1RB (180KHz)

1slot (0.5ms)

1sub frame (1ms)

1 Radio frame (10ms)

t
21

Uplink frame Structure

f

System BW

1RB (180KHz)

1slot (0.5ms)

1sub frame (1ms)

1 Radio frame (10ms)

PUCCH

PRACH
22

Handover

Outline
Handover
Classification
Procedure Interruption Time

Contents related to Handover Success

Reference Signal Positioning (PCID Planning)
Better CINR

PDCCH Aggregation Level

Robust PDCCH detection

Power Option
Enhanced Channel Estimation Ability

24

Handover Classification
Intra-RAT Handover
Intra-eNB Handover Inter-eNB Handover over X2 Inter-eNB Handover over S1 (Intra-MME)

Inter-eNB Handover over S1 (Inter-MME)

Inter-RAT Handover
CDMA2000, GERAN, UTRA, etc.

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Handover Procedure [signaling]

26

Handover Procedure [event-triggering]

27

Handover Procedure [measurement]

RSRP [dBm] : Reference Signal Received Power
Absolute value, not related to Payload

RSSI [dBm] : Received Signal Strength Indicator

Received power of center 6RB (1.08MHz) Directly proportional to Payload

RSRQ [dB] : RSRP/RSSI ratio

Inversely proportional to Payload
Using for handover of cell loading
RS carrier data carrier

RSRP [dBm] : carrier power

frequency 0 RSSI [dBm] : 6RB power (6RB=72subcarrier=1.08MHz) BW = 10MHz

28

Handover Interruption Time

29

RS positioning [PCID]
Physical Cell IDentity
Primary Sync. Signal : 0, 1, 2
3 possible sequences to identify physical layer identity Zadoff-Chu sequence, 1 sequence identically sent every 5msecs Position
FDD: The last OFDM symbol of slot 1 and 11
TDD: The 3rd OFDM symbol of subframe 1 and 6

Secondary Sync. Signal : 0,,167

168 possible sequences to identify physical layer cell identity group Binary sequence, 2 concatenated sequences interleaved over 10msecs Position
FDD: The last - 1 OFDM symbol of slot 1 and 11

TDD: The last OFDM symbol of subframe 0 and 5

PCID = 3 * SSS + PSS : 0,,503

30

RS positioning [mapping to RE]

Resource Element used for Reference Signal transmission

31

RS positioning [mapping to RE (cont.)]

Mapping of DL Reference Signals (Normal cyclic prefix)

32

RS positioning [cell-specific freq. shift]

<PSS 0>

<PSS 1>

<PSS 2>
33

RS positioning

[Example M company at LV, SIMO]

<PCID>

34

RS positioning

[Example M company at LV, SIMO]

<RSRP>

<CINR>

35

PDCCH Aggregation Level

36

PDCCH Aggregation Level (cont.)

37

Power Option

38

Power Option (cont.)

Boosting Reference Signals
Index 0 1 2 1 Tx 2 Tx 4 Tx Value [dB] Value [dB] Value [dB] 0 -3 -6 -1.77 -4.77 -6 -3 -6 -6 SIMO (1 Tx) MIMO (2 Tx) Pa Pb Pa Pb Index Value Index Value Index Value Index Value 0 1 0 5/5 0 1 1 4/4 1 3/2 1 4/5 1 3 2 3/4 2 2 1 4/5 2 4 3 2/4

Examples

If the Tx power of each RB with a data layer is 12, each RE has the power as follows Total / RB
-. SIMO, 0dB boosting 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -. SIMO, 1.77dB boosting 3/2 4/5 4/5 4/5 4/5 4/5 3/2 4/5 4/5 4/5 4/5 -. SIMO, 3dB boosting 2 4/5 4/5 4/5 4/5 4/5 2 4/5 4/5 4/5 4/5 -. MIMO, 3dB boosting (each data layer has the power as follows) 2 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 -. MIMO, 4.77dB boosting (each data layer has the power as follows) 3 3/4 3/4 0 3/4 3/4 3 3/4 3/4 0 3/4 -. MIMO, 6dB boosting (each data layer has the power as follows) 4 1/2 1/2 0 1/2 1/2 4 1/2 1/2 0 1/2 1 4/5 4/5 1 3/4 1/2 12 11 12 12 12 12
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Power Option (cont.)

40

Power Control

Outline
Power Control Overview

Open Loop Power Control

Random Access Channel Power Control

Closed Loop Power Control

Function of Closed Loop Power Control
PUSCH/SRS/PUCCH

Actual Operation
Shared Channel: Closed Loop Power Control with SRS Case Study: SRS_SINR Low/Max, P0_nominal_PUSCH Up/Down Control Channel: Closed Loop Power Control with PUCCH
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Power Control Overview

DL Tx Power
eNB Tx Attenuation Power Option (PA, PB)

UL Tx Power
Open Loop Power Control
Compensate Pass Loss

Closed Loop Power Control

Compensate Fading

Outer Loop Power Control

Compensate BLER (ACK/NACK_Count comparing with Threshold)

Power Head-Room
Compensate UE_Tx_Power_limit

43

Open loop Power Control _ RACH

Pinit = PreambleInitialRecivedTargetPower {-120 ~ -90dBm} + Delta_Preamble
+ PathLoss (Reference Signal power {-60 ~ +50dBm} Filtered_RSRP)

Preamble Format 0

Delta Value 0 dB

0 dB
-3 dB -3 dB 8 dB

PowerRampingStep {0,2,4,6 dB}

PRACH PRACH PRACH PDCCH PUSCH

2 3 4

PPRACH = min { Pmax, PTX} PTX = PINIT + Counter*Pstep

44

Closed loop Power Control _ PUSCH

Power level of PUSCH is calculated in sub-frame i based on the following formula

Maximum allowed UE power in this particular cell, but at maximum +23 dBm

Combination of Cell-specific and UE-specific parameter given by SIB2

Downlink path loss estimate

PUSCH transport format

PPUSCH(i)= min { Pcmax ,10log10(MPUSCH(i))+PO_PUSCH(j)+a(j)PLDL+ TF(i)+f(i)}

Transmit power for PUSCH in subframe i in dBm

Number of allocated resource blocks (RB)

Cell-specific parameter given by SIB2

Power control adjustment derived from TPC command received in subframe (i-4)

Bandwidth factor

Basic open-loop starting point

Dynamic offset (closed loop)

45

Closed loop Power Control _ SRS

Power level of SRS is calculated in sub-frame i based on the following formula

PSRS(i)= min { PCMAX, PSRS_OFFSET +10log10(MSRS)+PO_PUSCH(j)+a(j)PLDL+f(i)}

The parameters as defined in Power Control_PUSCH

MSRS is the BW of the SRS transmission in subframe I expressed in number of resource blocks

For Ks = 1.25, PSRS_OFFSET is a 4-bit UE specific parameter semi-statically configured by SIB2 with 1dB step size in the range [-3, 12] dB For Ks = 0, PSRS_OFFSET is a 4-bit UE specific parameter semi-statically configured by SIB2 with 1.5dB step size in the range [-10.5, 12] dB KS is given by the UE specific parameter DeltaMCS-Enabled provided by SIB2.
46

Closed loop Power Control _ PUCCH

Power level of PUCCH is calculated in sub-frame i based on the following formula

Maximum allowed UE power in this particular cell, but at maximum +23 dBm

Downlink path loss estimate

Cell-specific parameter i

Power control adjustment derived from TPC command received in subframe (i-4)

PPUCCH(i)= min {PCMAX , PO_PUCCH + PLDL + h(nCQI , nHARQ)+ F_PUCCH(F)+g(i)}

Transmit power for PUCCH in subframe i in dBm

Combination of Cell-specific and UE-specific parameter given by SIB2

Cell-specific parameter given by SIB2

Basic open-loop starting point

Dynamic offset (closed loop)

47

Closed loop Power Control PUSCH by SRS

48

CLPC Operation

49

CLPC Case study: SRS_Th_low up

50

CLPC Case study: SRS_Th_max down

51

CLPC Case study: P0nominal_PUSCH up

52

CLPC Case study: P0nominal_PUSCH down

53

Closed loop Power Control PUCCH

54

Capacity & Coverage

Outline
DL/UL Peak Throughput
System Bandwidth
UE Category

Contents related to Capacity and Coverage

Timing Adjustment
PDCCH Aggregation Level, PCID planning
Call Setup Coverage
Message Overhead

Traffic Coverage
DL/UL Mismatch Power Head-Room

56

Peak Throughput Downlink, 64QAM

57

Peak Throughput Uplink, 64QAM

58

Peak Throughput Uplink, 16QAM

59

Peak Throughput UE Category

60

PRACH timing

61

Timing Adjustment

62

Zero Correlation Zone (Ncs)

ZeroCorrelation ZoneConfig 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Preamble format 0~3 Unrestricted Set Restricted Set Preamble format 4

NCS
0 13 15 18 22 26 32 38 46 59 76 93 119 167 279 419

us
0.000 12.396 14.303 17.163 20.977 24.791 30.513 36.234 43.862 56.257 72.467 88.677 113.468 159.237 266.031 399.523

TA
0.000 23.800 27.461 32.954 40.277 47.600 58.584 69.569 84.215 108.015 139.138 170.261 217.861 305.737 510.783 767.090

NCS
15 18 22 26 32 38 46 55 68 82 100 128 158 202 237 -

us
14.303 17.163 20.977 24.791 30.513 36.234 43.862 52.443 64.839 78.188 95.352 122.050 150.656 192.610 225.983 -

TA
27.461 32.954 40.277 47.600 58.584 69.569 84.215 100.692 124.492 150.123 183.076 234.338 289.260 369.814 433.891 -

NCS 2 4 6 8 10 12 15 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

us
1.918 3.837 5.755 7.674 9.592 11.511 14.388 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

TA 3.683 7.367 11.050 14.734 18.417 22.101 27.626 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

*. 1 TA = 16 * TS = 16 * 1/(15000*2048) = 0.52083 us

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Call Setup Coverage

64

Call Setup Coverage (cont.)

65

DL/UL Coverage Mismatch

66

Power Head-Room

67

DL/UL Coverage Mismatch

[Example M company at LV, SIMO]

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- END -